March 24, 2009 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 155, Pt. 7 8291 on factual or legal issues of exceptional com- time be yielded back, the motion to (upon a vote of not less than two-thirds of plexity justifying the extension. proceed be agreed to, and that after the the members of the Board of Directors) and (c) Challenges to the voting would have to bill is reported, I, Senator MIKULSKI, be the Board of Governors of the Federal Re- be filed within 5 days with the Board having recognized to call up the substitute serve System (upon a vote of not less than 15 days to resolve any disputes with an addi- two-thirds of the members of such Board), tional 10 days if they find issues of excep- amendment. the Secretary of the Treasury (in consulta- tional complexity. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without tion with the President) determines that ad- (2) Adding unfair labor practices: objection, it is so ordered. ditional amounts above the $100,000,000,000 (a) an employer or union official visits to The clerk will report. amount specified in paragraph (1) are nec- an employee at his/her home without prior The legislative clerk read as follows: essary, such amount shall be increased to consent for any purpose related to a rep- A bill (H.R. 1388) to reauthorize and reform the amount so determined to be necessary, resentation campaign. the national service laws. not to exceed $500,000,000,000. (b) an employer holds employees in a ‘‘cap- ‘‘(B) REPORT REQUIRED.—If the borrowing AMENDMENT NO. 687 tive audience’’ speech unless the union has authority of the Corporation is increased equal time under identical circumstances. (In the nature of a substitute) above $100,000,000,000 pursuant to subpara- (c) an employer or union engages in cam- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- graph (A), the Corporation shall promptly paign related activities aimed at employees ator from Maryland. submit a report to the Committee on Bank- within 24 hours prior to an election. Ms. MIKULSKI. I call up my amend- ing, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Sen- (3) Authorizing the NLRB to impose treble ment which is at the desk. ate and the Committee on Financial Services back pay without reduction for mitigation The PRESIDING OFFICER. The of the House of Representatives describing when an employee is unlawfully fired. clerk will report. the reasons and need for the additional bor- (4) Authorizing civil penalties up to $20,000 The assistant legislative clerk read rowing authority and its intended uses.’’. per violation on an NLRB finding of willful as follows: Mr. CRAPO. Mr. President, today we and repeated violations of employees’ statu- face very difficult economic threats in tory rights by an employer or union during The Senator from Maryland [Ms. MIKUL- an election campaign. SKI] proposes an amendment numbered 687. our financial industries. It is impor- (5) Require the parties to begin negotia- Ms. MIKULSKI. I ask unanimous tant that we consider the possibility tions within 21 days after a union is cer- consent that reading of the amendment that our regulatory authorities do not tified. If there is no agreement after 120 days be dispensed with. have sufficient authority necessary to from the first meeting, either party may call The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without deal with potential financial institu- for mediation by the Federal Mediation and tion failures. As a result, this is not an Conciliation Service. objection, it is so ordered. (The amendment is printed in today’s acknowledgment that anything like (6) On a finding that a party is not negoti- that will happen, but there is certainly ating in good faith, an order may be issued RECORD under ‘‘Text of Amendments.’’ establishing a schedule for negotiation and Ms. MIKULSKI. I suggest the absence the threat and concern in our financial imposing costs and attorney fees. of a quorum. markets as to whether we need to have (7) Broaden the provisions for injunctive The PRESIDING OFFICER. The additional protective authorities. relief with reasonable attorneys’ fees on a clerk will call the roll. The Federal Deposit Insurance Cor- finding that either party is not acting in The legislative clerk proceeded to poration protects against the loss of in- good faith. call the roll. sured deposits if a federally insured (8) Require a dissent by a member of the bank or savings institution fails. It is Board to be completed 45 days after the ma- Mr. CRAPO. I ask unanimous consent that the order for the quorum call be important to note, though, that deposi- jority opinion is filed. tors who have deposits at these institu- (9) Establish a certiorari-type process dispensed with. where the Board would exercise discretion on The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without tions are protected by Federal guaran- reviewing challenges from decisions by an objection, it is so ordered. tees, and these guarantees are, in the event of a bank failure, immediately administrative law judge or regional direc- AMENDMENT NO. 688 TO AMENDMENT NO. 687 tor. protected by the FDIC. It is not the Mr. CRAPO. I send an amendment to (10) If the Board does not grant review or taxpayers but fees and assessments the desk. fails to issue a decision within 180 days after paid by the depository institutions The PRESIDING OFFICER. The receiving the record, the decision of the ad- themselves that cover the cost of this clerk will report. ministrative judge or regional director protection. However, the level of bor- would be final. The legislative clerk read as follows: (11) Authorizing the award of reasonable rowing authority the FDIC has to pro- The Senator from Idaho [Mr. CRAPO], for vide this protection has not increased attorneys’ fees on a finding of harassment, himself and Mr. CORKER, proposes an amend- causing unnecessary delay or bad faith. ment numbered 688 to amendment No. 687. since 1991. At that time, the amount (12) Modify the NLRA to give the court was set at $30 billion. The assets in the The amendment is as follows: broader discretion to impose a Gissel order banking industry under protection on a finding that the environment has dete- (Purpose: To increase the borrowing author- have tripled since that time from $4.5 riorated to the extent that a fair election is ity of the Federal Deposit Insurance Cor- poration, and for other purposes) trillion to $13.6 trillion. Yet the bor- not possible. rowing authority of the FDIC has not Mr. SPECTER. I yield the floor. At the appropriate place, add the fol- lowing: been increased. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who This legislation does two significant seeks recognition? SEC. ll. INCREASED BORROWING AUTHORITY OF THE FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSUR- things. It increases the borrowing au- Mr. KYL. Mr. President, I suggest the ANCE CORPORATION. thority of the FDIC from $30 billion to absence of a quorum. Section 14(a) of the Federal Deposit Insur- $100 billion, approximating the percent- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ance Act (12 U.S.C. 1824(a)) is amended— age increase of the assets under protec- clerk will call the roll. (1) by striking ‘‘$30,000,000,000’’ and insert- tion and the growth in the assets under The legislative clerk proceeded to ing ‘‘$100,000,000,000’’; protection since the original level was (2) by striking ‘‘The Corporation is author- call the roll. set in 1991. The bill also authorizes a Ms. MIKULSKI. I ask unanimous ized’’ and inserting the following: ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Corporation is au- temporary increase in borrowing au- consent that the order for the quorum thorized’’; thority from that $100 billion increased call be rescinded. (3) by striking ‘‘There are hereby’’ and in- level up to but not to exceed $500 bil- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without serting the following: lion based on a process that would re- objection, it is so ordered. ‘‘(2) FUNDING.—There are hereby’’; and quire the concurrence of the FDIC, the (4) by adding at the end the following: f Federal Reserve Board, and the Treas- ‘‘(3) TEMPORARY INCREASES AUTHORIZED.— ury Department, in consultation with ‘‘(A) RECOMMENDATIONS FOR INCREASE.— NATIONAL SERVICE the President. The reason for this addi- REAUTHORIZATION ACT During the period beginning on the date of enactment of this paragraph and ending on tional authority is because of the ex- Ms. MIKULSKI. Mr. President, I ask December 31, 2010, if, upon the written rec- treme difficulties we are facing in our unanimous consent that all postcloture ommendation of the Board of Directors economy now, and we need to ensure

VerDate Mar 15 2010 14:18 Aug 05, 2011 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00019 Fmt 0685 Sfmt 0634 E:\BR09\S24MR9.000 S24MR9 erowe on DSK5CLS3C1PROD with BOUND RECORD 8292 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 155, Pt. 7 March 24, 2009 that the FDIC has the necessary capac- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who not find the job she wants with a com- ity to deal with any such threats. seeks recognition? pany she wants or some other employer This legislation is very important Ms. MIKULSKI. I suggest the absence she is excited about working for, she and urgent. The reason I bring it forth of a quorum. should consider spending maybe not on this national service legislation is The PRESIDING OFFICER. The just a couple of months but maybe a because we don’t have time to wait to clerk will call the roll. year or even two in serving. consider this legislation. It exists in a The legislative clerk proceeded to There are any number of opportuni- freestanding bill form on a bipartisan call the roll. ties to serve in Delaware and through- basis, with Republicans and Democrats Mr. CARPER. Mr. President, I ask out the country. In fact, in some ways in strong support of the legislation. I unanimous consent that the order for the need for people to serve is greater believe there is strong agreement the quorum call be rescinded. than it has been in a long time because throughout the financial industries The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. nonprofits and others are cutting back that this kind of increased borrowing KAUFMAN). Without objection, it is so and there is a need for those who will authority for the FDIC is helpful and ordered. volunteer and step forward and say: an important piece of the solution to Mr. CARPER. I say to the Presiding Here am I. Send me. Or what can I do the problems we face today. Officer, it is kind of ironic that both of to help out? As a matter of fact, one of the rea- us, who are from Delaware, are in the I am not sure to what extent she in- sons it is urgent is not only because we Chamber right now, and I want to start ternalized that message and is going to need to be sure the FDIC is properly off by telling a short story about the go out and look for opportunities to protected or in a position to properly University of Delaware and a visit I serve, but I know there is a great need protect depositors and financial insti- had there not long ago. I was invited, for people who will serve. tutions but also because in order to as my colleague has been invited, to For us, part of the challenge is trying deal with this needed fund, the FDIC is speak to students and to host and be a to make sure those who want to serve currently considering significant in- part of a townhall meeting a month or can identify the opportunities to serve, creases in assessments to our Nation’s two ago. those who want to make a difference in banks. These increased assessments in I opened up by talking to the stu- their lives are given some help and many cases, in some of our smaller and dents for a bit of the time, and then I guidance in getting to places where midsize communities, are creating a took questions or comments from the they can make a difference with their terrific financial threat to the banks, students. I felt one of the most poign- lives. which, in turn, then reduces the poten- ant questions was asked at the end of The thing I like most of all about tial of these banks to engage in lending the session. Most of the students there this legislation—we talk a lot here authority, the type of credit activity were freshmen, sophomores, and jun- about that we ought to be more bipar- we want to see happening. So while iors. tisan. And God knows I believe that. I Congress waits, we see credit being fur- One young lady, who asked a ques- know the Presiding Officer feels that ther restricted by the failure of Con- tion at the end of the session, was a way. But one of the great things about gress to take this action and free up senior. She is going to be graduating in this legislation is that it is about as bi- the FDIC authority. a couple months. The question on her partisan as it gets. Again, another one of the reasons I mind is, frankly, on the minds of a lot I want to take a moment to com- bring the amendment today is because of graduating seniors at colleges and mend a couple of folks who are on the this legislation, even though it is sup- universities inside of Delaware and floor. I see Senator HATCH talking with ported on a broad, bipartisan basis, is throughout our country. I might also Senator DODD. Both of them have been being caught up with other issues in add, it is on the minds of a lot of folks very instrumental in this legislation. I the Senate that could delay its consid- who are about to finish high school or commend Senator MIKULSKI, Senator eration and result in the imposition of who have finished and are still looking HATCH, Senator ENZI, Senator significantly increased assessments on for work. MCCAIN—I do not know if he is a co- our Nation’s banks. That is the cram- The young lady who spoke recently sponsor of this bill. He has been a big down legislation in terms of bank- at our forum at the University of Dela- champion of service over the years. I ruptcy proposals that have been put ware said: I am going to graduate in commend Senator KENNEDY, who I be- forward. May. I am not sure what I am going to lieve was here yesterday. He is a huge Everyone in this body and through- do. She said: There used to be a lot of champion of this legislation. This leg- out Congress and the country recog- employers who came to this campus islation enjoys broad bipartisan sup- nizes that we are having a difficult and other campuses looking for people port. time dealing with very controversial to hire, to come and join them at their I say to my friend from Connecticut: proposals about our bankruptcy laws companies or at their workplaces. She Good going. Thank you for being the which have become known as the cram- said: Not so much of that is going on wind under our wings on this issue for down provisions that may or may not this year, for reasons I think we all un- a long time and for continuing to in- gain support in this Senate for passage. derstand. spire us and encouraging us to go for- I personally think it is unlikely that While I am hopeful and encouraged ward. the cram-down legislation will ulti- this is not a permanent phenomenon A couple years from now—maybe not mately gain sufficient support in the but one that will be short lived, rel- even that long—I hope I run into that Senate to be passed, but regardless of atively speaking, her concerns are jus- young woman again who asked that whether that happens, it is a difficult, tified. I shared with her that when I question at the University of Delaware controversial issue. This legislation, graduated from Ohio State many a a month or so ago. I hope she says to which is not difficult and not con- moon ago I entered a life of service for me: I took your advice. I looked around troversial, is being slowed down by about 41⁄2 or 5 years with the U.S. Navy. and I found a couple of opportunities being tied with the bankruptcy cram- It was a deal I gladly entered into, where I could serve, and I decided to do down provisions. Because of that, it is Navy ROTC. The Navy helped put me that for a year or so. At the end of my imperative that we move forward as ex- through school at Ohio State, and year or so, the job market improved, peditiously as possible, consider the when it was over, I owed the Navy the economy improved, and I went to amendment, and move forward with some years of my life. I was very work for some other employer and this piece of the important reforms pleased to give that time, even in the went on with the rest of my life. necessary for us to properly address middle of a hot war in Southeast Asia. One of the things I look for as an em- the credit crisis and the financial What I suggested to the young ployer, one of the things I look for threats our Nation faces today. woman that day at the University of when there is a downtime, like right I yield the floor. Delaware is that if she decided she did now, a downtime in our economy—

