2015 Household Pests 2/22/2015

OVERVIEW

 Guidelines & Principles  Groups of pests Public health pests HOUSEHOLD ARTHROPODS Nuisance Household Jean R. Natter Structural pests 2015

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MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES DETERMINE MANAGEMENT

 Define the problem Eradicate? Damage? Critter(s)? Control?

 ID the critter Manage? Pest? Tolerate? Dangerous? (people, pets, or structures?) Did it just stumble indoors? Verify: PNW Insect Management Handbook

 Appropriate management

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CAPTURE THE CRITTER RECOMMENDATIONS

Research-based management

EPA says: Pest control materials must be labeled for that purpose

* * * * * * * * * * (Common Sense Pest Control) No home remedies

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Jean R. Natter 2015 Household Pests 1 2015 Household Pests 2/22/2015

PUBLIC HEALTH: BED BUGS

 3/16”  Broadly flat, oval  Cracks, crevices, & PUBLIC HEALTH PESTS seams (naturephoto.cz.com)  Eggs glued in place Blood feeders (Bed Bugs; WSU; FS070E)  Bites w/o pain  Odor: sweet; acrid  Bed Bugs (FS070E)

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MANAGEMENT: BED BUGS PUBLIC HEALTH: MOSQUITOES

Key Points  Mattress: Encase or heat Rx  Launder bedding, clothes – hot!  Pest control company (NY Times)

(L & R: University of Missouri; gambusia Stamford University)

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MANAGEMENT: MOSQUITOES PUBLIC HEALTH: FLEAS

Key Points  Adults on animal  Eggs drop off  Source reduction  Larvae ½”  Personal protection w/tan head  Mosquito fish (Gambusia), if legal  Larvae eat debris  Rx for larvae: Bti (Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis)  Pupa “waits”  Nest parasites

(University of Illinois)

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Jean R. Natter 2015 Household Pests 2 2015 Household Pests 2/22/2015

MANAGEMENT: FLEAS PUBLIC HEALTH: TICKS Rocky Mountain wood tick Key Points

 3-step program  Dermacentor species 1. Vacuum often  East of Cascades 2. Insect growth regulator (IGR) on carpet & pet’s “nest”  Immatures feed mostly on rodents 3. Treat the pet Comb  Adults feed on large Apply IGR (Ken Gray Photos, OSU) mammals  Bombs & foggers ineffective

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PUBLIC HEALTH: TICKS MANAGEMENT: TICKS Western blacklegged tick Key Points  Ixodes pacificus  Sensible clothes  Western WA, OR, CA  Insect repellent (DEET most effective)

(Ken Gray Photos, OSU)  Woodland margins  Daily inspections

 Only vector of Lyme  Remove ticks ASAP disease in Oregon  Clean the area (soap & water)

 Low transmission  No Vaseline; no cigarette

(Ken Gray Photos, OSU)

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PUBLIC HEALTH: BALD-FACED HORNET

 Annual colony PUBLIC HEALTH PESTS  Nest: aerial  Beneficial insects Potential stinging pests  Pesticides a last

(Ken Gray Photos, OSU) resort

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Jean R. Natter 2015 Household Pests 3 2015 Household Pests 2/22/2015

PUBLIC HEALTH: YELLOWJACKET PUBLIC HEALTH: YELLOWJACKET

 Annual colony  Nest: ground or aerial or wall/ceiling void  Beneficial insects

(LordV Flickr)  Pesticides a last resort

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PUBLIC HEALTH: YELLOWJACKET PUBLIC HEALTH: STINGING WASP

(A. Bradeich)

(A. Bradeich) (J. R. Natter) (C. E. Natter) 21 22

PUBLIC HEALTH: YELLOWJACKET MANAGEMENT: STINGING WASP

Key Points  Tolerate if possible  Don’t annoy  Don’t cross flight path  Pheromone traps of limited value  If control required Long-distance aerosol at night Or hire a professional

(http://cru.cahe.wsu.edu/cepublications/eb0643/eb0643.pdf)

(J. R. Natter) 23 24

Jean R. Natter 2015 Household Pests 4 2015 Household Pests 2/22/2015

SELDOM STING: BUMBLE BEES SELDOM STING: PAPER WASPS

Bombus morrisoni B. fervidus

(Ken Gray Photos, OSU)

(Ken Gray Photos, OSU)

B.melanopygus;

a red tail bee (Wikipedia http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Polistes_fuscatus.jpg) (Ken Gray Photos, OSU)

(Assurance Home Inspections)) 25 26

PAPER WASP: POLISTES DOMINULA KEY POINTS: WASPS & BEES

 Yellowjackets  Bald-faced hornets annual  Paper wasps colony  Bumble bees

long-lived  Honey bees colony

(Gerry Wegner)

