DOCSLIB.ORG

Supplemental Fig Final

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus Aneurinibacillus terranovensis LMG 22483 Aneurinibacillus terranovensis DSM 18919 Bacillus thuringiensiskurstaki Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki HD73 Bacillus thuringiensis Bacillus thuringiensis HD 789 Bacillus thuringiensis Bt407 Geobacillus stearothermophilus 3 Bacillus thuringiensis IS5056 Bacillus thuringiensis HD771 A426 Bacillus mycoides Rock3 17 Bacillus cereus A Bacillus anthracis TCC12856 T3 YIM 70157 L ysinibacillus sphaericus C3 41 YBT Y412MC61 YBT Bacillus cereus F837/76 L 1518 ysinibacillus fusiformis H1k 1520 Bacillus pumilus MTCC B6033 Bacillus pumilus S1 Bacillus pumilus SAFR 032 A Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus L Salinibacillus aidingensis NSP7.3 AnoxybacillusBacillus flavithermus ysinibacillusgelatini LMG WK1sp 21880 GY32−1 TCC 10987 Bacillus azotoformans Alkalibacillus haloalkaliphilus C5 01 Caldibacillus debilis DSM 16016 Geobacillus sp WCH70 Ames Geobacillus sp Geobacillus kaustophilus HT Geobacillusirgibacillus sp C56 sp SK37 6 BacillusBacillus macauensis halodurans ZFHKF C 1251 V Caldalkalibacillus thermarum HA6 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens M27 Marinococcus halotolerans LPs and PKs3 count Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266 Lysinibacillus fusiformis RB−21 Halobacillus kuroshimensis IS Hb7 1 Halobacillus karajensis DSM 14948 Halobacillus trueperi HT Halobacillus sp BAB 2008 Halobacillus dabanensis HD 02 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens IT45 Bacillus licheniformis 9945A Bacillus atrophaeus 1942 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens UCMB5036 Bacillus subtilis SMY Bacillus amyloliquefaciens W2 Paenibacillus azotofixans Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LL3 Bacillus subtilis BSP1 Paenibacillus durus DSM 1735 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 ATCC 35681 TUB 10 Bacillus atrophaeus UCMB 5137 Paenibacillus zanthoxyli JH29 Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13 Paenibacillus sophorae S27 Bacillus subtilis spizizenii Bacillus amyloliquefaciens UASWSBA1 Paenibacillus sabinae Bacillus subtilis 168 T27 Paenibacillus forsythiae Bacillus subtilis BAB1 T98 Paenibacillus panacisoli DSM 21345 Bacillus licheniformis WX02 Bacillus subtilis BEST7613 Paenibacillus massiliensis 2301065 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TA208 Paenibacillus sonchi X19 5 Bacillus subtilis OH 131.1 Bacillus subtilis 168 JH642 Paenibacillus riograndensis SBR5 Bacillus subtilis BEST195 Paenibacillus graminis RSA19 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DSM7 Bacillus subtilis PY79 Paenibacillus polymyxa SC2 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens XH7 Paenibacillus polymyxaATCC 842M1 Bacillus subtilis 6051 HGW Bacillus subtilis Paenibacillus polymyxa Bacillus subtilis BEST7003 Bacillus subtilis AG1839 PaenibacillusPaenibacillus polymyxa SQR peoriae 21 Bacillus subtilis NCIB 3610 003 Paucisalibacillus globulusAG174 B22 Paenibacillus polymyxa CR1 Bacillus coagulans 2−6 Bacillus coagulans 36D1 Paenibacillus polymyxa E681 Amphibacillus jilinensis Paenibacillus terrae HPL Bacillus psychrosaccharolyticus Bacillus megaterium WSH002 Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871 Bacillus megaterium DSM 319 Paenibacillus vortex V453 Bacillus megaterium QMB1551 T umebacillus flagellatus GST4 Paenibacillus daejeonensis Brevibacillus borstelensis DSM 6347T Brevibacillus borstelensis Y1 Paenibacillus sp HGH0039 Brevibacillus brevis X23 Brevibacillus agri 5−2 1 A35 Brevibacillus brevis NBRC 100599 1 Saccharibacillus sacchari GR21 Saccharibacillus kuerlensis A Paenibacillus pasadenensis NBRC 101214 TCC 23296 Thermobacillus composti KWC4 Paenibacillus pinihumi DSM 23905 Paenibacillus mucilaginosus K02 Paenibacillus curdlanolyticus Paenibacillus sp B69 Paenibacillus darwinianus Br Cohnella laeviribosi DSM 21336 Paenibacillus chitinolyticus NBRC 15660 Paenibacillus harenae DSM 16969 Cohnella panacarvi Gsoil 349 Cohnella thermotolerans CCUG 47242 Amphibacillus xylanus JCM7361 Paenibacillus mucilaginosus 3016 TCC 14706 Paenibacillus terrigena A Paenibacillus ginsengihumi TW25 Paenibacillus pini TCC 14707 Paenibacillus alginolyticus DSM 5050 A AK2 Paenibacillus terrigena Paenibacillus dendritiformis Paenibacillus sp JC66 Paenibacillus assamensis GPTSA Paenibacillus alvei DSM 29 Paenibacillus fonticola ZL Paenibacillus popilliae Paucisalibacillus sp EB02 Oceanobacillus sp Ndiop 1 Oceanobacillus kimchii X50 Paenibacillus lentimorbus Paenibacillus larvae DSM 25430 Paenibacillus taiwanensis DSM 18679 Ornithinibacillus scapharcae Legend: Dataset clusters LPs PKs Color ranges: rhizosphere soil soil endophyte.
Recommended publications
  • Biochemical Characterization and 16S Rdna Sequencing of Lipolytic Thermophiles from Selayang Hot Spring, Malaysia

