DOCSLIB.ORG

Universidad Del Azuay Faculty of Law School of International Studies

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Universidad Del Azuay Faculty of Law School of International Studies Universidad del Azuay Faculty of Law School of International Studies Proposal of application of an electronic commerce platform for the internationalization of traditional handicrafts from Azuay to the European Union. Graduate thesis prior to obtaining a Bilingual Bachelor in International Studies minor Foreing Trade Author: Ana María Cordero Merchán; Daniel Eduardo Urgilés Figueroa Director: María Inés Acosta Urigüen Cuenca - Ecuador 2019 DEDICATED TO: We want to dedicate this effort to our families, who have supported us unconditionally throughout our lives. ii SPECIAL THANKS TO: We want to thank our thesis director, María Inés Acosta Urigüen, who has accompanied us unconditionally throughout this university journey. Also, to all the teachers of Universidad del Azuay and officials of the different public and private entities, who have given us their support and guidelines to carry out this research proposal. Finally, we want to thank the artisans of the different cantons of Azuay for their openness, since they constitute a fundamental pillar in the development of this graduate thesis. iii INDEX OF CONTENTS DEDICATED TO: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ii SPECIAL THANKS TO: ------------------------------------------------------------------- iii INDEX OF CONTENTS ------------------------------------------------------------------- iv LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES ----------------------------------------------------- vi List of tables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vi List of figures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ vii RESUMEN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ix ABSTRACT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ x INTRODUCTION ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 CHAPTER 1. Handicrafts of Azuay ------------------------------------------------------ 3 Introduction --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 Theoretical Framework ------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 Handicrafts: Background -------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 Handicrafts as popular art ------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 Handicrafts concept according to UNESCO --------------------------------------------- 6 Handicrafts history in Ecuador ------------------------------------------------------------- 8 Traditional crafts of Azuay in the contemporary era ----------------------------------- 9 Legal Framework ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador ----------------------------------------------- 11 Craftsman Defense Law ------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 Handicrafts classification according to the working branches regulation -------- 15 Localization -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18 Macrolocalization --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18 Microlocalization --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 25 Current situation of Azuay`s crafts --------------------------------------------------- 28 Selection process of traditional crafts in the Azuay ------------------------------- 28 Craft technical sheets by Azuay`s cantons ------------------------------------------ 30 Sigsig ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 30 Cuenca ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35 Gualaceo -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 42 Chordeleg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 48 Nabón ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 50 Instructional for the handicraft selection matrix ---------------------------------- 52 Methodology --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 53 Criteria definition --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 53 Aplication of the Weighted Matrix ------------------------------------------------------ 58 Evaluation of crafts based on criteria --------------------------------------------------- 59 Results ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 62 Conclusions -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 64 iv CHAPTER 2. Selection of markets for the export of Crafts of Azuay ----------- 65 Introduction ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 65 Theoretical Framework ----------------------------------------------------------------- 66 National Development Plan 2017-2021 ------------------------------------------------ 66 Legal Framework ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 68 Organic Code of Production, Commerce and Investment --------------------------- 68 International Trade Policy of Ecuador -------------------------------------------------- 70 Analysis of the Commercial Situation of Ecuador --------------------------------- 72 Trade Balance Analysis -------------------------------------------------------------------- 74 Main non-oil trade partners of Ecuador------------------------------------------------- 75 Trade Agreements of Ecuador in force ------------------------------------------------- 77 Analysis of the Multiparty Ecuador-European Union Trade Agreement ---- 79 Background ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 79 Timeline of the negotiations between Ecuador and the European Union -------- 79 Scope of the Agreement ------------------------------------------------------------------- 82 Products Benefited by the Agreement -------------------------------------------------- 83 Tariff elimination schedule---------------------------------------------------------------- 84 Certificate of origin ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 85 Market Selection Process --------------------------------------------------------------- 87 Internationalization Strategies ------------------------------------------------------------ 88 Geographical Area -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 89 Selection of Countries within the European Union ----------------------------------- 90 Country Selection Matrix --------------------------------------------------------------- 92 Methodology --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 92 Economic valuation criteria --------------------------------------------------------------- 92 Accessibility criteria ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 95 Valuation Coefficients --------------------------------------------------------------------- 96 Comparative analysis of criteria --------------------------------------------------------- 97 Results ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 100 Conclusions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 101 CHAPTER 3. Platform of electronic commerce for the internationalization of crafts of Azuay ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 102 Introduction ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 102 Theoretical Framework ---------------------------------------------------------------- 102 Definition of E-commerce ---------------------------------------------------------------- 102 Types of E-commerce --------------------------------------------------------------------- 103 Background --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 104 E-commerce in Ecuador ------------------------------------------------------------------ 104 Current situation of electronic commerce worldwide ------------------------------- 105 What happens in Ecuador? --------------------------------------------------------------- 106 Legal Framework ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 108 Law of Electronic Commerce, Electronic Signatures and Data Messages of Ecuador -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 108 v Current Situation of E-commerce in European Union markets --------------- 111 Electronic commerce in Europe --------------------------------------------------------- 111 Electronic Commerce in Germany ----------------------------------------------------- 112 Electronic Commerce in France --------------------------------------------------------- 113 Electronic Commerce in Spain ---------------------------------------------------------- 113 Proposal to create a platform for online sales ------------------------------------- 114 Website definition ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 114 Domain --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 114 Requirements to create a website ------------------------------------------------------- 116 Main E-commerce platforms ------------------------------------------------------------
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Satoyama Initiative Thematic Review Vol. 4
    Satoyama Initiative Thematic Review vol. 4 Sustainable Use of Biodiversity in Socio-ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes (SEPLS) and its Contribution to Effective Area-based Conservation Satoyama Initiative Thematic Review vol. 4 Sustainable Use of Biodiversity in Socio-ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes (SEPLS) and its Contribution to Effective Area-based Conservation Satoyama Initiative Thematic Review vol. 4 i Citation UNU-IAS and IGES (eds.) 2018, Sustainable Use of Biodiversity in Socio-ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes and its Contribution to Effective Area-based Conservation (Satoyama Initiative Thematic Review vol. 4), United Nations University Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability, Tokyo. © United Nations University ISBN (Print): 978-92-808-4643-0 ISBN (E-version): 978-92-808-4592-1 Editors Suneetha M. Subramanian Evonne Yiu Beria Leimona Editorial support Yohsuke Amano Ikuko Matsumoto Federico Lopez-Casero Michaelis Yasuo Takahashi Rajarshi Dasgupta Kana Yoshino William Dunbar Raffaela Kozar English proofreading Susan Yoshimura Design/Printing Xpress Print Pte Ltd Cover photo credits (From top to bottom): SGP/COMDEKS Indonesia, Fausto O. Sarmiento, Mayra Vera, Sebastian Orjuela-Salazar Satoyama Initiative The Satoyama Initiative is a global effort, first proposed jointly by the United Nations University and the Ministry of the Environment of Japan (MOEJ), to realize ”societies in harmony with nature” and contribute to biodiversity conservation through the revitalization and sustainable management of ”socio-ecological production landscapes and seascapes” (SEPLS). The United Nations University Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability (UNU-IAS) serves as the Secretariat of the International Partnership for the Satoyama Initiative (IPSI). The activities of the IPSI Secretariat are made possible through the financial contribution of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecuador Page 1 of 24
    2010 Human Rights Report: Ecuador Page 1 of 24 Home » Under Secretary for Democracy and Global Affairs » Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor » Releases » Human Rights Reports » 2010 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices » Western Hemisphere » Ecuador 2010 Human Rights Report: Ecuador BUREAU OF DEMOCRACY, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND LABOR 2010 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices April 8, 2011 Ecuador is a constitutional republic with a population of approximately 14.3 million. In 2008 voters approved a referendum on a new constitution, which became effective in October of that year, although many of its provisions continued to be implemented. In April 2009 voters reelected Rafael Correa for his second presidential term and chose members of the National Assembly in elections that were considered generally free and fair. Security forces reported to civilian authorities. The following human rights problems continued: isolated unlawful killings and use of excessive force by security forces, sometimes with impunity; poor prison conditions; arbitrary arrest and detention; corruption and other abuses by security forces; a high number of pretrial detainees; and corruption and denial of due process within the judicial system. President Correa and his administration continued verbal and legal attacks against the independent media. Societal problems continued, including physical aggression against journalists; violence against women; discrimination against women, indigenous persons, Afro-Ecuadorians, and lesbians and gay men; trafficking in persons and sexual exploitation of minors; and child labor. RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS Section 1 Respect for the Integrity of the Person, Including Freedom From: a. Arbitrary or Unlawful Deprivation of Life The government or its agents did not commit any politically motivated killings; however, there continued to be credible reports that security forces used excessive force and committed isolated unlawful killings.
