Soybean Rust (Phakopsora Pachyrhizi) ORIGIN: First Identiﬁ Ed in Japan in 1902

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Soybean Rust (Phakopsora Pachyrhizi) ORIGIN: First Identiﬁ Ed in Japan in 1902

INVASIVE PATHOGENS THREATENING ILLINOIS HABITATS- Woodlands: Forests, Timber, Windbreaks... Soybean Rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) ORIGIN: First Identifi ed in Japan in 1902. CURRENT DISTRIBUTION: Fist found in the US in Ha- waii in 1994 and then Louisiana in 2004. Reported in sev- eral southern states. Detected in Illinois late in the growing seasons of 2006 and 2007, late onset believed to pose no serious threat to those crops. Worldwide it has been identifi ed throughout Asia, Australia, Africa, and South America. SYMPTOMS: First symptoms include yellowing patches of foliage during the growing stage of the plants. These de- velop into concentrated specks of tan brown or reddish le- sions concentrated on the leaf veins which spread throughout the leaf killing off portions of the plant. The fungus than develops into cone shaped pustules on the bottom surface of the leaf which produce light-colored powdery spores from which it spreads. Foliage with chlorotic spotting. IMPORTANCE: Infected fi elds have shown a loss of 10 to 80% of total yield. HOST (RANGE): Primary host plants are soybean (Glycine max), Glycine soja, Jicama (Pachyrhizus erosus), Kudzu (Pueraria lobata) and Cow Pea (Vigna unguiculata. Kudzu can also serve as a seconary host from which the fungus can over-winter. Management: Some fungicides have been reported to be useful in protecting against the spread of the fungus. Developing and planting disease resistant varieties is currently underway. The removal and destruction of sec- ondary hosts of the already invasive Kudzu plants is also becoming more important. Close up of leaf developing pustules for producing spores. ILLINOIS COOPERATIVE AGRICULTURAL PEST SURVEY Photo Credits: Courtesy of Bugwood Forestry Network. Photos: Reid Fredrick.

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Isolation, Purification, and Characterization of Phakopsora Pachyrhizi Isolates D.A
Isolation, Purification, and Characterization of Phakopsora pachyrhizi Isolates D.A. Smith1, C. Paul2, T.A. Steinlage2, M.R. Miles1, and G.L. Hartman1,2 1USDA-ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 2University of Illinois, Department of Crop Sciences, Urbana, IL 61801 Introduction: Fig. 1. Locations of P. pachyrhizi isolates Fig. 2. Single spore isolation Soybean rust, caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, was first reported in the continental United States in November 2004. Over the last 30 years, an international isolate collection has been maintained and used for research at the USDA-ARS Fort Detrick containment facilities. Since 2004, isolates have been collected by Picking a single spore Single pustule from various researchers in the U.S. In our case, P. from water agar plate single spore transfer pachyrhizi isolates have been obtained from 2006 and 2007 across the U.S. Maintaining, purifying, and characterizing isolates requires a commitment since keeping live cultures of the pathogen requires multiple resources. The goal of this research is to maintain an isolate collection to measure the pathogenic and Inoculated detached leaves are molecular variability of P. pachyrhizi across Isolate from kudzu Isolate from soybean years and locations. incubated in a tissue chamber Fig. 3. Reaction types for Developing a differential set of soybean Objectives: soybean rust accessions to characterize P. pachyrhizi • Isolate and purify P. pachyrhizi isolates as isolates: single spore and composite isolates from • Inoculation of soybean accessions with isolates across the U.S. HR is done in a detached leaf assay • Develop a differential set of soybean • Lesion types are evaluated as a hypersensitive accessions for characterization of P.
[Show full text]
A Synopsis of Phaseoleae (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) James Andrew Lackey Iowa State University
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1977 A synopsis of Phaseoleae (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) James Andrew Lackey Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Lackey, James Andrew, "A synopsis of Phaseoleae (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) " (1977). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 5832. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/5832 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image.