VerDate Mar 15 2010 14:18 Aug 05, 2011 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00020 Fmt 0685 Sfmt 0634 E:\BR09\S24MR9.000 S24MR9 erowe on DSK5CLS3C1PROD with BOUND RECORD March 24, 2009 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 155, Pt. 7 8293 when a lot of people are looking for providing venues and opportunities for uates or to those out of graduate employment opportunities and maybe people to serve our country in one ca- school; we actually begin in this bill by not finding them, and they have some pacity or another. offering you the opportunity to serve space to fill in their lives—how do they I rise this afternoon to offer my sup- as a middle school student, a high fill up that space? How do they fill up port for the Kennedy-Hatch Serve school student, or someone who does that dead time? America Act. Four and a half decades want to go on to higher education. I am always encouraged when I find ago, I was with my parents on a very Maybe most exciting of all, we offer someone who says: I decided to go out cold January 20, not very far from these opportunities to people who per- and work with young people to help where I am standing today, watching a haps have the most to give—the retir- make sure they were going to be suc- young man by the name of John F. ees in our country. The individuals who cessful in life. I worked with veterans. Kennedy, at the age of 43, become the have been at work providing for their I worked with Boy Scouts or Girl President of the United States on the families, engaged in business practices Scouts. I worked in Boys & Girls Clubs. east front of the Capitol. It was a bit- by which they developed their wisdom I mentored. I did all kinds of things. ter cold day—we had a terrible snow- and expertise over the years, and who The idea behind this legislation is to storm on the day before that January have now reached a point in their lives better ensure that those who want to 20, 1961. As a very young boy of 12 or 13 where they would like to share that. serve—maybe who do not have a lot to years of age, I listened to the President What a wonderful opportunity for our do in their lives right now; they have excite a generation to get involved in country to reach out to that genera- some free time they have not had for a things larger than ourselves. I was so tion of retirees and say: Here is an op- long time because their studies are motivated by his remarks, as were mil- portunity for you to continue to make over—we want to make sure they will lions of others, that a few years later a difference. have some opportunities, good opportu- when I finished college, I joined the After I finished the Peace Corps, I nities, to serve. Peace Corps. I traveled to the Domini- came back and served for 6 years in the I will close with this: These are the can Republic, not far from the Haitian Army Reserves, the National Guard. words I actually shared with the Uni- border, where I spent 2 years in the That was a good experience. It was versity of Delaware students the other mountains of that country working very different, obviously, to go off to day. I talked about the sources of joy. with the people in the small village of basic training at Fort Dix, NJ, but We always look for joy. Everybody Benito Moncion in the province of nonetheless a very worthwhile experi- wants to be happy. Almost everybody I Santiago Rodriguez. It was a life- ence. So service covers a wide range of know wants to be happy. There are any changing experience. I came back from activities. In my case, it was the Peace number of sources of joy people turn to that experience a very different person Corps, then it was the Army Reserves, from time to time. than when I had left. and then it was Big Brothers Big Sis- In my own life, I have always found I was joined by millions of others, ters. I was a Big Brother in my State of the best source of joy—the one that who went off and joined VISTA, the Connecticut. So service has been a never goes away, the one that never military, and community action orga- major part of my life. disappears, which always can be count- nizations all across the country. I have I would like to think today that to ed on—the best source of joy in our been asked so many times over the the extent I have made a difference in lives is helping other people, finding years why I joined the Peace Corps. this job, it was affected certainly by ways to give of ourselves to help other Why did other people go into the Ma- my family, first and foremost, but also people. rine Corps, the Justice Department, by the people, whose names will never For those young people in this coun- and serve their country? The reason I be known by others, who had a huge in- try who decide to seize on the opportu- have given over these last four and a fluence on me. People in that small vil- nities that will be provided through half decades is, because an American lage in the Dominican Republic, people this legislation’s enactment, they will President asked me to. It’s not any in my community in Connecticut, peo- have the opportunity to get something. more complicated than that. Someone ple I met in the military service—all Maybe it will provide good letters of asked me to serve, and the thought have shaped me and taught me the les- recommendation going forward. Maybe that someone believed I could do some- sons of how serving each other, making it will provide for a stronger resume thing to make a difference was a form a difference in each other’s lives, can going forward. I think even more im- of flattery, I suppose, but it also pro- make a significant difference for many portantly than that, they are going to vided the opportunity for me to meet more. do a lot of good for folks with their that challenge. It did so by creating In Connecticut, community mem- own lives. They are going to do a lot of the structures that allowed us to step bers, both young and old, are giving good for folks. They are going to help into a program that gave us the oppor- their time. those people who need to be helped, and tunity to serve. In Hamden, CT, older Americans such maybe, as important as anything, the That is what we are doing again here as Mozelle Vann, a retired social work- one who serves will enjoy a sense of today: providing the structure that er, are working to make sure elemen- satisfaction that, frankly, is some- will allow for people today—who are no tary school students don’t fall through times hard to come by. different from any other generation of the cracks—one example, one woman, So I again applaud those who pro- Americans over our two centuries as a making a difference, affecting the lives vided leadership on this bill, and I look Republic—to be asked to serve. People of students who are going to be en- forward to supporting it as we go for- today want to serve, and they have the riched and lead better lives because ward this week. Thank you very much. same desires and ambitions to make a Mozelle Vann is giving something The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- difference for our country in their local back. ator from Connecticut. communities, in our States, and in our High school students in Waterbury, Mr. DODD. Mr. President, let me Nation. CT, are giving back to their commu- begin by thanking my colleague from What Senator MIKULSKI, Senator nities by taking part in the Youth Delaware for his generous comments. KENNEDY, Senator HATCH, and Senator Health Service Corps created by the He has been an advocate and strong ENZI have done with this bill is to cre- Connecticut Area Health Education supporter of the notion of service, and ate the architecture by which when we Center. This organization works with for that I thank him. I also commend ask people to serve, they have a place disadvantaged high school students in- my colleague from Maryland, Senator to come. We have a spot for you. We terested in pursuing health careers. MIKULSKI, as well as Senator HATCH, have a place where you can make a dif- Lord knows we need people to move Senator TED KENNEDY, and Senator ference in our country. That is the bril- into professions relating to health ENZI, who have all been strong sup- liance of this idea. This bill expands care. These students complete rigorous porters, over the years, of the idea of opportunities not only to college grad- training and dedicate their time to

VerDate Mar 15 2010 14:18 Aug 05, 2011 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00021 Fmt 0685 Sfmt 0634 E:\BR09\S24MR9.000 S24MR9 erowe on DSK5CLS3C1PROD with BOUND RECORD 8294 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 155, Pt. 7 March 24, 2009 working with nursing home residents. cans to serve communities with the nizations, we are a richer, stronger, So these high school students, in the greatest need, whether through more vibrant nation because people midst of determining what their fu- AmeriCorps or through the Silver have the opportunity to serve each tures will hold, are being offered the Scholars Program. The legislation also other. There is nothing more grati- opportunity to learn about health care offers Encore Fellowships for older fying, nothing you will ever do that services, making a difference in a nurs- Americans who have already had full, will give you a greater sense of gratifi- ing home that is most likely short- successful careers to lend their profes- cation than knowing you have helped handed, and serving people in that sional expertise and experience to the another human being. Particularly in community. cause of community and public service. times such as these when people are This past year, residents worked with It expands the capacity and builds on struggling—losing jobs, homes, sav- students to create a Martin Luther the success of current senior programs. ings—they want to know if anybody King, Jr., commemorative quilt and to- So I again commend my colleagues for can help. Every single one of us can gether discussed Dr. King’s impact on including that language. make a difference in the life of some- our Nation. And finally, we can’t talk about ex- body else. Providing that opportunity There are as many examples as there panding service opportunities without today, with the structure that Senator are communities and individuals whom talking about the AmeriCorps pro- MIKULSKI, Senator KENNEDY, Senator we represent of people who want to gram, which is the heart of national HATCH, and Senator ENZI have created, serve and want to give something back. service in our country. The Serve is just what we need. So I commend Senators THAD COCHRAN of Mis- America Act will expand AmeriCorps them for it. sissippi, my good friend, and I have of- to include 250,000 members, allowing Let me mention as well that I know fered four ideas to this bill, and I am many more Americans to serve each MIKE CRAPO, the Senator from Idaho, very grateful to Senator MIKULSKI, other. Last year alone, 75,000 my good friend and a very valuable Senator HATCH, Senator KENNEDY, and AmeriCorps members gave back to member of the Banking Committee, Senator ENZI as well, for their willing- their communities, and they brought came to the floor and has offered an ness to accept these ideas. Representa- reinforcements. Those 75,000 mem- amendment, a proposal to deal with tive ROSA DELAURO, the Congress- bers—and this statistic can’t be re- the Federal Deposit Insurance Corpora- woman from New Haven, CT, is the au- peated often enough—those 75,000 tion. Let me say that I support what thor of these ideas in the House of Rep- AmeriCorps members recruited 2.2 mil- Senator CRAPO wants to do. This is an resentatives. lion community volunteers. You talk idea that I believe is necessary. The The first of these we call the semes- about a ripple effect—having 75,000 peo- problem here is twofold. ter of service, giving students a chance ple across our country in AmeriCorps One is, obviously, for this bill, we are to give something back, learning early who then went out and recruited 2.2 hoping to move through without the benefit and the value of volun- million people in their communities to amendments. Members have worked teering, of stepping up and serving get deeply involved and serve those very closely together to construct this your community. The Semester of communities. That is the benefit. bipartisan bill. That in no way dimin- Service Act is one that will allow the Some discuss the cost of the 75,000 ishes the point Senator CRAPO is mak- opportunity for children within the ing. In fact, we are working on another educational system to serve our com- AmeriCorps members, but the fact that they were able to attract 2.2 million bill that includes more than just the munities. This service-learning will Crapo amendment, which will be an im- people to also serve is tremendously take place right alongside math prob- portant addition over the next number worthwhile. Which is why I am pleased lems and book reports. With a semester of days. We are trying to work it out. that in this bill, we increase the of service, we ask our students to not I hear there are some differences. I AmeriCorps education award and peg only consider themselves residents in would say respectfully to my colleague their communities but resources to its increases to the Pell Grant. I again thank the authors of this bill, from Idaho that I would hope he might them. Just as mine did, I have no doubt reconsider offering the amendment on that the younger generation will re- of which I am proud to be a leading co- sponsor, for the accomplishments they this bill for the reasons I have men- spond to that call. tioned, not because his idea lacks have achieved. As I said a moment ago, The Summer of Service Act is also a merit—I support the idea—but if we this bill is creating the opportunity for large part of the bill. The bill provides add amendments to this bill, then it is Americans to serve. Just as when I was our middle and high school students going to make it that much more dif- standing on the steps of the east front unique opportunities to serve during ficult to get it done. the summer months. Already in Con- of the Capitol, 45 or 46 years ago, and Secondly, there is more to do than necticut, more than 5,500 students take heard an American President not only just what the Crapo amendment would part in community service activities ask us to serve, but provided with op- suggest, and that is going to require a linked to academic achievement. With portunities to do so, today we need to little more time to put that together. this legislation, that is something we provide that same structure, that same There is no immediate emergency here. will be able to do across the country. ability for people to serve. They want I have been guaranteed by the FDIC, The bill also includes many parts of to. People are anxious to. It is some- that although they would like it to get the Encore Service Act, a bill Senator thing all Americans take pride in, and done, it is not something—I have been COCHRAN and I authored to help har- it transcends party, partisanship, poli- told—that in the next number of days ness the enormous experience and wis- tics and ideology. People want to serve or so that unless we act, there is a cat- dom older Americans have to offer in our country. We are benefitting from it astrophic event that could occur. But their communities, as I mentioned a in ways we can’t even imagine. We clearly we need to move on this. He moment ago. We have all heard about need to see to it that this generation is and others have my commitment that the challenges posed by the 78 million going to achieve or have the same op- we are going to achieve that, but at baby boomers nearing retirement age. portunities to fulfill that desire as this hour, at this moment on this bill, Yet Americans are living longer and well. I would respectfully urge my col- healthier lives than at any time in our For all of the reasons I have men- leagues, if required, to table this history, and it is time to look at that tioned, this bill is very worthy of our amendment and preferably to have the growing population of experienced, ca- unanimous support, and I hope it will amendment withdrawn so we wouldn’t pable Americans of different profes- enjoy that. This is one of those mo- have to be in that situation. sions and backgrounds as the asset it ments when I think all of us, despite With that, I yield the floor. is, and to realize what a difference it our political differences from time to The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- can make in our country. time, recognize the value of this. ator from Maryland. Together, the programs included in Whether it is in faith-based organiza- Ms. MIKULSKI. Mr. President, before this bill will encourage older Ameri- tions, whether it is in community orga- the Senator from Connecticut leaves, I