    Biochemical Characterization and 16S Rdna Sequencing of Lipolytic Thermophiles from Selayang Hot Spring, Malaysia

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect IERI Procedia 5 ( 2013 ) 258 – 264 2013 International Conference on Agricultural and Natural Resources Engineering Biochemical Characterization and 16S rDNA Sequencing of Lipolytic Thermophiles from Selayang Hot Spring, Malaysia a a a a M.J., Norashirene , H., Umi Sarah , M.H, Siti Khairiyah and S., Nurdiana aFaculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. Abstract Thermophiles are well known as organisms that can withstand extreme temperature. Thermoenzymes from thermophiles have numerous potential for biotechnological applications due to their integral stability to tolerate extreme pH and elevated temperature. Because of the industrial importance of lipases, there is ongoing interest in the isolation of new bacterial strain producing lipases. Six isolates of lipases producing thermophiles namely K7S1T53D5, K7S1T53D6, K7S1T53D11, K7S1T53D12, K7S2T51D14 and K7S2T51D19 were isolated from the Selayang Hot Spring, Malaysia. The sampling site is neutral in pH with a highest recorded temperature of 53°C. For the screening and isolation of lipolytic thermopiles, selective medium containing Tween 80 was used. Thermostability and the ability to degrade the substrate even at higher temperature was proved and determined by incubation of the positive isolates at temperature 53°C. Colonies with circular borders, convex in elevation with an entire margin and opaque were obtained. 16S rDNA gene amplification and sequence analysis were done for bacterial identification. The isolate of K7S1T53D6 was derived of genus Bacillus that is the spore forming type, rod shaped, aerobic, with the ability to degrade lipid.
  • Proposal for Two New Genera, Brevibacillus Gen. Nov. and Aneurinibacillus Gen

    Proposal for Two New Genera, Brevibacillus Gen. Nov. and Aneurinibacillus Gen

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNALOF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY,OCt. 1996, p. 939-946 Vol. 46, No. 4 0020-7713/96/$04.00+0 Copyright 0 1996, International Union of Microbiological Societies Proposal for Two New Genera, Brevibacillus gen. nov. and Aneurinibacillus gen. nov. OSAMU SHIDA,'" HIROAKI TAKAGI,' KIYOSHI KADOWAKI,l AND KAZUO KOMAGATA' Research Laboratory, Higeta Shoyu Co., Ltd., Choshi, Chiba 288, and Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156, Japan 16s rRNA gene sequences of the type strains of 11 species belonging to the Bacillus brevis and Bacillus aneurinolyticus groups were determined. On the basis of the results of gene sequence analyses, these species were separated into two clusters. The B. brevis cluster included 10 species, namely, Bacillus brevis, Bacillus agri, Bacillus centrosporus, Bacillus choshinensis, Bacillus parabrevis, Bacillus reuszeri, Bacillus formosus, Bacillus borstelensis, Bacillus luterosporus, and Bacillus thermoruber. Bacillus aneurinolyticus and Bacillus migulunus belonged to the B. aneurinolyticus cluster. Moreover, the two clusters were phylogenetically distinct from other Bacillus, Amphibacillus, Sporoluctobacillus, Paenibacillus, and Alicyclobacillus species. On the basis of our data, we propose reclassification of the B. brevis cluster as Brevibacillus gen. nov. and reclassification of the B. aneurinolyticus cluster as Aneurinibacillus gen. nov. By using 16s rRNA gene sequence alignments, two specific PCR amplification primers were designed for differentiating the two new genera from each other and from other aerobic, endospore-formingorganisms. The aerobic, rod-shaped, endospore-forming genus Bacillus is a systematically diverse taxon (5).The members of this genus exhibit a wide range of DNA base compositions, and the major amino acid compositions of the cell walls of these organisms 8.
  • Paenibacillaceae Cover

