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Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority: Compressed Natural Gas Transit Bus Evaluation

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Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority: Compressed Natural Gas Transit Bus Evaluation A national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future Washington Metropolitan Area Technical Report NREL/TP-540-37626 Transit Authority: Compressed April 2006 Natural Gas Transit Bus Evaluation K. Chandler and E. Eberts Battelle M. Melendez National Renewable Energy Laboratory NREL is operated by Midwest Research Institute ● Battelle Contract No. DE-AC36-99-GO10337 Washington Metropolitan Area Technical Report NREL/TP-540-37626 Transit Authority: Compressed April 2006 Natural Gas Transit Bus Evaluation K. Chandler and E. Eberts Battelle M. Melendez National Renewable Energy Laboratory Prepared under Task No. FC05.9000 National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393 303-275-3000 • www.nrel.gov Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle Contract No. DE-AC36-99-GO10337 NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or any agency thereof. Available electronically at http://www.osti.gov/bridge Available for a processing fee to U.S. Department of Energy and its contractors, in paper, from: U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831-0062 phone: 865.576.8401 fax: 865.576.5728 email: mailto:[email protected] Available for sale to the public, in paper, from: U.S. Department of Commerce National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22161 phone: 800.553.6847 fax: 703.605.6900 email: [email protected] online ordering: http://www.ntis.gov/ordering.htm Printed on paper containing at least 50% wastepaper, including 20% postconsumer waste Foreword This evaluation would not have been possible without the support and guidance from staff at Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority, including the following: • Jack Requa • Phillip Wallace • Robert Golden • Sebastian Silvani (contractor from Booz Allen Hamilton) • Barry Goldman • John Smith. The authors wish to acknowledge the leadership and input from Dennis Smith at the U.S. Department of Energy, and the contributions to this evaluation from New Flyer, Cummins Westport, Inc., John Deere, and Hanover. This report is available from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in PDF at www.nrel.gov/docs/fy06osti/37626.pdf. Kevin Chandler and Erin Eberts Margo Melendez Battelle National Renewable Energy Laboratory iii Table of Contents Foreword........................................................................................................................................iii List of Figures................................................................................................................................. v List of Tables .................................................................................................................................. v Acronyms and Abbreviations ........................................................................................................ vi Executive Summary...................................................................................................................... vii Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 1 Fleet Profile: Washington Metropolitan Transit Authority ............................................................ 3 Emission Reduction Programs.................................................................................................... 3 Compressed Natural Gas Bus Program....................................................................................... 4 Future Bus Orders....................................................................................................................... 4 CNG Propulsion Technology.......................................................................................................... 5 Cummins Westport, Inc. ............................................................................................................. 5 John Deere Power Systems......................................................................................................... 6 Evaluation Results .......................................................................................................................... 8 Vehicle System Descriptions ...................................................................................................... 9 Implementation Experience ...................................................................................................... 11 Routes and Bus Use .................................................................................................................. 14 Fuel Consumption, Economy, and Cost ................................................................................... 16 Maintenance Costs by Vehicle System..................................................................................... 23 Roadcalls................................................................................................................................... 26 Summary of Operating Costs.................................................................................................... 28 Summary of Results...................................................................................................................... 29 References..................................................................................................................................... 30 Appendices.................................................................................................................................... 32 iv List of Figures Figure 1. Results of 2002 WMATA Emission Testing, Central Business District Cycle .............. 2 Figure 2. WMATA CNG Transit Bus............................................................................................. 2 Figure 3. WMATA’s Service Area................................................................................................. 3 Figure 4. CWI C Gas Plus Engine .................................................................................................. 6 Figure 5. John Deere Power Systems 6081H Natural Gas Engine................................................. 7 Figure 6. CNG Fueling Area at Bladensburg................................................................................ 12 Figure 7. CNG Fueling Dispenser at WMATA............................................................................ 12 Figure 8. Maintenance Facility at Bladensburg ............................................................................ 13 Figure 9. Fuel Economy (mpg) of Diesel Buses at Bladensburg (All Data) ................................ 17 Figure 10. Monthly Fuel Economy (mpDGE) of CNG Buses at Bladensburg (All Data) ........... 18 Figure 11. Monthly and Cumulative Maintenance Cost for Diesel Buses ($/Mile, All Data) (for diesel buses, All Data = Evaluation Period)........................................................... 21 Figure 12. Monthly and Cumulative Maintenance Cost for CWI CNG Buses ($/Mile, All Data).......................................................................................................... 22 Figure 13. Monthly and Cumulative Maintenance Cost for Deere CNG Buses ($/Mile, All Data).......................................................................................................... 22 Figure 14. Cumulative MBRC for Diesel Buses (All Data) (for diesel buses, All Data = Evaluation Period)......................................................................................................... 26 Figure 15. Cumulative MBRC for CNG Buses (All Data)........................................................... 27 List of Tables Table 1. WMATA Vehicles Tested in 2002 ................................................................................... 1 Table 2. CWI C Gas Plus Engine Specifications and Ratings........................................................ 6 Table 3. Specifications and Ratings for Deere 6081H Natural Gas Engine ................................... 7 Table 4. Current Transit Demonstration Sites for the Deere 6081H Natural Gas Engine.............. 8 Table 5. Evaluation Buses and Data Periods .................................................................................. 8 Table 6. WMATA Diesel and CNG Bus System Description Summary ..................................... 10 Table 7. Emissions Certification Levels (g/bhp-hr)...................................................................... 11 Table 8. Summary of CNG Bus
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