[Show full text]
Studying the Genetic Diversity of Yam Bean Using a New Draft Genome Assembly
agronomy Article Studying the Genetic Diversity of Yam Bean Using a New Draft Genome Assembly Cassandria G. Tay Fernandez 1, Kalidas Pati 1,2, Anita A. Severn-Ellis 1 , Jacqueline Batley 1 and David Edwards 1,* 1 The School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; [email protected] (C.G.T.F.); [email protected] (K.P.); [email protected] (A.A.S.-E.); [email protected] (J.B.) 2 Regional Centre, ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Bhubaneswar 751019, Odisha, India * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Yam bean (Pachyrhizus erosus Rich. Ex DC.) is an underutilized leguminous crop which has been used as a food source across central America and Asia. It is adapted to a range of environments and is closely related to major leguminous food crops, offering the potential to understand the genetic basis of environmental adaptation, and it may be used as a source of novel genes and alleles for the improvement of other legumes. Here, we assembled a draft genome of P. erosus of 460 Mbp in size containing 37,886 gene models. We used this assembly to compare three cultivars each of P. erosus and the closely related P. tuberosus and identiﬁed 10,187,899 candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The SNP distribution reﬂects the geographic origin and morphology of the individuals. Keywords: Pachyrhizus erosus; draft genome assembly; genetic diversity; SNPs; phylogenetic trees Citation: Tay Fernandez, C.G.; Pati, K.; Severn-Ellis, A.A.; Batley, J.; Edwards, D.
[Show full text]
Phakopsora Pachyrhizi) in MEXICO
Yáñez-López et al. Distribution for soybean rust in Mexico 2(6):291-302,2015 POTENTIAL DISTRIBUTION ZONES FOR SOYBEAN RUST (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) IN MEXICO Zonas de distribución potencial para roya de la soya (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) en México 1∗Ricardo Yáñez-López, 1María Irene Hernández-Zul, 2Juan Ángel Quijano-Carranza, 3Antonio Palemón Terán-Vargas, 4Luis Pérez-Moreno, 5Gabriel Díaz-Padilla, 1Enrique Rico-García 1Cuerpo Académico de Ingeniería de Biosistemas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario, Cerro de las Campanas s/n, CP. 76010, Querétaro, México. [email protected] 2Campo Experimental Bajío, (CEBAJ-INIFAP). Km 6.5 Carretera Celaya-San Miguel de Allende. Celaya, Guanajuato, México. 3Campo Experimental las Huastecas, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Carretera Tampico-Mante Km. 55, Villa Cuauhtémoc, Tamaulipas, México. 4Universidad de Guanajuato, Instituto de Ciencias Agricolas, Apdo. Postal 311. Irapuato, Guanajuato, México. 5Campo Experimental Cotaxtla. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias. Km. 3.5 Carretera Xalapa-Veracruz. Colonia Ánimas. Xalapa, Veracruz. Mexico. Artículo cientíco recibido: 18 de julio de 2014, aceptado: 16 de febrero de 2015 ABSTRACT. Asian Soybean Rust is one of the most important soybean diseases. Since the past decade, some im- portant soybean production areas in America, like Brazil and the United States of America, have been aected by this disease. Due to the seriousness of this threaten,
[Show full text]
Introduction to Neotropical Entomology and Phytopathology - A
TROPICAL BIOLOGY AND CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT – Vol. VI - Introduction to Neotropical Entomology and Phytopathology - A. Bonet and G. Carrión INTRODUCTION TO NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY AND PHYTOPATHOLOGY A. Bonet Department of Entomology, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Mexico G. Carrión Department of Biodiversity and Systematic, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Mexico Keywords: Biodiversity loss, biological control, evolution, hotspot regions, insect biodiversity, insect pests, multitrophic interactions, parasite-host relationship, pathogens, pollination, rust fungi Contents 1. Introduction 2. History 2.1. Phytopathology 2.1.1. Evolution of the Parasite-Host Relationship 2.1.2. The Evolution of Phytopathogenic Fungi and Their Host Plants 2.1.3. Flor’s Gene-For-Gene Theory 2.1.4. Pathogenetic Mechanisms in Plant Parasitic Fungi and Hyperparasites 2.2. Entomology 2.2.1. Entomology in Asia and the Middle East 2.2.2. Entomology in Ancient Greece and Rome 2.2.3. New World Prehispanic Cultures 3. Insect evolution 4. Biodiversity 4.1. Biodiversity Loss and Insect Conservation 5. Ecosystem services and the use of biodiversity 5.1. Pollination in Tropical Ecosystems 5.2. Biological Control of Fungi and Insects 6. The future of Entomology and phytopathology 7. Entomology and phytopathology section’s content 8. ConclusionUNESCO – EOLSS Acknowledgements Glossary Bibliography Biographical SketchesSAMPLE CHAPTERS Summary Insects are among the most abundant and diverse organisms in terrestrial ecosystems, making up more than half of the earth’s biodiversity. To date, 1.5 million species of organisms have been recorded, although around 85% of potential species (some 10 million) have not yet been identified. In the case of the Neotropics, although insects are clearly a vital element, there are many families of organisms and regions that are yet to be well researched.