    Paenibacillaceae Cover

    The Family Paenibacillaceae Strain Catalog and Reference • BGSC • Daniel R. Zeigler, Director The Family Paenibacillaceae Bacillus Genetic Stock Center Catalog of Strains Part 5 Daniel R. Zeigler, Ph.D. BGSC Director © 2013 Daniel R. Zeigler Bacillus Genetic Stock Center 484 West Twelfth Avenue Biological Sciences 556 Columbus OH 43210 USA www.bgsc.org The Bacillus Genetic Stock Center is supported in part by a grant from the National Sciences Foundation, Award Number: DBI-1349029 The author disclaims any conflict of interest. Description or mention of instrumentation, software, or other products in this book does not imply endorsement by the author or by the Ohio State University. Cover: Paenibacillus dendritiformus colony pattern formation. Color added for effect. Image courtesy of Eshel Ben Jacob. TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents .......................................................................................................................................................... 1 Welcome to the Bacillus Genetic Stock Center ............................................................................................................. 2 What is the Bacillus Genetic Stock Center? ............................................................................................................... 2 What kinds of cultures are available from the BGSC? ............................................................................................... 2 What you can do to help the BGSC ...........................................................................................................................
  • Next Generation Microbiology for the Future

    Next Generation Microbiology for the Future

    Next Generation Microbiology for the Future www.msk.or.kr | 1 2014 INTERNATIONAL MEETING of the MICROBIOLOGICAL SOCIETY of KOREA 2 | 2014 International Meeting of the Microbiological Society of Korea 2014 INTERNATIONAL MEETING of Next Generationthe MICROBIOLOGICAL Microbiology for the Future SOCIETY of KOREA Contents • Timetable ············································································································································ 4 • Floor Plan ··········································································································································· 5 • Scientific Programs ···························································································································· 6 • Plenary Lectures······························································································································· 23 PL1 ······································································································································· 24 PL2 ······································································································································· 25 PL3 ······································································································································· 26 PL4 ······································································································································· 27 • Symposia ··········································································································································
  • Genomic Analysis of Caldalkalibacillus Thermarum TA2

    Genomic Analysis of Caldalkalibacillus Thermarum TA2

    Delft University of Technology Genomic analysis of Caldalkalibacillus thermarum TA2.A1 reveals aerobic alkaliphilic metabolism and evolutionary hallmarks linking alkaliphilic bacteria and plant life de Jong, Samuel I.; van den Broek, Marcel A.; Merkel, Alexander Y.; de la Torre Cortes, Pilar; Kalamorz, Falk; Cook, Gregory M.; van Loosdrecht, Mark C.M.; McMillan, Duncan G.G. DOI 10.1007/s00792-020-01205-w Publication date 2020 Document Version Final published version Published in Extremophiles Citation (APA) de Jong, S. I., van den Broek, M. A., Merkel, A. Y., de la Torre Cortes, P., Kalamorz, F., Cook, G. M., van Loosdrecht, M. C. M., & McMillan, D. G. G. (2020). Genomic analysis of Caldalkalibacillus thermarum TA2.A1 reveals aerobic alkaliphilic metabolism and evolutionary hallmarks linking alkaliphilic bacteria and plant life. Extremophiles, 24(6), 923-935. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-020-01205-w Important note To cite this publication, please use the final published version (if applicable). Please check the document version above. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download, forward or distribute the text or part of it, without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license such as Creative Commons. Takedown policy Please contact us and provide details if you believe this document breaches copyrights. We will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. This work is downloaded from Delft University of Technology. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to a maximum of 10.
  • An Astrobiological Study of an Alkaline-Saline Hydrothermal Environment, Relevant to Understanding the Habitability of Mars

