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Moscow-Peking Dispute Sharpens — See page 2 MILITANT Forced Labor in Angola — See page 3 Published in the Interests of the Working People Khrushchev's Attack on Abstract Art — See page 7 Vol. 26 - No. 47 Monday, December 24, 1962 P rice 10c 111 ! 111111111111141111J11 ' 11111111<11111111111 ?! 111 * 11U:•! iiuitiiiiii iiiiiiiiM tiiiiiiiiiuiii ...... Striking N. Y. Printers Peace Women Deal Blow Prepare for Long Haul By Jack Katz To HUAC Witch Hunters NEW YORK — The militant fered the union a wage increase of and determined Big Six printers 55 cents a week for the first year DEC. 18 — The reaction of the munism.” By so doing, they gave have won the admiration of the of the new contract with the Women Strike for Peace move­ the witch hunters a resounding entire New York labor movement balance of about $3.75 going prin­ ment to the House Un-American set-back. as th e y con tinu e to “ stop the cipally toward the payment of Activities Committee has hit the The WSP stand was summed up presses” with round-the-clock welfare fringe benefits to keep American political scene like the by the testimony of Mrs. Dagmar picket lines in freezing weather at them from diminishing in value. first rain after a long drought. Wilson, initiator of the movement, the entrances of all the daily pa­ A message of international sol­ Through its representatives who when she appeared before the pers. idarity thrilled the pickets when were subpoenaed by the commit­ committee Dec. 13. The last of the The strike is turning into a siege. they learned that the French tee, the movement has, in effect, 12 women subpoenaed, the 46- The publishers seem determined printers had refused to handle challenged the basic premise of year-old Washington, D.C., moth­ to try to break the workers’ spirit teletype punched by strikebreak­ the cold war and witch hunt. That er declared: “I have no way of and w ill to win. They have offered ers to the New York Times’ P aris premise is the myth that there is controlling, or desire to control, nothing* beyond their last proposal edition. Similar support came from a “communist threat” which over­ those who wish to join us in our before the strike — a package of printers on the Tim es’ West Coast rides all other social considera­ efforts for peace. Unless everyone approximately $8. This was the ed ition. tions. in the whole world joins us in this amount the Newspaper Guild set­ This was the only strikebreak­ The Women Strike for Peace fight then God help us.” tled for at the D a ily News in O c­ ing attempt by the publishers, activists simply stood firm on the Stood F irm tober and the publishers there­ since the strike and lockout began, principle of their movement — Rep. Clyde Doyle (D-Cal.), after offered it to the other crafts to move news copy. It failed the idea that the struggle for chairman of the subcommittee on a take-it-or-Ieave basis. q u ic k ly . peace is the most important issue conducting the inquisition, tried to For virtually every picket, this facing humanity, more important P a tte rn make it appear that Mrs. Wilson than anybody’s fear of “com- An editorial in the Dec. 17 N a­ (Continued on Page 3) was a “loyal” but misguided tional Observer, an authoritative American being used by “Com­

weekly paper put out by the pub­ ¿iiiiiiiiiiiiimimiiniimmiiiiiiiiimiiHiiimmiiiimiimiiiimiiMimiimHiniininiminiiniMimiiimmiimimHimiiiimiiiiiimiimiiiiiimiiii'iiiiimiinmití munists” who supposedly con­ lishers of the W all Street Journal, trolled the movement. This at­ says: “No longer are the printers tempt fell flat as Mrs. Wilson showing the way . .. [in its posi­ stuck to her main point — the tion of leadership] . . . Often the I Free Clyde Kennard! I struggle against war and nuclear Guild signs a contract first and contamination — and refused to Photo by Robert Joyce the publishers use this as a pat­ An urgent campaign to free a fined $600 and his appeal was get sidetracked. tern for all other unions. Thus it young Negro, who was framed up denied. She avoided giving the com­ Mrs. Dagmar Wilson was in New York when the Guild and sent to the Mississippi State He persisted in trying' to enter mittee names of participants. She last month won a raise of about Penitentiary for attempting to en­ M S U and in 1960 was charged said she was proud of those who on Washington to support those with receiving and being an ac­ $8 a week. The one-time leader, roll at lily-white Mississippi worked with her — including subpoenaed. They filled the hear­ the International Typographical Southern University, has been cessory to the theft of $25 worth those the committee had attempt­ ing room, presented bouquets of Union, once again was asked to fol­ launched by the Student Non­ of chicken feed. A teenager, who ed to smear. She made it clear she flowers to the witnesses and ap­ low along with a similar settle­ violent Co-ordinating Committee. confessed the actual theft, named thought it desirable and necessary plauded their statements in de­ m ent.” SNCC is the dynamic civil-rights Kennard and was given five years to work with peace groups in fiance of the committee. At least President Bertram A. Powers of organization which has been in on probation. Kennard was sent other countries, including those in 86 women throughout the country New York Typographical Union the forefront of the sit-ins and to prison for seven years. SNCC the Soviet bloc. volunteered to join the 12 who voter-registration projects in the Chairman Charles McDew says, No. 6 told a meeting of the strik­ When asked if she planned any were subpoenaed, and to appear on South. “The only ‘crime’ Clyde Kennard ing and locked-out workers Dec. action “to prevent Communists the witness stand. The committee committed . . . was acting on his 16 that the heart of the union s Clyde Kennard, 33, the frame- from assuming positions of lead­ ignored these volunteers. belief that he could, as an Amer­ demands was a return to the basic up victim, has already been in ership in WSP, or to eliminate On Dec. 12, W ashington, D.C., ican, enter the school of his principle of negotiation. The pub­ prison almost two years. His case Communists who have already as­ peace groups organized a “public choice.” lisher, he said, has reversed this occurred before James Meredith’s sumed such positions,” she replied: hearing” of their own at which procedure and for the past ten success in breaking the color bar SNCC has begun a campaign of “Certainly not!” persons prominent in the peace years has used the Guild pattern at the University of Mississippi petitions to President Kennedy and civil-liberties movements ap­ as a standard fo r the p rin te rs . attracted world attention. After and Attorney General Robert Ken­ According: to Doyle peared as “witnesses.” The mem­ “We’ve gone into negotiations finishing three years at the Uni­ nedy. SNCC also suggests: 1) let­ In a post-hearing interview bers of the House Un-American knowing what our money would versity of Chicago, Kennard had ters to both Kennedys, to your Doyle said he wasn’t opposed to Activities Committee had also been be,” he said. to return home to Hattiesburg. congressmen and senators; 2) let­ peace groups if they were “pa­ invited to give “testimony,” but Unknown to most New Yorkers He then applied for admission to ters to your local newspapers; 3) triotic and devoted to our form none appeared. is the fact that the publishers of­ M SU. In the fa ll o f 1959, upon a telegram campaign to the White of government.” Asked to name a Before the three-day hearings returning to his auto after an in­ House; 4) registered letters (to peace group that met his qualifica­ involving WSP began Dec. 11, a terview with the MSU president insure delivery) to Kennard at tions, he said he didn’t know of spokesman explained that the and another state official, he was Parchman State Penitentiary, any. But he wouldn’t say that the movement’s participants would arrested for reckless driving. At Parchman, Miss.; 5) picketing lo­ Women Strike for Peace is not act as individuals before HUAC the station a charge of illegal pos­ cal federal buildings; 6) picketing p a trio tic . and that “each takes her stand as session of liquor was added. Since local Mississippi state offices and W e ll over 500 w om en — fro m her own conscience requires and he neither smokes nor drinks, the chambers of commerce. various parts of the country in­ no woman speaks for another.” “finding” of liquor in his car was SNCC’s address is: 6 Raymond cluding California, Michigan, Ver­ - There appeared to be no general an obvious frame-up. Yet he was St. NW, Atlanta 14, Georgia. mont and Illinois — descended (Continued on Page 4) Khrushchev 'Explains' His Cuba Policy