[Show full text]
Phakopsora Cherimoliae (Lagerh.) Cummins 1941
-- CALIFORNIA D EPAUMENT OF cdfa FOOD & AGRICULTURE ~ California Pest Rating Proposal for Phakopsora cherimoliae (Lagerh.) Cummins 1941 Annona rust Domain: Eukaryota, Kingdom: Fungi Division: Basidiomycota, Class: Pucciniomycetes Order: Pucciniales, Family: Phakopsoraceae Current Pest Rating: Q Proposed Pest Rating: A Comment Period: 12/07/2020 through 01/21/2021 Initiating Event: In September 2019, San Diego County agricultural inspectors collected leaves from a sugar apple tree (Annona squamosa) shipping from a commercial nursery in Fort Myers, Florida to a resident of Oceanside. CDFA plant pathologist Cheryl Blomquist identified in pustules on the leaves a rust pathogen, Phakopsora cherimoliae, which is not known to occur in California. She gave it a temporary Q-rating. In October 2020, Napa County agricultural inspectors sampled an incoming shipment of Annona sp. from Pearland, Texas, that was shipped to a resident of American Canyon. This sample was also identified by C. Blomquist as P. cherimoliae. The status of this pathogen and the threat to California are reviewed herein, and a permanent rating is proposed. History & Status: Background: The Phakopsoraceae are a family of rust fungi in the order Pucciniales. The genus Phakopsora comprises approximately 110 species occurring on more than 30 dicotyledonous plant families worldwide, mainly in the tropics (Kirk et al., 2008). This genus holds some very important and damaging pathogen species including Phakopsora pachyrhizi on soybeans, P. euvitis on grapevine, and P. gossypii on cotton. Phakopsora cherimoliae occurs from the southern USA (Florida, Texas) in the north to northern Argentina in the south (Beenken, 2014). -- CALIFORNIA D EPAUMENT OF cdfa FOOD & AGRICULTURE ~ Annona is a genus of approximately 140 species of tropical trees and shrubs, with the majority of species native to the Americas, with less than 10 native to Africa.
[Show full text]
Asian Soybean Rust Asian Soybean Rust Is a Serious Disease of Soybeans Caused by the Fungus Phakopsora Pachyrhizi
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory - Invasive Fungi Fact Sheets Asian soybean rust Asian soybean rust is a serious disease of soybeans caused by the fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi. Until recently this disease did not occur on soybean in the western hemisphere but it spread to South America in 2001 and was found for the first time in North America in November 2004. A second, similar-looking rust fungus, P. meibomiae, also infects soybeans but is much less virulent and occurs primarily in the western hemisphere. It is important to differentiate between these two rust species but this can only be done reliably using molecular techniques. Both P. pachyrhizi and P. meibomiae infect numerous leguminous plant hosts. Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd. & P. Syd., Ann. Mycol 12:108. 1914 Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Anamorph sori (Malupa-type) amphigenous, mostly hypophyllous, circular, minute, pulverulent, whitish becoming pale cinnamon-brown, scattered or in groups on discolored spots, subepidermal becoming erumpent, cone-like, 1-2 mm diam, surrounded by paraphyses, with a central opening; paraphyses cylindric to clavate, 25-50 × 6-14 µm, slightly thickened at the apex, colorless to pale yellowish-brown; anamorph spores sessile, obovoid to broadly ellipsoidal, 18-37 × 15-24 µm, wall 1-1.5 µm thick, minutely and densely echinulate, colorless to pale yellowish brown, sometimes pale cinnamon-brown in age; germ pores (2) 3-5 (-10), equatorial or scattered on equatorial zone, or occasionally scattered on and above the equatorial zone, usually inconspicuous. Telia hypophyllous, minute, 0.15-0.5 mm across, often intermixed with anamorph sori, chestnut brown to chocolate brown, subepidermal, crustose; teliospores one-celled, irregularly arranged in 2-7 layers, variable in shape, angularly globose, oblong to ellipsoidal (10-) 15-26 × 6-13 µm, wall 1-1.5 µm thick, slightly thickened at the apex (-3 µm), colorless to yellowish brown.