VerDate Mar 15 2010 14:18 Aug 05, 2011 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00022 Fmt 0685 Sfmt 0634 E:\BR09\S24MR9.000 S24MR9 erowe on DSK5CLS3C1PROD with BOUND RECORD March 24, 2009 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 155, Pt. 7 8295 wish to thank him for his contribution lanta. Hands on Atlanta is a program our shores but in Africa and on con- and remarks in two areas, both on the of volunteers that addresses the 52 per- tinents around the world. I commend Serve America Act and his comments cent of the young children in Atlanta people such as Senator DODD who have on the Crapo amendment. elementary schools who are not read- given time in the Peace Corps. I ask First, on the Serve America Act, I ing at grade level. Volunteers have the Senate to give its unanimous sup- wish to say on the Senate floor that we been mobilized over the last 4, 5 years port to this legislation. I dedicate this really appreciate the contribution he to give the greatest gift of all—the gift speech in honor of Kate Puzey, to her has made to this bill. When Senator of literacy—and improve the standing life, and what she did as a Georgian KENNEDY and Senator HATCH were of our children. and as a volunteer. She joined the working on it, I know they had three It is no small secret that one of the Peace Corps and changed the plight, goals: how we could reinvigorate na- reasons our school superintendent in the lives, the hopes, and in fact the fu- tional service, how we could refocus it Atlanta was selected the super- ture of children in that small country in a contemporary way, as well as how intendent of the year recently by the on the west coast of Africa. we could reenergize it. national association was because of the God bless the Peace Corps and the I think the Senator’s ideas were some dramatic program of bringing people life of Kate Puzey. And thanks to those of the best, involving middle school into the school system to help uplift who have volunteered and to the com- children and so on. They have been our students. So voluntarism is impor- mittee that has brought this National outstanding. That is no surprise be- tant to us in the United States, and it Service Act reauthorization to the cause the Senator has been involved is important to our reputation around floor of the Senate. with this not only in his own personal the world. Mr. DODD. If my colleague will yield. life—walking his own talk as a Peace Secondly, I support this legislation Mr. ISAKSON. Yes. Mr. DODD. I thank him for his gra- Corps volunteer. I remember when we because I have an affinity for a young cious comments about this young were putting the original national lady named Michelle Nunn. A former woman. My nephew graduated from service bill together, Senator DODD was U.S. Senator from Georgia, Sam Nunn, college a few years ago and was in Afri- the Senator who reminded the com- was a distinguished leader here for 24 ca for approximately a year and a half. mittee that the poor needed to serve as years and served our State well. He is He spent 6 months in Guyana working well. They are not just passive bene- personally a good friend of mine. His with the people there, increasing ficiaries. We always think maybe it is daughter Michelle has dedicated her awareness on issues such as HIV/AIDS. only the affluent and the young who life to the organization of volunteer ef- forts in this country to improve the These are wonderful examples, like the can serve. The Senator from Con- young woman the Senator described, of necticut was the one who said: Wait a plight of other people. She now heads the Points of Light Foundation, start- people who make a difference. minute. Everybody can serve. It ed by George Herbert Walker Bush, The great thing about the Peace doesn’t matter what your age or your which helps people around the country. Corps is not just helping people in a income is. struggling country get back on their I think the original bill was better For Michelle’s everlasting support and contribution to voluntarism, I give her feet but it is the experience of return- because of the philosophy of the Sen- credit. ing home from service. It is the lessons ator. Now we can see that here. It is a I also want to take a minute—Sen- learned that we bring back to our com- philosophy about the empowerment of ator DODD served in the Peace Corps, munities. There are 180,000 of us who people. We thank the Senator for that. and I wanted him to hear this because are returned volunteers since the first On the banking bill, I, too, agree I want to acknowledge his support on group left from the south lawn of the with the Senator. He can offer the this effort, along with Senators HATCH White House to go to Ethiopia, and amendment, but this could sink the and KENNEDY. This past Saturday, I at- how blessed we are with the richness of bill in the process. I hope he will with- tended one of the most moving cere- opportunities here and the lessons draw this amendment and offer it on a monies of my life—moving in a sad way learned. more appropriate vehicle. but also in an uplifting way. I commend my colleague for being at Again, I thank the Senator for his Unfortunately, a wonderful young that ceremony and reflecting on the work today and for his work as a Sen- lady, 24 years old, from Cumming, GA, impact this one individual made, this ator. Kate Puzey, was killed in Benin, Afri- young woman, in service of our coun- The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. ca, on March 11. She was a Peace Corps try. I can’t think of a more compelling UDALL of Colorado). The Senator from worker who graduated first in her class argument on why this bill being offered Georgia is recognized. in high school, was an honors graduate by our colleagues deserves our unani- Mr. ISAKSON. Mr. President, I am from William and Mary, and she stud- mous support. Again, I thank the Sen- glad the Senator from Connecticut and ied French in Paris to learn the lan- ator for his comments. the Senator from Utah are on the Sen- guage that led her to be able to go to Mr. ISAKSON. Mr. President, the ate floor. I rise to speak in favor of the this part of the world and teach this Senator and I are precisely the same National Service Act and to commend poor African nation about agriculture age, and he and I were both inspired by the Health, Education, Labor and Pen- and other skills. She served since July President Kennedy’s inaugural address sions Committee for the diligent work of 2007 and was in the last 2 months of and the establishment of the Peace they did on this reauthorization. her service in Benin. Corps. It is ironic that the next Presi- There are a lot of people who will I went to this service because I felt dent who embraced voluntarism in his poke fun at voluntarism or at pro- moved. I am ranking member of the Af- office happened to be George Herbert grams or say we are always creating rican Subcommittee on Foreign Rela- Walker Bush. So we had a great Demo- new things and spending more. This tions. Paul Coverdell, who served in crat and a great Republican who en- bill, with a bipartisan effort by Sen- the seat I now hold, was a director of couraged us to volunteer to help the ators ENZI, DODD, MIKULSKI, and oth- the Peace Corps. I felt moved that plight of others. It is a great tribute to ers, is to ensure that the 40 programs morning when I got to go to the service this bill and to America. we had under the National Service Act and sit in the back of the room and pay Mr. DODD. It is also not widely are brought down to 24 programs and to my respects to a great American. I left known—Senator ISAKSON mentioned see that meaningful, good programs are having listened to 12 eulogies by young President Bush and the Thousand empowered. people whose lives were changed by Points of Light Program, which he This bill doesn’t pay people to volun- Kate. The acting director of the Peace sponsored—that President Ronald teer. It provides capital for the infra- Corps, Ms. Jody Olsen, delivered a Reagan was a strong supported of the structure for communities to develop beautiful eulogy. Peace Corps, increasing the budget sig- the programs for volunteers; for exam- I realized how much voluntarism nificantly. Loret Ruppe was the direc- ple, Hands on Georgia and Hands on At- means to the United States, not just on tor. I served with her husband, who was

VerDate Mar 15 2010 14:18 Aug 05, 2011 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00023 Fmt 0685 Sfmt 0634 E:\BR09\S24MR9.000 S24MR9 erowe on DSK5CLS3C1PROD with BOUND RECORD 8296 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 155, Pt. 7 March 24, 2009 a Congressman from Michigan. She was The Serve America Act will triple learn even more, and as we move to- a magnificent director of the Peace the oversight and programming for ward 250,000 volunteers under this pro- Corps. Every year of Ronald Reagan’s commissions over the course of the gram, that will be extended to probably Presidency, he supported the Peace next 5 years, increasing participants at least 7 million or 8 million more vol- Corps program. So it is a joy to see the from 75,000 to 250,000. Effective grants unteers, none of whom will be paid for bipartisan support that my colleague oversight and planning by commissions giving this type of service—at least has mentioned. is essential to the integrity of these these 7 million or 8 million. We do pay Mr. ISAKSON. I thank the Chair and new programs. The State commissions people a small stipend that is less than yield back my time. will administer five new corps, five the minimum wage, less than the pov- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- grant competitions, and the Serve erty level, but that extrapolates into ator from Utah is recognized. America fellows program, which is an as many as 7 million people, maybe Mr. HATCH. Mr. President, I thank individual placement program that will even more—we hope more—who will ac- the distinguished Senator from Geor- be administratively intensive but vital tually volunteer at no cost to the Gov- gia. He has been a prime sponsor of this to get members to rural communities ernment and save trillions of dollars legislation. There are very few people and small organizations. over the years. around here I admire any more than I Increasingly, State commissions take This is a conservative program in admire him. He is a terrific addition to the lead role of managing volunteers many respects and it is a liberal pro- the Senate. I am honored that he would and donations in response to natural gram in the sense that it helps so many be on this bill and be willing to speak disasters, which has been particularly people. Conservatives want to help all for it. That means a lot to me, and it important in the gulf coast hurricane these people too. I guess the best thing to say is it is neither conservative nor is going to mean a lot to the folks in recovery and Midwest flood relief. his home State and all over this coun- For example, the Iowa Commission liberal, although it has the best in- stincts of both sides who come together try. It is the right thing to do. I thank on Volunteer Service last year set up in the best interest of helping their fel- him personally for being such a great eight volunteer reception centers, low men, women, and children in this Senator. staffed with AmeriCorps members, that great country. I suggest the absence of a quorum. helped increase and better utilize tra- I suggest the absence of a quorum. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ditional volunteers in Iowa’s historic The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will call the roll. flooding and tornadoes of last summer. clerk will call the roll. The assistant legislative clerk pro- Those centers connected over 800,000 The assistant legislative clerk pro- ceeded to call the roll. volunteer hours to families who called ceeded to call the roll. Mr. HATCH. Mr. President, I ask in for help. These centers became the Mr. REID. Mr. President, I ask unan- unanimous consent that the order for central points for deployment for faith- imous consent that the order for the the quorum call be rescinded. based groups, schools, and businesses quorum call be rescinded. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without that sent volunteers to help. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered. AmeriCorps members often led teams objection, it is so ordered. Mr. HATCH. Mr. President, I wish to of unaffiliated volunteers after train- Mr. REID. Mr. President, I am sure take a moment to discuss the role of ing them to gut and muck out houses, there are others who wish to speak on the State service commissions under as well as clear the miles of debris that the Crapo amendment. However, either this bill and the existing national serv- littered the Iowa landscape. This effort speaking on the Crapo amendment or ice system. One of the things that was was valued at over $13 million by the bill, we ask people to come over very important to me when we drafted FEMA in savings to the taxpayers, and and talk on it. In the meantime, we this legislation was to make sure the it is still going on today. In fact, two of would be willing to set this amendment States were given a primary role in the the centers are being run for the re- aside. If there are other amendments program so we would have 50 State lab- building phase and over 1,000 the minority wishes to offer, we are oratories using this program. We didn’t AmeriCorps members will help support certainly not going to stop them from just want to add a level of Federal bu- the massive rebuilding efforts of this doing that. I think we should get all reaucracy. Time and time again, it has past summer. the amendments we can on this legisla- been shown that State governments I think it is clear the State service tion. are more responsive and in tune with commissions are up to the task of over- So if there are other amendments the needs of their communities and, seeing much of the work that will be people have, there is no stopping them with this bill, we will put that resource done under the Serve America Act. I from offering them. to good use. certainly will be glad to see them take I suggest the absence of a quorum. For those who do not know, State on this much larger role that this bill The PRESIDING OFFICER. The service commissions are Governor-ap- gives them the opportunity to do. clerk will call the roll. pointed public agencies or nonprofit or- I am a firm believer of one reason The assistant legislative clerk pro- ceeded to call the roll. ganizations made up of more than 1,110 why our economy has run so well in the Mr. KAUFMAN. Mr. President, I ask commissioners—private citizens help- past and one reason why we have a unanimous consent the order for the ing lead the Nation’s philanthropic Federal Republic that has lasted all quorum call be rescinded. movement. The Nation’s 52 State serv- these years is because we recognize The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ice commissions currently grant more that with these 50 States, we have 50 objection, it is so ordered. than $220 million in AmeriCorps funds State laboratories to test out these Mr. KAUFMAN. Mr. President, I and $28 million in State-based initia- programs. Then we can pick and choose would like to begin by thanking my tives with State or private funds to which ones are the most successful and distinguished colleague, Senator MI- support citizen service and voluntarism why. It is great to have them com- KULSKI, for her effective leadership in America. peting against each other, having them steering this bill through the HELP In Utah, this role is filled by the setting examples for each other, having Committee while gaining bipartisan Utah Commission on Volunteers, which them open doors for each other. There support. is overseen by our Lieutenant Gov- is a lot to that. This bill basically The strong support this bill enjoys is ernor, a great Lieutenant Governor turns over the effective running of all not surprising given her stewardship named Gary Herbert. They oversee the these funds to State representatives and, of course, the hard work of Sen- work of more than 8,000 Utahans who and to State volunteer movements and ator KENNEDY who brought us to this participate in national service pro- commissions, State service commis- point. grams, including the AmeriCorps, sions, if you will. I would also like to thank Senators Learn and Serve, and, of course, Senior We will learn a lot from this. We HATCH and ENZI for their work on this Corps programs, to mention a few. have already learned a lot, but we will bill.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 14:18 Aug 05, 2011 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00024 Fmt 0685 Sfmt 0634 E:\BR09\S24MR9.000 S24MR9 erowe on DSK5CLS3C1PROD with BOUND RECORD March 24, 2009 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 155, Pt. 7 8297 When we work together across the learning programs that integrate clude rather than exclude, and encour- aisle, the end result is a better bill and STEM are a successful strategy to en- age rather than discourage, tradition- good governance. gage middle- and high-school students ally underrepresented groups from pur- I can think of no bill that better rep- in meaningful hands-on learning oppor- suing a STEM education. resents the values of America than the tunities that also help them meet their The Serve America Act will help our Serve America Act. community’s needs. young people identify those challenges It will expand the opportunities for It specifically allows funds to be used and provide them with real opportuni- Americans to serve their communities to integrate service-learning programs ties to make a difference—opportuni- and their Nation. into STEM curricula at the elemen- ties like improving energy efficiency, It makes me—and I think all of us tary, secondary, and postsecondary working toward energy independence here proud that each year over 60 mil- schools levels and then draw on prac- for America, bolstering disaster pre- lion Americans volunteer, donating ticing or retired STEM professionals to paredness and response, promoting en- over 8 billion hours of their own time, work in these programs. vironmental sustainability, strength- their own lives—to make our country— In this case, electrical engineers ening our education and health care in- and the world—a better place. might participate in a program that frastructure, and improving opportuni- We are in a time of crisis. Right now, helps students apply lessons from their ties for economically disadvantaged in- our country needs those volunteers at math and science classes to expand and dividuals. our schools, hospitals, and shelters improve broadband access in rural These challenges are daunting, yet I more than ever. Nonprofits are doing communities. know that if asked, a new generation of all that they can to help those who Linking the classroom to real-world engineers and scientists will rise to the have lost their jobs, their houses, their applications will help students better occasion. savings, their retirement. understand the role and responsibil- I stand in proud support of the Serve This bill recognizes the need to rein- ities of engineers and scientists in the America Act, as it will inspire multiple force and strengthen this system in a workplace. generations to volunteer and to engage number of ways. The third way that this bill draws on in national service. I recently spoke here in the Senate the expertise and knowledge of engi- Their generosity will not only about the need for our country to reset neers is that it allows ‘‘Professional strengthen America—but the world. I its focus on how best to change the cul- Corps’’ programs to be created. These appreciate my colleagues’ allowing me ture of our economy away from a Wall ‘‘Professional Corps’’ programs will re- the opportunity to explain how the Street profit-first mentality to one cruit and place qualified professionals, service opportunities this bill creates that prioritizes jobs and careers that like engineers, in communities that are also opportunities for our prac- will help our Nation tackle the chal- don’t have an adequate supply of these ticing and retired engineers to serve lenges it currently faces. professionals. their fellow citizens—ensuring that I believe that the vitality of our For example, an employer would that our country’s future STEM work- economy rests with our ability to be sponsor an individual and pay their sal- force is strong enough, diverse enough, the world’s leader in innovation, and I ary to be placed in an organization and motivated enough to tackle the believe this means that we must do that works with the community to greatest challenges facing America. more to attract the best and the conduct green energy audits of local I will close by once again thanking brightest to careers in science and en- public buildings or homes in disadvan- Senators MIKULSKI, KENNEDY, HATCH, gineering. taged communities. and ENZI for their leadership. Those who have dedicated themselves This would not only reduce a commu- Mr. President, I yield the floor and to these fields have much to contribute nity’s carbon footprint; it would also note the absence of a quorum. beyond making our economy competi- help improve public awareness of The PRESIDING OFFICER. The tive; they also contribute to our com- engineering’s critical role in solving clerk will call the roll. munities’ well-being. our Nation’s greatest challenges—like The legislative clerk proceeded to This bill, I am proud to say, recog- energy efficiency and energy depend- call the roll. nizes the important role that engineers ence. Mr. DEMINT. I ask unanimous con- can play in bettering our communities. We must—once again—capture the sent the order for the quorum call be I would like to commend the HELP attention of our students and let them rescinded. Committee for expanding the purpose see the numerous ways that STEM con- The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. NEL- of the bill to include providing service tribute to our economy and can im- SON of Nebraska). Without objection, it opportunities for our Nation’s retiring prove the lives of their fellow citi- is so ordered. professionals, including those retiring zens—in America and abroad. Mr. DEMINT. Mr. President, I wish to from the science, technical, engineer- Just as I decided to study engineer- speak for few minutes on the Serve ing, and mathematics professions—also ing because I was inspired by ‘‘Sput- America Act. I think this is a great op- known as ‘‘STEM’’ jobs. nik’’ and the race to put a man on the portunity to talk about what is good Not only will this allow us to tap the Moon, we must inspire our students to about a lot of the Members of the Sen- unique skills and knowledge of our re- work on issues of critical need as well. ate. I certainly appreciate and applaud tired STEM workforce, but it will The underrepresentation of so many the sponsors of this bill for their good allow us to strengthen the STEM edu- groups in STEM fields is troubling, intentions and know their hearts are in cation pipeline. since diversity is widely acknowledged the right place. Some of my best This bill will send retired engineers to spur innovation and creativity. friends are supporting this bill. But I into communities, classrooms, and Innovation and creativity in turn think, as we look at what is good about after school programs, allowing them spur the development of new products the hearts of many Members of the to share their wisdom and experience and new markets, which are essential Senate, we need to recognize this bill with students. to maintaining a competitive economy. does represent a lot of what is wrong Ultimately, they will help these Engineers and scientists can have a with our Federal Government today—a young people understand not only the tremendous impact on the lives of lot of our philosophies, and a lot of our important role that science and math these traditionally underrepresented departures from a constitutional form can play in their careers, but how they groups by serving as mentors in their of government. can use their expertise in those fields communities. What works in America today is our to solve our country’s—and the This bill will encourage our Nation’s civil society—a lot of the volunteer world’s—greatest challenges. scientists and engineers to work in and groups that many of us have been a This bill also acknowledges that in- with economically disadvantaged com- part of. I know for years I spent more novative, community-based service- munities to ensure that these fields in- time in United Way and a lot of the

VerDate Mar 15 2010 14:18 Aug 05, 2011 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00025 Fmt 0685 Sfmt 0634 E:\BR09\S24MR9.000 S24MR9 erowe on DSK5CLS3C1PROD with BOUND RECORD 8298 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 155, Pt. 7 March 24, 2009 charity groups, being on their boards that? Do you see anything in our his- Civil society is America. It responds back in my community, and I saw what tory as a Federal Government that to needs, meets challenges, and solves the volunteer arts groups and PTAs shows we have the ability to effectively problems because it is free from Gov- and health groups did to build a strong manage something like that without ernment. Because volunteers donate community. Civil society works in extreme levels of waste and fraud and their time and money, accountability America. They are small groups. They abuse? Look what we have done re- is acute. I have seen it. I have sat on a are the true engines of character in our cently with the stimulus plan and the United Way board. Every year we country. They promote service and pa- bailout plans. As soon as it comes to evaluate every program and every dol- triotism. In this time where we have light what is actually happening with lar we have given to someone, and we seen some of our economic institutions that money, people are outraged at determine is it working or can we let us down, we have certainly seen our what is going on. Despite the good in- make it more efficient. Government and our policies let us tentions of this bill, we are creating a If the program is not working, the down, civil society does not let us huge new government entity that will money goes away immediately. That down. It works in America today. be unmanageable and violates some of does not happen here. If the program It is understandable why Congress the core principles of our civil society. does not work here, we add more would want to get involved. We see Every time the Government steps in to money to it. That is going to happen that passion to serve, that desire to do solve a problem, it creates three new with every program we start, including something that is greater than your- problems in its place. the one we are talking about today. selves. We look at that working in our This bill is everything wrong with Projects that do not work in a civil civil society and we want to get in- how Congress sees the world. Govern- society get cut. Organizers who lose or volved and expand it. ment will make service organizations abuse funds are dismissed. It is vol- Unfortunately, our history shows us less effective, less responsive, and less untary. So everyone is invested in its when Government gets involved, it personal. When the French historian de success. We know the large groups tends to take something that is work- Tocqueville came to the United States throughout America, the Boy Scouts, ing and make it not work nearly as not long after we were founded, one of the Girl Scouts, the United Way, the the things that amazed him about our well. Civil society works because it is Salvation Army, the YMCA, Catholic country that was so different from everything Government is not. It is Charities, fraternal orders, groups such France was that in his home country small, it is personal, it is responsive, it as Kiwanis, Rotary, Knights of Colum- when there was a problem, people is accountable. Civil society must be bus. These are large organizations, but would say: Someone ought to do it and protected from any effort to make it they work because they are locally government should do it; but in Amer- more like Government. controlled. ica we were different. When someone That is what we are doing with this Smaller groups, local arts councils saw a problem, they went and got a bill today. This bill centralizes control and community theatres, PTAs, youth friend and formed a small group and of important functions of our civil soci- sports leagues, the animal rescues, the solved the problem themselves. Much ety. There is a downside to good inten- book clubs, crisis pregnancy centers, of that was motivated by religious con- tions here in Government. The Found- soup kitchens, food and other clothes victions that our place in this world is ers created a limited government and drives that go on, church service not only to help ourselves but to love our oath to support and defend the groups, they are everywhere. and help those around us. That was Constitution means that is our focus Those are the little platoons, the lit- key. here. Our oath is to a limited govern- Jefferson called it little democracies, tle democracies