    An Astrobiological Study of an Alkaline-Saline Hydrothermal Environment, Relevant to Understanding the Habitability of Mars

    An astrobiological study of an alkaline-saline hydrothermal environment, relevant to understanding the habitability of Mars A thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy By Lottie Elizabeth Davis Department of Earth Sciences University College London March 2012 1 I, Lottie Elizabeth Davis confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. 2 Declaration Abstract The on going exploration of planets such as Mars is producing a wealth of data which is being used to shape a better understanding of potentially habitable environments beyond the Earth. On Mars, the relatively recent identification of minerals which indicate the presence of neutral/alkaline aqueous activity has increased the number of potentially habitable environments which require characterisation and exploration. The study of terrestrial analogue environments enables us to develop a better understanding of where life can exist, what types of organisms can exist and what evidence of that life may be preserved. The study of analogue environments is necessary not only in relation to the possibility of identifying extinct/extant indigenous life on Mars, but also for understanding the potential for contamination. As well as gaining an insight into the habitability of an environment, it is also essential to understand how to identify such environments using the instruments available to missions to Mars. It is important to be aware of instrument limitations to ensure that evidence of a particular environment is not overlooked. This work focuses upon studying the bacterial and archaeal diversity of Lake Magadi, a hypersaline and alkaline soda lake, and its associated hydrothermal springs.
  • Distribution of Long Linear and Branched Polyamines in the Thermophiles Belonging to the Domain Bacteria

    Distribution of Long Linear and Branched Polyamines in the Thermophiles Belonging to the Domain Bacteria

    Journal of Japanese Society for Extremophiles (2008) Vol.7 (1) Journal of Japanese Society for Extremophiles (2008), Vol. 7, 10-20 ORIGINAL PAPER Hamana Ka,b,e, Hosoya Ra, Yokota Ac, Niitsu Md, Hayashi He and Itoh Tb Distribution of long linear and branched polyamines in the thermophiles belonging to the domain Bacteria a Gunma University School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8514, Japan. bJapan Collection of Microorganisms, RIKEN, BioResource Center, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan. c Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan. d Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado, Saitama 350-0290, Japan. e Faculty of Engineering, Maebashi Institute of Technology, Maebashi, Gunma 371-0816, Japan. Corresponding author : Koei Hamana, [email protected] Phone : +81-27-220-8916, FAX : +81-27-220-8999 Received: April 3, 2008/ Reviced:May 26, 2008/ Acepted:June 3, 2008 Abstract Cellular polyamines of 44 newly validated have been published in eubacteria 15, 16). However, the eubacterial thermophiles growing at 45-80℃, belonging degree of thermophily is roughly estimated and not to eight orders (six phyla) of the domain Bacteria, were defined exactly. The cellular occurrence of long linear analyzed by HPLC and GC. A quaternary branched and/or branched polyamines in extremely thermophilic penta-amine, N4-bis(aminopropyl)norspermidine, was (or hyperthermophilic) eubacteria suggested that the found in Hydrogenivirga and Sulfurihydrogenibium extreme thermophiles (or hyperthermophiles) may have belonging to the order of Aquificales. Another some novel polyamine synthetic abilities possibly quaternary branched penta-amine, N4-bis(aminopropyl) associated with their thermophily 8-11, 13-15, 18, 23, 24).
  • Identification and Classification of Known and Putative Antimicrobial Compounds Produced by a Wide Variety of Bacillales Species Xin Zhao1,2 and Oscar P

    Identification and Classification of Known and Putative Antimicrobial Compounds Produced by a Wide Variety of Bacillales Species Xin Zhao1,2 and Oscar P

