CITY REGION FOOD SYSTEM SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS Kitwe, Zambia FAO - Food for the Cities Programme - WORKING DOCUMENT - Prepared by Jacob Mwitwa (Copperbelt University), Mainza Sibajene (Kitwe City Council), Gilbert Chivanga Chipoya (Ministry of Agriculture), Yaki Namiluko (Copperbelt University), in consultation with FAO, 2016 ABOUT THIS REPORT City region food systems (CRFS) encompass the complex network of actors, processes and relationships involved in food production, processing, marketing and consumption in a given geographical region. The CRFS approach advocates for strengthened connectivity between urban centres and surrounding areas –whether peri-urban or rural– for a fair rural development and well-managed urbanisation. At the same time, it fosters the development of resilient and sustainable food systems, smallholder agriculture, sustainable rural and urban production, employment, improved livelihoods, and food and nutrition security for all. The Food for the Cities Programme aims at building more resilient and sustainable food systems within city regions by strengthening rural-urban linkages. The programme builds on the demand to better understand and operationalize the concept of city region food systems. It analyzes and assesses CRFS. The results will serve as a basis for further planning and informed decision-making, prioritizing investments and designing food policies and strategies, which aim at improving the resilience and sustainability of the entire food system, through a continuous participatory multi-stakeholder dialogue. In collaboration with the RUAF Foundation, projects are carried out in eight city regions: Colombo (Sri Lanka), Dakar (Senegal), Kitwe and Lusaka (Zambia), Medellin (Colombia), Quito (Ecuador), Toronto (Canada) and Utrecht (the Netherlands). This report describes the first phase of the city region food system (CRFS) assessment. This phase consists of a descriptive assessment and appraisal of the local context and CRFS, primarily based on the analysis of secondary data, stakeholder interviews and consultations. It provides an overview and description of the local context (including the political and institutional environment) and its CRFS. It includes a definition of the geographical boundaries of the CRFS, an overview of its overall structure and characteristics, an analysis of how it functions, stock of baseline information and identified gaps, and, to the extent possible, an indication of general trends and critical issues relevant to increase the sustainability and resilience of the specific CRFS. These key issues will be further examined in the next project phases: in-depth assessment and policy planning phases. The situation analysis builds on secondary data. Secondary data includes information from spatial datasets, statistics, studies, institutional, policy and legal frameworks, and information obtained from local expert knowledge through stakeholder consultations, focus-group discussions and interviews. The report was prepared by Jacob Mwitwa (Copperbelt University), Mainza Sibajene (Kitwe City Council), Gilbert Chivanga Chipoya (Ministry of Agriculture), Yaki Namiluko (Copperbelt University) with assistance and guidance from Guido Santini, Yota Nicolarea, Louison Lançon and Diana Gutiérrez from FAO’s Plant Production and Protection Division (AGP). ii SUMMARY Introduction and definition of the Kitwe City Region Food System (CRFS) The situation analysis was prepared through the collection, review and analysis of existing information; and the collection of GPS points for farming areas, retail and markets, supermarkets and the location of district agricultural offices in all the ten districts of the Copperbelt Province (termed “core and peripheral region”). Prior to the collection of secondary information, the Multistakeholder Task Team (MTT) defined the Kitwe city region food system as composed of: i. Primary or Core Region: Region within legally recognized administrative boundaries for Kitwe district; ii. Secondary of Peripheral Region: Region excluding core and tertiary region but inclusive of all the surrounding districts with which Kitwe shares administrative boundaries and from which the Kitwe food system is supplied with agricultural produce, livestock and poultry products; iii. Tertiary or Other Region: Region outside the secondary region but from which the Kitwe food system obtains agricultural, livestock and poultry products. The criteria for the definition of the city region i. Administrative boundaries define the region of the city over which the Kitwe City Council has jurisdiction and whose by-laws are applicable within the city region (taking urban and peri-agriculture into context) – when urban and peri-urban agriculture is taken into context. ii. City region food system is definition is based on Food system: Sources of processed and unprocessed agriculture, livestock and poultry products consumed, marketed or distributed within and, for products produced within the city region, outside the city region. Governance: Potential to establish interventions in terms of producer capacity and improvement of value chain, infrastructure and facilities. The areas of the food system are: i. Input supply and production (crops, livestock and poultry products); ii. Storage, processing and manufacturing; iii. Wholesale and distribution; iv. Consumption and nutrition; v. Marketing, catering and distribution; vi. Food organic waste management; Education, primarily agricultural extension, gender and health are crossing cutting issues. CRFS Stakeholders As mentioned above, the food system assessment in the city region of Kitwe is a highly participatory process promoting local ownership. In this light, key players involved in the food system of the city iii region of Kitwe such as government departments, civil society/NGOs, the private sector, research institutes and academic institutions, play a significant role in shaping the local food system. More specifically, stakeholders in the Kitwe CRFS can be organized under the following categories: Direct participants in the food value chain: Corporate entities, civil society, traders and producer representatives that provide technical services and inputs to farmers. Organisations that provide awareness and communication: farmer organisations and other civil society organisations such as the Kitwe District Land Alliance (KDLA), National Traders and Marketers Association of Zambia (NATMAZ), World Vision Zambia, Sustainable Agriculture Programme (SAP), Zambia National Farmers Union (ZNFU). Institutions and organisations that formulate, influence and implement policies and legislation: the Kitwe City Council and government entities such as the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, National Agriculture Research and Development Centre and Cooperatives. Institutions and organisations that have advisory roles: academia and research institutes, such as the Copperbelt University. Elected officials: elected officials within the CRFS, ward Councillors and District Agricultural Coordinators (in charge of managing the agricultural sector) are the senior public servants in the district public service within the CRFS. Their roles are sometime interlinked, without noticeable significant conflicts. Some of the stakeholders have a policy and management role and may therefore be more influential in terms of governance and management than other stakeholders. The reason is that these are national institutions, with the exception of Kitwe City Council (KCC), who have a legislative role to play in the food system. However, other stakeholders fill up critical gaps in the food system that KCC, District Agriculture and the Zambia Environmental Management Agency (ZEMA) cannot fulfil. These include civil society, research institutes and academia. National policies, legislation and strategies In terms of agriculture, which has been prioritised as the most important sector, the R-SNDP 2013-2016 indicates that more than 50% of Zambia’s population is employed the agriculture sector and therefore, agriculture development is critical for achieving inclusive growth and poverty reduction. The challenges that have been targeted in order to transform the sector include: i. Unbalanced agriculture policies which have favoured maize production and disadvantaged the production of other crops; ii. Inadequate utilisation of research and development, farm mechanisation, science and technology and ICT to increase yields and maximise the comparative advantage of different areas of the country and access production and market information; iii. Poor storage, inadequate irrigation and other infrastructure challenges have resulted in post-harvest wastages and over-reliance on rain-fed agriculture. The agriculture sector is managed through the National Policy on Agriculture 2004-2015 with other sector policies and legislations playing a role in agriculture management such as Environmental Management Act No. 12 of 2011; Fisheries Policy of 2015 (Draft) and the Fisheries Amendment Act No. 22 of 2007; Forest Policy of 2015 and Forest Act of 2015; National Policy on Environment of 2007; Policy for National Parks and Wildlife in Zambia of 1998 and Zambia Wildlife Act of 1998; National Energy iv Policy of 2008; National Adaptation Programme of Action of (2007); Zambia Development Agency Act of 2006; Mines and Minerals Development Act (2008) National Environmental Action Plan (1994); National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (1999); Zambia National Action Plan for Combating Desertification