By Tom Kerry parently served to impel Khru­ planned aggression against Cuba, doing that? Exclusively humani­ The Cuban crisis and its after- shchev into explaining, motivating his reply warrants extensive tarian motives — Cuba needed math w ill have — is already hav­ and defending the course of action quotation, especially since the weapons as a means of containing ing —• widespread ramifications taken by Moscow. capitalist press carried only skim­ the aggressors and not as a means affecting every aspect of cold- At the Dec. 12 session- of the py excerpts of his remarks: of attack. For Cuba was under a war foreign policy for both camps. Supreme Soviet of the Union of “United States policy vis-à-vis real threat of invasion. Piratical Explanations and disclosures Soviet Socialist Republics, Khru­ Cuba is the most unbridled reac­ attacks were repeatedly made on concerning the course of action shchev presented a major report tionary policy. To declare that her coasts, Havana was shelled pursued by Washington and Mos­ entitled: “The Present Interna­ Cuba allegedly threatens America, and airborne groups were dropped cow during the height of the crisis tional Situation and the Foreign or any other country, and to usurp, from planes to carry out sabotage. are shedding some light on the Policy of the Soviet Union.” All on this plea, a special right to act “A large scale m ilitary invasion conflict’s more obscure aspects. the direct quotations from the against Cuba is just monstrous. of Cuba by counter-revolutionary From the American side, the Khrushchev report cited in this “Seeking to justify its aggres­ mercenaries was launched in Cuba Saturday Evening Post article, by article are taken from the text sive actions, American reaction is in A pril of last year. This invasion Stewart Alsop and Charles Bartlett made public by the Soviet Mission repeating that the crisis in the was prepared and carried out with “The White House in the Cuban to the United Nations. Caribbean was allegedly created full support on the part of the Crisis,” has sparked a heated con­ Khrushchev' sought to explain, by Cuba herself, adding that the United States. troversy over the role played by in his report, one puzzling — at blame rests also with the Soviet “Further events have shown the various actors in deciding the least to this writer — aspect of Union which shipped there rockets that the failure of the invasion course of action taken by the Ken­ Soviet action in Cuba: Why, in and ‘IL-28’ bombers. did not discourage the United nedy administration. the light of- subsequent develop­ “But is this so? It is true that States imperialists in their desire From the Russian side, the ments, did the Kremlin install we carried weapons there at the to strangle Cuba. They began sharp criticisms of Kremlin policy missile bases on Cuban soil? Cor­ request of the Cuban government. preparing another attack. In the by the Chinese and Albanians, ap­ rectly flaying Washington for its But what motives guided us in (Continued on Page 4) Page T w o THE MILITANT Monday, December 24, 1962 China-Soviet R ift at Crisis Stage THE NATIONAL By Fred Halstead drawn up by Lenin was the de­ few months was necessary to con­ cree on peace. And although Ger­ solidate the revolution and build The Moscow-Peking dispute has mans at that time occupied quite a Red Army. A group including reached a new stage and is ap­ a great part of the territory of Bukharin favored rejecting the proaching a crisis point. This is Russia, V. I. Lenin and our entire harsh German terms and waging revealed by speeches at recent country sought to end the war a revolutionary war. Trotsky Communist Party congresses in and sign a peace treaty with the agreed with Lenin’s estimate that city minimum wage on the grounds iour European countries and by The relative importance a t­ Germans. time was needed. But he antici­ that it would put New York City Soviet Premier Khrushchev’s tached by the Kennedy adminis­ pated an early German rising and garment manufacturers at a com­ speech of Dec. 12. “A delegation was sent to Brest tration to civil rights on the one headed by Trotsky who then also proposed a third course: “Neither hand and to the campaign to “get” petitive disadvantage with firms Before this month neither the styled himself a Marxist. But he war nor peace.” Teamster President James R. Hof- in other parts of the country — Chinese nor the Soviets referred went against the party, provoca­ Trotsky proposed to stall in the fa on the other can be judged by an admission that ILGWU con­ directly to each other in their pub­ tively broke up the peace negotia­ negotiations, and use the fact that the statistics on grand juries. tracts allow the employers to pay lic arguments. At the congress of tions with the Germans, and left the eyes of the world were on There was an increase of 50 in abysmally low wages to many the Italian Communist Party which Brest. Then Vladimir Lenin had Brest-Litovsk to expose the im­ the number of grand juries con­ w orkers. opened in Rome Dec. 2 some of to send Chicherin and the peace perialist powers and spread rev­ vened by Attorney General Rob­ The Citizens Committee has this double-talk was dropped. treaty was signed. History has olutionary agitation. This, he ert Kennedy’s Justice Department opened a statewide campaign to Italian CP head, Palmiro Tog- confirmed the correctness and the hoped, would help precipitate the in 1962 ove r those called in 1961. secure enactment of a state min- liatti, began the changed form of genius of Lenin’s foresight. It has expected rising in Germany. If Only one of these involved civil imum-wage law in the coming argument in his opening address. shown that the road outlined and the rising were delayed, said rights, only two involved anti­ session of the legislature, with He criticized the Chinese — by defended by Lenin in the struggle Trotsky, and it became impossible tru s t cases, b u t 32 are rep orted to broad coverage to include such name — for supporting the Al­ against pseudo-revolutionaries was to stall any longer, the Soviets have involved Hoffa or the Team­ groups as farm workers and banians. Chao Yi-ming, fraternal should unilaterally quit the war sters. domestics. The committee has ob­ delegate to the conference from without signing the German peace The Teamster prosecutions have tained the endorsement and sup­ the Chinese party’s central com­ term s. already cost U.S. taxpayers be­ port of the Buffalo AFL-CIO mittee, replied Dec. 4 directly to Narrow Vote tween two and three million dol­ Council, representing the largest Togliatti’s attack. He openly stated Trotsky’s position was adopted lars according to Drew Pearson’s grouping of organized labor in the differences exist between the by the central committee of the Dec. 10 column. state outside New York City. Chinese and other Communist party by a narrow vote of 9 to Constantine Sedares, coordinator parties. 7, and he carried it out. After * # * of the committee, who spoke be­ fore the Buffalo union group, also Defends Cuba Policy s ta llin g as long as possible, the Aerospace workers at Boeing met on Dec. 12 with the president Frol R. Koslov, head of the Rus­ Soviet delegation issued the fa­ Co. have voted by a three-to-one of the Buffalo Branch of the sian fraternal delegation, attacked mous de cla ration o f Feb. 10, 1918, majority for a union shop. The NAACP who pledged the support only Albania directly, but blasted that Russia was “dropping out” 30,000 Boeing workers in Seattle of his organization to the cam­ of the war. are represented by the Interna­ all criticism of Khrushchev’s Cuba paign. policy in an exceptionally sharp It created a world-wide sensa­ tional Association of Machinists “ We intend,” Randolph declared, manner. A similar pattern was tion, but the German uprising was and the 3,500 in Philadelphia by “to make the minimum-wage seen at recent congresses in Hun­ still delayed. The German com­ the United Auto Workers. In re­ question a maj(3r issue in the gary, Bulgaria and Czechoslovakia. mand broke the armistice and be­ cent elections at several other forthcoming session of the legis­ gan an offensive on Feb. 18. In aerospace corporations, both the Then followed Khrushchev’s lature. We w ill not remain dormant meetings of the Bolshevik central IAM and the UAW gained majori­ Dec. 12 speech to the Supreme V. I. Lenin while hundreds of thousands of committee that same day, the ad­ ties, but failed to obtain the two- Soviet in which the terminology low-paid, exploited workers of vocates of revolutionary war were thirds necessary for a union shop. of excommunication was used the only reasonable and true this state, of whom the over­ adamant. So was Lenin in his The two-thirds requirement was against the Albanians. They were roa d.” whelming number are Negroes and position that the peace terms established by a federal mediation accused of following “Trotskyite” A number of falsifications of Spanish-speaking persons, con­ should be accepted. Trotsky broke recommendation accepted by the policies. In Stalin’s time that political positions are implied in tinue to be denied even the the deadlock by voting with unions. charge meant a definite break and th is quote as w e ll as at least one L e n in . minimal standards of economic was leveled at those party leaders * * * outright lie on a matter of fact. As it turned out, the Germans and social justice.” intended to destroy. In his speech The lie: Khrushchev says Trotsky now insisted on even harsher The New York City minimum- * * * Khrushchev virtually called for “went against the party.” The terms, which Lenin ohce again in­ wage law, which was prevented the overthrow of the Albanian CP International Typographical Un­ fact: Trotsky was authorized by sisted must be accepted. Trotsky from going into effect last month leaders. ion members have been known to the Bolshevik central committee to disagreed, but feared a split lead­ by an injunction obtained by res­ Commenting on the speech, the complain about the high dues they do just what he did at Brest. ership could not successfully taurant and laundry employers, London. Times observed: “He was pay — often over $30 per month prosecute a war against the Ger­ has been declared invalid by the careful . . . for the most part to Documentation — to keep up the union’s strike man offensive. He abstained in the State Supreme Court on the refer' to China indirectly, using Readers can find the documen­ fund. Members of the union now votes to allow Lenin’s position to grounds that it conflicts with state tation in English on this point in striking four New York City news­ half-a-dozen different roundabout carry the committee. The peace law. The law was to have pro­ ways while leaving not the slight­ Vol. 3 of the Hoover War Library papers and locked out on four was signed. The expected German vided a $1.25 minimum beginning Publications, Stanford University others, complain no longer. Ac­ est doubt about his real target. rising finally did occur Nov. 3, N ov. 31, 1962 and a $1.50 m in im u m Press, 1934. A de tailed and w e ll- cording to the Wait Street Journal, The whole performance was an 1918, b rin g in g do w n the K aiser, a year later. documented account of the entire married men receive $98 per week eleventh-hour warning that a ending World War I and nullify­ breach could not be avoided if Brest-Litovsk affair appears in It is estimated that some 500,- — clear — in strike benefits. ing the Brest Treaty terms. 