that make this coun- ment. The Founders wanted the people when he saw these little groups all try work. For us to presume, in the to be free from our good intentions. around America voluntarily doing Congress, that somehow we are going Government charity is anathema to things to solve problems and make to reach out into all these groups and what our Founders intended and what communities better. Burke called them make it work better is pretty presump- our Constitution stands for. Despite little platoons. Most people who under- tuous based on our history. our good intentions, where we try to stand America know that those vol- Why now? Why at a time in economic implement those good intentions and untary groups are what made our coun- crisis with unimaginable debt and our compassion through the force of try great and what sustain us even spending do we come in and say: We Government, we are effectively vio- today. Civil society binds commu- need to spend another $10 billion over lating our oath of office here. nities, not by its fruits, but by its mo- the next 10 years to create another Well-intended legislation has left tives—charity, donations, giving with- Government program to do something more than half of all Americans de- out thought of getting anything in re- that is already working. pendent on the Government. Today in turn. This is the selfless sacrifice that At the same time, we are talking America over half of Americans get happens throughout America today. about creating this new bureaucracy to their income from the government or a This is what works. replace private voluntarism with Gov- government source. About 20 percent of What does not work is what we are ernment programming. We are actually the country works for the government doing right here. The big difference is cutting some of the incentives for peo- or an entity that gets its primary private service organizations exist for ple to give to charity and for the pri- source of revenue from government. the people who receive the aid. Govern- vate sector to work. The President’s Another 20 percent gets their income ment service organizations exist for budget actually cuts the charitable do- and health care from Medicare or So- the people who give it—in this case, for nations of the people who give the cial Security. Once you add in welfare the people who are paid to do it. You most to charity in this country. So and other subsidies, you make it so cannot pay people to volunteer and ex- look at what we are doing. We are over half of all Americans are already pect the organization to remain fo- making it harder for the private sector dependent on the Government. This cused on its mission. Charity is a pri- to work. bill proposes to spend nearly $6 billion vate, moral impulse, not a government You also look at what we have done over 5 years, which means it will be program. over the years, forgetting that a lot of probably $10 billion, probably more, Government will not and, by defini- private charity and the motivation to over a 10-year period. It will have near- tion, cannot strengthen and replace the serve God and community is a reli- ly a quarter of Americans working for civil society. Volunteerism is some- gious-based motivation. What have we it, which means it will be the 14th larg- thing that works in America. When we done in this country? est company, as far as employees, in think of America, we do not think of We have essentially tried to purge the entire world. Congress and Presidents, we think of that motivation from our country. What have we done here that sug- Little League games and PTA meetings Most public schools, or at least a lot of gests we can manage anything like and bake sales. them, used to sponsor Boy Scout

VerDate Mar 15 2010 14:18 Aug 05, 2011 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00026 Fmt 0685 Sfmt 0634 E:\BR09\S24MR9.000 S24MR9 erowe on DSK5CLS3C1PROD with BOUND RECORD March 24, 2009 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 155, Pt. 7 8299 groups. But after being sued for years that are not prescribed in the Constitu- and needy. Our country depends on because the Boy Scouts have God in tion are left to individuals and to the faith-based institutions to meet needs their pledge and they set standards for States. that they are uniquely equipped to their leaders that some do not agree This is a huge well-intended mistake meet, far better than distant Govern- with, the threat of lawsuits essentially we are making. It serves a point that ment bureaucracies. Unfortunately, means our Government schools have we need to realize this Government churches raised $3 to $5 billion less thrown out the Boy Scouts. needs to stop spending and stop bor- than anticipated in the last quarter of More than half our astronauts, half rowing, stop taxing, and let America 2008, crippling efforts to keep pace with our FBI agents, a lot of the most suc- work. growing humanitarian needs. Other cessful people in this country were Mr. President, I yield the floor. nonprofit budgets are shrinking. Chi- trained in the Boy Scouts to serve The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- cago’s Meals on Wheels, which delivers their community, where their char- ator from Utah is recognized. hot meals to homebound seniors, acter was developed. But this Federal Mr. HATCH. Mr. President, almost trimmed its budget by 35 percent; and Government has forced them out of every group that the distinguished half of all Michigan nonprofits say public places. For years we purged reli- Senator from South Carolina has men- their financial support has dropped. gion from our society. Religion was the tioned is helped by this bill, and every Meals on Wheels is a Federal pro- primary motivation for a lot of civic one of them wants this bill. This bill is gram. It would not exist without sup- groups, a lot of services, a lot of char- basically run by the States. I agree port from the Federal Government. It ities, a lot of hospitals that were with the Senator, they do it better is handled very well at the local level. formed, a lot of schools. than anybody else. These trends are occurring just as But we have said that has no place. As we close today’s debate, I want to need for help is rising. United Way call Because we have unleashed the ACLU take this opportunity to focus on the centers saw a 68-percent increase over and other groups to constantly sue and economic case for national and com- the past year in the number of calls for intimidate groups, that religious moti- munity service, to articulate why the basic needs, such as securing food, shel- vation has been moved, has been Serve America Act makes sense from ter, and warm clothing, and is receiv- purged in many cases. an economic standpoint, and to high- ing 10,000–15,000 more calls every Now we are going to come in and help light why the bill will generate a good month than in 2007. Lorna L. Koci, services director for solve the problem we have created. We return on investment right when the the Utah Food Bank, recently visited want to promote voluntarism, we want country and so many individuals need my office to talk about increasing to promote community service, when it most. needs in my home State. The top three what we have done over the last sev- In today’s environment, every bill we reasons people dial 2–1–1 in Utah to eral decades is essentially tried to de- consider must be viewed through an economic lens. What role does the leg- reach the United Way call center is for stroy the motivation for people to emergency food assistance followed by islation play in fueling our economic serve a cause that is greater than health care and housing needs. In the recovery? How can we cost-efficiently themselves. past 6 months, calls requesting food as- We cannot replace private charity make Government a partner with the sistance have doubled and food pantry private and nonprofit sectors? How can with Government programs. If we try, visits by Utah families are up at least we ensure we support efforts that are a lot of people are going to miss meals, 30 percent. Now you can imagine what effective and shut down those that are suffer cold winters, and leaky roofs. I that is in other States. Utah takes care not? What are the short- and long-term wish to go back to where I started. I of our people. My own church has a effects of what we do? appreciate the motivation, the heart- church welfare plan. No one in my Unfortunately, the economic reces- felt sense of compassion and the patri- faith should go without food, shelter or sion has had a dramatic effect on our otism that I know my colleagues feel clothing. Most of the people served are nonprofit sector and civil society. In in sponsoring this legislation. the working poor, but many families the wake of the downturn, senior cen- But I think we need to come to a are seeking assistance for the first point as a government that we recog- ters, soup kitchens, nursing homes, time. These people were contributors nize we cannot do everything. That is nursery schools, and other nonprofit and are now recipients. At alarming why we take the oath to the Constitu- organizations serving the vulnerable rates, needs are growing in Utah and tion to defend and protect the very have seen a threefold crisis. As the across the Nation. limited form of Government. This Con- markets have fallen, wealth has evapo- Addressing this quiet crisis in our gress, this Government, does not need rated and decimated charitable dona- civil society is a matter of jobs, not to start or expand an organization to a tions. By the way, I do not agree with just charity. The nonprofit sector ac- quarter million people, when we are the President’s recommendation to cut counts for 5 percent of GDP and 11 per- paying people to do work that we de- back on tax benefits to those who give cent of the American workforce, with cided needs to be done and take those to charity. The State and local budget 9.4 million employees and 4.7 million decisions out of the hands of millions crunch has hit the nonprofit sector es- volunteers nationwide. For perspective, of Americans who look around every pecially hard. And the human need for the nonprofit sector is greater than the day and see what they can do to make help from community-serving institu- auto and financial industries combined. their families, their communities, and tions is skyrocketing right at a time It contributes more than $322 billion in their country a better place to live. when their resources are shrinking. wages and its workforce outnumbers These are not Government decisions. One report called it America’s ‘‘Quiet the combined workforces of the utility, We need to focus on what we were set Crisis.’’ I believe that we here in the wholesale trade, and construction in- up to do and do it much better than we Senate should give this crisis more dustries. What happens to our non- are doing, instead of every week com- public attention and ensure that our profit sector will have a big effect on ing in here, bringing our good inten- civil society and our Nation’s volun- our country, both from the standpoint tions and our compassion and every teers, which are the bedrock of efforts of employment and meeting needs of problem we see across the country we to meet needs in our country, remain the most vulnerable in our society. say something needs to be done. Then strong. We need to help give more We have spent a lot of time on the we say: The Government needs to do it. Americans opportunities to do good floor of this Senate discussing ways to That is the fatal flaw of the Congress works in hard times. ‘‘bailout’’ industries and to get our today, is we forget that sacred oath of Research has uncovered disturbing economy moving again. I certainly office that says: We will protect and evidence of civil society’s growing have not agreed with the levels of defend the Constitution which says troubles. Churches, which are typically spending, and I worry about the long- this Federal Government has a very our Nation’s great engines of compas- term effects of our actions on the Fed- limited function. And those functions sion, deliver social services to the poor eral deficit and the national debt. I

VerDate Mar 15 2010 14:18 Aug 05, 2011 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00027 Fmt 0685 Sfmt 0634 E:\BR09\S24MR9.000 S24MR9 erowe on DSK5CLS3C1PROD with BOUND RECORD 8300 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 155, Pt. 7 March 24, 2009 don’t think many of our actions have High rates of youth unemployment monthly living stipend and receive a been wise, in the short term and cer- are detrimental not only to jobless small award to help defray the costs of tainly not for the long term. Thomas youth but to our economy as a whole. college at the end of their year of serv- Jefferson warned of the moral problem An individual who experiences early ice. of leaving a crippling debt to future unemployment is more likely to have In addition to creating jobs at lower generations. With the changing demo- lower future earnings as well as re- cost to Government or the private sec- graphics in this country and the peated spells of joblessness. This is not tor, national and community service growth of entitlements, we are setting the future we want for our young peo- programs and members leverage im- ourselves up for a fiscal crisis of tre- ple. The demoralizing effects of long- pressive resources within their commu- mendous significance. term unemployment may lead to risky nities. These 75,000 national service Yet the economic debate has almost behaviors, such as crime and drug use. participants leveraged 2.2 million tra- completely ignored the platoons of Unemployment rates for college ditional volunteers who receive noth- civil society, those individuals, volun- graduates are increasing. In fact, the ing from government to work on behalf teers and nonprofit institutions in college graduate unemployment rate of meeting the needs of a nation. As I local neighborhoods and communities has broken the record for college grad- stated earlier, that is nearly a 1 to 30 that do most of the social service work uates, and some researchers predict the ratio of national servicemembers to in our country to meet vital needs and rate, which is at 4.1 percent, will ex- traditional volunteers. In fact, this is do it at low cost to governments and ceed 5 percent in 2009. the power of so many nonprofit part- society. Our economic troubles are not just nerships today. There also has been so much talk of affecting the young. Many older Ameri- It bothers me when I hear comments ‘‘bailouts’’ in our debates, let’s just cans are quickly finding themselves such as those recently made on the bail out this industry or that industry. out of work. In January 2009, 5.2 per- floor: We are forcing Government into We need to move from talk of bailouts cent of workers 55 and older were un- everybody’s lives. My gosh, we are pro- to a spirit of challenge in our country. employed, an increase of 63 percent viding a means of support for people— Where is the personal responsibility? from last year, with 1.5 million older without making it the minimum wage Where is the support for efforts that workers now facing joblessness. In Oc- or without giving them welfare—by truly enlist Americans in local commu- helping them become servants and tober 2008, one out of every three job- nities to step forward to lend a hand? servers to the community at a lower less Americans age 55 and older had Our answers are not going to be found cost. Millions are served without any been out of work for at least 27 weeks. in the Federal Government. Our Gov- pay at all because of these programs. A decline in the value of retirement ernment can offer resources, but it can- How can anybody find fault