Catalogo 063 LUCIO FONTANA

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Catalogo 063 LUCIO FONTANA Comune di Brescia Provincia di Brescia Associazione Artisti Bresciani classici del contemporaneo 1 lucio fontana nelle collezioni bresciane mostra a cura di Mauro Panzera galleria aab vicolo delle stelle, 4 - Brescia 18 settembre - 13 ottobre 1999 feriali e festivi 15,30 - 19,30 lunedì chiuso edizioni aab Ringraziamenti Per aver contribuito alla organizzazione della mostra si ringraziano: Beppe Bonetti, Ermete Botticini, Sergio Casoli, Piero Cavellini, Luciano Colantonio, Giorgio Fogazzi, Paolo Majorana, Massimo Minini, Armando Nizzi, Valentino Zini, i Musei Civici di Brescia, l’Associazione Arte e Spiritualità di Brescia, la Fondazione Ugo Mulas di Milano e tutti i collezionisti, senza il cui prezioso contributo la mostra non avrebbe potuto avere luogo. 4 Lucio Fontana nelle collezioni bresciane Mauro Panzera Il presente progetto espositivo trae certamente da un’occor- renza esteriore l’occasione della sua realizzazione. Il centena- rio fontaniano del resto è all’origine di pressoché tutte le ma- nifestazioni italiane dell’anno 1999, dall’articolatissima mo- stra milanese all’ultima, in ordine di tempo, voluta dalla Fon- dazione Ambrosetti all'Abbazia Olivetana di Rodengo Saiano. Anche la presente soggiace al medesimo impulso commemo- rativo. Ma vi è una ragione interna che sostiene questa esposizione di opere di Lucio Fontana e che, pur poggiando sulla memo- ria storica, intende contribuire ad un accrescimento della co- scienza della città per l’arte contemporanea. Criterio ordinatore della mostra e, per conseguenza, della se- lezione delle opere è stato infatti la storia del collezionismo bresciano dell’opera di Fontana. Ci siamo proposti insomma di raccontare, per testi ed immagini, la capacità della cultura bresciana di accogliere una proposta artistica ed una avventu- ra teorica che ha segnato indelebilmente la categoria di arte contemporanea nel secondo Novecento. Perché non c’è più dubbio alcuno che in Italia - ma non solo - arte contempora- nea significa Alberto Burri e Lucio Fontana. A queste due per- sonalità è toccato il compito ingrato di perimetrare il nuovo territorio dell’arte sulle macerie del vecchio mondo. Ma al so- lo Fontana è toccato di traghettarsi dalla scuola di Adolfo Wildt al Concetto spaziale. La storia del collezionismo bresciano di Fontana coincide con la storia del collezionismo bresciano tout court: vale a dire con l’avvocato Feroldi e con Guglielmo Achille Cavellini. Ci esimiamo in questa occasione dal ripercorrere la storia di collezioni la cui perdita per il pubblico cittadino ancora è una ferita aperta: vorremmo al contrario, con questa esposizione, indicare implicitamente la via da seguire per non doversi più rammaricare a posteriori. Allorquando la milanese galleria Il Milione espone - siamo nel dicembre del 1933 - La collezione dell’avvocato Pietro Feroldi in Brescia scopriamo la presenza dell’opera di Fontana Testa di ragazza, terracotta colorata, oro, del 1931 (nel catalogo ge- 5 nerale Crispolti 1986 è rubricata come 31 sc 12). Quest’opera ha la capacità di riportare alla memoria la stagione più felice per la cultura artistica bresciana: la presenza di Carlo Belli in città, la sua relazione con Feroldi e la battaglia per l’arte astratta in Italia. Fontana è con Melotti esponente di punta di tale fronte di lotta e la galleria Il Milione ne è il terreno di battaglia. Ma la presenza dell’opera in collezione dice del va- lore e del coraggio intellettuale di Feroldi, che tuttavia mai acconsentì al progetto del Belli di sostegno dell’arte astratta. L’opera indica un terreno di sperimentazione del Fontana, non certo la piena adesione all’arte astratta, che mai venne neppure nel secondo dopoguerra. E a rileggere i primi nume- ri del Bruttanome, rivista a suo modo coraggiosa nella Brescia dei primi anni Sessanta, ci si può imbattere in un testo del Belli, tra il rivendicativo ed il polemico, per nulla tenero con l’arte di Fontana e di Burri. “Il gusto dei sacchi, dei buchi, delle carabattole arrugginite - scriveva il Belli sul n. 2/1962 - può avere la sua stagione, come la moda; ma l’arte, astratta o figurativa che sia, è un’altra cosa “. Queste osservazioni erano introdotte da un monito all’indi- rizzo del collezionista Cavellini, affinché non cadesse nel gu- sto del mercato internazionale d’arte. A quella data la colle- zione Cavellini era già internazionalmente nota, visitata dalla critica più attenta ed era già stata esposta nel 1957 alla Galle- ria Nazionale d’Arte Moderna di Roma e l’anno successivo al Musée des Beaux-Arts di La Chaux-de-Fonds. In entrambe le occasioni espositive risultavano in collezione un Sacco di Burri del 1955 e un Concetto spaziale di Fontana del 1957. Co- me a dire: due acquisizioni recenti rispetto al nucleo della collezione, risalente agli anni di passaggio tra anni Quaranta e Cinquanta. Infatti caratteristica del collezionare cavellinia- no era stata la contemporaneità assoluta: Cavellini aveva so- stenuto la generazione degli astratto-concreti - sigla ufficia- lizzata