000 New York City workers — the Chinese continued their present Isaac Deutscher’s The Prophet * * * course and their criticism of A rm e d , Oxford University Press, Tactical Problem most of them Negroes and Puerto Ricans — work for less than $1.50 “ 3.3 Million Women are U n io n M oscow .” 1954. Khrushchev’s contention that an hour. The city welfare depart­ Members.” “ 2V\ Million of the A review of the Brest events Trotsky’s actions were “ultra Central Thrust ment considers at least $2.00 an Women in the Labor Force are reveals some of Khrushchev’s left” and that Lenin pursued a hour for a head of a family to be Heads of Families.” “End Sex The central thrust of Khrush­ falsifications. The Bolshevik’s took Khrushchev-type accommodation necessary for a minimum stand­ Discrimination in Employment.” chev’s speech is to accuse his po w e r on N ov. 7, 1918 p ro m isin g with capitalist powers is ridicu­ ard of decency. These were among the slogans Communist critics of advocating to end Russia’s participation in the lous. The dispute was over tactics displayed at the recent Midwest nuclear war. This he says is the First World War in which she was and timing. A ll three groups at A Philip Randolph, head of the Women’s Activities Conference of only possible logic of what he allied with Britain, France, the the time agreed on an active pol­ Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Por­ the United Packinghouse Work­ calls their “leftist dogmatic” pol­ U.S., etc., against Germany and icy of spreading the revolution. ters and of the Negro American ers. icy, which led them to criticize its allies. The slogan, “Peace,” Trotsky later said that Lenin’s Labor Council, declared the court his actions in the Cuba crisis. more than any other, won the Brest policy proved to be the decision “shocking” and a “tragic Khrushchev sees the only hope for Bolsheviks the support of the Rus­ wiser. But it is pertinent to recall blow” to 200,000 city workers ex­ peace in a long-term accommoda­ sian masses over the other parties that Lenin himself advocated a pecting, an increase this year un­ tion with the capitalist powers — which supported or equivocated re v o lu tio n a ry w a r p o lic y in 1920 der the $1.25 an hour provision. Weekly Calendar which he calls “peaceful co­ on the war. after Pilsudski’s Polish armies in­ Randolph sponsors the Citizens existence.” Committee for a $1.50 Minimum On N ov. 8, the ne w S oviet gov­ vaded the Ukraine and the Red He does not argue against the Hourly Wage which pushed the LOS ANGELES ernment proposed to the world a Army pushed them back. This Leninist position that the drive law through the city council. Sig­ Celebrate New Year's Eve with friends three-month armistice for the ne­ time the positions in the central toward war is an integral part of nificantly, the committee was not of The Militant at 1702 East Fourth St. gotiation of a general peace “ w ith­ committee were reversed. capitalist economy; that as long supported by the city’s largest un­ Entertainment, dancing, refreshments. out annexations or indemnities.” Lenin carried a majority for as capitalism exists, the war ion, the International Ladies Gar­ • The Western allies refused. The continuing the advance toward danger exists; that peace can be ment Union, *or by the Amal­ Germans, directly facing the Rus­ Warsaw, counting on a Polish N E W YO R K maintained only by revolutionary gamated Clothing Workers which sian front, entered negotiations workers’ uprising. Trotsky, who DON’T MISS the gala New Year's opposition to each war move of has most of the city’s laundries or­ w ith the Soviets at Brest. They set was head of the Red Army, voted Eve p arty at 116 University PI. spon­ the capitalist governments. He ganized. The ILGW U opposed the harsh terms for peace, including no on grounds that the army was sored by the Militant Labor Forum. doesn’t admit that such a position too exhausted to go further w ith­ exists. huge slices of the territory of the former Russian Empire. out a disastrous defeat. Trotsky According to Khrushchev, if you proved right this time. The offen­ Three different positions in the aren’t for the Kremlin making sive turned into a disastrous re­ Bolshevik central committee then secret deals w ith capitalist powers, tre a t. developed on this problem. A ll the in search of an accommodation, Khrushchev, trained ip the INTRODUCTORY OFFER! Bolsheviks at that time agreed you are for blowing up the human Stalin school, doesn’t choose to that the fate of the Soviets de­ race — and that’s all there is publicize the fact that in the pended on a revolution in Ger­ to it. Bolshevik Party of Lenin’s time, A Four-Month Subscription many which would halt the Ger­ Khrushchev tries to show that differences were common — even man war machine and bring the Lenin was for making the kind differences with Lenin — and To The Militant for only $1 war to a close. They also agreed of accommodation the Kremlin were argued out honestly and set­ that when the German people now seeks, that Trotsky was a tled by majority vote. Even Lenin rose up, the Soviets would aid “left dogmatist,” who tried to dis­ wasn’t infallible — and he didn’t them m ilitarily to overthrow the rupt such accommodations and claim to be. that Khrushchev’s present Com­ Kaiser and end the war. munist critics “advocate the same The dispute was over when the ...... Zone provocative policy that Trotsky German rising could be expected Cuba Risk Rate Cut had followed in his time.” and whether it might be precipi­ On Dec. 7 London underwriters He illustrates this many-sided tated by the Soviets immediately lowered war, strike, riot and civil State ...... falsification by referring to the launching a revolutionary war commotion risk insurance for peace negotiations at Brest-Litovsk against the Kaiser. voyages to, from or between Shortly after the Bolshevik Rev­ These were the three positions: Cuban ports to the basic level of Send to The Militant, 116 University Place, olution. Khrushchev stated: Lenin was for immediate peace ninepence (about 10 cents) per New York 3, N.Y. “When the revolution conquered, even on the German imperialists’ 100 pounds ($280) fo r bo th im ­ the first decree of the Soviet power terms. He said a “respite” of a ports and exports. ^Monday, December 24, 1962 THE MILITANT Page T h re e

EXPLOITED AFRICA Forced Labor in Angola

By Victor Moazul not practice forced labor. As far form of a beating on the hands as they are concerned ‘coercive w ith the palmatoria, an instru­ ALGIERS — A historic maxim labor’ is ‘free' labor. ment the shape of a table-tennis of the plunderer, which has come But a glance at the Portuguese bat filled with holes, which in­ down from the days of armed laws shows that the ‘Colonial flicts great pain and damage on conquest is: ‘To civilize the A fri­ Charter’ for instance, affirms the the victim. can is to make him work.’ This right of the Portuguese authorities In both Angola and Mozambi­ has been expressed in practice to use forced labor for public que the Africans are ruthlessly in the Portuguese colonies by sub­ works and for producing market­ deprived of the best land which jecting the Africans — men, wo­ able crops. has been confiscated for European men and children — to forced These clauses have been put enterprises. In Mozambique about labor from which there is no into effect without inhibition, and one-fifth of the land — half the escape. every year 250,000 Angolans are cultivated land — is reserved for At the beginning of the century rented out to agricultural, mining a small European minority. In the employment of workers on and construction concerns. In Mo­ Angola more than four-fifths of Angola’s plantations and in the zambique 400.000 are subjected to the coffee plantations belong to a mines was still carried out in forced labor, o f w h om 100,000 are few settlers, and those Africans many cases by outright slave la­ exported to the mines of South who have been fortunate enough bor; today this has been modified Africa and the Rhodesias. to keep land, since the laws to ‘contract labor.’ But despite the “Lucrative” prevent them from owning urban change of label, the content re­ and rural property, constitute an Professor Marvin Harris, writing mains the same. insignificant proportion. The system of labor relations in in Portugal’s African Wards (N e w Cash Crops Angola is incredible by practically York, 1958) says that ‘today in any modern standard. The Africans Mozambique all active male in d í­ Most peasant farmers are forced Bartolomeo Vanzetti (left) and Nicola Sacco during the long have neither the right to freedom genas [natives] between the ages to grow cash crops instead of food period of their imprisonment before martyrdom in Massachusetts* of speech or of forming trade of 18 and 55 years are presumed for themselves and their families, electric chair in 1927. unions or political parties — nor to be “idle” unless they can prove and these crops, such as cotton, A well-known writer has thrown some new light on their the contrary.’ The very existence do these rights exist for the Por­ are bought by the government at infamous frame-up trial. In the Dec. 22 issue of the “Nation,” Fred of forced labor, this American a fixed low price. Over 70 per tuguese either. But the entire J. Cook, in a careful study of the case, reveals new evidence writer adds, compels ‘not merely cent of agricultural production of existence of the African is govern­ that the fingerprints discovered on the get-away car used in the ed by violence. 