DOCSLIB.ORG

Ethiopia Pastoralist Areas Resilience Improvement and Market Expansion (PRIME) Project Impact Evaluation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ethiopia Pastoralist Areas Resilience Improvement and Market Expansion (PRIME) Project Impact Evaluation Ethiopia Pastoralist Areas Resilience Improvement and Market Expansion (PRIME) Project Impact Evaluation Baseline Survey Report Volume 1: Main Report January 2015 This report was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by Lisa Smith, Tim Frankenberger, Ben Langworthy, Stephanie Martin, Tom Spangler, Suzanne Nelson, and Jeanne Downen for the Feed the Future FEEDBACK project. The authors' views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or of the United States Government. Prepared for the U.S. Agency for International Development, USAID Contract Number GS-23F-8144H/AID-OAA-M-12-00006, Feed the Future FEEDBACK Contact: Detra Robinson, MA, PMP, Chief of Party Westat 1600 Research Boulevard Rockville, MD 20850 Tel: 301-738-3653 Email: [email protected] Acknowledgements TANGO would like to thank numerous individuals for the support they provided to this PRIME baseline. They include Emily Hogue and Tiffany Griffin (Bureau for Food Security, USAID), Cullen Hughes (USAID/Ethiopia), Mohamed Abdinoor (USAID/Ethiopia), Semachew Kassahun (USAID/Ethiopia), Greg Collins (USAID), Farzana Ramzan (Bureau for Food Security, USAID), Ato Biratu Yigezu (deputy director general, Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia), Ato Habe Kiristos (director, Agricultural and Natural Resources Directorate, Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia), Amin Yusef (vice president of development affairs, Somali Regional State), Alemayehu Seyoum Taffesse (International Food Policy Research Institute/Ethiopia), and Ben Watkins (Kimetrica). We are indebted to the staff from Mercy Corps Ethiopia, including Karri Byrne, Jeton Starova, Mohamed S. Ali, Abdulkadir Jemel, Mayan S. Ali, and Olga Petryniak. We also wish to thank Steve Durako, Detra Robinson, Rodney Knight, Tom Scialfa, and Jason Ives of Westat for their assistance. In addition, we wish to give great thanks to Ato Zenagebril Degu and his staff at Green Professionals Services for their tireless work in collecting the data and supporting the logistics for this survey. Last, we wish to thank all of the gracious people in the kebeles and towns that took the time to be interviewed for this survey. Tim Frankenberger, President TANGO International Table of Contents Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................. i Acronyms ............................................................................................................................... i Executive Summary ................................................................................................................ ii Chapter 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Feed the Future and FEEDBACK Overview ........................................ 1 1.2 Description of the PRIME Project .......................................................... 1 1.3 General Overview of the Project Area Within the Broader Ethiopia Context ................................................................................. 4 1.4 What Is Resilience? ..................................................................................... 5 1.5 The PRIME IE: Objectives and Research Questions ........................... 5 1.6 Baseline Survey Objectives ........................................................................ 6 1.7 Organization of the Report ....................................................................... 6 Chapter 2. Methodology ......................................................................................................... 7 2.1 Data Collection ............................................................................................ 7 Objectives of the Data Collection ..................................................... 7 Quantitative Survey Instruments ....................................................... 7 Qualitative Survey Instruments ......................................................... 8 Survey Sampling Design ..................................................................... 9 Enumerator Training, Field Schedule, and Details of the Qualitative Data Collection ............................................. 11 Challenges Encountered During Training and Data Collection ........................................................................... 13 Country Approvals Obtained and Respondent Informed Consent ............................................................................... 14 2.2 Analysis of the Quantitative Data .......................................................... 14 Descriptive Analysis .......................................................................... 14 Multivariate Analysis ......................................................................... 16 2.3 Analysis of the Qualitative Data ............................................................. 18 2.4 Integration of Quantitative and Qualitative Analyses ......................... 18 Chapter 3. Household and Community Livelihood Environment ............................... 19 3.1 Demographic and Housing Characteristics .......................................... 