with these funds—nearly $3 trillion from Amer- not love a needy child, offer the hand programs? ica’s retirement accounts over the past of compassion to help the elderly live Imagine placing one national service- 14 months, with the average American independently in their homes with dig- member in a Habitat for Humanity losing 34 percent on retirement hold- nity, or help provide the deft human build. That individual, who organizes touch that gives hope in times of de- ings—has forced many older Americans the building project, recruits, trains spair. to return to the job market. and puts to work volunteers, dozens of So our debates on this floor should Investing in community and national them at no cost to Government, to en- no longer exclude our nonprofit sector service to put America—particularly sure home after home rises to meet the and civil society and the citizens who younger and older Americans—into needs of low-income Americans. It is a stand ready to help in times of trouble. productive work is a low-cost solution great model. And it is not only about No sector, quite frankly, offers more to fight unemployment and a vital increasing the number of volunteers. In bang for the buck and generates a bet- bridge to permanent, higher paying 2007, our national service programs le- ter return on investment than invest- employment in the private sector. veraged an impressive $231 million in ments in our Nation’s most precious Since the beginning of full-time and financial resources to meet local needs. asset—the talents and skills and enter- part-time national and community It is a successful model of a public-pri- prise of our people. service in 1993, an initiative that began vate partnership, where the private Let’s first talk about the important with the Commission on National and participation in the form of resources task of getting Americans into produc- Community Service under President and volunteers together outpaces the tive work. Community and national George H.W. Bush, more than 540,000 public. service efforts target two populations Americans have tackled the Nation’s National service programs also have that have been hit particularly hard by most challenging problems, not been shown to meet critical needs in the economic downturn—our Nation’s through Government, but through an communities. Independent evaluations young people, including college grad- extensive network of nonprofit organi- have shown that teachers in Teach for uates, and older Americans. While un- zations working at the local level. Well America have made greater gains in employment rose for all age groups known nonprofits such as Habitat for math among their students compared during 2008, the increase was dramatic Humanity that builds homes for low- to other teachers; participants in Cit- for America’s young people. And we income Americans, Teach for America, izen Schools show higher school at- know from research that youth unem- which sends bright teachers to the tendance, a significant predictor of ployment rates are a good barometer of highest need communities, and City whether a student will stay on track to the overall health of the economy, Year, which puts young Americans into graduate from high school, and higher since young people typically face the productive work meeting needs in our math and English grades; and third greatest difficulties in finding steady Nation’s cities. graders working with Experience Corps employment, due to their lack of expe- Every year since 2004, thanks to members scored higher in reading tests rience. By February 2008, the overall President George W. Bush’s commit- and exhibited better behavior in unemployment rate had reached 8.1 ment to ramp up national and commu- schools than children in control percent. The youth unemployment rate nity service through his USA Freedom schools. African-American men in for individuals 16 to 19 years old was Corps after 9/11, our Government has Youth Corps programs were more like- nearly triple that at 21.6 percent. In offered 75,000 opportunities to adults of ly to have experienced more employ- particular, African-American youth all ages to serve not through some gov- ment and higher earnings, to have were the most likely to be unemployed ernment bureaucracy, but through voted in the last election, and scored at a rate of more than 36 percent. Re- nonprofit organizations created by the higher on measures of personal and so- member, during the Great Depression, innovation of our people. These public- cial responsibility than members in a we saw rates of unemployment for the spirited Americans who give a year of control group. And 75 percent of former adult population hovering around 25 their lives in service to community and participants in the YouthBuild pro- percent. country are given a below-poverty gram, most of whom are high school

VerDate Mar 15 2010 14:18 Aug 05, 2011 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00028 Fmt 0685 Sfmt 0634 E:\BR09\S24MR9.000 S24MR9 erowe on DSK5CLS3C1PROD with BOUND RECORD March 24, 2009 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 155, Pt. 7 8301 dropouts, had found gainful employ- the capacity to do so. The 77 million Times of trial have always sum- ment, were going to school, or were baby boomers are the longest-living, moned the greatness of the American training for jobs. Research has also best educated, healthiest, and most people. These are such times. Putting shown that participants in Youth Corps highly skilled generation in our his- millions of Americans into productive programs were more likely to secure tory and represent enormous potential work, not through the instrument of better employment after completing to meet significant needs throughout the government, but through the inno- their service and that former members, our country. We should be more cre- vation of nonprofit and other commu- particularly African-American and His- ative in enabling more of them to nity serving organizations, is a smart panic males, had higher wages than serve. way to foster a spirit of challenge in their peers not in the program. As the Nation’s economy continues the country and tap the innovation and These are the programs we are help- to sputter and organizations continue expertise of our people. Government ing; programs that are doing all this to operate on shrinking budgets, volun- cannot stand on the sideline; it has an work for free and making a difference teers will become even more essential important role to play in partnering in the lives of children and families. to the Nation’s work. We need to do all with the private and nonprofit sectors These are the programs that enlist sen- we can to harness this productive ca- to further enable this innovation and iors who would like to give back to the pacity in these difficult times, and release the energy of more Americans community. How can the argument be Americans seem very willing to shoul- to give back in times of trouble. By made that these programs should not der more responsibilities to get the putting hundreds of thousands of be in effect? country moving again. Americans to work in full-time and The economic benefits of traditional The Serve America Act gives our part-time national and community volunteering are also significant. In country a hat trick—it puts Americans service; leveraging millions of addi- 2007, more than 60 million Americans— into productive work at low cost to tional volunteers to help meet urgent or more than 26 percent of the adult Government, meeting the needs of the community needs; fostering innovation population over 16—gave 8.1 billion Nation, and with no new bureaucracy, among the next generation of social en- hours of volunteer service. The cost of since volunteers work through an es- trepreneurs; and engaging nonprofit in- that service, had it been done by paid tablished network of well-known and stitutions in helping to meet chal- workers, would have amounted to ap- trusted nonprofit organizations created lenges in key areas, we can help proximately $158 billion. Volunteering by the social enterprise of innovative strengthen our economy and do some- in America rose significantly after 9/11, people. The legislation also targets the thing this country has always done I believe thanks in no small measure to two populations most in trouble from well since its founding—release the en- the leadership of President George W. the economic downturn—our young ergy of millions of Americans to do Bush, who asked every American to people and older Americans. A new vol- more good works in hard times. give 2 years of service to the country unteer generation fund will tap, train Mr. President, the distinguished Sen- over their lifetimes. Volunteering rose and help deploy more traditional vol- ator from Colorado is in the Chamber. from 59.8 million Americans the year unteers to meet needs identified by I know he wishes to speak, so I will after 9/11, which was a very high base- local communities. We saw the turn the time over to the distinguished line, given that we knew volunteering wellspring of American compassion in Senator from Colorado. would rise in this year, to 65.4 million the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Americans from 2004 to 2005. The story We need more of those efforts every ator from Colorado. Mr. INHOFE. Mr. President, will the here is that America did respond to 9/ day, not just in times of disaster. 11 and sustained the wave of service The bill also creates 175,000 more op- Senator yield? Mr. UDALL of Colorado. Mr. Presi- and patriotism for which the President portunities for full-time and part-time dent, I am happy to yield to the Sen- and we in the Congress had hoped. The national and community service, mobi- ator from Oklahoma. lizing our people to tackle problems Mormon mission—which is often for a Mr. INHOFE. Mr. President, I have a like the high school dropout epidemic period of 2 years in service abroad or unanimous consent request. domestically—was one of the inspira- and growing poverty. These 175,000 I ask unanimous consent that at the tions for the President’s 2-year call to members, if current leverage ratios conclusion of the remarks of the Sen- service. Almost every young Mormon continue, would mobilize approxi- ator from Colorado the Senator from male serves, as do many adults and fe- mately 5.25 million traditional volun- Nebraska, Mr. JOHANNS, be recognized, males. They learn to care for people teers to help in these and other vital then I be recognized, and then the Sen- and give to communities. The spirit of efforts. Together with the 75,000 who ator from Hawaii, Mr. AKAKA, be recog- service remains strong today at around already leverage 2.2 million Americans, nized. 61 million volunteers within the last we could have around 8 million Ameri- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there year. cans participating every year in efforts objection? We clearly have room to grow the to address specific challenges in edu- Without objection, it is so ordered. pool of volunteers and the cation, healthcare, poverty, energy, Mr. UDALL of Colorado. Mr. Presi- ServiceNation coalition, consisting of and the environment. In hard times, we dent, I presided over the last hour and more than 125 organizations from the could use their good works. listened to the speeches about this im- AARP to Colin Powell’s America’s The Serve America Act also fosters a portant Serve America Act, and I felt Promise Alliance for Youth, has en- culture of service among younger and compelled to rise and express my dorsed this effort to increase our vol- older Americans. Service-learning op- strong support for the legislation as unteer base from 61 million to 100 mil- portunities in our Nation’s schools well. lion every year. According to a recent have been shown to boost student at- I am a proud cosponsor of this legis- report by AARP, entitled ‘‘More to tendance and engagement, which in lation, and I want to particularly Give: Tapping the Talents of the Baby turn have a positive effect on keeping thank my colleagues—Senators KEN- Boomer, Silent and Greatest Genera- students on track to graduate from NEDY, HATCH, MIKULSKI, and ENZI—for tions,’’ a majority of older Americans high school. On the other end of the working in a bipartisan manner to are healthy and free of caregiving obli- spectrum, the bill also provides Encore bring this important legislation to the gations, and tens of millions of them Fellowships to older Americans who Senate floor. are prepared to increase their volun- want to use their lifetime of skills and During these challenging times, we teer service in a world they believe talents to help meet the country’s forget that every day millions of volun- they are leaving in worse condition needs. And national and community teers give their time and energy to than they inherited. This may be the service programs will engage not just help others and to make their commu- first generation to believe this and the young, but older Americans in nities more livable. Thousands of re- they want to make it right. They have their full-time and part-time efforts. cent college graduates help educate

VerDate Mar 15 2010 14:18 Aug 05, 2011 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00029 Fmt 0685 Sfmt 0634 E:\BR09\S24MR9.000 S24MR9 erowe on DSK5CLS3C1PROD with BOUND RECORD 8302 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 155, Pt. 7 March 24, 2009 young people in poor and rural schools So we have a great volunteer spirit in choose between paying their heating through the Teach for America pro- this country, and we can do more to ex- bill and putting food on their table. gram. Millions of men and women join pand the opportunities for people who Community service enriches every- together to build affordable homes or would like to give their time to help one who participates—those who are improve health services for those in others in our communities. The bill be- being helped and those who are offering need throughout America through the fore us today, the Serve America Act, their service. Volunteers can change a AmeriCorps program. Tens of thou- does that by building on the very neighbor’s life or transform our entire sands of seniors are foster grand- strong foundation built by AmeriCorps country. parents to our young people or com- and other service programs. I support the mission of this bill. I panions to those who need help with Let me discuss a couple of the impor- commend President Obama as the driv- everyday tasks through the Senior tant elements of this important piece ing force in promoting service opportu- Corps program. of legislation. nities for Americans of all ages. These volunteers, as we have been First, it establishes the Youth En- Mr. President, as I conclude, I want hearing most of this afternoon, are the gagement Zone to Strengthen Commu- to offer some additional remarks that best of what our country has to offer nities program and the Campus of amplify what my good friend from and the very essence of the American Service program. By engaging high Utah, Senator HATCH, said in response spirit. By working together to pass this school students and out-of-school to our good friend from South Caro- bill, we are doing honor to their com- youth in community opportunities, we lina. mitment to civic engagement and pub- can instill a spirit of service in our The Senator from South Carolina lic service. young people that will stay with them came to the floor and expressed his Service to community and country is for a lifetime. concerns about this important legisla- something that has been an important Secondly, the Campus of Service pro- tion. He suggested that civil society is part of my life. Prior to my career in gram recognizes colleges and univer- everything