    [Show full text]
  • Between Latacunga and San Agustin De Callo: Tanicuchi, Six Centuries of Prehispanic Occupation in the Central Highlands of Ecuador
    BETWEEN LATACUNGA AND SAN AGUSTIN DE CALLO: TANICUCHI, SIX CENTURIES OF PREHISPANIC OCCUPATION IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS OF ECUADOR by Cecilia Josefina Vásquez Pazmiño A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Anthropology Northern Arizona University May 2005 Approved: _____________________________ George Gumerman IV, Ph.D., Chair _____________________________ Francis Smiley, Ph.D _____________________________ Miguel Vásquez, Ph.D. _____________________________ Christian Downum, Ph.D. ABSTRACT BETWEEN LATACUNGA AND SAN AGUSTIN DE CALLO: TANICUCHI, SIX CENTURIES OF PREHISPANIC OCCUPATION IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS OF ECUADOR CECILIA JOSEFINA VASQUEZ PAZMIÑO The Inkas occupied ancient Ecuador during the 16th century. Monumental architecture such as tambos (inns), fortresses, and towns were strategically located along the royal Inka road. In the Central Ecuadorian highlands, the sites of Latacunga, San Agustín de Callo, and El Salitre remain a prominent testimony of Inka imperialism. Surprisingly, Inka remains were scarce in the archaeological survey at Tanicuchí, between San Agustín de Callo and Latacunga. The systematically aligned survey of Tanicuchí supplied information concerning six centuries of Prehispanic occupation in the area. Surface collection and analysis of material culture defined Tanicuchí’s origins and chronology. Relative dating suggests that initial Tanicuchí occupation began during the Integration Period (A.D. 800-1500), followed by Inka (A.D. 1500-1534) and Early Colonial (A.D. 1534- 1580) periods of conquest. The imposition of Inka and Colonial rules imposed changes on politics, economics, and social relationships reflected in the frequency and distribution of pottery types. A conspicuous sample of Tardío and Cosanga pottery found at Tanicuchí indicates intensive trade and alliances between highland and lowland populations during the Integration Period.
    [Show full text]
  • UNIVERSIDAD SAN FRANCISCO DE QUITO USFQ Lucía Patricia Fiallos
    UNIVERSIDAD SAN FRANCISCO DE QUITO USFQ Colegio de Posgrados Gastrointestinal microbiota of children 6-8 years of age living in Cuenca, Guayllabamba and Uyumbicho (Ecuador) Lucía Patricia Fiallos Cazar Paúl Cárdenas, Ph.D. Director de Trabajo de Titulación Trabajo de titulación de posgrado presentado como requisito para la obtención del título de Magister en Microbiología Quito, 14 de mayo de 2019 2 UNIVERSIDAD SAN FRANCISCO DE QUITO USFQ COLEGIO DE POSGRADOS HOJA DE APROBACIÓN DE TRABAJO DE TITULACIÓN Gastrointestinal microbiota of children 6-8 years of age living in Cuenca, Guayllabamba and Uyumbicho (Ecuador) Lucía Patricia Fiallos Cazar Firmas Paúl Cárdenas, M.D., Ph.D. Director del Trabajo de Titulación Gabriel Trueba, Ph.D. Director de la Maestría de Mirobiología Miembro del Comité de Tesis Enrique Terán, Ph.D. Miembro del Comité de Tesis Hugo Burgos, Ph.D. Decano del Colegio de Posgrados Quito, 14 de mayo de 2019 3 © Derechos de Autor Por medio del presente documento certifico que he leído todas las Políticas y Manuales de la Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, incluyendo la Política de Propiedad Intelectual USFQ, y estoy de acuerdo con su contenido, por lo que los derechos de propiedad intelectual del presente trabajo quedan sujetos a lo dispuesto en esas Políticas. Asimismo, autorizo a la USFQ para que realice la digitalización y publicación de este trabajo en el repositorio virtual, de conformidad a lo dispuesto en el Art. 144 de la Ley Orgánica de Educación Superior. Firma del estudiante: Nombre: Lucía Patricia Fiallos Cazar Código de estudiante: 00109086 C. I.: 172091580-8 Lugar, Fecha Quito, 14 de mayo de 2019 4 DEDICATORIA A mi padre Patricio Fiallos, por su apoyo, a mi madre Mariana Cazar por su amor y respaldo, a mi hermano Pedro Fiallos, a Boris Franco a mi hijo Ariel Franco, mi familia en general, a mis amigas y a mis compañeros del Instituto de Microbiología de la USFQ.