20 3.2 Livelihood Activities ................................................................................. 24 3.3 Migration Patterns .................................................................................... 25 3.4 Livestock Ownership and Access to Land ........................................... 27 3.5 Livestock Production and Marketing System ....................................... 30 3.6 Differences in Results by PRIME IE Intervention Group ................ 42 Chapter 4. Well-Being Outcomes: Poverty, Food Insecurity, and Child Malnutrition ...................................................................................................... 44 4.1 Poverty ........................................................................................................ 44 4.2 Food Insecurity ......................................................................................... 48 Consumption Indicators ................................................................... 48 Experiential Indicators ...................................................................... 49 4.3 Child Malnutrition .................................................................................... 54 4.4 Differences in Results by PRIME IE Intervention Group ................ 56 Chapter 5. Shock Exposure ................................................................................................. 58 5.1 Types of Shocks Experienced in the Previous Year ............................ 58 5.2 Perceived Severity of Shocks and Shock Exposure Index ................. 60 5.3 Differences in Results by PRIME IE Intervention Group ................ 62 Chapter 6. Resilience Capacity ............................................................................................ 64 6.1 Past Shocks: Ability to Recover and Coping Strategies ...................... 64 6.2 Psychosocial Measures of Resilience Capacity: Aspirations and Confidence to Adapt ................................................................. 71 6.3 Social Capital .............................................................................................. 75 6.4 Livelihood Diversification ....................................................................... 82 6.5 Ownership of Productive Assets and Access to Financial Resources ............................................................................................ 83 6.6 Access to Markets, Services, and Infrastructure .................................. 88 6.7 Access to Information .............................................................................. 93 6.8 Availability of Disaster Planning and Response Services ................... 96 6.9 Indexes of Household Resilience Capacity: Absorptive Capacity, Adaptive Capacity, and Transformative Capacity ............................................................................................... 97 6.10 Community Resilience ......................................................................... 103 6.11 Differences in Results by PRIME IE Intervention Group ............ 106 Chapter 7. Links Between Shock Exposure, Resilience Capacities, and Well- Being Outcomes ............................................................................................ 109 7.1 Links Between Well-Being Outcomes and Shock Exposure ........... 110 7.2 Links Between Well-Being Outcomes and Resilience Capacity ...... 112 7.3 Does Greater Household Resilience Capacity Reduce the Negative Impact of Shocks on Well-Being Outcomes? ............ 115 Chapter 8. Conclusion: Key Findings and Next Steps .................................................. 119 Key Findings .................................................................................................. 119 Next Steps ...................................................................................................... 121 Appendix 1. Calculation of Measures of Resilience ....................................................... 123 A1.1 Index of Perceived past shocks…………………………...…123 A1.2 Index of Aspirations and Confidence to Adapt .......................... 125 A1.3 Indexes of Bonding, Bridging, and Linking Social Capital ....... 126 A1.4 Index of Absorptive Capacity .......................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Achieving Water Security: Lessons from Research in Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene in Ethiopia, Practical Action Publishing, Rugby
    Achieving Water Security Praise for the book ‘Water security matters, and it matters most to the most vulnerable individuals, households, communities and nations. Ethiopia is home to many millions of people who are anything but water-secure. This publication shines a light on such people, and it provides numerous inter-disciplinary insights into the causes of water insecurity and into some of the measures which are needed to relieve that insecurity. There are too few research programmes of this type which focus on situations of real need in the world, and which grapple with the difficult issues associated with the relief of poverty and vulnerability. I warmly welcome this contribution to the literature, and hope that this work will inform the practices and policies of government and development part- ners in Ethiopia.’ Richard C. Carter, Visiting Professor, Cranfield University, UK ‘Consolidating these findings from the RiPPLE programme into a single volume to address water security in Ethiopia has generated an essential primer and benchmark in realizing domestic water supply and sanitation in Africa’s second most populous country. Being informed by five years of research and learning, this is a valuable insight into a critical dimension of Ethiopia’s future security.’ Melvin Woodhouse, Associate Director, LTS International, UK Achieving Water Security Lessons from research in water supply, sanitation and hygiene in Ethiopia Edited by Roger Calow, Eva Ludi and Josephine Tucker Practical Action Publishing Ltd The Schumacher Centre Bourton on Dunsmore, Rugby, Warwickshire CV23 9QZ, UK www.practicalactionpublishing.org Copyright © Overseas Development Institute, 2013 ISBN 978 1 85339 7639 Hardback ISBN 978 1 85339 7646 Paperback ISBN 978 1 78044 763 6 Library Ebook ISBN 978 1 78044 764 3 Ebook All rights reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • Urban Planning and Everyday Urbanisation
    Nadine Appelhans Urban Planning and Everyday Urbanisation Urban Studies Nadine Appelhans (PhD) completed her doctoral studies at HafenCity University in Hamburg and is now a post-doctoral researcher at TU Dortmund University. Nadine Appelhans Urban Planning and Everyday Urbanisation A Case Study on Bahir Dar, Ethiopia Diese Arbeit wurde 2015 als Dissertationsschrift an der HafenCity Universität Hamburg vorgelegt. An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libraries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high quality books Open Access for the public good. The Open Access ISBN for this book is 978-3-8394-3715-5. More information about the initiative and links to the Open Access version can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Na- tionalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoD- erivatives 4.0 (BY-NC-ND) which means that the text may be used for non-commercial purposes, provided credit is given to the author. For details go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ To create an adaptation, translation, or derivative of the original work and for commer- cial use, further permission is required and can be obtained by contacting rights@ transcript-verlag.de Creative Commons license terms for re-use do not apply to any content (such as graphs, figures, photos, excerpts, etc.) not original to the Open Access publication and further permission may be required from the rights holder.
    [Show full text]
  • Vegetable Trade Between Self-Governance and Ethnic Entitlement in Jigjiga, Ethiopia
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Gebresenbet, Fana Working Paper Perishable state-making: Vegetable trade between self-governance and ethnic entitlement in Jigjiga, Ethiopia DIIS Working Paper, No. 2018:1 Provided in Cooperation with: Danish Institute for International Studies (DIIS), Copenhagen Suggested Citation: Gebresenbet, Fana (2018) : Perishable state-making: Vegetable trade between self-governance and ethnic entitlement in Jigjiga, Ethiopia, DIIS Working Paper, No. 2018:1, ISBN 978-87-7605-911-8, Danish Institute for International Studies (DIIS), Copenhagen This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/179454 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under
    [Show full text]
  • Eastern Ethiopia
    ©Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd Eastern Ethiopia Why Go? Debre Zeyit ....................174 Most of Eastern Ethiopia is a stark landscape of dust-stained Awash National Park .....176 acacia scrub and forgettable towns. But scattered around Awash to Asaita .............178 this cloak of the commonplace are gems of genuine ad- Asaita ............................ 180 venture. Undoubtedly, the east’s pièce de résistance is the walled city of Harar. There’s still a patina of myth about this Dire Dawa ......................181 ancient town, handed down from the days when its markets Around Dire Dawa ........ 184 served as the Horn’s commercial hub and attracted powerful Harar ............................. 184 merchants, artisans and Islamic scholars. The colonial-rural Around Harar.................193 melange that is the modern city of Dire Dawa delights in its Jijiga ............................. 194 own odd way, while nature lovers can get their kicks at Ba- bille Elephant Sanctuary and Awash National Park, where the volcanic landscape takes top billing over the wildlife. The truly intrepid can follow the seemingly endless ribbon Best of Culture of asphalt north to the desolate southern Danakil Desert; » Harar’s old walled city the territory remains virtually unexplored since legendary (p 185 ) adventurer Wilfred Thesiger first thrilled the world with » Harar’s cultural guest- tales of the proud Afar. houses (p 190 ) » Koremi (p 193 ) When to Go » Dire Dawa’s markets (p 189 ) Harar °C/°F Te m p Rainfall inches/mm 30/86 6/150 Best of Nature 20/68 » Babille Elephant 4/100 Sanctuary (p 193 ) 10/50 2/50 » Hyena Feeding (p 189 ) 0/32 » Fantale Crater (p 176 ) -10/14 0 » Valley of Marvels (p 194 ) J FDAJJMAM OS N May-Sep Rainy Sep The seem- Nov-Jan Driest and hot season ingly barren months; best to sends lowland Asaita road is see elephants at temperatures up painted yellow by Babille and the to 45°C.