    Zhao and Kuipers BMC Genomics (2016) 17:882 DOI 10.1186/s12864-016-3224-y RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Identification and classification of known and putative antimicrobial compounds produced by a wide variety of Bacillales species Xin Zhao1,2 and Oscar P. Kuipers1* Abstract Background: Gram-positive bacteria of the Bacillales are important producers of antimicrobial compounds that might be utilized for medical, food or agricultural applications. Thanks to the wide availability of whole genome sequence data and the development of specific genome mining tools, novel antimicrobial compounds, either ribosomally- or non-ribosomally produced, of various Bacillales species can be predicted and classified. Here, we provide a classification scheme of known and putative antimicrobial compounds in the specific context of Bacillales species. Results: We identify and describe known and putative bacteriocins, non-ribosomally synthesized peptides (NRPs), polyketides (PKs) and other antimicrobials from 328 whole-genome sequenced strains of 57 species of Bacillales by using web based genome-mining prediction tools. We provide a classification scheme for these bacteriocins, update the findings of NRPs and PKs and investigate their characteristics and suitability for biocontrol by describing per class their genetic organization and structure. Moreover, we highlight the potential of several known and novel antimicrobials from various species of Bacillales. Conclusions: Our extended classification of antimicrobial compounds demonstrates that Bacillales provide a rich source of novel antimicrobials that can now readily be tapped experimentally, since many new gene clusters are identified. Keywords: Antimicrobials, Bacillales, Bacillus, Genome-mining, Lanthipeptides, Sactipeptides, Thiopeptides, NRPs, PKs Background (bacteriocins) [4], as well as non-ribosomally synthesized Most of the species of the genus Bacillus and related peptides (NRPs) and polyketides (PKs) [5].
  • Product Sheet Info

    Product Sheet Info

    Product Information Sheet for NR-602 Brevibacillus parabrevis, Strain BG Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2007; see www.cdc.gov/od/ohs/biosfty/bmbl5/bmbl5toc.htm. Catalog No. NR-602 Disclaimers: (Derived from ATCC® 8185™) You are authorized to use this product for research use only. It is not intended for human use. For research only. Not for human use. Use of this product is subject to the terms and conditions of Contributor: the BEI Resources Material Transfer Agreement (MTA). The ATCC® MTA is available on our Web site at www.beiresources.org. Product Description: While BEI Resources uses reasonable efforts to include Bacteria Classification: Paenibacillaceae, Brevibacillus accurate and up-to-date information on this product sheet, ® Agent: Brevibacillus parabrevis neither ATCC nor the U.S. Government make any Strain: BG (NRS 751) warranties or representations as to its accuracy. Citations from scientific literature and patents are provided for ® Material Provided: informational purposes only. Neither ATCC nor the U.S. Each vial contains approximately 0.5 mL of bacterial culture Government warrants that such information has been in 0.5X Tryptic Soy Broth supplemented with 10% glycerol. confirmed to be accurate. Packaging/Storage: This product is sent with the condition that you are responsible for its safe storage, handling, use and disposal. NR-602 was packaged aseptically, in screw-capped plastic ® cryovials. The product is provided frozen and should be ATCC and the U.S. Government are not liable for any stored at -60°C or colder immediately upon arrival. For damages or injuries arising from receipt and/or use of this long-term storage, the vapor phase of a liquid nitrogen product.
  • Thermolongibacillus Cihan Et Al

    Thermolongibacillus Cihan Et Al

    Genus Firmicutes/Bacilli/Bacillales/Bacillaceae/ Thermolongibacillus Cihan et al. (2014)VP .......................................................................................................................................................................................... Arzu Coleri Cihan, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey Kivanc Bilecen and Cumhur Cokmus, Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture & Natural Sciences, Konya Food & Agriculture University, Konya, Turkey Ther.mo.lon.gi.ba.cil’lus. Gr. adj. thermos hot; L. adj. Type species: Thermolongibacillus altinsuensis E265T, longus long; L. dim. n. bacillus small rod; N.L. masc. n. DSM 24979T, NCIMB 14850T Cihan et al. (2014)VP. .................................................................................. Thermolongibacillus long thermophilic rod. Thermolongibacillus is a genus in the phylum Fir- Gram-positive, motile rods, occurring singly, in pairs, or micutes,classBacilli, order Bacillales, and the family in long straight or slightly curved chains. Moderate alka- Bacillaceae. There are two species in the genus Thermo- lophile, growing in a pH range of 5.0–11.0; thermophile, longibacillus, T. altinsuensis and T. kozakliensis, isolated growing in a temperature range of 40–70∘C; halophile, from sediment and soil samples in different ther- tolerating up to 5.0% (w/v) NaCl. Catalase-weakly positive, mal hot springs, respectively. Members of this genus chemoorganotroph, grow aerobically, but not under anaer- are thermophilic (40–70∘C), halophilic (0–5.0% obic conditions. Young cells are 0.6–1.1 μm in width and NaCl), alkalophilic (pH 5.0–11.0), endospore form- 3.0–8.0 μm in length; cells in stationary and death phases ing, Gram-positive, aerobic, motile, straight rods. are 0.6–1.2 μm in width and 9.0–35.0 μm in length.
  • Brevibacillus Massiliensis Sp. Nov

