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Uropsilus, Talpidae): Implications for Taxonomy and Conservation Tao Wan1,2†, Kai He1,3† and Xue-Long Jiang1*
Wan et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013, 13:232 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/13/232 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Multilocus phylogeny and cryptic diversity in Asian shrew-like moles (Uropsilus, Talpidae): implications for taxonomy and conservation Tao Wan1,2†, Kai He1,3† and Xue-Long Jiang1* Abstract Background: The genus Uropsilus comprises a group of terrestrial, montane mammals endemic to the Hengduan and adjacent mountains. These animals are the most primitive living talpids. The taxonomy has been primarily based on cursory morphological comparisons and the evolutionary affinities are little known. To provide insight into the systematics of this group, we estimated the first multi-locus phylogeny and conducted species delimitation, including taxon sampling throughout their distribution range. Results: We obtained two mitochondrial genes (~1, 985 bp) and eight nuclear genes (~4, 345 bp) from 56 specimens. Ten distinct evolutionary lineages were recovered from the three recognized species, eight of which were recognized as species/putative species. Five of these putative species were found to be masquerading as the gracile shrew mole. The divergence time estimation results indicated that climate change since the last Miocene and the uplift of the Himalayas may have resulted in the diversification and speciation of Uropsilus. Conclusions: The cryptic diversity found in this study indicated that the number of species is strongly underestimated under the current taxonomy. Two synonyms of gracilis (atronates and nivatus) should be given full species status, and the taxonomic status of another three potential species should be evaluated using extensive taxon sampling, comprehensive morphological, and morphometric approaches. Consequently, the conservation status of Uropsilus spp. -
Erinaceidae, Insectivora, Mammalia) from the Oligocene of Mongolia A
Paleontological Journal, Vol. 36, No. 3, 2002, pp. 302–306. Translated from Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, No. 3, 2002, pp. 75–80. Original Russian Text Copyright © 2002 by Lopatin. English Translation Copyright © 2002 by åÄIä “Nauka /Interperiodica” (Russia). The Largest Asiatic Amphechinus (Erinaceidae, Insectivora, Mammalia) from the Oligocene of Mongolia A. V. Lopatin Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya ul. 123, Moscow, 117997 Russia e-mail: [email protected] Received October 26, 2000 Abstract—A lower jaw fragment of a new hedgehog species, Amphechinus gigas sp. nov., from the Oligocene Shand-Gol Formation of Mongolia is described. This species is substantially larger than A. rectus, A. akespensis, and other known Amphechinus species from Asia and comparable in size to the European species A. robustus, A. ginsburgi, and A. intermedius. Regarding the length of the lower cheek tooth row, A. gigas is comparable to Recent Erinaceus europaeus; however, the much deeper and more massive horizontal ramus of the dentary shows that A. gigas is larger than the latter. INTRODUCTION europaeus; at the same time, its lower jaw is substan- tially larger and more massive than those of the listed Amphechinus belongs to the earliest genera of the species. The fragmentary lower jaw of the new species subfamily Erinaceinae. This genus was widespread in was found together with A. rectus and A. cf. kansuensis. the Oligocene and Miocene of Eurasia and occurred in the Miocene of North America and Africa (Gureev, 1979; Gould, 1995). The following six species were described from Asia: Oligocene A. rectus (Matthew et Granger, 1924), A. kansuensis (Bohlin, 1942), and A. -
Chapter 1 - Introduction