    [Show full text]
  • Dire Dawa Millennium Park
    IOM SITE MANAGEMENT SITE PROFILE - ETHIOPIA, DIRE DAWA SUPPORT Dire Dawa Millennium Park (January 2020) Publication: 01 February 2020 ETHIOPIA IOM OIM Context The residents of Millennium Park IDP site are Somali IDPs who fled their areas of origin in Oromia. The site, which is located on Current Priority Needs land slated for development by the Dire Dawa Municipality, with World Bank funding, is included in the Somali Regional Govern- Site Overview Site Population ment's durable solutions planning, though the timeframe for potential relocations to Somali Region is not yet known. In the interim, many basic humanitarian needs of the site residents are unmet, including safe water provision and sufficient latrine coverage. Fo- 1 WASH Site Location 1,638 individuals od distribution was very irregular in the second half of 2019, but distribution did take place in Jan 2020 2 Livelihood Latitude: 9.6056860 306 households Longitude:41.859980 2 3 Health Site Area: 30,000m Data source: DTM Data, SA 20 of November 2019 Methodology Established in: Sep. 18 2017 * Priority needs as reported by residents through SMS-run Complaint The information for this site profile was collected through key informant interviews and group discussions with the Site Management and Feedback Mechanism Committees and beneficiaries by the Site Management Support (SMS) team in the area. Population figures are collected and aligned through SMS and DTM and allow for the most accurate analysis possible. Sector Overview Demographics Vulnerabilities 0 Unaccompanied children Implementing
    [Show full text]
  • ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION | Case Studies Towards Implementation
    ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION | Case studies towards implementation Context The presented case studies are representative for Case 3 Good agricultural practices on slopes Case 6 Water reservoirs for integrated development Case 5 Recovering wetlands’ ecosystem services Case 1 Conservation practices on weak soils larger areas in the Upper Fafan Catchment. Each case Dengego, Foothills of the Amora Mountains, Zones A2, A3 and A4 Elbeyih Dam, Open water, Zone W3 Sheik-Ali-Gure Area, Floodplains Jijiga, Zones W1b and W2b Gumburkha-Khale, Plateau Plains Jijiga, Zone A5 The Strengthening Community Resilience in Somali box indicates the main challenges, examples of Region, Ethiopia (SCRSE)- programme aims at recommended interventions, some of the expected Main challenges Recommended types of interventions Main challenges Recommended types of interventions Main challenges Recommended types of interventions Main challenges Recommended types of interventions implementing strategic interventions targeting food results, and the most important activities towards Loss of fertile lands and infrastructure SWC-measures for slopes, permanent Pollution, siltation, high evaporation Life fencing, infiltration galleries, Severe gully erosion, solid waste, Riverbank protection, area closures, Loss of fertile soil and low soil moisture Basic SWC-measures, SWC-measures for due to rill and gully erosion agriculture rates troughs for livestock, deepening content due to poor vegetation cover weak soils and to control wind erosion security, water security and disaster risk reduction to implementation. For more details please refer to the overgrazing, encroaching agriculture flood adapted agriculture Atlas and Guidelines. improve long term community stability and resilience Expected results Activities towards implementation Expected results Activities towards implementation Expected results Activities towards implementation Expected results Activities towards implementation in Somali Region.
