DOCSLIB.ORG

Revelation 6:9-11: an Exegesis of the Fifth Seal in the Light of the Problem of the Eschatological Delay

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Revelation 6:9-11: an Exegesis of the Fifth Seal in the Light of the Problem of the Eschatological Delay Andrews University Digital Commons @ Andrews University Dissertations Graduate Research 2015 Revelation 6:9-11: An Exegesis of the Fifth Seal in the Light of the Problem of the Eschatological Delay Patrice Allet Andrews University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dissertations Part of the Biblical Studies Commons Recommended Citation Allet, Patrice, "Revelation 6:9-11: An Exegesis of the Fifth Seal in the Light of the Problem of the Eschatological Delay" (2015). Dissertations. 1574. https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dissertations/1574 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Research at Digital Commons @ Andrews University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Andrews University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ABSTRACT REVELATION 6:9-11: AN EXEGESIS OF THE FIFTH SEAL IN THE LIGHT OF THE PROBLEM OF THE ESCHATOLOGICAL DELAY by Patrice Allet Adviser: Ranko Stefanovic ABSTRACT OF GRADUATE STUDENT RESEARCH Dissertation Andrews University Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary Title: REVELATION 6:9-11: AN EXEGESIS OF THE FIFTH SEAL IN THE LIGHT OF THE PROBLEM OF THE ESCHATOLOGICAL DELAY Name of researcher: Patrice Allet Name and degree of faculty adviser: Ranko Stefanovic, Ph.D. Date completed: January 2015 The fifth seal of Revelation has most often been treated from an anthropological perspective that appears to be clearly inadequate to account for the depth of this trigger passage located in a climactic setting. In and around the fifth seal, the text suggests indeed that the persecution of the last days has occurred. Imminence and delay do seem to intersect in the passage, creating a crisis of eschatological proportions which, in turn, raises questions of theodicy. The purpose of this dissertation is to increase understanding of the fifth seal as a whole through a focused study of its delay motif in light of similar relevant occurrences in the Hebrew Bible. The “delay” approach is justified by the important presence of the “How long?” motif in the question section of the fifth seal and the call to “wait/rest for a little while” in the answer part. The occurrence of the word χρόνος (the duration aspect of time) also points to an extension of time in connection with the crisis pointed out in the text. Further, delays and apocalypses are closely related where persecution and martyrdom often raise the question of eschatology and, by the same token, that of theodicy. After the introduction chapter, chapter 2 of this dissertation surveys the dominant views on the fifth seal from the second century to the present. Chapter 3 deals with the exegetical analysis of Rev 6:9 in order to come to terms with the stage setting of the delay question. Chapter 4 surveys the usage of the “how long” motif in the Old Testament and the Jewish and early Christian apocalyptic tradition and probes the imminence/delay tension from the interaction of the fifth seal with preceding context. Chapter 5 completes the exegetical and theological analyses of the resolution section of the fifth seal (6:11) and addresses issues of fulfillment in the text and the succeeding context to derive the theological meaning for the interval. The last chapter synthesizes the findings of the entire study. Regarding the timing of the eschatological fullness, everything, even the delay, stays within God’s control and he is not subjected to the human time perception. He controls human history according to his benevolent purposes and establishes the time of the end. God’s answer does suggest that the End coincides with (1) the totality of the eschatological people of God as determined by the wisdom of God’s purposes, (2) the fullness of God’s missionary program through radical sacrificial witness, (3) the fullness of the measure of iniquity, (4) the general resurrection of dead witnesses, and (5) the transformation of the cosmos. By delaying the final judgment, the theodicy in the fifth seal appears to be founded on the mercy of God in favor of the inhabitants of the world. Therefore, in God’s program, the theological meaning of the interval is that time is allowed to save the inhabitants of the earth and the fifth seal is an invitation not to let death stand in the way of radical witnesses in order to accomplish that purpose. Andrews University Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary REVELATION 6:9-11: AN EXEGESIS OF THE FIFTH SEAL IN THE LIGHT OF THE PROBLEM OF THE ESCHATOLOGICAL DELAY A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy by Patrice Allet January 2015 © Copyright by Patrice