EURASIAN MIDDLE AND LATE MIOCENE HOMINOID PALEOBIOGEOGRAPHY AND THE GEOGRAPHIC ORIGINS OF THE HOMININAE by Mariam C. Nargolwalla A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Anthropology University of Toronto © Copyright by M. Nargolwalla (2009) Eurasian Middle and Late Miocene Hominoid Paleobiogeography and the Geographic Origins of the Homininae Mariam C. Nargolwalla Doctor of Philosophy Department of Anthropology University of Toronto 2009 Abstract The origin and diversification of great apes and humans is among the most researched and debated series of events in the evolutionary history of the Primates. A fundamental part of understanding these events involves reconstructing paleoenvironmental and paleogeographic patterns in the Eurasian Miocene; a time period and geographic expanse rich in evidence of lineage origins and dispersals of numerous mammalian lineages, including apes. Traditionally, the geographic origin of the African ape and human lineage is considered to have occurred in Africa, however, an alternative hypothesis favouring a Eurasian origin has been proposed. This hypothesis suggests that that after an initial dispersal from Africa to Eurasia at ~17Ma and subsequent radiation from Spain to China, fossil apes disperse back to Africa at least once and found the African ape and human lineage in the late Miocene. The purpose of this study is to test the Eurasian origin hypothesis through the analysis of spatial and temporal patterns of distribution, in situ evolution, interprovincial and intercontinental dispersals of Eurasian terrestrial mammals in response to environmental factors. Using the NOW and Paleobiology databases, together with data collected through survey and excavation of middle and late Miocene vertebrate localities in Hungary and Romania, taphonomic bias and sampling completeness of Eurasian faunas are assessed. -
Oligocene and Early Miocene Mammal Biostratigraphy of the Valley of Lakes in Mongolia
Palaeobio Palaeoenv (2017) 97:219–231 DOI 10.1007/s12549-016-0264-x ORIGINAL PAPER Oligocene and early Miocene mammal biostratigraphy of the Valley of Lakes in Mongolia Mathias Harzhauser1 & Gudrun Daxner-Höck1 & Margarita A. Erbajeva2 & Paloma López-Guerrero1,3 & Olivier Maridet4,5 & Adriana Oliver 1,6 & Werner E. Piller7 & Ursula B. Göhlich1 & Reinhard Ziegler8 Received: 13 July 2016 /Revised: 28 October 2016 /Accepted: 10 November 2016 /Published online: 15 December 2016 # The Author(s) 2017. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract The Taatsiin Gol Basin in Mongolia is a key area for data. Therefore, we test and evaluate the informal biozonation understanding the evolution and dispersal of Central Asian scheme that has been traditionally used for biostratigraphic mammal faunas during the Oligocene and early Miocene. correlations within the basin. Based on the analysis of the huge After two decades of intense fieldwork, the area is extraordi- dataset, a formalised biostratigraphic scheme is proposed. It narily well sampled and taxonomically well studied, yielding a comprises the Cricetops dormitor Taxon Range Zone large dataset of 19,042 specimens from 60 samples. The spec- (Rupelian), subdivided into the Allosminthus khandae Taxon imens represent 176 species-level and 99 genus-level taxa com- Range Subzone and the Huangomys frequens Abundance prising 135 small mammal species and 47 large mammals. A Subzone, the Amphechinus taatsiingolensis Abundance Zone detailed lithostratigraphy and new magnetostratigraphic and (early Chattian), the Amphechinus major Taxon Range Zone radiometric datings provide an excellent frame for these biotic (late Chattian), subdivided into the Yindirtemys deflexus This article is a contribution to the special issue BThe Valley of Lakes in Mongolia, a key area of Cenozoic mammal evolution and stratigraphy^. -
OCCASION This Publication Has Been Made Available to the Public on The
OCCASION This publication has been made available to the public on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the United Nations Industrial Development Organisation. DISCLAIMER This document has been produced without formal United Nations editing. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries, or its economic system or degree of development. Designations such as “developed”, “industrialized” and “developing” are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgment about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process. Mention of firm names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement by UNIDO. FAIR USE POLICY Any part of this publication may be quoted and referenced for educational and research purposes without additional permission from UNIDO. However, those who make use of quoting and referencing this publication are requested to follow the Fair Use Policy of giving due credit to UNIDO. CONTACT Please contact [email protected] for further information concerning UNIDO publications. For more information about UNIDO, please visit us at www.unido.org UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 300, 1400 Vienna, Austria Tel: (+43-1) 26026-0 · www.unido.org · [email protected] V. f-ч ■ ' Л г и UNITED KATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION DRAFT FINAL REPORT FEASIBILITY STUDY , a . -