    [Show full text]
  • Southwest Energy ETHIOPIA EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES October 7, 2014 Introduction to Southwest Energy - Ethiopia
    SouthWest Energy ETHIOPIA EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES October 7, 2014 Introduction to SouthWest Energy - Ethiopia Founded in 2005 as the first Ethiopian-owned oil and gas exploration company The only indigenous company to successfully obtain an energy concession in Ethiopia One of the top five largest exploration acreage holders in East Africa (46,000 km2 ) HQ offices are located in the capital city, Addis Ababa 1 Overview of SWE Holdings Operator and 100% holder of rights in three adjacent blocks in the Jijiga Basin (subset of Ogaden Basin) and one block in the Gambella region Assets cover 46,000 km2 (29,000 km2 in the Jijiga Basin and ~17,000 km2 in the Gambella) Aims to become the first African indigenous Jijiga company to open a basin in its own country Gambella Blocks Block Independent third party study (by Senergy) shows more than a billion barrels of hydrocarbon potential Jimma Plans to complete 3-well drilling program during JSA the course of 2014 and 2015 2 Overview of Completed Work ARKeX GeoMicrobial Technology GII (Geophysical Inst. Israel) Other Works - Full Tensor Gravity -MOST (Microbial Oil - 1,461 km of 2D seismic data - Ekolog: field work - Conventional gravity Sampling Test) - Reduced grid density from - Prime Energy: Field - Magnetic data - SSG (Soil Sorbed Gas) approx. 20x20km to 9X11km work -Indicated the presence -Indicated presence of - LandOcean: seismic of hydrocarbon systems working HC systems processing - ReximSeis: seismic reprocessing All data collected so far encourages that there is a working petroleum
    [Show full text]
  • Implication of Ethiopian Federalism on the Right to Freedom of Movement and Residence: Critical Analysis of the Law and the Practice
    Implication of Ethiopian Federalism on the Right to Freedom of Movement and Residence: Critical Analysis of the Law and the Practice By Yonas Girma Adimassu A Thesis Submitted to Addis Ababa University College of Law and Governance Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Masters of Constitutional and Public Law Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa Ethiopia March 2013 1 DECLARATION I, Yonas Girma, hereby declare that this dissertation is original and has never been presented in any other institution. To the best of my knowledge and belief, I also declare that any information used has been duly acknowledged. LL.M Candidate Name: Yonas Girma Signature: ___________________ February 2013. This dissertation has been submitted for examination with my approval as University supervisor. Supervisor: Ass. Prof Abera Degefa Signature: _____________________ Date: March 2013. 2 Acknowledgment First and for most I would like to thank the almighty God and his mother Saint Virgin Mary for all what happened to me. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my advisor Mr. Abera Degefa for his speedy and diligence constructive comments and suggestions on this thesis. I owe you sir! I have to confess that I would not have come this far in the absence of your support! I am also grateful to all personalities who have been voluntarily reacting for my interviews and for their valuable suggestions which made the paper more comprehensive. My gratitude also extends to all the offices and their respected staffs for their dulcet contributions by providing the necessary information and materials which I was in need of.
    [Show full text]
  • Sequela of Female Genital Mutilation on Birth Outcomes in Jijiga Town, Ethiopian Somali Region: a Prospective Cohort Study
    Gebremicheal et al. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth (2018) 18:305 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-018-1937-4 RESEARCHARTICLE Open Access Sequela of female genital mutilation on birth outcomes in Jijiga town, Ethiopian Somali region: a prospective cohort study Kiros Gebremicheal1*, Fisehaye Alemseged2, Haimanot Ewunetu2, Daniel Tolossa3, Abdibari Ma’alin1, Mahlet Yewondwessen1 and Samuel Melaku4 Abstract Background: In Ethiopia, female genital mutilation (FGM) remains a serious concern and has affected 23.8 million women and girls, with the highest prevalence in Somali regional state. Even though FGM is reported to be associated with a range of obstetric complications, little is known about its effects on childbirth in the region. Therefore, the objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that FGM is a contributing factor to the increased risk of complication during childbirth. Methods: Facility based cohort study, involving 142 parturients with FGM and 139 parturients without FGM, was conducted in Jijiga town from October to December, 2014. The study participants were recruited by consecutive sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured interviewer administered questionnaire and observational checklists. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 and STATA version 11. Results: The existence of FGM was significantly associated with perinealtear [RR = 2.52 (95% CI 1.26–5.02)], postpartum blood loss [RR = 3.14 (95% CI 1.27–7.78)], outlet obstruction [RR = 1.83 (95% CI 1.19–2.79)] and emergency caesarean section [RR = 1.52 (95% CI 1.04–2.22)]. FGM type I and FGM type II did not demonstrate any association with prolonged 2nd stage of labour, emergency caesarean section, postpartum blood loss, and APGAR score < 7.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded from Afsis Website
    Living Standards Measurement Study- Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA): Ethiopia Rural Socioeconomic Survey (ERSS) Basic Information Document Central Statistical Agency & the World Bank December 20121 1 Updated February 2017 ACRONYMS AgSS Annual Agricultural Sample Survey BMGF Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation CAPI Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing CSA Central Statistical Agency (Ethiopia) DHS Demographic and Health Survey EA Enumeration Area EIAR Ethiopia Institute of Agricultural Research ERSS Ethiopia Rural Socioeconomic Survey IFPRI International Food Policy Research Institute LSMS-ISA Living Standards Measurement Study – Integrated Surveys on Agriculture MOA Ministry of Agriculture MOFED Ministry of Finance and Economic Development NSDS National Strategy for the Development of Statistics PAPI Paper and Pen Interviewing WB World Bank WFP World Food Program 2 Table of Contents 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 4 2. The Survey Instruments .......................................................................................................... 5 3. Sample Design ...................................................................................................................... 11 4. Field Work ............................................................................................................................ 15 4.1 Training of Field Staff and Data Entry Operators for the Survey ......................................