Allet 2015 All Rights Reserved REVELATION 6:9-11: AN EXEGESIS OF THE FIFTH SEAL IN THE LIGHT OF THE PROBLEM OF THE ESCHATOLOGICAL DELAY A dissertation presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy by Patrice Allet APPROVAL BY THE COMMITTEE: _______________________________ _________________________________ Faculty Adviser, Director of PhD/ThD Religion Program Ranko Stefanovic Thomas Shepherd Professor of New Testament _______________________________ _________________________________ Jacques B. Doukhan Dean, SDA Theological Seminary Professor of Hebrew and OT Exegesis Jiří Moskala _______________________________ Denis Fortin Professor of Historical Theology _______________________________ Jon Paulien Professor of Religion/Theological Studies _______________________________ _________________________________ External Examiner Date approved TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................... vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ...................................................................................... vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ........................................................................................... xiii Chapter I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 1 Background to the Problem ................................................................. 1 A Statement of the Problem ................................................................. 5 Rationale for the Study ........................................................................ 5 Purpose of the Research ....................................................................... 8 Methodology ........................................................................................ 9 Presuppositions or Assumptions .......................................................... 10 Definition of Terms.............................................................................. 12 Limitations of the Study....................................................................... 14 Design of the Study .............................................................................. 15 II. HISTORY OF INTERPRETATION OF THE FIFTH SEAL .......................... 17 Earliest Interpretation of the Fifth Seal Until the Middle Ages ........... 18 The Early Quotations ..................................................................... 18 Victorinus, Tyconius and Their Successors ................................... 26 The Early Greek Scholia ................................................................ 33 Summary ........................................................................................ 35 Interpretation of the Fifth Seal from Joachim of Fiore until 1850 ....... 37 Joachim of Fiore and the Pre-Reformation Period ........................ 37 The Reformation Period ................................................................. 41 The Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century Jesuits and Their Successors ................................................................................ 45 The Post-Reformation Period ........................................................ 49 Summary ........................................................................................ 59 The Fifth Seal in the Critical Readings of Revelation Since 1850 ...... 60 Church and World Historical Methods and the Later Developments .......................................................................... 61 Spiritualizing Methods ................................................................... 67 Futurist and Eschatological Methods ............................................. 71 iii Preterist and Contemporary Historical Approach .......................... 78 Special Literature on the Fifth Seal ............................................... 83 Summary ........................................................................................ 85 Conclusions .......................................................................................... 87 III. STAGE SETTING FOR THE DELAY QUERY IN THE FIFTH SEAL .............................................................................................. 89 Preliminary Textual Observations ....................................................... 90 A Translation of Revelation 6:9-11 ............................................... 90 Issues of Delimitations and Outline of Rev 6:9-11 ........................ 90 Summary ........................................................................................ 94 Issues Related to the Staging of the Delay Inquirers ........................... 94 The Significance of ὑποκάτω τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου ........................... 95 The Presentation of the
Load more

Recommended publications
  • PRICES REALIZED DETAIL - Animation Auction 52A, Auction Date: 12/1/2012