    [Show full text]
  • Título Del Gráfico 2% 0% 3% Informativos 5% 0% 12% Musicales 4% 1% Deportivos Variedades Educativos 73% Culturales Turísticos Salud
    Universidad de Cuenca UNIVERSIDAD DE CUENCA FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA, LETRAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN CARRERA DE COMUNICACIÓN SOCIAL Plan de creación de una emisora de radio en FM, ubicada en el cantón San Fernando, provincia del Azuay. Trabajo de titulación previo a la obtención del título de Licenciado en Ciencias de la Comunicación Social mención Periodismo AUTOR: MILTON EDUARDO PASATO PEÑA C.I: 070428683-0 DIRECTOR: LCDO. WILSON ORLANDO GÁRATE ANDRADE. MSc. C.I:010193789-4 Cuenca – Ecuador 2018 Universidad de Cuenca RESUMEN El presente trabajo: Plan de creación de una emisora de radio en FM, ubicada en el cantón San Fernando, Provincia del Azuay, estuvo orientado a la realización de un diagnóstico que permitió la elaboración de un plan de comunicación para la creación de una emisora de radio en el cantón San Fernando, de la provincia del Azuay. Se sustentó en la identificación de la audiencia con el medio de comunicación; a través, de la representación de la cultura y la identidad de la región. Para ello se utilizó una metodología cuantitativa y cualitativa, que posibilitó la ejecución de la investigación de campo y la revisión bibliográfica y documental; cuyos resultados determinaron que los pobladores tienen interés por escuchar el medio radial; aunque, prefieren emisoras fuera de su localidad, siendo el contenido de preferencia el musical y, en menor grado, cultural y turístico; lo que evidenció la necesidad de crear un espacio con el que se identifiquen y se traten temas de interés social que aporten a su desarrollo local. PALABRAS CLAVE: PLAN DE COMUNICACIÓN RADIAL, IDENTIDAD, CULTURA, TURISMO, DESARROLLO LOCAL.
    [Show full text]
  • The Prevalence of Malnutrition in Ecuador 6
    38689 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized THE WORLDBANK Causes, Consequences, andSolutions Ecuador Nutritional Failure in A WORLD BANK COUNTRY STUDY BANK COUNTRY WORLD A A WORLD BANK COUNTRY STUDY Nutritional Failure in Ecuador Causes, Consequences, and Solutions THE WORLD BANK Washington, D.C. Copyright © 2007 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A. All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First Printing: February 2007 printed on recycled paper 1 2 3 4 5 10 09 08 07 World Bank Country Studies are among the many reports originally prepared for internal use as part of the continuing analysis by the Bank of the economic and related conditions of its devel- oping member countries and to facilitate its dialogs with the governments. Some of the reports are published in this series with the least possible delay for the use of governments, and the aca- demic, business, financial, and development communities. The manuscript of this paper there- fore has not been prepared in accordance with the procedures appropriate to formally-edited texts. Some sources cited in this paper may be informal documents that are not readily available. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of the Conservation Model of Territorial Forest and Vegetation Protection in Azuay, Ecuador
    Analysis of the Conservation Model of Territorial Forest and Vegetation Protection in Azuay, Ecuador Marcelo Leona,b, Maribel Alomotoc and María de la O Barrosoa aUniversidad de Huelva, Huelva, Spain bUniversidad Nacional de Loja, Loja, Ecuador cUniversidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolqui, Ecuador Abstract In Ecuador, the changes in vegetation coverage seem to be directly influenced by the deforestation rates, and by the change in use of soil with forestation capabilities to farming soils, causing the loss of native forests, as well as the goods and services they help provide to the local communities. The objective of this article is to get a preliminary diagnostic of the management of the Forest and Protecting Vegetation Areas (ABVP) in the towns of the province of Azuay, through the review of: Development and Territorial Management Plans (PDYOT) available in the city level governments; statistics of town areas as given by the Ecuadorian National Institute of Statistics and Census (INEC), Maps of ABVP’s emitted by the Ministry of Environment, and the Department of National Forests, which are available at the National Department of Information (SNI). Getting to the conclusion that more than 60% of the ABVP in the entire province are centralized in the cities of Cuenca (42%) and Pucara (19%), and also existing in a town which has not reported the existence of ABVP called Guachalapa; The most frequent anthropogenic activity in the towns that pushes the ABVP’s is the expansion of the farming areas (8 towns), followed by the cattle farming activities (6 towns); the reforestation is one of the most frequently proposed projects to achieve the recovery and conservation of the ABVPs, followed by updating activities for the ABVP Forest Management Plans.