[Show full text]
<I>Heterodera Glycines</I> Ichinohe
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Theses, Dissertations, and Student Research in Agronomy and Horticulture Agronomy and Horticulture Department Summer 8-5-2013 MULTIFACTORIAL ANALYSIS OF MORTALITY OF SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) POPULATIONS IN SOYBEAN AND IN SOYBEAN FIELDS ANNUALLY ROTATED TO CORN IN NEBRASKA Oscar Perez-Hernandez University of Nebraska-Lincoln Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/agronhortdiss Part of the Plant Pathology Commons Perez-Hernandez, Oscar, "MULTIFACTORIAL ANALYSIS OF MORTALITY OF SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) POPULATIONS IN SOYBEAN AND IN SOYBEAN FIELDS ANNUALLY ROTATED TO CORN IN NEBRASKA" (2013). Theses, Dissertations, and Student Research in Agronomy and Horticulture. 65. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/agronhortdiss/65 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Agronomy and Horticulture Department at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses, Dissertations, and Student Research in Agronomy and Horticulture by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. MULTIFACTORIAL ANALYSIS OF MORTALITY OF SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) POPULATIONS IN SOYBEAN AND IN SOYBEAN FIELDS ANNUALLY ROTATED TO CORN IN NEBRASKA by Oscar Pérez-Hernández A DISSERTATION Presented to the Faculty of The graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Major: Agronomy (Plant Pathology) Under the Supervision of Professor Loren J. Giesler Lincoln, Nebraska August, 2013 MULTIFACTORIAL ANALYSIS OF MORTALITY OF SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) POPULATIONS IN SOYBEAN AND IN SOYBEAN FIELDS ANNUALLY ROTATED TO CORN IN NEBRASKA Oscar Pérez-Hernández, Ph.D.
[Show full text]
First Report of Soybean Rust Caused by Phakopsora Pachyrhizi on Phaseolus Spp
Plant Disease Note 2006 | First Report of Soybean Rust Caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi on Phaseolus spp. in the United States 06/21/2006 04:54 PM Overview • Current Issue • Past Issues • Search PD • Search APS Journals Sample Issue • Buy an Article • Buy a Single Issue • CD-Roms • Subscribe Acceptances • Online e-Xtras • For Authors • Editorial Board • Acrobat Reader Back First Report of Soybean Rust Caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi on Phaseolus spp. in the United States. T. N. Lynch, Department of Crop Science, University of Illinois, Urbana; J. J. Marois, Department of Plant Pathology, North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy; D. L. Wright, Department of Agronomy, North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy; P. F. Harmon, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville; C. L. Harmon, Southern Plant Diagnostic Network and Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville; and M. R. Miles, USDA-ARS, Urbana, IL; and G. L. The American Hartman, USDA-ARS and Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Phytopathological Society Urbana. Plant Dis. 90:970, 2006; published on-line as DOI: 10.1094/PD-90- (APS) is a non-profit, professional, scientific 0970C. Accepted for publication 4 April 2006. organization dedicated to the study and control of plant diseases. Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd. & P. Syd., the cause of soybean rust, was first Copyright 1994-2006 observed in the continental United States in November 2004 (2). During the The American Phytopathological Society growing season of 2005, P. pachyrhizi was confirmed on soybean (Glycine max) and/or kudzu (Pueraria montana) in nine states in the southern United States.
