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Durham E-Theses Durham E-Theses Recording The Senses : Playing With Perceptions. Can An Anthropologist Learn Anything From Learning To Make A Film? WILSON, STEVEN,CHARLES How to cite: WILSON, STEVEN,CHARLES (2013) Recording The Senses : Playing With Perceptions. Can An Anthropologist Learn Anything From Learning To Make A Film? , Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7306/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 Recording The Senses Playing With Perceptions. Can An Anthropologist Learn Anything From Learning To Make A Film? by Steven C. Wilson Abstract Participant observation forms the bedrock of social and cultural anthropology but how good are our observations when we participate? Whilst many may consider a baptism by fire approach to fieldwork and years of subsequent reflection the best way to address these questions, I argue there are benefits to be gained through undergoing specialist pre- fieldwork training. The training method I want to champion is filmmaking or more accurately digital video-filmmaking. With few departments offering pre-fieldwork courses in filmmaking, this thesis aims to show how experience with the process, rather than the production of a film itself, can offer valuable insights into some of the issues confronting the anthropological observer in the field. It is said that the camera never lies, but the camera can lie and so can our perceptions. If our perceptions can be wrong, what does it means to observe? What does it mean to be a good observer? What is a lie? What are we doing when we construct meaning from our perceptions to write an account or tell a story? This thesis aims to explore these questions and more by looking at the equipment used to make films and the process of recording sound and vision as one might do for a documentary, ethnographic or ‘anthropological’ film and then reflecting on the subsequent creation of meaning from them as is done in the edit room. 1-2 By focusing in on these processes and drawing analogies to the way we generate perception and create meaning, we can externalise, reflect and make conscious some of the qualities and problems of observation, perception and interpretation that we call experience. At the same time it provides filmmaking training allowing students to make beneficial use of modern audio-visual technologies in recording fieldwork and making films. 1-3 Recording The Senses Playing With Perceptions. Can An Anthropologist Learn Anything From Learning To Make A Film? By Steven C Wilson A Masters by Research Thesis Durham University Department of Anthropology 2012 Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction ........................................................................ 1-14 Chapter 2 Literature Review ................................................................ 2-22 1. A Brief Blink Through The Eyes Of Visual Anthropology .............................. 2-23 2. A Manifesto For A New Visual Anthropology .............................................. 2-29 3. Exploring Ways of Seeing ............................................................................. 2-30 4. The Senses ................................................................................................... 2-32 5. A Field Film School ....................................................................................... 2-33 6. A Rethinking of Observational Cinema ........................................................ 2-35 7. Being There .................................................................................................. 2-37 8. Reflexivity and Autobiography .................................................................... 2-38 9. Pushed to the Margins ................................................................................. 2-40 10. Pioneers of Ethnographic Film ................................................................... 2-41 11. The Visual In Research ............................................................................... 2-42 12. Visual Methods And Ethnography ............................................................. 2-43 13. Anthropological Cinema ............................................................................ 2-44 14. The Promise ............................................................................................... 2-46 Chapter 3 Methodologies & Ethics ....................................................... 3-48 1. Participant Observation ............................................................................... 3-48 2. Legitimate Peripheral Participation ............................................................. 3-50 3. Interviews And Questionnaires ................................................................... 3-51 4. Active Listening ............................................................................................ 3-51 5. Imageworks ................................................................................................. 3-51 6. Grounded Theory ........................................................................................ 3-52 7. Technical Methods ...................................................................................... 3-52 8. Video Ethnography ...................................................................................... 3-53 9. Ethnographic Footage And Film .................................................................. 3-54 10. Visual Methods in Social Research ............................................................ 3-54 11. Ethics ......................................................................................................... 3-56 1-5 12. Analysis ...................................................................................................... 3-56 Chapter 4 Case Studies ........................................................................ 4-58 1. Teaching, Exchanges And Communities Of Practice .................................... 4-58 2. The Problems With Observation ................................................................. 4-58 3. Views From The Filmographic Field ............................................................. 4-58 4. Qualitative & Quantitative Perspectives ..................................................... 4-59 5. Story Telling In Anthropology ...................................................................... 4-59 Section 1 Teaching, Exchanges And Communities of Practice .................... 4-60 1. Not Waving, Not Drowning, Hitting The Ground Running ........................... 4-60 2. First Contact ................................................................................................. 4-63 3. Evoking a Community .................................................................................. 4-66 4. The Wider Context, Impact, Funding And Future Technology ..................... 4-69 5. Teaching & Exchanges ................................................................................. 4-70 6. Filmmaking Equipment as Research Tools .................................................. 4-71 7. Projects & Obstacles .................................................................................... 4-75 8. Linking Communities ................................................................................... 4-76 9. Practical Sessions ......................................................................................... 4-79 10. Different Perspectives on Research Methods ........................................... 4-80 11. Learning by Doing in a Community of Practice .......................................... 4-81 12. A One Day Filmmaking for Anthropologists Course .................................. 4-84 13. Anthropology Internet TV (IPTV) ............................................................... 4-94 14. Live Broadcasts and On-going Activities .................................................... 4-97 15. Technical World, Technical Lock In ............................................................ 4-98 16. Summary ................................................................................................. 4-101 Section 2 The Problems With Observation ............................................ 4-102 1. Seeing & Hearing ....................................................................................... 4-102 2. Ethics ......................................................................................................... 4-104 3. Pushing the Boundaries ............................................................................. 4-104 4. Different People Different Points of View ................................................. 4-105 5. Make it Conscious ...................................................................................... 4-107 6. Two Heads are Better Than One ...............................................................
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