    Brevibacillus Massiliensis Sp. Nov

    Standards in Genomic Sciences (2013) 8:1-14 DOI:10.4056/sigs.3466975 Non-contiguous finished genome sequence and description of Brevibacillus massiliensis sp. nov. Perrine Hugon1†, Ajay Kumar Mishra1†, Jean-Christophe Lagier1, Thi Thien Nguyen1, Carine Couderc1, Didier Raoult1 and Pierre-Edouard Fournier1* 1Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE, Faculté de médecine, France † These two authors have equal contribution * Corresponding author: Pierre-Edouard Fournier ([email protected]) Keywords: Brevibacillus massiliensis, genome, culturomics, taxono-genomics Brevibacillus massiliensis strain phRT sp. nov. is the type strain of B. massiliensis sp. nov., a new species within the genus Brevibacillus. This strain was isolated from the fecal flora of a woman suffering from morbid obesity. B. massiliensis is a Gram-positive aerobic rod-shaped bacterium. Here we describe the features of this organism, together with the complete genome sequence and annotation. The 5,051,018 bp long genome (1 chromosome but no plasmid) contains 5,051 protein-coding and 84 RNA genes, and exhibits a G+C content of 53.1%. Introduction Brevibacillus massiliensis strain phRT (= CSUR brevis and B. centrosporus were isolated from in- P177 = DSM 25447) is the type strain of B. door dust in schools, day care centers for children massiliensis sp. nov. This bacterium is a Gram- and animal sheds [26], and fecal flora of children, positive, spore-forming, indole negative, aerobic respectively [27]. However, several Brevibacillus and motile bacillus that was isolated from the species are also frequently isolated from humans, stool of a 26-year-old woman suffering from mor- notably in nosocomial infections, causing breast bid obesity.
  • Plastid-Localized Amino Acid Biosynthetic Pathways of Plantae Are Predominantly Composed of Non-Cyanobacterial Enzymes

    Plastid-Localized Amino Acid Biosynthetic Pathways of Plantae Are Predominantly Composed of Non-Cyanobacterial Enzymes

    Plastid-localized amino acid biosynthetic pathways of Plantae are predominantly SUBJECT AREAS: MOLECULAR EVOLUTION composed of non-cyanobacterial PHYLOGENETICS PLANT EVOLUTION enzymes PHYLOGENY Adrian Reyes-Prieto1* & Ahmed Moustafa2* Received 1 26 September 2012 Canadian Institute for Advanced Research and Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada, 2Department of Biology and Biotechnology Graduate Program, American University in Cairo, Egypt. Accepted 27 November 2012 Studies of photosynthetic eukaryotes have revealed that the evolution of plastids from cyanobacteria Published involved the recruitment of non-cyanobacterial proteins. Our phylogenetic survey of .100 Arabidopsis 11 December 2012 nuclear-encoded plastid enzymes involved in amino acid biosynthesis identified only 21 unambiguous cyanobacterial-derived proteins. Some of the several non-cyanobacterial plastid enzymes have a shared phylogenetic origin in the three Plantae lineages. We hypothesize that during the evolution of plastids some enzymes encoded in the host nuclear genome were mistargeted into the plastid. Then, the activity of those Correspondence and foreign enzymes was sustained by both the plastid metabolites and interactions with the native requests for materials cyanobacterial enzymes. Some of the novel enzymatic activities were favored by selective compartmentation should be addressed to of additional complementary enzymes. The mosaic phylogenetic composition of the plastid amino acid A.R.-P. ([email protected]) biosynthetic pathways and the reduced number of plastid-encoded proteins of non-cyanobacterial origin suggest that enzyme recruitment underlies the recompartmentation of metabolic routes during the evolution of plastids. * Equal contribution made by these authors. rimary plastids of plants and algae are the evolutionary outcome of an endosymbiotic association between eukaryotes and cyanobacteria1.