Genetic and Morphologic Diversity of the Moles (Talpomorpha, Talpidae, Mogera) from the Continental Far East
Received: 15 August 2018 | Revised: 23 December 2018 | Accepted: 26 December 2018 DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12272 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Genetic and morphologic diversity of the moles (Talpomorpha, Talpidae, Mogera) from the continental Far East Elena Zemlemerova1,2 | Alexey Abramov3 | Alexey Kryukov4 | Vladimir Lebedev5 | Mi-Sook Min6 | Seo-Jin Lee6 | Anna Bannikova2 1A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Abstract Moscow, Russia Taxonomy of the East Asian moles of the genus Mogera is still controversial. Based on 2 Lomonosov Moscow State University, the sequence data of 12 nuclear genes and one mitochondrial gene, we examine ge- Moscow, Russia netic variation in the Mogera wogura species complex and demonstrate that M. ro- 3Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia busta, from the continental Far East, and M. wogura, from the Japanese Islands, are 4Federal Scientific Center of the East not conspecific. Our data do not support the existence of two or more species of Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Mogera in the Russian Far East. We suggest that the form “coreana” from the Korean Vladivostok, Russia Peninsula should be treated as a subspecies of M. robusta. Our morphological analy- 5 Zoological Museum, Lomonosov Moscow sis shows that M. r. coreana differs from typical M. robusta, from Primorye, primarily State University, Moscow, Russia in its smaller size. We show that there is strong morphological variability among con- 6Conservation Genome Resource Bank for Korean Wildlife (CGRB), Research Institute tinental moles, which may be associated with ecological and geographical factors. for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary The time since the split between M. -
New Tales of the Gobi Desert the Hong Kong Young Writers Awards Online Anthology - Non-Fiction, Poetry and Cover Art Sponsors
New Tales of the Gobi Desert The Hong Kong Young Writers Awards Online Anthology - Non-Fiction, Poetry and Cover Art Sponsors Supported by Organiser Official Charity New Tales of the Gobi Desert Non-Fiction Group 1 The Gobi Desert AD & FD of Pok Oi Hospital Mrs Cheng Yam On School, Hung Tsz To, Non-Fiction: Group 1 am losing, losing, losing......in the Gobi Desert. How do I walk across it? It’s an unboundary region, all you could see are and dunes, sand......Will I lose my life in Gobi Desert? Let’s know more about the Gobi Desert. The Gobi Desert is the fifth largest desert in the world and occupies an area of 1,300,000 Ik², and it is a large desert region in Asia. The Gobi is most notable in history as part of the great Mongol Empire and as the location of several important cities along the Silk Road. The Gobi is a cold desert with frost and occasionally snow occurring on its dunes. The climate of the Gobi is one of great extremes, these can occur not only seasonally but within 24 hours. The temperature in Gobi is extremely, ranging from -40º(-46º) in winter to +50º(122º) in summer. The Gobi Desert is the source of many important fossil finds including the first dinosaur eggs. Despite the harsh conditions, these deserts and the surrounding regions sustain over 45 different species of animals and birds. But the Gobi Desert is expanding at an alarming rate, in a process known as desertification. The expansion of the Gobi is attributed mostly to human activities, notably deforestation, overgrazing, and depletion of water resources. -
Influence of Evolutionary Allometry on Rates of Morphological Evolution and Disparity in Strictly Subterranean Moles (Talpinae, Talpidae, Lipotyphla, Mammalia)