[Show full text]
Curriculum Vitae
CURRICULUM VITAE STEVEN A. WHITHAM Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology Iowa State University Tel: 515-294-4952 4203 Advanced Teaching & Research Bldg. Fax: 515-294-9420 2213 Pammel Dr. Email: [email protected] Ames, IA 50011-1101 ORCID: 0000-0003-3542-3188 Web page: https://www.plantpath.iastate.edu/whithamlab/ Education: 1995: Ph. D. Plant Pathology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 1992: M.S. Plant Pathology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 1990: B.S. Agricultural Biochemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA Professional Experience: 2012 – Professor, Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 2013 – Director, Center for Plant Responses to Environmental Stresses, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 2007 – 2012 Associate Professor, Department of Plant Pathology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 2000 – 2007 Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Pathology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 1999 – 2000 Staff Scientist, Torrey Mesa Research Institute, Inc., San Diego, CA 1996 – 1999 Postdoctoral fellow, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University and Department of Biology, Texas A&M University. Advisor: Dr. James C. Carrington 1995 – 1996 Postdoctoral research, USDA-ARS & Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA. Advisor: Dr. Barbara Baker 1990 – 1995 Graduate Student, Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Berkeley, CA. Advisor: Dr. Barbara Baker Honors and Awards: Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science
[Show full text]
Effect of Substrate Characteristics on the Growth and Sporulation of Two
fermentation Article Effect of Substrate Characteristics on the Growth and Sporulation of Two Biocontrol Microorganisms during Solid State Cultivation Ga Young Lee 1,2, Wenqi Li 1 , Ulalo M. Chirwa 1 and Jian Shi 1,* 1 Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; [email protected] (G.Y.L.); [email protected] (W.L.); [email protected] (U.M.C.) 2 Department of Food Science, Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences, Jakarta Timur 13210, Indonesia * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +(859)-218-4321; Fax: +(859)-257-5671 Received: 27 June 2020; Accepted: 14 July 2020; Published: 17 July 2020 Abstract: Biocontrol agents are a group of naturally occurring organisms capable of interrupting the lifespan and suppressing the propagation of disease organisms. The use of biocontrol agents offers an environment-friendly and sustainable solution to the synthetic agrochemicals. In this study, we investigated parboiled rice and millets as substrates for spore production of two model biocontrol microorganisms (Bacillus pumilus and Streptomyces griseus) under solid state cultivation (SSC) conditions. The effects of cultivation parameters such as initial moisture content, water activity, and cultivation time on microbial growth and spore production were studied. Furthermore, texture profile analysis was performed to test the stress and strain curve and the hardness and stickiness of the substrates. The greatest spore production occurred at 50% moisture content with millets as a substrate, yielding a count of 1.34 108 spores/g-wet-substrate enumerated with plate count analysis × and 1.70 108 events/g-wet-substrate using flow cytometry analysis.
[Show full text]
Minnesota's Top 124 Terrestrial Invasive Plants and Pests
Photo by RichardhdWebbWebb 0LQQHVRWD V7RS 7HUUHVWULDO,QYDVLYH 3ODQWVDQG3HVWV 3ULRULWLHVIRU5HVHDUFK Sciencebased solutions to protect Minnesota’s prairies, forests, wetlands, and agricultural resources Contents I. Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 1 II. Prioritization Panel members ....................................................................................................... 4 III. Seventeen criteria, and their relative importance, to assess the threat a terrestrial invasive species poses to Minnesota ...................................................................................................................... 5 IV. Prioritized list of terrestrial invasive insects ................................................................................. 6 V. Prioritized list of terrestrial invasive plant pathogens .................................................................. 7 VI. Prioritized list of plants (weeds) ................................................................................................... 8 VII. Terrestrial invasive insects (alphabetically by common name): criteria ratings to determine threat to Minnesota. .................................................................................................................................... 9 VIII. Terrestrial invasive pathogens (alphabetically by disease among bacteria, fungi, nematodes, oomycetes, parasitic plants, and viruses): criteria ratings
[Show full text]