    [Show full text]
  • Letterhead Template
    Information Pack for British Prisoners in Ecuador Author Quito Consular Team Department Consular Section British Embassy Quito Date 5 May 2014 Not protectively marked Information Pack for British Prisoners in Ecuador Not protectively marked Contents Who can help? ........................................................................................................................ 4 About the Ecuador Consular Network ..................................................................................... 4 Who are the Consular Representatives? ................................................................................ 4 Contact Information: ................................................................................................................ 5 British Embassy Quito ............................................................................................................. 5 FIRST STEPS ......................................................................................................................... 6 Who will know that I have been detained? .............................................................................. 6 What will my family be told? .................................................................................................... 6 What will the Consulate do? ................................................................................................... 6 PRISON CONDITIONS / SERVICES ..................................................................................... 7 General prison conditions
    [Show full text]
  • Check List 17 (1): 125–131
    17 1 ANNOTATED LIST OF SPECIES Check List 17 (1): 125–131 https://doi.org/10.15560/17.1.125 Report on the mammals of Quimsacocha National Recreation Area, Azuay Province, Ecuador Thomas E. Lee, Jr.1, Nicolas Tinoco2, Seth C. Crockett1, M. Alejandra Camacho2, Santiago F. Burneo2 1 Department of Biology, Abilene Christian University, Abilene, TX USA • TEL: [email protected] • SCC: [email protected] 2 Sección Mastozoología - Museo de Zoología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador • NT: ntinoco_lopez@ hotmail.com • MAC: [email protected] • SFB: [email protected] * Corresponding author Abstract Quimsacocha National Recreation Area is located on the western slope of the Andes in Azuay Province, southern Ecuador. All sampling locations were in the high paramo and high Andean forests (3,572 to 3,865 m). The habitats in- clude paramo, bogs, riparian, patches of elfin forests, and secondary cloud forest. We set Sherman, pitfall, and camera traps (3,600 trap nights), and mist nets to collect 117 specimens. Eight species were collected, including Caenolestes caniventer Anthony 1921; Didelphis pernigra J.A. Allen, 1900; Cryptotis montivagus (Anthony, 1921); Akodon mollis Thomas, 1894; Microryzomys altissimus (Osgood, 1933), Phyllotis haggardi Thomas, 1908; Sigmodon inopinatus Anthony, 1924; and Sylvilagus andinus (Thomas, 1897). Two additional species Coendou rufescens (Gray, 1865) and Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann, 1780) were documented photographically. This is the first survey that saved voucher specimens for mammals of Quimsacocha. Keywords High Andean paramo, Polylepis forests, mammal survey Academic editor: Terrence C. Demos | Received 20 November 2020 | Accepted 12 January 2021 | Published 19 January 2021 Citation: Lee TE Jr., Tinoco N, Crockett SC, Camacho MA, Burneo SF (2021) Report on the mammals of Quimsacocha National Recreation Area, Azuay Province, Ecuador.
