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As Formigas Do Brasil Jacques H. C. Delabie, Rodrigo M. Feitosa, José Eduardo Serrão, Cléa S. F. Mariano, Jonathan D. Majer Organizadores Jacques Delabie, Rodrigo Feitosa, José Eduardo Serrão, Cléa Mariano, Jonathan Majer As formigas Poneromorfas do Brasil Ilhéus-Bahia 2015 Copyright © 2015 by JACQUES H. C. DELABIE, RODRIGO M. FEITOSA, JOSÉ EDUARDO SERRÃO, CLÉA S. F. MARIANO, JONATHAN D. MAJER Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz Direitos desta edição reservados à GOVERNO DO ESTADO DA BAHIA EDITUS - EDITORA DA UESC RUI COSTA - GOVERNADOR SECRETARIA DE EDUCAÇÃO OSVALDO BArrETO FILHO - SECRETÁRIO A reprodução não autorizada desta publicação, por qualquer meio, seja total ou parcial, UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE SANTA CRUZ constitui violação da Lei nº 9.610/98. ADÉLIA MARIA CArvALHO DE MELO PINHEIRO - REITORA EVANdrO SENA FREIRE - VICE-REITOR Depósito legal na Biblioteca Nacional, conforme Lei nº 10.994, de 14 de DIRETORA DA EDITUS dezembro de 2004. RITA VIRGINIA ALVES SANTOS ARGOLLO Conselho Editorial: Rita Virginia Alves Santos Argollo – Presidente Andréa de Azevedo Morégula DIAGRAMAÇÃO E CAPA André Luiz Rosa Ribeiro Alencar Júnior Adriana dos Santos Reis Lemos Dorival de Freitas FOTOS Evandro Sena Freire Retirados do site AntWeb.org Francisco Mendes Costa REVISÃO José Montival Alencar Júnior Roberto Santos de Carvalho Lurdes Bertol Rocha Jacques H. C. Delabie, Maria Laura de Oliveira Gomes Rodrigo M. Feitosa, Marileide dos Santos de Oliveira José Eduardo Serrão, Raimunda Alves Moreira de Assis Cléa S. F. Mariano, Roseanne Montargil Rocha Jonathan D. Majer Sílvia Maria Santos Carvalho Tércio S. Melo Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação (CIP) F725 As formigas poneromorfas do Brasil / Jacques H. C. Delabie...[et. al.]. – Ilhéus, BA: Editus, 2015. 477 p. : il Inclui referências. ISBN: 978-85-7455-398-6 1. Formiga. 2. Formiga – Classificação. 3. Formiga – Compor- tamento. 4. Formiga – Ecologia. 5. Formiga – Morfologia. I. Delabie Jacques H. C. CDD 595.796 EDITUS - EDITORA DA UESC Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16 - 45662-900 - Ilhéus, Bahia, Brasil Tel.: (73) 3680-5028 www.uesc.br/editora [email protected] EDITORA FILIADA À Prefácio Karl von Frisch, ganhador do prê- ecossistemas, e usá-las para redesenhar mio Nobel, biólogo comportamental e a evolução precoce da eusocialidade. Em descobridor da comunicação pela dança particular, espécies sem nenhuma diferen- em abelhas, observou que a vida desses ça morfológica entre reprodutores e não insetos é como um poço mágico; quan- reprodutores, tais como as Dinoponera to mais você tirar dele, mais ele se enche ou diversas Platythyrea, tornaram-se mo- de água. Mas o que ele teria dito sobre o delos estimulantes para pesquisar como mundo das formigas, ou mesmo sobre o indivíduos morfologicamente uniformes mundo das poneromorfas? Um único gê- puderam alcançar uma divisão de traba- nero de abelhas com apenas nove espécies lho reprodutivo estável e como conflitos é tão excitante e há tantas coisas para des- familiares entre indivíduos totipotentes cobrir que dá para preencher a vida cien- são resolvidos. Outros táxons foram utili- tífica de centenas de geneticistas, etólogos zados para elucidar a ação de poderosos e, e ecologistas, para não mencionar os mi- às vezes alergênicos, venenos, a flexibilida- lhares de apicultores e funcionários dos de dos sistemas de comunicação química e centros de pesquisa sobre abelhas. O que, acústica, ou a evolução do cariótipo. então, podemos esperar dos aproxima- A presente compilação cobre gran- damente 70 gêneros de Amblyoponinae, de parte do que é preciso saber sobre as Ectatomminae, Heteroponerinae, Parapo- formigas poneromorfas neotropicais. Seus nerinae, Ponerinae e Proceratiinae, repre- 30 capítulos bem escolhidos dão uma vi- sentados por cerca de 1.800 espécies? são geral apropriada sobre a sua história Mesmo uma rápida olhada nas fo- taxonômica, ecologia e comportamento, e tografias de microscopia eletrônica de serão de grande ajuda para todos que es- varredura do catálogo de Bolton ilus- tudam as formigas nas Américas do Sul e trando os gêneros de formigas do mun- Central. Ela vai certamente interessar ento- do deveria despertar o interesse de qual- mólogos novatos e amadores interessados ​​ quer um que gosta da natureza. O que pela Mirmecologia e, desta forma, garante Thaumatomyrmex está fazendo no mundo que, assim como a abelha mágica de von com os suas forquilhas faciais? Por que Frisch o fez perfeitamente, a pesquisa vai Discothyrea mantém constantemente seu continuar a produzir resultados excitantes abdômen enrolado? E como é a sensação e deslumbrantes sobre o mundo fascinante de ser picado pelas tocandeiras gigantes do das formigas. gênero Paraponera? Além destas reflexões espontâneas de amador, os mirmecólogos do mundo