100,000 workers, but the over­ both Angola and Mozambique is whelming majority of Mozam­ performed by Africans. holdup-murder were neither presented at the trial nor mentioned Fake Claim bique’s African males, to partic­ While landlords and companies thereafter. The Portuguese claim to ‘civiliz­ ipate in the European economy on amass enormous wealth from the Cook quotes the Brockton, Mass., “Times” of April 20, 1920, ing’ the Africans cannot be sub­ terms which are deeply injurious exploitation of the Africans, the which reported: “ ‘The [get-away] car was brought to the Brock­ stantiated at all. When an exam­ to native welfare, but highly lu­ latter are degraded to a subhuman ton police garage in City Hall Square, from where it was later ination is made of the arguments crative for the Europeans, espe­ status. B u t in the year 1957, fo r taken to Boston by the state officers. Photos of fingerprints were cially in the neighboring territo­ advanced by the colonizer, it is instance, six companies made a first made.’ ” found that practically the opposite ries.’ profit which averaged 49 per cent of all they claim is true. There is The colonialist state plays a of their capital. Although many references were made to these fingerprints not the slightest evidence, in fact, fundamental role in the exploi­ Indeed Salazar’s frantic bellows by the Brockton “Times,” they were never mentioned at the trial. that the Africans have made any tation process. Revenue is derived about civilizing the Africans are “Obviously,” writes Mr. Cook, “Sacco and Vanzetti’s prints were real progress in the 500 years from the export of forced laborers merely a smoke-screen for plunder not on the murder car.” If they had been, the “fingerprint evi­ since the Portuguese first arrived. under agreements concluded be­ and reflects the excesses of a dy­ dence would have become the major, irrefutable item in the state’s Rather their conditions have de­ tween the Portuguese government ing system. arsenal of proof.” teriorated. with South Africa for the supply The machinery of forced labor o f contratados, or contracted la­ is so all-embracing that it leaves borers. no room for an African worker to Reservoir dodge it. He must either succumb These agreements make sure or leave the country. For an An­ that the government of Portugal W orld Events golan or .a Mozambican to remain has an ever-present interest in the in his country without a job supply of Africans to the foreign On-and-Off Strikes in Italy prevents the Belgian company for ly foerthan he who helps an armed means, with very few exceptions, the next three months from par­ mines. More important is that in Telephone workers in Rome invader,” Nyere announced. to be seized by the authorities and ticipating “directly or indirectly, exchange for African labor, South went on strike Dec. 14, joining the sent to work for a nominal wage, in any manner or capacity, in any British Justice Africa guarantees that half of the newspaper workers and school on government public works: exportation of any commodity or A UPI dispatch of Dec. 9 from Rand exports w ill pass through teachers who were already out. highways, docks, public buildings, technical data from the U.S., to Newbury, England, reports that the port of Lourenco Marques in The newspaper workers went back etc. His wages amount to less than any foreign destination, including “David Hoggett, 33, who has been Mozambique — thus providing to work Dec. 16 to put out the $60 a year, plus the barest m ini­ Canada.” paralyzed from the chest down still further revenue for the Por­ papers for two days and then mum of food and lodging in since 1956, goes to p riso n to m o r­ tuguese government and lucrative resume the strike for another five barracks. March Against Hunger row for refusing to pay a $14 transport and forwarding business days. Most of these strikes are the Banned by the Argentine au­ fine.” The fine was imposed be­ To escape this fate he allows for European commercial concerns. result of the inflation and are for thorities from organizing a peace­ cause he participated in an anti- himself to be rounded up for work Apart from having no trade- cost-of-living increases. nuclear demonstration at a U.S. on contract to a private employer. union or civil rights, the African ful “march against hunger,” small a ir base. But the conditions are very little is deprived even of merely human Flaunt Sabotage Law groups of demonstrators in Buenos Aires fought with police, who better, and in practice it can be protest against this system. Saboteurs cut between 20 and used tear gas to disperse them, on An Unlikely Story said that forced labor is general Should a European complain of an 30 telephone wires in Port Eli­ This column has previously re­ in p riv a te concerns as w e ll as in African’s ‘rudeness,’ the latter can zabeth, Union of South Africa, the Dec. 8. The demonstrators retaliat­ ed by pelting the cops w ith stones, ported the arrest of the editors government projects. be sent before a local administra­ night of Dec. 3. Communication pieces of iron pipe and Molotov and publisher of Hankook Ilbo, a The Portuguese authorities, tor who w ill punish him at once with all main towns except Cape­ cocktails. South Korean newspaper, despite claiming a ‘civilizing mission’ without so much as an inquiry. town were thus cut off for two their attempt to placate the m ili­ pretend to the world that they do The punishment usually takes the and one half hours. A telephone W ar on Hunger tary dictatorship by a “voluntary” box in Capetown was also blown In Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanganyika’s suspension of publication for three up the same night. In the past days. Now army' prosecutors have three months there have been capital, President Nyere opened the first session of the new re­ sent Han Nam Hee, a reporter for over 40 acts of sabotage in South public’s parliament by declaring the paper, before a court martial ... New York Printers’ Strike Africa despite — or because of the war on poverty, ignorance and on charges of having falsely re­ introduction of the death penalty (Continued from Page 1) the corner from the Tim es. The ported that Gen. Park Chung Hee, for the offense. disease. “Anybody who refuses to is the first time he or she has ever hotel workers local opened its take part in this war or hinders strongman of the ruling military been on strike. It is the union’s doors to the strikers for the dura­ Chinese Quote Trotskyists the efforts of his neighbors is junta, planned to organize a B rit­ first strike in 65 years of con­ tion of the strike. On Dec. 6th, H sinhua, the C h i­ guilty of helping a far more dead­ ish-type socialist labor party. tractual relations with the New A heartening donation of $25,000 nese news agency, quoted Sam a- York Publishers’ Association. was received by Big Six from the sam ajist, newspaper of the Ceylon The strikers and the locked-out Chicago Typos who recalled in Section of the Fourth Internation­ printers carried into this great their telegram a similar donation al as follows: “There is no doubt struggle their remarkable tradi­ by New York when Chicago print­ that a decision made by the Chi­ ers struck the T rib u n e fo r 18 Local Directory tion of internal democracy and nese Government to cease fire and their ability to run their own af­ m onths in 1948. retreat w ill cause immense satis­ fa irs. No one familiar with the New faction to everyone but the im­ BOSTON. Boston Labor Forum, 295 NEWARK. Newark Labor Forum, Box While the pickets may be new York labor movement and spe­ perialists and the reactionaries. Huntington Ave., Room 200. 361. Newark, New Jersey. at it, probably no strike in New cifically with Big Six has any Two things become clear from this York labor history has been con­ CHICAGO. Socialist Workers Party, NEW YORK CITY. Militant Labor doubts that the printers would action of the Chinese Government. 802 South Canal St., Room 210. W E 9-5044. Forum, 116 University Place. AL 5-7852. ducted in as careful, efficient and walk the picket line for 18 months First, it proves that the imperial­ Ii no answer, call HU 6-7025. orderly manner. Every striker and more, if necessary. Since they ist and reactionary allegation that OAKLAND-BERKELEY. Labor Book signs in before his tour of duty CLEVELAND. Eugene V. Debs Hall, Shop and Socialist Workers Party, 563 can’t start the presses without the China tried to commit aggression Room 23, 5927 Euclid Ave., Cleveland 3, 16th St., Oakland 12, Calif. TE 6-2077. and signs out after the comple­ workers, that event w ill come only against India is a lie and that O hio. If no answer call 261-5642. tion of his rounds. Shifts on the when the publishers abandon their China’s object was only to fix her DENVER, Militant Labor Forum, 1227 PHILADELPHIA. Militant Labor Forum 24-hour picket lines are according present attitude and proceed to boundary. Second, it is clear that California. Main 3-0993. For labor and so­ and Socialist Workers Party, P.O. Box to shifts worked by the men be­ cialist books International Book Ex­ 8412, P h ila d e lp h ia 1, Pa. bargain. the peaceful proposals now ad­ change. 1227% California. Open 5:30 pjn. fore the walkout. All of this, in­ to 8 p.m. Mon. through Fri. vanced by the Chinese govern­ SAN FRANCISCO. Militant Labor For­ cluding days off from picket duty, ment are to seek a just basis for DETROIT. Eugene V. Debs Hall, 3737 um. Temporarily c/o Oakland-Berkeley Why They Went West (see above). is determined by their priority. the settlement.” Woodward. TEmple 1-6135. T he New York Times chapel The average work week in the LOS ANGELES. Socialist Workers Par­ ST. LOUIS. Phone Main 1-2669. Ask for (shop) elects its union officers U.S. has been shortened by about Washington's Revenge ty, 1702 East Fourth St. AN 9-4953 or Dick Clarke. WE 5-9238. Open 12 noon to 5 p.m. daily every December and once again, 31 hours in the la st 110 years, ac­ The U.S. Department of Com­ and Saturday. SAN DIEGO. San Diego Labor Forum, this year, while on strike, held cording to a report by the Na­ merce has announced a 90-day MILW AUKEE. 150 E. Juneau Ave. P .O . B o x 1581, San O iego 12, C a lif. F o r its secret-ballot elections in the tional Industrial Conference denial of export rights to a Bel­ labor a:id socialist books, Sign of the MINNEAPOLIS. Socialist Workers Party Sun Books, 4705 College Ave. headquarters — fittingly enough Boprd. The report says the work gian oil company for allegedly and Labor Book Store, 704 Hennepin — of Local 6, Hotel and Club Em­ week now averages 39 hours. It shipping petroleum products of Ave., Hall 240. FEderal 2-7781. Open 1 SEATTLE, 1412 18th Ave., EA 5-0191. to 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, Sat­ Library, bookstore. Open 12 noon to ployes Union, which' is just around was 70 hours in 1852. U.S. origin to Cuba. The order urday, 11 a.m.-5 p.m. 5 p .m . S a tu rd a ys. Page F o u r THE M ILITAI*: Monday, December 24, 1962 ... Women Deal a Blow to HUAC THE MILITANT (Continued from Page 1) Editor: JOSEPH HANSEN WSP “strategy” for the hearings Managing Editor: GEORGE LAVAN ' Business Manager: KAROLYN KERRY but none of those subpoenaed co­