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PUBLIC HEALTH: SPIDERS

 Black widow (Latrodectus hesperus) PUBLIC HEALTH PESTS  Hobo spider (Tegenaria agrestis) Spiders

Bites seldom succeed

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PUBLIC HEALTH: SPIDERS PUBLIC HEALTH: SPIDERS Western black widow Widow look-a-likes

 About ¾” false widow Steatoda species  Glossy black

 Red “hourglass”

(P. Bryant; UCI;)  Shy and reclusive

 Dark places

 Don’t run on ground

 Uncommon western OR (Peter J. DeVries, Madison, WI) (Groundwater Biology)

(American Tarantula Society ) 31 32

PUBLIC HEALTH: HOBO SPIDER PUBLIC HEALTH: FUNNEL WEB

 Tegenaria agrestis

 To 1 ¾”

 “Funnel web” spider

 Moves rapidly (University of Michigan Museum)

 1st in NW: 1930; Seattle

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PUBLIC HEALTH: HOBO SPIDER PUBLIC HEALTH: HOBO SPIDER

Differentiate among hobo giant domestic

look-a-likes dorsum verify ID of domestic hobo giant sexual characters

(PLS 116)

(PLS 116: How to Identify the Hobo Spider) ventrum

(Adapted from Biology and Medical Importance of the Aggressive House Spider, Tegenaria agrestis, in the Pacific Northwest) 35 36

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HOBO SPIDER VS. BROWN RECLUSE MANAGEMENT: SPIDERS

Key Points hobo  Take care Look before you reach Teach children: “Don’t touch”  Screen & seal brown other  Sticky traps recluse recluse  Pesticides a last resort If so, Pest Control Operator apply (hobospider.org) a perimeter spray in late June

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NUISANCE: BOX ELDER BUG

 Boisea rubrolineata  About 1/2” NUISANCE PESTS  Gray w/red marks  Fall & winter: Cluster on Box elder bugs exterior wall  Move indoors Lady beetles  Don’t breed indoors  Pesticides of little value BMSB (bugguide.net Barry Grivett)

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NUISANCE: ASIAN LADY BEETLES NUISANCE: BMSB

 Harmonia axyridis  Brown marmorated stink bug  On S or W wall  Antennae: white (http://www.entmart.be)  Move indoors bands  Might bite  1st instar: bright color  Stain  Ventrum “dirty”  Beneficial outdoors,  Emerging pest of nuisance indoors fruits, veggies, etc.

(http://www.entmart.be)

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Jean R. Natter 2015 Household Pests 7 2015 Household Pests 2/22/2015

NUISANCE: SPIDERS NUISANCE: BORERS

crab spider giant house spider banded alder borer  From downed trees

 Won’t infest structure

2 ¾” 2 pine sawyer

( C. DeWolfe;)

(Ken Gray Photos, OSU)

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NUISANCE: BORERS MANAGEMENT: NUISANCE PESTS

longhorn flower beetle Key Points  From firewood  Remove food, if any  Visit flowers  Block access Leptura  Won’t infest house (Ken Gray Photos, OSU) Screens; caulk; oak cordwood borer copper “wool”

 Remove them

Xylotrechus sp. (Ken Gray Photos, OSU) 45 46

POTENTIAL DANGER IN FIREWOOD

Don’t spread pests in firewood HOUSEHOLD PESTS Buy it where you burn it! Pantry pests

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PANTRY PESTS: FLOUR MOTHS PANTRY PESTS: INDIAN MEAL MOTH

 Adults about 1/4” webbing from  Fly daytime larva  Active year-round

 Indian meal moth most common (Ken Gray Photos, OSU;) Larvae = ½” “worms” Crawl up wall

Pupate at ceiling (UC Davis)

(Ken Gray Photos, OSU;) 49 50

PANTRY PESTS: DRUGSTORE BEETLE PANTRY PESTS

 To 1/10” Key points

 Medium brown  If it’s in food & moving,  Diet: food, spices, it’s a pantry pest!

wool, leather, (J.R. Natter) books, seeds,  Management is the same for all kinds: dog food, & Locate & destroy more

(Illustrations: PCT Technician’s Handbook) (Ken Gray Photos, OSU;) 51 52

MANAGEMENT: PANTRY PESTS HOUSEHOLD: ANTS Key Points  Various ant species  Locate & destroy  Visible ants < 10%  Pheromone traps  Nest: indoors or out (J. R. Natter)  Many potential foods (TAMU) odorous house ant  Enter via cracks, Cereals, seeds, nuts, grains, flour crevices Bulk or packaged  Rx: Pre-formulated Birdseed; pet food baits Craft stuff & more  Be patient

(UCDavis IPM)

( TAMU) 53 54

Jean R. Natter 2015 Household Pests 9 2015 Household Pests 2/22/2015

HOUSEHOLD: FLIES

 Small flies Fruit flies HOUSEHOLD PESTS Fungus gnats (several)  Larger flies Flies Filth flies (House flies; flesh flies; blow flies) Cluster flies