    26901 Agoura Road, Suite 150, Calabasas Hills, CA 91301 Tel: 310.859.7701 Fax: 310.859.3842 PRICES REALIZED DETAIL - Animation Auction 52A, Auction Date: 12/1/2012 LOT ITEM PRICE 4 X-MEN “OLD SOLDIERS”, (2) ORIGINAL PRODUCTION CELS AND BACKGROUND $275 FEATURING “CAPTAIN AMERICA” & “WOLVERINE”. 5 X-MEN “OLD SOLDIERS”, (2) ORIGINAL PRODUCTION CELS AND BACKGROUND $200 FEATURING “CAPTAIN AMERICA” & “WOLVERINE” FIGHTING BAD GUYS. 6 X-MEN “PHOENIX SAGA (PART 3) CRY OF THE BANSHEE”, ORIGINAL PRODUCTION CEL $100 AND BACKGROUND FEATURING “ERIK THE REDD”. 8 X-MEN OVERSIZED ORIGINAL PRODUCTION CEL AND BACKGROUND FEATURING $150 “GAMBIT”, “ROGUE”, “PROFESSOR X” & “JUBILEE”. 9 X-MEN “WEAPON X, LIES, AND VIDEOTAPE”, (3) ORIGINAL PRODUCTION CELS AND $225 BACKGROUND FEATURING “WOLVERINE” IN WEAPON X CHAMBER. 16 X-MEN ORIGINAL PRODUCTION CEL AND BACKGROUND FEATURING “BEAST”. $100 17 X-MEN (2) ORIGINAL PRODUCTION CELS AND BACKGROUND FEATURING “NASTY BOYS”, $100 “SLAB” & “HAIRBAG”. 21 X-MEN (3) ORIGINAL PRODUCTION CELS AND BACKGROUND FEATURING “STORM”. $100 23 X-MEN (2) ORIGINAL PRODUCTION CELS AND (2) SKETCHES FEATURING CYCLOPS’ $125 VISION OF JEAN GREY AS “PHOENIX”. 24 X-MEN (2) ORIGINAL PRODUCTION CELS AND BACKGROUND FEATURING “CAPTAIN $150 AMERICA” AND “WOLVERINE”. 25 X-MEN (9) ORIGINAL PRODUCTION CELS AND PAN BACKGROUND FEATURING “CAPTAIN $175 AMERICA” AND “WOLVERINE”. 27 X-MEN (3) ORIGINAL PRODUCTION CELS AND BACKGROUND FEATURING “STORM”, $100 “ROGUE” AND “DARKSTAR” FLYING. 31 X-MEN THE ANIMATED SERIES, (2) ORIGINAL PRODUCTION CELS AND BACKGROUND $100 FEATURING “PROFESSOR X” AND “2 SENTINELS”. 35 X-MEN (2) ORIGINAL PRODUCTION PAN CELS AND BACKGROUND FEATURING $100 “WOLVERINE”, “ROGUE” AND “NIGHTCRAWLER”.
    [Show full text]
  • THE DESTRUCTION of RELIGIOUS BABYLON Revelation 17
    THE DESTRUCTION OF RELIGIOUS BABYLON Revelation 17 Revelation chapters 17 and 18 are an interlude in the sequence of Tribulation events. These chapters deal with the destruction of religious and economic Babylon. Dr. Charles Ryrie explains why Babylon is the figure used to describe these forces in the last days. Babylon has had a long and consistently dishonorable history. It had its beginnings around 3000 B.C. under Nimrod (Gen. 10:8–10). The tower of Babel (Gen. 11:1–9) was built to prevent people from scattering throughout the earth, in direct defiance of God's command to do so. Hammurabi made Babylon a religious power about 1600 B.C. by making Marduk god of the city of Babylon and head of a pantheon of 1,300 deities. Extra-biblical sources indicate that the wife of Nimrod became the head of the Babylonian mysteries, which consisted of religious rites that were part of the worship of idols in Babylon. Her name was Semiramis, and she supposedly gave birth to a son, Tammuz, who claimed to be a savior and the fulfillment of the promise given to Eve in Genesis 3:15. This anti-God Babylonian religion is alluded to in Ezekiel 8:14…, Ezekiel 8:14 (ESV) 14 Then he brought me to the entrance of the north gate of the house of the LORD, and behold, there sat women weeping for Tammuz. Jeremiah 7:18…, Jeremiah 7:17–18 (ESV) 17 Do you not see what they are doing in the cities of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem? 18 The children gather wood, the fathers kindle fire, and the women knead dough, to make cakes for the queen of heaven.
    [Show full text]
  • Who Are the 4 Horsemen of the Apocalypse? Revelation 6:1-17 Compass Church Life Group Lessons November #1
    Who Are The 4 Horsemen Of The Apocalypse? Revelation 6:1-17 Compass Church Life Group Lessons November #1 1. The 4 horsemen is a term common in our culture for bad things coming. Let’s read the original source for this term and do so carefully for comprehension. Read the passage at least 2 times and underline key words. • Where do the horsemen come from? Whose authority are they under? • What does each do? White horse Red horse Black horse Pale horse (Rem. Clint’s movie) • Sum up in your own words the message of this chapter. • What is the implication for YOU as you live this week? On a scale of 1 to 10 how much does that affect you during the week? 2. Consider this quote from the sermon: Dosteovsky is one of the greatest novelists in history. In The Brothers Karamozov he creates a character who is determined to prove atheism is true and Christianity is a lie. Ivan is his name. He keeps a notebook in which he records every evil, every suffering, every tragedy he hears of. This notebook of evil and suffering is his proof against God. Either God does not exist, or if He does exist, He is cruel and indifferent and unloving because He does not put an end to evil. Of course, the message of this Book is that at The End of time God will put an end to evil. But in the MEANTIME, before the End of Time, the Christian life looked like a LOSER’S LIFE. It certainly did when Domitian was emperor.