government is not. Well, politics, I served as the executive di- sities with outstanding service-learn- with all due respect to my friend from rector of the Colorado Outward Bound ing programs, and provides resources South Carolina, I could not disagree School. Outward Bound provides par- to support students who want to pursue more. I think civil society and govern- ticipants with opportunities to test careers in public service. So many ment are not mutually exclusive. In themselves—both physically and men- adults who work in Government, non- fact, the Founders designed our formal tally—by confronting obstacles and profits, and other public service careers democratic government systems based surviving the elements. At the same got started because of opportunities on what they learned in the civil soci- time, the school teaches participants they had when they were in school. ety of the early days of our country. to rely on each other for support, as- This program will expand the options Lincoln—probably our greatest Presi- sistance, and to work better as a team available to students, so more young dent, the founder of the Republican to meet all the challenges that Mother people can find rewarding volunteer ex- Party—if I can paraphrase him—said: Nature can throw at you. periences, and so we can increase the What we cannot do alone, we do to- As part of the Outward Bound pro- number of young people who want to gether in self-government to accom- gram, we considered it important to pursue careers in public service. plish. promote volunteering because we be- Third, the bill creates a set of fo- There is an increasing demand clear- lieved it helped strengthen our commu- cused corps: the Education Corps, the ly in our society that Senator MIKUL- nities. Healthy Futures Corps, the Clean En- SKI, Senator KENNEDY, Senator ENZI, Voluntarism also enables young peo- ergy Futures Corps, the Veterans and Senator HATCH have heard and ple to develop personal confidence and Corps, and the Opportunity Corps. want to tap into. Senator ISAKSON was self-respect, to avoid the temptation to I wish to take a minute to address on the floor earlier talking about cre- utilize violence to settle differences by one, the Clean Energy Futures Corps. ating an infrastructure of volunteers instead learning skills and helping oth- In this program, the participants would that this bill would so importantly pro- ers. do a variety of jobs to help make our mote. He talked about that the corps’ I also had the opportunity to work in communities more energy efficient and participants are only paid stipends and the House of Representatives with my to preserve our country’s natural beau- small, cover-your-expenses salaries. So fellow House Member TOM UDALL, ty. These volunteers might help weath- this is not an expensive program for where we introduced legislation to pro- erize low-income households to help the benefits that are generated. mote volunteer efforts on our public residents save money or to help clean The Senator from Utah talked about lands. The goal of our piece of legisla- and improve parks, trails, and rivers. how this is the best of the liberal and tion called the SERVE Act was to en- I was fortunate I was born into a conservative philosophies combined. hance the stewardship of the natural family with a long tradition of working The Senator from South Carolina and cultural resources for the millions to protect our country’s majestic pub- talked about the great French histo- of people who visit them for recreation lic lands so future generations could rian de Tocqueville who identified this and education every year. enjoy the spectacular scenery and out- wonderful spirit in America of volunta- We also worked together to give the door recreation activities we appre- rism way back in the 1820s and sug- Peace Corps the resources to expand ciate today. So I am pleased that Sen- gested somehow that could only be pur- their ranks. After more than 40 years, ators KENNEDY, HATCH, MIKULSKI, and sued through what he called the civil the Peace Corps remains one of the ENZI included preserving our national society. Well, that spirit is unique to most admired and successful initia- treasures as a core principle of the America, I believe, and it is alive and tives ever put in place. The Peace Clean Energy Futures Corps. well, and it can be promoted by civil Corps offers an avenue to better under- I am also very pleased the corps will society, by private society, as well as stand other cultures and to do a better encourage energy efficiency and weath- by this private-public partnership that job of promoting an understanding of erization efforts. Energy efficiency is envisioned in this important legisla- American values by citizens abroad. must play a key role in helping us use tion. Many Coloradans have dedicated energy in a more responsible and sus- In closing, I cannot help but think of themselves to community and national tainable way. If you think about it, the my friend, a mentor, a leader, the Sen- service. For example, Colorado has one most affordable kilowatt of energy is ator from Arizona, Mr. MCCAIN, who, in of the highest levels of recruitment of the one that is not used. This is impor- expressing the lessons he had learned Peace Corps volunteers nationwide, in- tant, especially for families struggling in his life, talked about why he joined cluding my mother, who served in the to get by each week. Energy efficiency the military. And he put it simply. He Peace Corps in Nepal from the age of 56 and weatherization efforts will help en- said in order to build his self-respect, to 61. sure these families do not have to he wanted to dedicate himself to a

VerDate Mar 15 2010 14:18 Aug 05, 2011 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00030 Fmt 0685 Sfmt 0634 E:\BR09\S24MR9.000 S24MR9 erowe on DSK5CLS3C1PROD with BOUND RECORD March 24, 2009 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 155, Pt. 7 8303 cause greater than his own self-inter- port programs which help individuals troduce an amendment which would in- est. That is what this important legis- with developmental disabilities such as crease the funding authorization for lation will do, and it will allow mil- Special Olympics. The care and treat- service programs assisting people with lions of Americans to have that oppor- ment of people with developmental dis- disabilities. I can think of no more tunity, to dedicate themselves to abilities has always been a priority of worthwhile endeavor. causes greater than their own self-in- mine. In fact, it is probably the major My amendment would double the terests. reason I am in public service today. amount of funding authorized under I urge swift passage so we can go to When I was Governor of Nebraska, I the National and Community Service work. made it a priority to reform a piece of Act that is set aside for such purposes Mr. President, I thank you and yield the system delivery in our State. Many and double the limit of such funding to the floor. of these citizens had mental illness and $20 million. It must be the task of all of The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- developmental disabilities. One of my us to care for those most at risk. Help- ator from Nebraska. major achievements was signing a bill ing people with developmental disabil- AMENDMENT NO. 693 TO AMENDMENT NO. 687 into law which increased the use of ities lead productive and fulfilling lives Mr. JOHANNS. Mr. President, I ask community-based services for these benefits our entire Nation and should unanimous consent to send an amend- citizens. thus be a national priority. I hope the ment to the desk. In Nebraska today, these citizens are Senate will agree with me on this and The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without much more likely to receive care at a vote to pass my amendment. objection, it is so ordered. specialized day treatment program or Thank you, and I yield the floor. The clerk will report. other local residential facility. This The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- The legislative clerk read as follows: legislation was a victory for those Ne- ator from Maryland. The Senator from Nebraska [Mr. JOHANNS] braskans and their loved ones who suf- Ms. MIKULSKI. Mr. President, first proposes an amendment numbered 693 to fer from mental illness, giving them a of all, I say to the Senator from Ne- amendment No. 687. chance to more fully participate in ev- braska, I wish to thank him for his Mr. JOHANNS. Mr. President, I ask eryday life and to make a contribution compassion. This side of the aisle, and unanimous consent that the reading of to their communities. I know the other cosponsors of the the amendment be dispensed with. Our efforts to aid the most vulner- Serve America Act, are very much in- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without able among us, though, must be a na- terested in working with him to ac- objection, it is so ordered. tional as well as a local goal. And Gov- complish the goal he so eloquently The amendment is as follows: ernment is only a part of the solution. stated in his very compassionate state- (Purpose: to ensure that organizations pro- There are many impressive private or- ment. I would ask respectfully if we moting competitive and non-competitive ganizations which assist people with could—before I make a request—lay sporting events involving individuals with disabilities, but perhaps none as im- the amendment aside, and the staff on disabilities may receive direct and indirect pressive as the Special Olympics. both sides of the aisle would like to assistance to carry out national service Special Olympics is a nonprofit orga- work with the Senator to achieve these programs) nization dedicated to helping this pop- objectives. We want to be sure we don’t On page 115, line 15, strike ‘‘1 percent’’ and ulation become physically fit and pro- inadvertently negatively impact either insert ‘‘2 percent’’. ductive by participating in sports senior programs or some other pro- On page 115, line 20, strike ‘‘$10,000,000’’ and training and competition. For over 40 insert ‘‘$20,000,000’’. grams for the disabled. Would the Sen- On page 213, after line 21, insert the fol- years, Special Olympics has used sports ator be agreeable to that? lowing: to help bring people together and pro- Mr. JOHANNS. Mr. President, may I SEC. 1613. AVAILABILITY OF ASSISTANCE. vide a venue for athletes with disabil- inquire as to whether the esteemed (a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the fol- ities to compete with each other as Senator from Maryland would be will- lowing: equals. ing to guarantee a determination on (1) Special Olympics is a nonprofit move- But as anyone who has been involved the amendment so we get a resolution ment with the mission to provide year-round with Special Olympics can tell you, it of the issue? sports training and athletic competition in a is much more than just the competi- Ms. MIKULSKI. Absolutely. The Sen- variety of Olympic-type sports for children tion. The camaraderie and the sense of ator will get a determination on his and adults with intellectual disabilities, giv- accomplishment felt by these very spe- ing them continuing opportunities to de- amendment. I give him my word. Is velop physical fitness, demonstrate courage, cial citizens and athletes gives them that agreeable? experience joy, and participate in a sharing self-confidence in every aspect of their Mr. JOHANNS. Mr. President, that is of gifts, skills, and friendship with their fam- lives. This is critically important agreeable. We will work together and ilies, other Special Olympics athletes and work. make sure we are not displacing an- the community. Special Olympics and similar organi- other program and work toward a de- (2) With sports at the core, Special Olym- zations are vital to our fundamental termination. pics is a leader in the field of intellectual national principles of human equality Ms. MIKULSKI. Mr. President, I ask disability, and is making impressive strides and our basic common dignity. It takes in the areas of health, education, family sup- unanimous consent that the Johanns port, research, and policy change for people many volunteers to drive the success of amendment on the Special Olympics be with intellectual disabilities. an organization such as Special Olym- temporarily laid aside. (b) AMENDMENT.—Subtitle F of title I is pics. In fact, when the National Games The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there further amended by inserting after section come to Nebraska next year, they are objection? Without objection, it is so 184 the following: going to need 8,000 volunteers to serve ordered. ‘‘SEC. 184A. AVAILABILITY OF ASSISTANCE. 3,000 athletes, 15,000 family and friends, The Senator from Oklahoma is recog- ‘‘Notwithstanding any other provision of and 30,000 fans who will attend. nized. this Act relating to eligibility, a reference in I am very proud our home State is Mr. INHOFE. I thank the Chair. subtitle C, D, E, or H of title I regarding an taking on the challenges associated (The remarks of Mr. INHOFE per- entity eligible to receive direct or indirect with this sporting event. Special Olym- taining to the introduction of S. 680 are assistance to carry out a national service program shall include an organization pro- pics has raised $1.5 million in private printed in today’s RECORD under moting competitive and non-competitive local funding for the 2010 National ‘‘Statements on Introduced Bills and sporting events involving individuals with Games, which should indicate the Joint Resolutions.’’) disabilities (including the Special Olympics), State’s level of enthusiasm for the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- which promote the quality of life for individ- event. To encourage the American vol- ator from Hawaii is recognized. uals with disabilities.’’. unteer spirit and help Special Olympics Mr. AKAKA. Mr. President, it is my Mr. JOHANNS. Mr. President, I rise reach its goal of 8,000 volunteers for great honor and privilege to speak in today to speak about the need to sup- the 2010 games, I am very pleased to in- support of the Serve America Act. I