Published weekly, except from July 11 to Segt. 5 when published bi-Weekly, operated with the committee’s by The Militant Publishing Ass’n.. 11$ Urilversity PI., New York 3, N.Y. Phone purposes. CH 3-2140. Second-class postage paid at New Vofrk, N.Y. Subscription: $3 a year; Except for Dagmar Wilson, all Canadian, $3.50; foreign. $4.50. Sighed articles by contributors do not necessarily the women refused to answer the represent The Militant’s views. These are expressed in editorials. committee’s questions. Most in­ voked the First and Fifth Amend­ V o l. 26 - No. 47 ^¡®k»345 NÌOnday, D ecem ber 24, 1962 ments. Mrs. Lila Hoffman, of New York, declined to invoke the Fifth, declaring the First Amendment — which guarantees freedom of speech, and assembly — “meets Bill of Rights for Some? the needs of the peace move­ As part of its observance of B ill of Rights day — Dec. 15 — ment.” Mrs. Anna MacKenzie of Westport, Conn., also declined to Attorney General Robert Kennedy’s Justice Department was avail herself of the Fifth. Both engaged in the first prosecution of a political party in U.S. his­ may face contempt of Congress tory. Two days later, the Communist Party was convicted in the citations. U.S. District Court in Washington, D.C. of “crim inally” failing to In addition to the WSP activ­ register as a “Communist action” organization under the McCar- ists, two men from New York ra n A c t. were subpoenaed. Dr. William The party was sentenced to pay the maximum fine — $120,000 Obrinsky of Staten Island invoked the First and Fifth Amendments; — which w ill be held in abeyance pending the appeal to the and John W. Darr, Jr., of the Supreme Court. Greenwich Village Peace Center In refusing to register, the Communist Party has taken the in New York City, declined to in­ only correct position. A ll defenders of civil liberties should sup­ voke the Fifth but refused to for Peace movement has been ef­ ageously and without equivocation. port it in that stand. For the party to have registered under this answer questions on grounds of fective it has been as an action And their action stiffened many bill would aid the administration in persecuting the party. It would conscience. group which — in some places at backbones and rallied behind them least -— has been able to mount a broad unity on civil liberties. It have aided the government in further unconstitutional prosecu­ The peace activists received widespread support in their stand, effective demonstrations against also gained favorable publicity for tions of CP members under the Smith Act. A law which requires as w e ll as considerable favo ra ble specific warlike acts. Among these their stand against war prepara­ an organization to participate in the persecution of its own mem­ publicity. Statements of support were the resumption of nuclear tions and nuclear testing. bers is clearly unconstitutional and a verdict of guilty under it were sent by many prominent tests and the blockade of Cuba. For the first time in many sets a dangerous precedent. persons and organizations inter­ Under HUAC’s fire, WSP showed years, the congressional witch Such precedents, now being set in the witch-hunt against ested in c iv il lib e rtie s, as w e ll as its best side as a broad, militant hunters came off worse — even in the Communist Party, are designed for later use against other by most other peace groups. action organization. Its activists — the daily press —» than their in­ whatever their political differences tended victims. By keeping their working-class and social-protest organizations. The B ill of Rights Among the organizations which urged that the hearings be can­ — agreed on the central point: No eye on their original goal, the Was defiled by the administration this B ill of Rights day. It is up celed were the New York Com­ one who wants to fight for peace Women Strike for Peace partic­ to all those, who value their own right to organize and advocate mittee for a Sane Nuclear Policy is excluded. No witch hunt! We ipants struck an important blow id&as, to right that wrong. It is in the direct interest of every and the national Student Peace are in this to oppose the cold for civil liberties. It is to be hoped lafcbr, radical and civil-liberties organization to defend the Com­ U nion. war, not to contribute to it. they can do as well against each munist Party’s refusal to register under the McCarran Act. Insofar as the Women Strike They acted on that point, cour- specific move toward war. ...Khrushchev's 'Explanation' of His Cuba Line Church Bombed (Continued from Page 1) of relations between states and pies, the devoted friends of Cuba to Havana’s request for military As Kids Ready autumn of this year a very alarm­ the United Nations Charter. in Latin America, they were kept aid with rockets and bombers. ing situation was created: every­ “We decided to extend a help­ in ignorance. And they were Then, when Kennedy reacted with Xmas Pageant thing indicated that the United ing hand to Cuba. We saw a pos­ caught by surprise! a naval blockade of Cuba and a States was preparing to attack the sibility of protecting the freedom- This disregard of the only re­ war-like ultimatum to the Soviet W h ile 25 c h ild re n w ere in the Cuban Republic resorting to its loving people of Cuba by installing liable allies of the Cuban Revolu­ Union, the Kremlin agreed to basement rehearsing a Christmas own armed forces. rockets there so that the American tion played into the hands of the what Khrushchev labels a com­ play, a bomb was thrown at a prom ise. “Revolutionary Cuba was com­ imperialists, if they really decided imperialist aggressors. Regardless Negro church in Birmingham, Ala., pelled to take all measures to to invade, realized that the war of how many genuflections Khru­ In exchange for dismantling the on the evening of Dec. 14. strengthen her defense. The So­ which they threatened to start shchev may make in his speeches missile bases and shipping the The bomb exploded in front of viet Union helped to build up a stood at their own borders, so that and reports to an ikonized and rockets and planes out of Cuba I he home of James R. Reddis, di­ strong army standing guard over they realized more realistically the castrated “Leninism,” this bureau­ and agreeing to on-site inspection, rectly across from the church, in­ the achievements of the Cuban dangers of thermonuclear war. cratic attitude has more in com­ Khrushchev claims to have gotten juring his seven-month-old mon with Stalin than with Lenin. a firm commitment from Wash­ people. In view of the mounting “Confident” daughter. It caved in the entire threat from {he United States, the Lenin was a proletarian revolu­ ington that there would be no “Such was the step we took front of the house and dug a government of Cuba in the sum­ tionist to the marrow of his bone. U.S. invasion of Cuba. because of the serious aggravation crater near the street. mer of this year requested the He taught that the greatest crime Therefore, says Khrushchev, we of the situation. We were con­ The home of the Rev. V. C. Soviet government to render against the revolution was to lie achieved what we set out to do fident that this step would bring Provitt, neighbor of Mr. Reddis further assistance. to the masses, to deceive them, to in the beginning — prevent a U.S. the aggressors to their senses and and minister of the church, was fail to tell them the truth and the invasion of Cuba and, as a by­ “Agreement was reached on a that they —- realizing that Cuba ripped by the explosion, and his whole truth to boot — especially product, stave off the threat of number of new measures, includ­ was not defenseless and that automobile was damaged. when confronted with the threat nuclear war. If you will refer to ing the stationing of several score American imperialism was not all- A section of the church roof of a showdown struggle with the the section of his speech quoted Soviet IRBM’s in Cuba. These powerful — would be compelled was ripped loose, and the children capitalist enemy. No matter how above, Khrushchev explains the weapons were to be in the hands to change their plans. Then the practicing the nativity play were bitter and unpalatable that truth installation of rockets in Cuba by of Soviet m ilitary. need for retaining rockets in Cuba showered with broken glass and might be! That was Lenin’s meth­ stating that: would naturally