    [Show full text]
  • The Fifth and Sixth Trumpets (Rev 9)
    THE FIFTH AND SIXTH TRUMPETS (REV 9) Read Revelation 9:1-21 (NIV) **What Scholars Say** REV 9:[1] The fifth angel sounded his trumpet, and I (John) saw a star that had fallen from the sky to the earth. The star was given the key to the shaft of the Abyss. THE FIFTH TRUMPET (9:1-11) VERSE 1 - REV 9:[1] The fifth angel sounded his trumpet, and I (John) saw a star that had fallen from the sky to the earth. "A star" sometimes signifies one in a high position or even a supernatural being. “There shall come a star out of Jacob" (Num 24:17); Angels are called "stars" (Job. 38:7); in Isa 14:12 we have Satan referred to as “How art thou fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, son of the morning!" The star that had fallen from the sky to the earth. It seems, therefore, that Satan himself is referred to by this symbol. The words he in verses 2 and king in verse 11, show that this is a person rather than a literal star. The star was given the key to the shaft of the Abyss. Satan or this demonic angel was given a key to the shaft of the Abyss or the bottomless pit. The Abyss or bottomless pit is a place in the depths of the earth where evil spirits were thought to be imprisoned (Luke 8:31). Satan then is pictured as opening the lid or the door (that can be closed or locked) to this Abyss, so that demons can be released to inflict men and women on the earth.
    [Show full text]
  • Melee Weapons, Ranged Weapons, Special Issue Wargear, Or Relics  May Purchase a Zephyr Command Module As a Dedicated Transport
    Codex: Ornthon v 1.0 A Galaxy Lost The story of the Ornthon race did not begin in this galaxy. Once they were native to a galaxy far away. But that would all come to change with the arrival of a menace from the stars. Scattered like chaff upon the wind, the Ornthon Heirs to a Galaxy race struggles to survive far from their true As far back as they have record, the Ornthon home. New aeries grow upon worlds here and race has always been filled with ambition. From there across the galaxy as survivors struggle to the first time they reached out to the stars, they rebuild glory now lost. The voices of ancestors knew themselves to be destined for greatness. cry out for vengeance even as voices from the This attitude permeates the entire racial deep whisper dreams of power. The Ornthon culture, and for a long time would seem to be race is in a fight for both survival in the galaxy, truth. and for control of a rapidly dividing culture. As they struck out into the larger galaxy the Once, things were not so. In time past and far race spread with a zeal that was unmatched by away the Ornthon knew peace and prosperity. their neighbors. The stories tell of battles, wars, Their race was first among equals and oversaw treaties, and assimilation. Heroes arose and fell vast swathes of the stars. In that time their race as an empire was forged. By the time the other was not divided, but acted as one for the great races had come risen up the Ornthon had betterment of all.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring the Book of Revelation: Verse by Verse Chapter 9 CHAPTER 9
    Exploring the Book of Revelation: Verse by Verse Chapter 9 CHAPTER 9 Fifth and Sixth trumpets Chapter 9 Introduction The fifth trumpet Recap Primary purpose of our Bible study is to understand each message as it applied The sixth trumpet to the church to which it was given AND its personal application for us today Reflections Revelation 9:1-6 1 Then the fifth angel sounded: And I saw a star fallen from heaven to the earth. To him was given the key to the bottomless pit. 2 And he opened the bottomless pit, and smoke arose out of the pit like the smoke of a great furnace. So, the sun and the air were darkened because of the smoke of the pit. 3 Then out of the smoke locusts came upon the earth. And to them was given power, as the scorpions of the earth have power. 4 They were commanded not to harm the grass of the earth, or any green thing, or any tree, but only those men who do not have the seal of God on their foreheads. 5 And they were not given authority to kill them, but to torment them for five months. Their torment was like the torment of a scorpion when it strikes a man. 6 In those days men will seek death and will not find it; they will desire to die, and death will flee from them. Revelation 9:7-12 7 The shape of the locusts was like horses prepared for battle. On their heads were crowns of something like gold, and their faces were like the faces of men.