alla Biennale veneziana del 1952 - e amico e mentore della prima ora fu Renato Birolli. Quindi collezione di una generazione che si era aperta al confronto internazionale, so- prattutto francese, proponendo in orizzontale una pittura che per buona parte proveniva dalla Scuola di Parigi. E’ nota l’osservazione di Cavellini, di aver collezionato all’inizio quelle opere che lui stesso avrebbe voluto aver dipinto: indi- cando così il collezionare come seguito o evoluzione del di- pingere in proprio. Ma gli anni Cinquanta avevano aperto l’angolo visivo del col- lezionista: nuove esperienze artistiche premevano, ben lonta- ne dalla generazione a lui cara; ma soprattutto una nuova 6 geografia artistica travolgeva il piccolo campo italiano. Testi- monianza di tutto ciò è il testo che Cavellini dà alle stampe nel 1959, Arte astratta. Lo pubblica nelle edizioni della Con- chiglia, vale a dire da Giampiero Giani, l’autorevole sostenito- re dello Spazialismo e di Lucio Fontana in particolare. A Brescia la collezione Cavellini verrà mostrata alla Pinacote- ca Tosio Martinengo nel 1964. Presentata dal Valsecchi propo- ne di Fontana un’opera del 1959, Attese. Per finire, nel 1967 la Galleria d’Arte Moderna di Brescia - un nome indicativo di un progetto più che un’istituzione reale - presenta la Grafica della Collezione Cavellini: e Fontana è presente con una Com- posizione del 1951. Fin qui i fatti. Una sola osservazione: la modernità e, nel caso di Cavellini, la contemporaneità delle collezioni bresciane hanno avuto il merito di proporre all’attenzione del pubblico più attento l’opera di Lucio Fontana. Ciò non significa però aver anticipato con l’intuizione quanto la storia dell’arte va acclarando sempre più: la centralità dell’esperienza artistica di Fontana. Altri erano i fuochi d’interesse di Feroldi e di Ca- vellini, centrati sui concetti di pittura e di scultura, su catego- rie contro cui avevano lottato i migliori artisti italiani, da Me- dardo Rosso a Lucio Fontana, appunto. Se profetiche non furono le lezioni provenienti dal collezioni- smo illuminato, totalmente estraneo restò il mercato artistico cittadino rispetto a quelle lezioni. Chi capì comprò, ma nessu- no si impegnò sistematicamente a sostegno di quest’arte. Le opere di Fontana fecero capolino in varie collettive lungo tutti gli anni Sessanta ed anche l’Associazione Artisti Bresciani eb- be l’avventura di esporre alcuni suoi quadri: ma fu un inciden- te. Nei pressi del ‘65 infatti, sotto la direzione Majorana, ac- cadde un vuoto di programmazione, saltò una mostra insom- ma, e si corse ai ripari chiedendo aiuto all’amico Armando Nizzi, che prontamente rispose con opere di Fontana, Bonalu- mi, Castellani ed altri. L’evento passò del tutto sotto silenzio. Maggiore eco ebbe il progetto umanitario di Josephine Baker. Le cronache raccontano del suo passaggio bresciano nel feb- braio ‘65 e della relativa visita alle sale dell’AAB, dove erano in mostra le opere donate dagli artisti bresciani; dono finaliz- zato alla realizzazione del suo progetto di una Università mon- diale della fraternità. Risulta presente, inopinatamente, anche un’opera di Lucio Fontana, un Concetto spaziale, Attese. Si nar- ra anche che la buona Baker non seppe che farsene di una tela più volte tagliata e che la rifiutò, ma non abbiamo prove della favola. 7 Sul terreno della ricerca storica vi sarebbe in verità ancora un capitoletto da scrivere: si tratta del lavoro svolto nella secon- da metà degli anni Sessanta dalla galleria Zen, divenuta poi Acme. Si trattava di due associazioni culturali in contatto di- retto con il farsi dell’arte contemporanea, post Fontana ma in cui egli veniva riconosciuto un maestro. Purtroppo il raccon- to, per frammenti, esce solo da contributi orali di alcuni pro- tagonisti di quella stagione. Una ricostruzione documentata dell’intera vicenda sarebbe quanto mai urgente. Fu invece la scomparsa del maestro a stimolare un nuovo ap- proccio alla sua opera. E Cattaneo inaugurò nel 1970 una grossa mostra, allo Studio C, di opere di Lucio Fontana. Sarebbe inte- ressante seguire il destino di quelle opere: Fontana costava an- cora poco e un acquisto impegnava più ragioni di cultura che di denaro. Per varie ragioni mi sono convinto che questa mostra gettò le basi di una presenza bresciana di Fontana. Lungo gli anni Settanta non successe più nulla: il sistema del- le gallerie cittadino non era in grado di proseguire il lavoro di Cattaneo oppure aveva compiuto scelte più contemporanee. Così fece Nizzi con la galleria Sincron; così fecero Alberto Va- lerio, Piero Cavellini e Massimo Minini. Lavorare nel contem- poraneo per questi galleristi poteva significare solo lavorare con gli artisti e Fontana era sì un maestro riconosciuto, ma era morto e la palla doveva passare al mercato d’arte. E negli anni Ottanta fu la galleria La Nuova Città di Alberto Valerio a riproporre Fontana e va a sua gloria aver saputo far acquistare un Fontana - una ceramica che è in mostra - all’al- lora direttore dei Civici Musei bresciani.
Recommended publications
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