    [Show full text]
  • Feasibility Analysis of the Importation and Commercialization of Technified Infrastructure, Equipment and Accessories for Swine Farms in the Province of Azuay"
    University of Azuay Faculty of Law School of International Studies "FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS OF THE IMPORTATION AND COMMERCIALIZATION OF TECHNIFIED INFRASTRUCTURE, EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES FOR SWINE FARMS IN THE PROVINCE OF AZUAY". Graduation project prior to obtaining the Bachelor Degree in International Studies with Bilingual minor in Foreign Trade. Author: Juan Diego Vásquez Rea Director: Ing. Antonio Torres Cuenca – Ecuador 2017 GRATITUDES To God, for giving me the necessary capacity to fulfill this goal so long awaited. For his blessings and obstacles that were served to develop me as a person and professional. To my beloved wife and daughter, who are the fundamental pillars and the motor that encourage me to prepare and to be better every day. To my beloved parents who always were at all times ready to help me with their advice and financial support. To my siblings, relatives, friends, and colleagues who in one way or another contributed and supported me to continue my studies. To my project director, for being an excellent person and for sharing his knowledge and experience ii TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 1 CHAPTER 1 ........................................................................................................................... 5 ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................................................... 5 1. PEST ANALISIS ...............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Violence and Canadian Mining Companies in Latin America Shin Imai Osgoode Hall Law School of York University, [email protected]
    Osgoode Hall Law School of York University Osgoode Digital Commons Research Papers, Working Papers, Conference All Papers Papers 11-20-2016 The aC nada Brand: Violence and Canadian Mining Companies in Latin America Shin Imai Osgoode Hall Law School of York University, [email protected] Leah Gardner McGill University, Faculty of Law Sarah Weinberger Osgoode Hall Law School of York University Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.osgoode.yorku.ca/all_papers Part of the Human Rights Law Commons Recommended Citation Imai, Shin, Leah Gardner and Sarah Weinberger. "The aC nada Brand: Violence and Canadian Mining Companies in Latin America." Justice and Corporate Accountability Project, November 20 2016. This Working Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the Research Papers, Working Papers, Conference Papers at Osgoode Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Papers by an authorized administrator of Osgoode Digital Commons. The “Canada Brand” Violence and Canadian Mining Companies in Latin America October 24, 2016 (rev 2 November 20, 2016) Osgoode Hall Law School York University 4700 Keele St. Toronto, Ontario TABLE OF CONTENTS 4 Executive Summary 7 Preface 10 Part I: Observations about Violence and Criminalization 1. Violence by Country 2. Who is Affected? 3. Targeted Attacks 4. Sexual Violence 5. Protests 6. Criminalization 7. Violence is Accepted as a Part of Doing Business 23 Part II: Observations about Company Disclosures 1. Disclosure Research Findings 27 Part III: Canadian Company Responsibility 1. If the company is following the laws of the foreign state, isn’t that sufficient? 2. If the fault lies with the subsidiary in the foreign country, why should the corporate offices in Canada be responsible? 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Be an Expert in Cuenca Additional Information to the Webinar All You Need Is Ecuador
    BE AN EXPERT IN CUENCA ADDITIONAL INFORMATION TO THE WEBINAR ALL YOU NEED IS ECUADOR 1 GENERAL CONTENTS 1. The City of Cuenca Location Essential information The city, Origins & history City recognitions 2. Cuenca Tourist Areas Old town El Barranco & Calle Larga (long street) San Sebastián neighborhood Other areas within the city 3. Cuenca for Special Interests Culture and art Squares & Parks Shopping in Cuenca Traditions Nightlife & events Archaeology Adventure Congresses & Conventions 4. Infrastructure & Services in the City Accommodation Gastronomy Transportation 5. Cuenca and Surroundings Baños Gualaceo & Chordeleg Ingapirca El Cajas National Park Cojitambo Cuenca in 3 days 6. From Guayaquil to other destinations within Ecuador Loja & Vilcabamba Guayaquil & Galápagos Amazonía Quito 2 THE CITY OF CUENCA LOCATION IN ECUADOR Santa Ana de los Ríos de Cuenca is located in the Inter-Andean valley and crossed by 4 rivers: Yanuncay, Machángara, Tarqui and Tomebamba ESSENTIAL INFORMATION Third most important city in Ecuador Population: +500,000 Altitude: 2535 MASL Mild climate with average temperature of 17 °C (62.6 °F). CUENCA, ITS ORIGINS & HISTORY First Inhabitants (10,000A.C-1,470D.C) In the area of the present-day city, in the Chobsi and Cubilán sites 8060 BC, archaeological and anthropological traces have been found, passing through Cerro Narrío culture (2000 BC – 500 AD.) to the flowering of the Tuncahuán culture, as well as the early phases of Tacalshapa culture (Azuay) and Cashaloma (Cañar) 500 BC – 500 AD that kicked off the Cañari era extending until 1500 AD. 3 Inca Period (1470-1528) To 1470 AD, the Cañaris were conquered by the Incas in the area now known as Tomebamba, birthplace to Huayna Capac, father of Huascar (Cuzco) and Atahualpa (Quito), who upon their father death in 1528 started a civil war for the succession of the throne.
    [Show full text]