    [Show full text]
  • Report of a Home Office Fact-Finding Mission Ethiopia: the Political Situation
    Report of a Home Office Fact-Finding Mission Ethiopia: The political situation Conducted 16 September 2019 to 20 September 2019 Published 10 February 2020 This project is partly funded by the EU Asylum, Migration Contentsand Integration Fund. Making management of migration flows more efficient across the European Union. Contents Introduction .............................................................................................................. 5 Background ............................................................................................................ 5 Purpose of the mission ........................................................................................... 5 Report’s structure ................................................................................................... 5 Methodology ............................................................................................................. 6 Identification of sources .......................................................................................... 6 Arranging and conducting interviews ...................................................................... 6 Notes of interviews/meetings .................................................................................. 7 List of abbreviations ................................................................................................ 8 Executive summary .................................................................................................. 9 Synthesis of notes ................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Ethiopia: Administrative Map (August 2017)
    Ethiopia: Administrative map (August 2017) ERITREA National capital P Erob Tahtay Adiyabo Regional capital Gulomekeda Laelay Adiyabo Mereb Leke Ahferom Red Sea Humera Adigrat ! ! Dalul ! Adwa Ganta Afeshum Aksum Saesie Tsaedaemba Shire Indasilase ! Zonal Capital ! North West TigrayTahtay KoraroTahtay Maychew Eastern Tigray Kafta Humera Laelay Maychew Werei Leke TIGRAY Asgede Tsimbila Central Tigray Hawzen Medebay Zana Koneba Naeder Adet Berahile Region boundary Atsbi Wenberta Western Tigray Kelete Awelallo Welkait Kola Temben Tselemti Degua Temben Mekele Zone boundary Tanqua Abergele P Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Tsegede Tselemt Mekele Town Special Enderta Afdera Addi Arekay South East Ab Ala Tsegede Mirab Armacho Beyeda Woreda boundary Debark Erebti SUDAN Hintalo Wejirat Saharti Samre Tach Armacho Abergele Sanja ! Dabat Janamora Megale Bidu Alaje Sahla Addis Ababa Ziquala Maychew ! Wegera Metema Lay Armacho Wag Himra Endamehoni Raya Azebo North Gondar Gonder ! Sekota Teru Afar Chilga Southern Tigray Gonder City Adm. Yalo East Belesa Ofla West Belesa Kurri Dehana Dembia Gonder Zuria Alamata Gaz Gibla Zone 4 (Fantana Rasu ) Elidar Amhara Gelegu Quara ! Takusa Ebenat Gulina Bugna Awra Libo Kemkem Kobo Gidan Lasta Benishangul Gumuz North Wello AFAR Alfa Zone 1(Awsi Rasu) Debre Tabor Ewa ! Fogera Farta Lay Gayint Semera Meket Guba Lafto DPubti DJIBOUTI Jawi South Gondar Dire Dawa Semen Achefer East Esite Chifra Bahir Dar Wadla Delanta Habru Asayita P Tach Gayint ! Bahir Dar City Adm. Aysaita Guba AMHARA Dera Ambasel Debub Achefer Bahirdar Zuria Dawunt Worebabu Gambela Dangura West Esite Gulf of Aden Mecha Adaa'r Mile Pawe Special Simada Thehulederie Kutaber Dangila Yilmana Densa Afambo Mekdela Tenta Awi Dessie Bati Hulet Ej Enese ! Hareri Sayint Dessie City Adm.
    [Show full text]