VerDate Mar 15 2010 14:18 Aug 05, 2011 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00031 Fmt 0685 Sfmt 0634 E:\BR09\S24MR9.000 S24MR9 erowe on DSK5CLS3C1PROD with BOUND RECORD 8304 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 155, Pt. 7 March 24, 2009 want to thank my dear friend and col- and to teach the value of collaboration and communities. The underlying bill, league Senator KENNEDY, as well as to younger generations. Please join me the Serve America Act, supports the Senators HATCH, MIKULSKI, and ENZI, in voting in favor of passage of the development of public-private solu- for their commitment and dedication Serve America Act. mahalo—Thank tions to problems facing our country. to this legislation, which celebrates you. Some of my colleagues believe that the our national legacy of service and vol- I yield the floor. private sector must solve every prob- unteerism—a legacy which has made The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- lem facing our communities. Many this country great. ator from Montana is recognized. others believe that Government is es- In my home State of Hawaii, children Mr. BAUCUS. Mr. President, in a few sential to solve the same problems. I are taught from an early age the im- moments, I will ask that an amend- believe that we need a combination of portance of nurturing and strength- ment be pending. First, I will speak on the best ideas from both. That is the ening bonds between people. Each the amendment. spirit behind this amendment. member of an ‘Ohana—or extended Mr. President, I rise today to offer an I hear from folks in my home State family—is expected to make a con- amendment that will strengthen small of Montana on a weekly basis in sup- tribution—no matter how great or charities around our country, espe- port of this idea. small—and to use their unique talents cially in places where resources are The National Council of Nonprofits, to benefit the community. Through scarce. Independent Sector, and the Alliance this legislation we can increase this My amendment will create a ‘‘Non- for Children and Families have voiced same sense of community responsi- profit Capacity Building Program.’’ I their strong support for this amend- bility throughout the Nation. am pleased to have worked with my ment. In my role as chairman of the Home- colleague Senator GRASSLEY to develop I urge my colleagues to vote in favor land Security Subcommittee on the this program. I have worked with Sen- of the Baucus-Grassley nonprofit ca- Oversight of Government Management, ator GRASSLEY for several years on pacity building amendment. the Federal Workforce, and the Dis- oversight of tax-exempt organizations AMENDMENT NO. 692 TO AMENDMENT NO. 687 trict of Columbia, I have advocated for and efforts to strengthen the nonprofit Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- programs and policies that encourage sector. sent that the pending amendment be talented young people to join the Fed- Our amendment will connect Govern- temporarily set aside so I may call up eral workforce. As we work to increase ment funds with private-sector funds my amendment No. 692. opportunities for national and commu- to provide education and training to The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without nity service, it is worth emphasizing small and midsize charities. objection, it is so ordered. that Federal Government service is a Small charities around our country The clerk will report. valuable way to contribute. serve people in need of food or clothing, The assistant legislative clerk read I am pleased that this bill includes run afterschool programs, provide as follows: language that encourages post-sec- housing counseling, and other services The Senator from Montana [Mr. BAUCUS], ondary students to pursue careers in that are vital to our communities. But for himself and Mr. GRASSLEY, proposes an amendment numbered 692 to amendment No. public service through the Campuses of in many cases, these small charities 687. Service program. By supporting efforts lack access to education opportunities Mr. BAUCUS. Mr. President, I ask to develop and implement models of where they might learn how to manage unanimous consent that reading of the service-learning, the Campuses of Serv- the charity’s finances, fundraise effec- amendment be dispensed with. ice programs will help us build a new tively, accurately file tax forms, adopt The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without generation of public servants in the new computer programs or plan a long- objection, it is so ordered. Federal workforce. This will help us term budget. The amendment is as follows: prevent a future leadership gap as more In nonprofit circles, folks would say (Purpose: To establish a Nonprofit Capacity of our Nation’s long-serving, dedicated these small nonprofits lack ‘‘capacity,’’ Building Program) Federal employees become retirement and training in these areas is called On page 297, between lines 16 and 17, insert eligible. ‘‘capacity-building.’’ the following: As chairman of the Veterans Affairs Our amendment will add $5 million SEC. ll. NONPROFIT CAPACITY BUILDING PRO- Committee, I am supportive of the pro- per year over 5 years to the budget of GRAM. vision in this Serve America Act that the Corporation for National and Com- Subtitle H of title I (42 U.S.C. 12653 et seq.) creates a Veterans Corps. This program munity Service to make matching is amended by adding at the end the fol- will help our nation’s veterans—mem- grants to larger organizations so they lowing: bers of our Armed Services—and their will, in turn, provide training to small ‘‘PART V—NONPROFIT CAPACITY families through the creation of com- and midsize charities throughout their BUILDING PROGRAM munity-based programs designed to ad- State or region. ‘‘SEC. 198S. NONPROFIT CAPACITY BUILDING. ‘‘(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: dress their unique needs. This is a These kinds of training opportunities ‘‘(1) INTERMEDIARY NONPROFIT GRANTEE.— great way to give back to the commu- are especially rare for charities located The term ‘intermediary nonprofit grantee’ nity: to assist the men and women who in rural areas. Folks running a charity means an intermediary nonprofit organiza- have bravely risked their lives in de- in a rural area may never have the tion that receives a grant under subsection fense of our Nation, by providing com- chance to attend a grant-writing train- (b). fort to their families while their loved ing or a class on nonprofit budget man- ‘‘(2) INTERMEDIARY NONPROFIT ORGANIZA- ones are deployed, or by helping dis- agement. TION.—The term ‘intermediary nonprofit or- abled veterans back home. I am also That is why our amendment states ganization’ means an experienced and capa- ble nonprofit entity with meaningful prior pleased that the Veterans Corps will that nonprofit training opportunities experience in providing organizational devel- encourage our veterans to become vol- should be targeted at charities in areas opment assistance, or capacity building as- unteers themselves. As former mem- with these resource challenges. sistance, focused on small and midsize non- bers of our military, these dedicated The amendment also requires the profit organizations. men and women have gained experi- grants to be dollar-for-dollar matching ‘‘(3) NONPROFIT.—The term ‘nonprofit’, ence and skills that can be used to ben- grants. The match must come from used with respect to an entity or organiza- efit our Nation through community non-Federal sources, such as private tion, means— service. foundations or corporate giving pro- ‘‘(A) an entity or organization described in In Hawaii, we have a saying, ’a’ohe grams. It is important that both the section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from taxation under sec- hana nui ke alu ’ia, which means that Federal Government and the private tion 501(a) of such Code; and no task is too big when done together sector pitch in to provide this support. ‘‘(B) an entity or organization described in by all. This bill helps create opportuni- Government and private giving must paragraph (1) or (2) of section 170(c) of such ties for all of us to work together now coordinate better in support of people Code.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 14:18 Aug 05, 2011 Jkt 059102 PO 00000 Frm 00032 Fmt 0685 Sfmt 0634 E:\BR09\S24MR9.001 S24MR9 erowe on DSK5CLS3C1PROD with BOUND RECORD March 24, 2009 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 155, Pt. 7 8305 ‘‘(4) STATE.—The term ‘State’ means each fined in section 509(a) of the Internal Rev- MORNING BUSINESS of the several States, and the District of Co- enue Code of 1986), a donor advised fund (as lumbia. defined in section 4966(d)(2) of such Code), an Ms. MIKULSKI. Madam President, I ‘‘(b) GRANTS.—The Corporation shall estab- organization which is described in section ask unanimous consent that the Sen- lish a Nonprofit Capacity Building Program 4966(d)(4)(A)(i) of such Code, or an organiza- ate proceed to a period for the trans- to make grants to intermediary nonprofit or- tion which is described in section action of morning business, with Sen- ganizations to serve as intermediary non- 4966(d)(4)(B) of such Code, the grantee shall ators permitted to speak for up to 10 profit grantees. The Corporation shall make provide the non-Federal share from within minutes each. the grants to enable the intermediary non- that grantee’s own funds. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without profit grantees to pay for the Federal share ‘‘(iii) MAINTENANCE OF EFFORT, PRIOR YEAR of the cost of delivering organizational de- objection, it is so ordered. THIRD-PARTY FUNDING LEVELS.—For purposes Ms. MIKULSKI. Madam President, I velopment assistance, including training on of maintaining private sector support levels best practices, financial planning, for the activities specified by this program, a suggest the absence of a quorum. grantwriting, and compliance with the appli- non-Federal share that includes donations by The PRESIDING OFFICER. The cable tax laws, for small and midsize non- third parties shall be composed in a way that clerk will call the roll. profit organizations, especially those non- does not decrease prior levels of funding The assistant legislative clerk pro- profit organizations facing resource hardship from the same third parties granted to the ceeded to call the roll. challenges. Each of the grantees shall match nonprofit intermediary grantee in the pre- Mr. LAUTENBERG. Madam Presi- the grant funds by providing a non-Federal ceding year. share as described in subsection (f). dent, I ask unanimous consent that the ‘‘(g) RESERVATION.—Of the amount author- order for the quorum call be rescinded. ‘‘(c) AMOUNT.—To the extent practicable, ized to provide financial assistance under the Corporation shall make such a grant to this subtitle, there shall be made available The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without an intermediary nonprofit organization in to carry out this section $5,000,000 for each of objection, it is so ordered. each State, and shall make such grant in an fiscal years 2010 through 2014.’’. (The remarks of Mr. LAUTENBERG amount of not less than $200,000. pertaining to the introduction of S. 685 ‘‘(d) APPLICATION.—To be eligible to re- Mr. BAUCUS. Mr. President, I hope ceive a grant under this section, an inter- Senators will support this at the appro- are printed in today’s RECORD under mediary nonprofit organization shall submit priate time. Pending that moment, I ‘‘Statements on Introduced Bills and an application to the Corporation at such yield the floor. Joint Resolutions.’’) time, in such manner, and containing such The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Mr. LAUTENBERG. Madam Presi- information as the Corporation may require. ator from Maryland is recognized. dent, I suggest the absence of a The intermediary nonprofit organization Ms. MIKULSKI. Mr. President, I quorum. shall submit in the application information compliment the Senator from Montana The PRESIDING OFFICER. The demonstrating that the organization has se- on his amendment. I understand his clerk will call the roll. cured sufficient resources to meet the re- quirements of subsection (f). amendment is also a bipartisan amend- The bill clerk proceeded to call the ‘‘(e) PREFERENCE AND CONSIDERATIONS.— ment; is that correct? roll. ‘‘(1) PREFERENCE.—In making such grants, Mr. BAUCUS. Yes, that is correct. Mr. NELSON of Florida. I ask unani- the Corporation shall give preference to Ms. MIKULSKI. Both he and the Sen- mous consent that the order for the intermediary nonprofit organizations seek- ator from Iowa, Mr. GRASSLEY, are co- quorum call be rescinded. ing to become intermediary nonprofit grant- sponsors. I believe the Senator’s The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. ees in areas where nonprofit organizations amendment has identified a very spe- TESTER). Without objection, it is so or- face significant resource hardship chal- cific need, particularly for the small, dered. lenges. primarily rural organizations that f ‘‘(2) CONSIDERATIONS.—In determining sometimes are not looked at when we whether to make a grant the Corporation NATIONAL SERVICE shall consider— do a big national framework. I want to ‘‘(A) the number of small and midsize non- be as supportive as I can of the Sen- Mr. NELSON of Florida. Mr. Presi- profit organizations that will be served by ator’s amendment. I want to examine dent, we can all be proud that we live the grant; it more closely. In order to follow the in a country where citizens volunteer ‘‘(B) the degree to which the activities pro- framework, I need to discuss it with to serve their Nation. We can see this posed to be provided through the grant will my colleague, Senator HATCH, and also especially after any tragedy, be it na- assist a wide number of nonprofit organiza- Senator ENZI of Wyoming. As many tional, be it local, how our citizenry re- tions within a State, relative to the proposed know, Senator ENZI has been trapped amount of the grant; and sponds. in a snowstorm. He will be here tomor- I am heartened to see the number of ‘‘(C) the quality of the organizational de- row. We will have a chance to review velopment assistance to be delivered by the young people responding to serve. intermediary nonprofit grantee, including this and determine our ability to work There is quite a contrast I have seen in the qualifications of its administrators and with the Senator from Montana and the young people today and what we representatives, and its record in providing the Senator from Iowa to see whether have seen over the last several decades. services to small and midsize nonprofit orga- we can find some comity to adopt the If we go back as far as my generation, nizations. amendment. I thank them for their four decades ago, we were very inter- ‘‘(f) FEDERAL SHARE.— spirit of bipartisanship. We will con- ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Federal share of the ested in public service. We wanted to tinue to follow that same framework. be public servants. We wanted to con- cost as referenced in subsection (b) shall be Mr. BAUCUS. I deeply thank the tribute something to our country. It 50 percent. Senator from Maryland, who is a ‘‘(2) NON-FEDERAL SHARE.— was very attractive, as a young person strong advocate for Serve America, a ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The non-Federal share growing up, to want to go into govern- wonderful program. I think this will of the cost as referenced in subsection (b) ment and serve the public that way. We make it a little better. It is bipartisan, shall be 50 percent and shall be provided in were inspired by a young President, as she said. This helps more people. I cash. President Kennedy. ‘‘(B) THIRD PARTY CONTRIBUTIONS.— thank the Senator. Then along came those events that so ‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in I yield the floor and suggest the ab- clause (ii), an intermediary nonprofit grant- sence of a quorum. soured so many of our young people— ee shall provide the non-Federal share of the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The first of all, the split in the Nation over cost through contributions from third par- clerk will call the roll. an unpopular war, Vietnam. We had ties. The third parties may include chari- The assistant legislative clerk pro- three major assassinations over a short table grantmaking entities and grantmaking ceeded to call the roll. period, including two brothers of one vehicles within existing organizations, enti- Ms. MIKULSKI. Madam President, I family. Then this Nation went through ties of corporate philanthropy, corporations, the process of the resignation of a individual donors, and regional, State, or ask unanimous consent that the order local government agencies, or other non- for the quorum call be rescinded. President. That was about the time of Federal sources. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mrs. a lot of the protests and the drug cul- ‘‘(ii) EXCEPTION.—If the intermediary non- MCCASKILL). Without objection, it is so ture. It was a tough time. There was a profit grantee is a private foundation (as de- ordered. lot of cynicism bred out of that time. A

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