inteiro têm considerado as poneromorfas Jürgen Heinze LS Zoologie / Evolutionsbiologie por muito tempo modelos ideais para es- Universität Regensburg tudar diversos aspectos da vida social das D-93040 Regensburg formigas, para desvendar sua função nos http://www.uni-regensburg.de/evolution Preface Karl von Frisch, Nobel-prize winning redraw the early evolution of eusociality. In behavioral biologist and discoverer of particular, species without morphological the dance communication in honeybees, differences between reproductives and remarked that the life of bees is like a non-reproductives, such as Dinoponera magic well; the more you draw from it, the or several Platythyrea, have become more it fills with water. But what would he attractive systems for investigating how have said about the world of ants, or even morphologically uniform individuals about the world of poneromorph ants? Just achieve a stable division of reproductive one genus of honeybees with some nine labor and how kin conflict among totipotent species provides so much excitement and individuals is resolved. Other taxa have so many things to discover as to fill the served to elucidate the action of potent and scientific lives of hundreds of geneticists, sometimes allergenic venoms, the flexibility ethologists, and ecologists, not to of chemical and acoustic communicatory mention the thousands of beekeepers and systems, or karyotype evolution. employees of bee institutes. What then, The present compilation covers much can we expect from the approximately 70 of what there is to know about Neotropical genera of Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae, poneromorphs. Its 30 well-chosen chapters Heteroponerinae, Paraponerinae, give an overview about their taxonomic Ponerinae and Proceratiinae, representing history, ecology, and behaviour and will be a total of close to 1800 species? an enormous help for everybody studying Even a brief browsing through the ants in Central and South America. It will scanning electron photographs of ants in certainly attract novice entomologists Bolton’s catalogue of the ant genera of the and perhaps also interested amateurs to world would certainly arouse the interest of myrmecology and in this way guarantees everyone fond of nature. What in the world that, like von Frisch’s magic honeybee well, is Thaumatomyrmex doing with its facial research will continue to yield exciting manure forks? Why is Discothyrea steadily and stunning results about the fascinating curling its abdomen? And how might it feel world of ants. to be stung by giant Paraponera bullet ants? Apart from these spontaneous amateur musings, myrmecologists around the world have long regarded poneromorph Jürgen Heinze LS Zoologie / Evolutionsbiologie ants as ideal models to study various aspects Universität Regensburg of the social life of ants, to uncover their D-93040 Regensburg role in ecosystems, and to use them to http://www.uni-regensburg.de/evolution Sumário 1 As formigas Poneromorfas do Brasil - Introdução Jacques H. C. Delabie, Rodrigo M. Feitosa, José Eduardo Serrão, Cléa S. F. Mariano, Jonathan D. Majer ...................9 2 A subfamília Amblyoponinae na região Neotropical Flavia Esteves, Brian Fisher ..............................................................................................................................13 3 Estado da arte sobre a taxonomia e filogenia de Ectatomminae Gabriela P. Camacho, Rodrigo M. Feitosa..........................................................................................................23 4 Estado da arte sobre a taxonomia e filogenia de Heteroponerinae Rodrigo M. Feitosa .........................................................................................................................................33 5 Estado da arte sobre a Filogenia, Taxonomia e Biologia de Paraponerinae Itanna O. Fernandes, Jorge L. P. de Souza, Fabricio B. Baccaro ............................................................................43 6 Estado da arte sobre a taxonomia e filogenia de Ponerinae do Brasil John E. Lattke .................................................................................................................................................55 7 Estado da arte sobre a taxonomia e filogenia de Proceratiinae Rodrigo M. Feitosa .........................................................................................................................................75 8 Filogenia e sistemática das formigas poneromorfas Fernando Fernández, John E. Lattke .................................................................................................................85 9 Lista das Formigas Poneromorfas do Brasil Rodrigo M. Feitosa .........................................................................................................................................95
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