disappear. plaster. Aims od — he knew no other! “We were confident that this “Indeed, had there been no When a large crowd of Negroes “What were the aims behind step would bring the aggressors to threat of an invasion and had we Contrast to Lenin gathered at the scene after the this decision? Naturally, neither their senses and that they — real­ explosion, police attempted to dis­ had assurances that the United It is not too difficult to envision we nor our Cuban friends had in izing that Cuba was not defense­ perse them with snarling dogs, States would not invade Cuba, how Lenin would have acted mind that this small number of less and that American imperial­ and finally herded bystanders into and would restrain its allies from under circumstances similar to IRBM’s sent to Cuba would be ism was not all-powerful — would two police wagons. this; had the United States guided that confronted by Khrushchev. used for an attack on the United be corppelled to change their plans. Until about four months ago, the itself by this in its policy, there He would have pilloried the ag­ States or any other country. Then the need for retaining roc­ pastor of this thrice-bombed would have been no need for the gressive schemes of the im perialist kets in Cuba would naturally dis­ church was the courageous and “Our aim was only to defend stationing of our rockets in Cuba.” thugs, publicly supported the re­ appear.” determined Rev. F. L. Shuttles- Cuba. We all saw how the Amer­ Khrushchev’s explanation raises quests of the Castro government worth, now secretary of the South­ ican imperialists were sharpening more questions than it answers. In for military aid and explained The Catch ern Christian Leadership Confer­ their knives, threatening Cuba view of the openly expressed ag­ why it was necessary, called upon with a massed attack. We could It is all presented now as part ence, who has been in the fore­ gressive designs of the Kennedy the workers in the advanced cap­ of a well-thought-out plan. The front of almost every aspect of the not remain impartial observers in administration to crush the Castro italist countries and above all in the face of this bandit-like policy, only catch is — there is no firm civil-rights struggle in the South. regime and destroy the revolution, the United States to come to the which is contrary to all standards pledge by the Kennedy adminis­ Cuba was eminently justified in aid of the embattled Cuban Rev­ tration not to invade Cuba; the seeking m ilitary aid. Under com­ olution, and — if all revolutionary policy in Washington is still opèn- mitments previously made the So­ measures failed and a retreat be­ ly proclaimed to smash thè rev­ A pa m ph let viet Union was obligated to pro­ came necessary — explained the olution and destroy the Castro presenting a p ro gra m Socialist Fund vide such aid. reasons why it was necessary to regime; the embargo on Cuba con­ against unemployment The deadline for comple­ Why Secretly? retreat, the limits of the retreat, tinues; the campaign to throttle and the need to begin preparations tion of the $15,000 Socialist But why was the operation con­ the revolutionary movements for a subsequent offensive. W H Y C A N ’T E V E R Y B O D Y Education Fund was Dec. 15. ducted behind a veil of secrecy? throughout the world is accelerat­ The final scoreboard of the Secrecy of a most peculiar kind. The method of Stalin, which ed. HAVE A JOB? There was apparently no attempt only succeeded in disorienting and A few more such Khrushchev drive will appear in our next By Fred Halstead to conceal the operation from the demoralizing the masses, was to “victories” and the anti-capitalist issue. 16 pages prying lenses of American air sur­ call every defeat a victory and struggle w ill be crucified! A more Meanwhile, contributions veillance which photographed the every retreat an advance. In his reasonable explanation of the 10c per copy are still welcomed and need­ installations without let or hin­ report, Khrushchev claims a Kremlin policy in Cuba is that the 13 copies fo r $1 ed. If you are in a position to, drance. No real effort at conceal­ smashing victory for his policy in whole plan, as outlined by Khru­ the Cuban events. Why? send your contribution today m e n t was made so fa r as W ash­ shchev, was designed to engineer Pioneer Publishers ington was concerned but the sup­ The argum ent runs as fo llo w s: a deal with Washington to trade to: Socialist Education Fund, 116 University Place porters of the Cuban Revolution, Having become convinced that an the Cuban missile bases and roc­ 116 University Place, New N ew Y o rk 3, N. Y. York 3, N.Y. the workers of the entire world, invasion of Cuba was imminent, kets for concessions in Europe — the anti-capitalist colonial peo- Khrushchev hastened to respond only it backfired. M onday, D ecem ber 24, 1962 THE MILITANT Page F ir e

Southern Student on Cuba people. Their revolution is unique, 'Competitive Co-Existence' A Bill of Rights for Infants: lobbied without regard or concern a popular movement permeated by The right to be bom complete — for the Latin American peoples. Detroit, Mich. Nashville, Tenn. a thirst for social justice and without deformations, the right to These same self-centered mo­ Thank you for the complemen­ guided by the highest and most Tom Kerry’s article on peaceful good health. tivations backfired on the entire co-existence came along at the tary copies of The Militant and universal ideals of scientific hu­ Strange that such simple desires foreign policy. Cuba, under the International Socialist Review. manism yet to be espoused by a right time. I had just been talk­ should be denied anyone in any dedicated and inspired leadership ing about it with a shopmate who They arrived during the Cuban nation. If only Uncle Sam would society. of Dr. Fidel Castro, developed án crisis and while many of other keep his claws out of her back is strongly influenced by the There are few doctors you can economic policy of world-wide students were sitting around I’m sure it wouldn’t take Cuba Communist Party. trust. And those few are limited proportions. Meanwhile such or­ gloomily listening to their tran­ long to build the kind of com­ I can agree that the Communist by present knowledge and its ganizations as the Hearst press sistor radios I was reading up on munity where the fruits of man’s Party concept of peaceful co-ex­ availability. This capitalist, society dedicated themselves to war-mon- Cuba. Your material with its so­ labor would flower beyond the ex­ istence — i.e., abandoning the pays scant attention to medical gering. A continuing build-up of cialist viewpoint and humanist pectations of men anywhere. I principle of independent, class- research. lies, hate and suspicion regarding values helped give me a perspec­ now have faith in what the Cuban struggle politics in favor of sup­ the Pearl of the Antilles, was You can add another fear to the tive and was invaluable in helping people are trying to do and some­ porting capitalist parties — is as promulgated by a narrow, capital­ me to arrive at a somewhat thing within me would die if I phony as a $3-bill. But how does long list already burdening us ist-oriented press. reasonable analysis of the events heard that my country had again these days. And that is the fear one answer the question in the Yet the remainder of the world, of those harrowing days. landed with guns and bombs on to give birth. form it was raised by Khrushchev as evidenced by the recorded her peaceful shores. After being exposed to some of during his visit to the U.S.? In I’ll bet the thalidomide tragedies votes in the United Nations and haven’t been the only ones — nor the actual documents of the Cu­ I distributed the M ilita n ts and the speech where he said some­ the conferences of neutral states, the last — foisted on us by a ban Revolution — especially the International Socialist Reviews thing about “We will bury you would tend to think otherwise. moving speeches of Dr. Fidel among the more open-minded stu­ yet” he gave a concept of co-ex­ money-hungry drug industry. Castro — I have a deep sense of dents and faculty members and I istence as meaning peaceful “com­ But you w ill grow up. And then? R.K. admiration and respect for the must admit that I was surprised petition” between states with The fact that you have to sur­ courage and idealism of the Cuban to find that some of my fellow planned economies and capitalist vive wars to become president of Havana Diet students had suddenly become states. Can one conclude that, the USA is interesting. Havana, Cuba hungry for information about given a measure of equilibrium It would also help to be born We nave now moved into our positive alternatives for our eco­ between the Soviet Union and the a m an — n o t a w om an. own apartment. What a change! 