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HOUSEHOLD: FRUIT FLIES HOUSEHOLD: FUNGUS GNATS Sciarid fungus gnat Mycetophilid gnat  1/8” (wet potting mix) (moldy stuff)  Yellow-brown  Large red eyes  Decaying veggies (Purdue) & fruit (bugguide.net)

(bugguide.net)(BugGuide.net)

(Ken Gray Photos, OSU) 57 58 (J.R. Natter)

HOUSEHOLD: FILTH FLIES HOUSEHOLD: FILTH FLIES

 Indoors & outdoors  Foods: trash; carcasses  Maggots leave food to pupate

house fly  Management bottle fly (blow fly) Sanitation Screens

flesh fly

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Jean R. Natter 2015 Household Pests 10 2015 Household Pests 2/22/2015

HOUSEHOLD: CLUSTER FLIES MANAGEMENT: CLUSTER FLIES

 3/8” Key Points  Thorax: gold hairs  Swatter; Fly paper

 Adults  Seal cracks, crevices  Cluster on ceiling  Fly in center of room  24-hour light

 Nuisance

(Ken Gray Photos, OSU)  Repair screens  Larvae parasitize earthworms  Aerosol or “bomb” little value

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HOUSEHOLD: VARIED CARPET BEETLE

 Most common fabric-damager  To 1/8” HOUSEHOLD PESTS  Larva eats fur, woolens, Fabric damagers insects & (Carpet beetle; Clothes moths) (UGA1233094;) much more  Adult eats pollen

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HOUSEHOLD: CLOTHES MOTHS MANAGEMENT: FABRIC DAMAGERS

Fly at night Key Points  Clean fabrics before storage clothes moth larva pupa  Check stored goods (Ken Gray Photos, OSU)  Locate & destroy case  Discard or clean infested materials case-making larva moth  Vacuum thoroughly  After clean-up, pheromone traps (moths)  Moth balls/crystals ineffective

(Kendall Bio-Research)

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STRUCTURAL: CARPENTER ANT worker  Two species:  Camponotus modoc STRUCTURAL PESTS  C. vicinus  Forage outdoors (Ken Gray Photos, OSU) (honeydew, dead Carpenter ants alate (winged adult) insects) Termites  Forage indoors  Multiple nests

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STRUCTURAL: CARPENTER ANT STRUCTURAL: CARPENTER ANT

 Workers 1/4 to 1/2” Signs Black, or red & black  Fresh sawdust  10,000 to 20,000/nest  Moist wood, or dry  Main nest  Scraping sounds in the wall = Queen, eggs, larvae, workers  2-way trails (Apr-Oct; 10 pm to 2 am)  Satellite nests = Pupae, workers  Alates (winged forms) in the spring

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STRUCTURAL: CARPENTER ANT MANAGEMENT: CARPENTER ANT

signs Key Points smooth  Avoid wood-to-moisture contact galleries  Repair leak; replace wood  Treatment best left to PCOs Important: Rx main nest One Rx + annual inspections

(UNL)  Common ant baits don’t work

(www.wdiohio.com/Carpenter_Ants.html) 71 72

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STRUCTURAL: CARPENTER ANT IDENTIFY: CARPENTER ANT elbowed antenna Locate the main nest rounded thorax one node on slender “waist”

alates

(UGA) worker

(Evergreen College)

(UGA) (UGA)

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IDENTIFY: CARPENTER ANT Subterranean Dampwood termites termites *

2 workers 3 males

(Ken Gray Images, OSU)

(Ken Gray Images, OSU) queenqueen . Fly any time . Fly in fall (Aug – Oct) . Small (3/8”) . Large (to 1”) . Nest in ground . Nest in wood . Sound wood . Damp or sound . Shelter tubes wood

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STRUCTURAL: SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES STRUCTURAL: DAMPWOOD TERMITES

mud tube

(L: termatrol.com; R: Urban Entomology by Walter Ebeling)

(J. R. Natter)

(Purdue) 77 78

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MANAGEMENT: TERMITES ANT VS. TERMITE Key Points dampwood carpenter  Avoid wood-to-soil contact termites ant queen  Ventilate under buildings  Install moisture barrier  Remove wood debris  Fix moisture problems  Periodic inspection  If subterranean termites, hire pest control company

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STRUCTURAL: POWDERPOST BEETLES

golden buprestid  About ½”  About 1/8”  Air-dried lumber  Hardwoods (Ken Gray Photos, OSU)  Emerges 10-50 yrs  Powdery frass later  Exit hole 1/16”  Doesn’t re-infest  Re-infests  Rx: Paint; varnish

(tagane arts)

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SUMMARY

 Guidelines & Principles  Groups of pests Public health pests Nuisance Household Structural pests

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