J Mammal Evol DOI 10.1007/s10914-016-9370-9 ORIGINAL PAPER Influence of Evolutionary Allometry on Rates of Morphological Evolution and Disparity in strictly Subterranean Moles (Talpinae, Talpidae, Lipotyphla, Mammalia) G. Sansalone1,2,3 & P. Colangelo 2,4 & T. Kotsakis1,2 & A. Loy2,5 & R. Castiglia6 & A. A. Bannikova7 & E. D. Zemlemerova7 & P. Piras8,9 # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2017 Abstract The adaptation to a particular function could di- size variables. Evolutionary allometric trajectories exhibited rectly influence the morphological evolution of an anatomi- convergence of humeral shape between the two tribes, even cal structure as well as its rates. The humeral morphology of when controlling for phylogeny, though a significant differ- moles (subfamily Talpinae) is highly modified in response to ences in the evolutionary rates was found between the two intense burrowing and fully fossorial lifestyle. However, lit- tribes. Talpini, unlike Scalopini, seem to have reached a tle is known of the evolutionary pathways that marked its robust fossorial morphology early during their evolution, diversification in the two highly fossorial moles tribes and their shape disparity did not change, if it did not de- Talpini and Scalopini. We used two-dimensional landmark- crease, through time. Furthermore, the basal Geotrypus spp. based geometric morphometrics and comparative methods to clearly set apart from the other highly fossorial moles, understand which factors influenced the rates and patterns of exhibiting a significant acceleration of evolutionary shifts the morphological evolution of the humerus in 53 extant and toward higher degree of fossorial adaptation. Our observa- extinct species of the Talpini (22 extant plus 12 extinct) and tions support the hypothesis that the evolution of allometry Scalopini(sixextantplus13extinct)tribes,foratotalof623 may reflect a biological demand (in this case functional) that humeri. -
Zhuding Qiu & Gerhard Storch Contents Introduction Extensive
China Zhuding Qiu & Gerhard Storch Qiu, Z.D. & Storch, G. China. In: Hoek Ostende, L.W. van den, Doukas, C.S. & Reumer, J.W.F. (eds), The Fossil Record of the Eurasian Neogene Insectivores (Erinaceomorpha, Soricomorpha, Mammalia), Part I. Scripta Geologica Special Issue, 5: 37-50, Leiden, November 2005. Z. Qiu, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP), Academia Sinica, P.O. Box 643, Beijing 100044, China, ([email protected]); G. Storch, Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Senckenberg- Anlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany ([email protected]). Contents Introduction .............................................................................................................................................................. 37 Insectivore faunas in the Neogene of China ......................................................................................... 38 References .................................................................................................................................................................. 48 Introduction Extensive excavation activities by the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleo- anthropology, Beijing (IVPP) over the last 20 years have increased our knowledge of the Neogene micromammals from China considerably. Yet, it is still rather fragmentary; we deal with a very vast country with a complex geological and faunal history and varied ecological conditions at all times. The fossil sites are not distributed evenly in time and space (Fig. 1), and among -
The Small Mammals from Gratkorn: an Overview
Palaeobio Palaeoenv (2014) 94:135–162 DOI 10.1007/s12549-013-0147-3 ORIGINAL PAPER The small mammals from Gratkorn: an overview Jérôme Prieto & Chiara Angelone & Isaac Casanovas-Vilar & Martin Gross & Janós Hír & Lars W.van den Hoek Ostende & Lutz Christian Maul & Davit Vasilyan Received: 14 November 2013 /Revised: 10 December 2013 /Accepted: 16 December 2013 /Published online: 26 February 2014 # Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014 Abstract The rich and diverse fossil mammalian assemblage accumulation by nocturnal raptors. In addition to the informa- from Gratkorn (Middle Miocene, Austria) is of primary im- tion provided by the lower vertebrates and the molluscs, portance for the understanding of the faunal evolution in which occur in abundance in the same thin fossil-enriched Central Europe. Besides large mammals, the fauna comprises: layer, the mammal fauna gives a mixed picture of the envi- Schizogalerix voesendorfensis, Galericinae gen. et sp. indet., ronment (basically forested vs. open landscape). This could Desmanodon fluegeli, Dinosorex sp., cf. Myotis sp., indicate the presence of different microhabitats around the “Cricetodon” fandli, Megacricetodon minutus, Eumyarion excavation place, but may also be a taphonomical artefact sp., Spermophilinus bredai, Blackia sp., Forsythia gaudryi, based on various different agents of accumulation contribut- Albanensia albanensis, Muscardinus aff. sansaniensis, ing to the thanatocoenosis. Nevertheless, the extreme quick Miodyromys sp., Keramidomys sp., Euroxenomys minutus accumulation of the fossils provides an exceptional windows minutus, Prolagus oeningensis, cf. Eurolagus fontannesi and in the late Sarmatian s. str. ecosystems. Ochotonidae indet. Based on the degree of corrosion on the dental elements and the presence of pellets, most, but not all, Keywords Miocene . -
Title Faunal Change of Late Miocene Africa and Eurasia: Mammalian
Faunal Change of Late Miocene Africa and Eurasia: Title Mammalian Fauna from the Namurungule Formation, Samburu Hills, Northern Kenya Author(s) NAKAYA, Hideo African study monographs. Supplementary issue (1994), 20: 1- Citation 112 Issue Date 1994-03 URL http://dx.doi.org/10.14989/68370 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University African Study Monographs, Supp!. 20: 1-112, March 1994 FAUNAL CHANGE OF LATE MIOCENE AFRICA AND EURASIA: MAMMALIAN FAUNA FROM THE NAMURUNGULE FORMATION, SAMBURU HILLS, NORTHERN KENYA Hideo NAKAYA Department ofEarth Sciences, Kagawa University ABSTRACT The Namurungule Formation yields a large amount of mammals of a formerly unknown and diversified vertebrate assemblage of the late Miocene. The Namurungule Formation has been dated as approximately 7 to 10 Ma. This age agrees with the mammalian assemblage of the Namurungule Formation. Sedimentological evidence of this formation supports that the Namurungule Formation was deposited in lacustrine and/or fluvial environments. Numerous equid and bovid remains were found from the Namurungule Formation. These taxa indicate the open woodland to savanna environments. Assemblage of the Namurungule Fauna indicates a close similarity to those of North Africa, Southwest and Central Europe, and some similarity to Sub Paratethys, Siwaliks and East Asia faunas. The Namurungule Fauna was the richest among late Miocene (Turolian) Sub-Saharan faunas. From an analysis of Neogene East African faunas, it became clear that mammalian faunal assemblage drastically has changed from woodland fauna to openland fauna during Astaracian to Turolian. The Namurungule Fauna is the forerunner of the modem Sub-Saharan (Ethiopian) faunas in savanna and woodland environments. Key Words: Mammal; Neogene; Miocene; Sub-Saharan Africa; Kenya; Paleobiogeography; Paleoecology; Faunal turnover. -
Author's Personal Copy
Author's personal copy Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 70 (2014) 513–521 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Multilocus phylogeny of talpine moles (Talpini, Talpidae, Eulipotyphla) and its implications for systematics ⇑ ⇑ Kai He a,b,1, Akio Shinohara c,1, Xue-Long Jiang a, , Kevin L. Campbell b, a State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China b Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada c Department of Bio-Resources, Division of Biotechnology, Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan article info abstract Article history: The tribe Talpini is a group of strictly subterranean moles distributed across the Eurasian Continent Received 5 June 2013 whose phylogenetic relationships and taxonomy remain unresolved. Here we report a multi-locus Revised 13 September 2013 nuclear-mitochondrial DNA dataset (9468 bp) from 11 talpine species encompassing all five recognized Accepted 3 October 2013 genera, together with analyses of their divergence times and evolutionary affinities inferred from maxi- Available online 16 October 2013 mum likelihood and Bayesian approaches. Our results finely resolved all relationships except the root of the four recognized Asian genera, which was placed sister to the genus Talpa. With respect to the Asian Keywords: clade, we moreover provide the first molecular support for a sister-taxon relationship between Parascap- Cryptic species tor and Scaptochirus and confirm that the genus Euroscaptor is paraphyletic. Further, and despite a rela- Species tree Species delimitation tively small sample size (22 specimens), our species delimitation analyses support the existence of at Talpidae least two genetically distinct, and hence potentially cryptic species.