    [Show full text]
  • Conductor, Composer and Violinist Jaakko Kuusisto Enjoys An
    Conductor, composer and violinist Jaakko Kuusisto enjoys an extensive career that was launched by a series of successes in international violin competitions in the 1990s. Having recorded concertos by some of the most prominent Finnish contemporary composers, such as Rautavaara, Aho, Sallinen and Pulkkis, he is one of the most frequently recorded Finnish instrumentalists. When BIS Records launched a project of complete Sibelius recordings, Kuusisto had a major role in the violin works and string chamber music. Moreover, his discography contains several albums outside the classical genre. Kuusisto’s conducting repertoire is equally versatile and ranges from baroque to the latest new works, regardless of genre. He has worked with many leading orchestras, including Minnesota Orchestra; Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide Symphony Orchestras; NDR Hannover, DeFilharmonie in Belgium; Chamber Orchestras of Tallinn and Lausanne; Helsinki, Turku and Tampere Philharmonic Orchestras; Oulu Symphony Orchestra as well as the Avanti! Chamber Orchestra. Kuusisto recently conducted his debut performances with the Krakow Sinfonietta and Ottawa’s National Arts Center Orchestra, as well as at the Finnish National Opera’s major production Indigo, an opera by heavy metal cello group Apocalyptica’s Eicca Toppinen and Perttu Kivilaakso. The score of the opera is also arranged and orchestrated by Kuusisto. Kuusisto performs regularly as soloist and chamber musician and has held the position of artistic director at several festivals. Currently he is the artistic director of the Oulu Music Festival with a commitment presently until 2017. Kuusisto also enjoys a longstanding relationship with the Lahti Symphony Orchestra: having served as concertmaster during 1999-2012, his collaboration with the orchestra now continues with frequent guest conducting and recordings, to name a few.
    [Show full text]
  • Islam in Apocalyptic Perspective the History of American Apocalyptic Thought Offers Much Reason for Discouragement
    Islam in Apocalyptic Perspective The history of American apocalyptic thought offers much reason for discouragement. Christians have been too eager to gloss biblical prophecy with extra-biblical assertions and morbid scenarios of Islam’s demise. Christian Reflection Prayer A Series in Faith and Ethics Scripture Reading: Mark 13:28-37 Meditation† There is certainly a shadowy and sinister side to apocalyptic, or should we say pseudo-apocalyptic,…[that encourages] sectarian- ism and exclusivism…. Focus Article: Here we can appeal to the apocalyptic vision itself, which is Islam in Apocalyptic universal and cosmic. God’s redemptive act in Jesus Christ Perspective restores humanity and the entire created order, and we move (Apocalyptic Vision, toward the end of history not aimlessly, but with the renewing pp. 46-53) and transforming of divine energies within us…. What is God’s intent? The redemption of humanity and the cosmos. That should be our interpretive lens. There is nothing in apocalyptic theology that demands that our outlook be sectarian or exclusive. Scott M. Lewis, S.J. Reflection Many Christians want to know more about Islamic practices, the Prophet Muhammad, the Qur’an, and how Muslim societies are organized. They may be ministering to Muslim immigrants or meeting new coworkers, guiding missionary projects or organizing business activities around the world, traveling more widely or retreating in fear of jihadist violence. Unfortunately, looming over their newfound interest are the terrorist attacks of 9/11. Some are misconstruing Islam through events in Revelation. “The horrific collapse of the World Trade Center towers might well turn one’s thoughts to the apocalypse, but something more than horror is What do you think? at work,” Thomas Kidd writes.
    [Show full text]
  • The Order and Significance of the Sealed Tribes of Revelation 7:4-8
    Andrews University Digital Commons @ Andrews University Master's Theses Graduate Research 2011 The Order and Significance of the Sealed ribesT of Revelation 7:4-8 Michael W. Troxell Andrews University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/theses Recommended Citation Troxell, Michael W., "The Order and Significance of the Sealed ribesT of Revelation 7:4-8" (2011). Master's Theses. 56. https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/theses/56 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Research at Digital Commons @ Andrews University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Andrews University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Thank you for your interest in the Andrews University Digital Library of Dissertations and Theses. Please honor the copyright of this document by not duplicating or distributing additional copies in any form without the author’s express written permission. Thanks for your cooperation. ABSTRACT THE ORDER AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SEALED TRIBES OF REVELATION 7:4-8 by Michael W. Troxell Adviser: Ranko Stefanovic ABSTRACT OF GRADUATE STUDENT RESEARCH Thesis Andrews University Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary Title: THE ORDER AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SEALED TRIBES OF REVELATION 7:4-8 Name of researcher: Michael W. Troxell Name and degree of faculty adviser: Ranko Stefanovic, Ph.D. Date completed: November 2011 Problem John’s list of twelve tribes of Israel in Rev 7, representing those who are sealed in the last days, has been the source of much debate through the years. This present study was to determine if there is any theological significance to the composition of the names in John’s list.
    [Show full text]
  • The Herald of Christ's Kingdom
    The Herald This Journal and Its Mission of Christ’s Kingdom Char tered in 1918, the Pas to ral Bi ble Insti tute, Inc. was formed for the promo tion This journal brings you 192 of Christian knowledge. Its jour nal, The Herald of Christ’s Kingdom, stands pages of spir itual reading mate - firmly for the de fense of the only true foun da tion of the Chris tian’s hope now be ing rial each year on a va ri ety of so gener ally re pu di ated—re demp tion through the pre cious blood (1 Peter 1:19) of biblical sub jects. Each is sue also “the man Christ Je sus, who gave himself a ran som [a corre spond ing price, a substi - lists many Bible convent ions and tute] for all” (1 Tim o thy 2:6). Build ing upon this sure foun da tion the gold, sil ver, con fer ences where you will find and pre cious stones of the Word of God (1 Corin thi ans 3:11-15; 2 Pe ter 1:5-11), Chris tian fel low ship. In cluded in its fur ther mis sion is “to make all see what is the fel lowship of the mys tery, which ev ery is sue is News & Views, … has been hid in God … to the in tent that now … might be [made] known by four pages of current events, the church the man i fold wis dom of God”—“which in other ages was not made letters to the ed itor, and infor- known unto the sons of men, as it is now re vealed” (Ephe sians 3:5-10).
    [Show full text]
  • Romanism and the Reformation
    ROMANISM AND THE REFORMATION. ROMANISM AND THE REFORMATION FROM THE STANDPOINT OF PROPHECY. r,Y H. GRATTAN GUINNESS, F.R.G.S., ' ' " A uthor of Lightfor tke Last Days" The Approaching End of the Age" etc. TORONTO: S. R. BRIGGS, TORONTO WILLARD TRACT DEPOSITORY AND BIBLE DEPOT, CORNER OF YONGE AND TEMPERANCE STREETS. BUTLER & TANNER, THE SELWOOD PRINTING WORKS, FROME, AND LONDON. PREFACE. r I "'HE following lectures were delivered, by re- quest, under the auspices of the Protestant Educational Institute, at Exeter Hall, in the spring of this year. That Institute exists to do a much needed work to keep alive, especially in the hearts of the rising generation, some measure of intelligent sympathy with the Protestant traditions of our country. England's Protestantism has long been Eng- land's glory, and the direct cause of her unrivalled prosperity and peculiar pre-eminence among the nations of Europe. That Protestantism is now sustaining a double attack, from without and from within. Yet few seem fully alive to the danger. The late Lord Beaconsfield saw it clearly enough " however. Your empire and your liberties are " more in danger at this moment," he said, than when Napoleon's army of observation was en- viii Preface. camped at Boulogne." What would he have said had he lived to see the present position of affairs ! The Reformation of the sixteenth century, which gave birth to Protestantism, was based on Scrip- ture. It gave back to the world the Bible. It the it the errors and taught Scriptures ; exposed corruptions of Rome by the use of the sword of the Spirit.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Southampton Research Repository Eprints Soton
    University of Southampton Research Repository ePrints Soton Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", University of Southampton, name of the University School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination http://eprints.soton.ac.uk UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON FACULTY OF HUMANITIES English Behind Apocalypse The Cultural Legacy of 9/11 by Matthew Stuart Leggatt Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2013 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON ABSTRACT HUMANITIES English Doctor of Philosophy BEHIND APOCALYPSE THE CULTURAL LEGACY OF 9/11 by Matthew Stuart Leggatt ‘Part One: 9/11 and the Death of the Capitalist Utopia’ focuses on how 9/11 has been memorialised, mythologised, and mobilised by contemporary culture. It examines a range of cultural materials from literature, film, and architecture, to 9/11 in the media. The section discusses, through a fusion of cultural and political thought, how the War on Terror became the inevitable continuation of the binary rhetoric of good and evil perpetuated since 9/11.
    [Show full text]