10 Y E A R S AGO nomic and political problems. The U.S., that their economic system But sister, that w ill change. So­ And what heaven to get two dreadful shudder of futility that w ill “outrun” capitalism? Doesn’t cialism is one generation closer for pounds of steak (officially it’s 1% settled over the classrooms during this have some truth when one you. pounds, but when there is more, the Cuban crisis seems to have considers the influence on world Even now we could go to Cuba N THE MILITANT more is distributed). The rice fin­ sobered a few of them to the real­ politics exerted by the rising as­ or China and realize all our tal­ ished on me last night. The ration ities of life and death in this nu­ pirations of the colonial world? ents, not just part of them. “The American Civil Liberties is six pounds £>er person per clear age. For example, I chal­ Their aspirations tend to “ freeze” Not really. We’re neither Cuban Union has washed its hands of month in two-week quotas and lenged some of my anti-Castro the equilibrium and to give some or Chinese. We’re Yankees. the case of Ethel and Julius Rosen­ we ate it in eleven days; which friends to read also. Two of them credence to this theory. So in Yankeedom we’ll live and berg who have been sentenced to means that we eat more rice than are now advocating Castroism for It is not only workers here who die. But if mom and pop have death, in peacetime, on the charge all our co-workers, who all say all of Latin America! Several should be considered. This idea is their way it w ill be in a socialist of violating the Espionage Act by the quota is more than enough. others are doing research papers spread in the Soviet Union itself USA and as Yankee socialists. supplying top-secret information Potatoes, fruits and vegetables on Cuba — and with a new insight to foster the illusion among the are quite plentiful and we have to the Kremlin. into the problems of the Cuban M , Rains masses of the Soviet workers that enough canned milk (six cans “To believe the ACLU, there is people. everything is for the best. There no issue of civil liberties involved Anti-Cuba Policy per person per month) to have To my Cuban brothers I would is some measure of truth in this café con leche twice a day. (Chil­ in their case at all. According to San Francisco, Calif. say: “Don’t give up on the stu­ too. They have seen their country dren get a quart of fresh m ilk a the ACLU there • has been ‘no dents of America. Don’t forget that rise from the terrible destruction Selfish business interests in day.) We also get tinned meat and denial of due process of law.’ It we too have been fighting against of World War II to become first 1960 en forced the S ug a r E m bargo five eggs a month, chicken about has been unable to find a shred of tremendous odds. Once we under­ in many things. Thanks to a Act which was the beginning of every two weeks, sausage, maca­ evidence that the death sentences stand the forces that determine our planned economy, production is turning the Cuban Revolution to­ roni, etc. Even two small pack­ were motivated by ‘political or destiny we w ill do what is neces­ rolling along at 100 per cent of ward the Soviet bloc. ages of cream cheese and other religious considerations.’ . . . sary to bring them under control. capacity (or better), the standard Determined, at the risk of Am er­ cheeses and a little butter. “Yet there are quite a few Many of us would like to visit of living is rising, there is under­ ican security, to regain capital in­ Anyone who complains of hun­ honest and consistant defenders of employment, if anything, etc. you but, as you so well know, vestment, and the destruction of ger is just plain crazy. civil liberties who feel uneasy there is a solid wall around us. How would Kerry answer this hemispheric balance, these same about the Rosenberg case. Among But a growing number of us shout argum ent? Wall Street and other concerns. Repatriate them is Arthur Garfield Hays, across the waters to you. Vence­ Jim Campbell . . the general counsel for the re m o s!” American Civil Liberties Union. Reader [T o m K e r r y ’s Dec. 3 a rtic le , “Mr. Hays is by no means so “Peaceful Co-Existence — What Is certain that the Rosenbergs re­ Bouquet Dep't It?” didn’t purport to cover all ceived the fullest measure of con­ Chicago, 111. aspects of the question. He plans stitutional safeguards in their trial to deal with the issue raised by Please renew my subscription . . ‘So far as I know, there is Jim Campbell in a coming article. for one year. As for suggestions no precedent for a death penalty Meanwhile, the views of other on improving the paper, in my in a case like this,’ he said . . . readers on this w ill be welcomed. opinion, yours is a very flexible What precedent can the ACLU policy. In the event of an impor­ —E d i t o r .] cite? . . . tant speech by Premier Fidel Cas­ “By washing its hands of the tro, President Dorticós or others, Rosenberg case the ACLU has you furnish us with the complete Bill of Rights for Infants capitulated shamefully. The “Our little group in Kadikoy T h a t’s th e jo b o f The Militant. text — which is most appreciated Los Angeles, Calif. enemies of civil rights are out was very happy to receive our old Now we must do our job. We and unique. Random thoughts while nursing for blood. The ACLU has an­ frie n d , The Militant, in a ne w have until D ecem ber 31, to fu lfill You strive to cover the most K a th y : nounced itself willing to permit current trouble spots in the world. form. Let us hope that the paper, our quotas. Do your Xmas shop­ 1 wonder if there is any other the witch-hunters to obtain their The frequent letters to the editor with its regular weekly appear­ ping the easy way: GIVE A country in the world where you first blood-lettings — through Ihe cover subjects which might have ance w ill now exercise not only a SUBSCRIPTION TO THE M ILI­ would be ashamed to nurse an in­ TANT! civil courts, no more no less!” — otherwise not been covered. doubled but a tenfold influence fant in public. The U.S. with its Dec. 29, 1952. As for the suggestion of readers . . . The world crisis, the Spanish sex-symbol advertising makes it who complain of the lack of ar­ Revolution, the great events in Scoreboard difficult to feel free to nurse in ticles explaining socialism, I feel Germany — all these put vast the park, on the bus, etc. tasks before The Militant. W ith A rea Quota Subs Pet. 20 YEARS AGO that those individuals could order pamphlets on various phases of I do it sometimes but wonder best Communist greetings, yours, Bloomington 10 41 410 if I could be arrested for indecent L . T ro ts k y . K a d ik o y , J u ly 19, “But the New York T im e s as­ socialism which are listed at mod­ D e tro it 100 157 157 est prices in The Militant. T h is is exposure. Makes you realize the 1931.” sumes far too much when it at­ B a ltim o re 10 14 140 too broad a subject to be covered long drawn out effect of old op­ Thirty-one years have passed tributes the heroic defense put up Connecticut 30 41 137 in a newspaper striving to furnish pressive prudish New England. since The Militant printed the by the Russian workers and as complete a picture as possible So here we sit in our two-by- above letter. Hot-wars, cold-wars, N e w Y o rk 150 183 122 peasants solely to nationalist of the world scene. four called home. A man’s home depressions, recessions, strikes, San Diego 30 36 120 propaganda. The curve of the rev­ I feel that as a reader of the is his castle, they say. It’s a wom­ strike-breakers, sit-ins, sit-downs, olution has been steadily down­ Chicago 90 106 118 Worker, National Guardian, Cath­ a n ’s ja il. bread-lines, picket-lines, “ progres­ wards, it is quite true, under the Boston 25 28 112 olic Worker and Christian Science Unless you have dough. .Then sive” presidents, reactionary pres­ dictatorship of Stalin. O akland - M o n ito r and other periodicals, I baby-sitter, nurse and “mother’s idents, revolutions, and counter­ “But buried under all the bitter have a fairly rounded knowledge helper” (a sickening term) can be revolutions; all of these events B erkeley 75 84 112 ashes, its embers still glow. The of current events. That is if I bo ug ht. have been covered in this paper. Twin Cities 100 110 110 masses fight under Stalin, but don’t get behind in my reading! Even so, you stubborn little doll, M ilw a u k e e 25 24 96 their aims are not the aims of The best of wishes to all of you Not Impartial you won’t take it from a bottle. St. L o u is 10 9 90 Stalin. Their aim is to really de­ for a very merry Xmas and also The M ilitant has never claimed Prefer nature’s way. Why should feat fascism, the outright brutal for a successful 1963! to be impartial concerning the N e w a rk 15 12 80 not you. It should be your in­ dictatorship of decadent capitalism. struggles of the workers. San Francisco 75 42 They have no love for the butcher Nellie De Schaaf alienable right. We write for and with the A k ro n - Stalin . . . workers against their bosses, the C le ve la n d 75 26 35- “The very spirit of the defense colonial countries against the im ­ Thought for the W eek Philadelphia 75 35 47 of the working class state not perialists, the Negroes against the “ Psychiatrists speculate that the [N e w Y o r k ] newspaper strike’s merely by any caste or clique, but exploitation and inequality im­ Los Angeles 150 47 3 * by all the Russian masses, is proof psychological impact may not be limited to Christmas spirit. ‘The avid posed upon them by the capitalist S e a ttle 75 18 24 that they fight first of all for the sports fan is often heavily involved in the conflict and aggression of class of this country, their fight D e n v e r 50 8 16 remains of the revolution, sec­ against the labor bureaucrats who the sports world as an outlet for his own anxieties,’ comments one G e n e ra l 30 62 207 ondly for the possibility of retriev­ condone discrimination, for civil- New York psychidtrist. ‘It probably bothers him now that he can’t ing it from the disaster to which liberties against the witch-hunters Stalin destines it.” — Dec. 26, work out his problems by reading the paper.’ ” — The Dec. 14 W a ll who sit in our Congress, for the Total through 1942. Street Journal. oppressed against the oppressors. Dec. 19 1,200 1,084 90% Page S ix THE MILITANT M onday, D ecem ber 24, 1962 How School Books Distort Negro History By Evelyn Sell crcaturc who, with the exception white chauvinist and anti-Negro The history text used in Detroit of his ability to sing and make feelings. The mob violence was public schools is under fire by the music, has contributed only m ini­ mainly directed towards w h ites local branch of the National As­ mally to the development of his who sympathized with the Ne­ sociation for the Advancement of country and is incapable of func­ groes’ struggle. Colored People. Our United States, tio n in g as a responsible person.” Many people had once said, by Eibling/ King and Harlow, As a product of the Detroit pub­ “The issue of slavery has nothing doesn’t actually tell lies about the lic school system, I can say this to do w ith me.” Now they realized Negro people in this country, but is an old story. History texts dur­ the tru th in such statem ents as, by omission and interpretation it ing my day presented the same “What liberty... is there for gives a distorted and false picture false picture. As a matter of fact, w h ite people in the South? They of their history. The NAACP sub­ the history book I used in high share deeply in the bondage of the stantiated this in a seven-page in­ school was the only one in the blacks.” North that was also acceptable in dictment of the book. It was the Fugitive Slave Laws Southern schools. Quite a recom­ A committee, appointed by the that stirred up the most alarm m endation! Board of Education to review the over civil liberties in the North. It wasn’t until I became a so­ book, found some basis for the ob­ Involved were such basic issues as cialist that I began to read books jections but could not recommend personal freedom,, freedom of which presented the truth about a better text. It suggested that travel, trial by jury and due pro­ the role played by Negroes in the teachers use supplementary ma­ cess of law. It became more and development of this country. I terial to help correct the false pic­ more apparent to — and resented learned that Negroes did not pas­ ture. The NAACP is still complain­ by — the average Northerner that sively accept slavery before the ing and the Board of Education is the Southern slaveholders con­ Civil War and they didn’t wait to still investigating the matter. In trolled the executive, judicial and have freedom handed to them at the meantime, the book is still legislative branches of the federal the end of Yankee bayonets dur­ being used and Superintendent of government and used them ing the Civil War. Schools Brownell states that under against the w h ite s as w e ll as N e­ Michigan law a textbook can only Slow Downs groes. The Fugitive Slave Law of be changed every five years. Since For hundreds of years before 1850 re q u ire d citizens in any p a rt this book was adopted only one the Civil War, Negroes used what­ of the country to assist slave- year ago, it w ill be used at least ever means were available in their catchers. Another provision was another four years. struggle against slavery. They par­ that any Negro, even if he had Supports Complaint ticipated in work slowdowns. They been born free, could be seized as did “careless” work on purpose. a fugitive and tried without being The Anti-Defamation League of They sabotaged. They mutilated able to utter one word in his own B’nai Brith announced on Dec. 3 themselves so that they were not defense or offer any proof of his that it supported both the com­ desirable as slaves. T h e y com ­ own free statusi- One week after plaints of the NAACP against the m itte d suicide. In 1807 the re was the law was passed a free Negro current history text and the state­ a mass suicide of slaves in Char­ in New York was kidnapped and ment by the school superintendent leston. The first sit-down strike taken South. “If a free Negro can that no better text is available at in America was probably staged in reached the point where “now we attack the civil liberties of a ll be seized today, a free white man present. The Jewish organization 1656 by a slave named Tony. He A m ericans. can be taken tomorrow,” was the recently concluded a survey of the have to patrol every night to keep had run away and been recaptured Here are some of the things they response of Northerners. 48 most widely used history texts them down.” twice so he just sat and refused did. The continuous flow of peti­ and n o t One was completely satis­ Fam iliar? to w o rk. From President Lincoln down to tions to the Houses of Congress factory in its treatment of minor­ army officers, official Northern opposing slavery bothered the The past sounds very modem, Freed Negroes did not forget ity groups and their role in the slaveowners. To stop such peti­ doesn’t it? The Southern slave­ their brothers and sisters in bond­ policy was to keep runaway slaves history of this country. tions from intruding into the pol­ holders manipulated the govern­ age. Northern Negroes formed the from bearing arms. Union officers Sol I. Liftman, Michigan direc­ itical life of the nation, Southern ment in the 1800s and the Dixie- Free P roduce S ociety in 1830 and tor of the ADL, put the blame for not only returned slaves who had politicians pushed through a gag- crats have a stranglehold on the pledged to boycott all slave-pro­ this situation on the publishers run away to join the Union Army, rule in the House of Representa­ Democratic Party and on the duced commodities. Negroes who who try to appease the racial pre­ they even allowed slaveholders to tives which stopped all discussion political life of this nation today. successfully ran away or bought judices of the Southern market. enter Union camps to reclaim such and action on petitions. The exploiters in the North and in their freedom worked long years fugitives! But the slaves kept the South co-operated in the 1800s What exactly does the NAACP The fear of slave revolts led the to raise money to free their fel­ pouring into the Union camps and and the capitalists in the North object to in this textbook? Charles South to deny freedom of the lows still in the South. the Northern deserters kept and in the South co-operate today L. Wells, chairman of the Educa­ mails to anti-slavery propaganda. The most dramatic evidence was pouring out so fast that the slaves in supporting anti-union measures. tion Committee, charged that the On numerous occasions U.S. Post the slave revolts. At least 250 re­ were finally granted full status as book took a “casual” attitude Offices were forced open, packages The leading citizens of Southern ported and documented Negro con­ soldiers. By the end of the war, about the conditions of slavery and of anti-slavery publications seized communities organized mobs in spiracies and revolts took place Lincoln and others openly declared did not point out the evils of that and burned publicly. Laws were the 1800s, and the le ad ing citizens in this country before the Civil that if it hadn’t been for the more system of exploitation. The slave­ passed in Southern towns empow­ and officials in the South organize War. Sometimes only a few slaves than 200,000 Negro soldiers in the owners were pictured as playing a ering citizens to open and read White Citizens Councils today. were involved, sometimes thou­ Union Army, the North would “positive, paternalistic role.” There private letters. Southern white children were sands. In the 10 years before the have lost the war. was no mention of the facts that carefully trained to regard Ne­ C ivil War, slave revolts increased This is only a fraction of what Suppression Negroes served in the Union Arm y groes as inferiors and Southern at such tempo that all-pervading is not taught in our public schools. during the Civil War, that there Anti-slavery newspapers were governors vow that the same fear made slaveowners more and White Americans surely don’t were Negro Abolitionists or that destroyed and abolitionist editors training shall be maintained in the more barbaric in their punish­ learn these things from the or­ the Negroes played an important physically attacked. Each denial 20th century. The poor whites and ments. dinary channels of education and and progressive role during the of liberty was quickly followed the enslaved Negroes were kept communication, and even black Reconstruction period. Double Blow by another. When Elijah Lovejoy, apart by laws and lies so that they Americans have suffered by hun­ an abolitionist editor, was lynched, “The image of the Negro pro­ Between 1830-1860 more than could not band together to fight dreds of years of brain-washing. his friends attempted to hold a jected by the authors,” said Wells, 60,000 slaves fled the South, deal­ their common enemy —• the plan­ Negro publications today feature public meeting. They could not “is that of a dependent, servile ing a double blow against slavery: tation owner who impoverished articles on the real history of rent a hall. This was in the North'. the small farmer and enslaved the 1) these runaways represented a Afro-Americans in an attempt to Even freedom of assembly was tremendous loss of capital for the Negro. Today, the white and black set the record straight. But it’s attacked by the needs of the slave slaveowners; 2)' these fugitives workers are kept apart through important for a ll Americans to get system. laws and lies so that they cannot were living refutations of the the straight story about the past The First 10 Years Of A slave who could read was join forces to overcome their slaveholders’ propaganda. Slaves because it affects what you under­ dangerous, so laws were passed common enemy — the bosses who were not happy, carefree, singing, stand and do about the present. American Communism childish people. They hated the abridging academic freedom. Fines maintain an open-shop, low-wage slave system so much they risked 400 Years and imprisonment awaited any area for industry in the South. I t ’s n9 accident that the truth Report of a Participant all dangers and punishments to If you don't know that Negroes white in the South who taught a ru n aw ay. have been struggling for over 400 slave to read and write. Rigid about the Negro is not taught in When the Civil War actually years, if you don’t know that they supervision of the schools was our schools. Once part of the By James P. Cannon began, the struggle of the Negroes have displayed remarkable in­ necessary so that children would truth is told, other parts start for freedom reached new heights. genuity, creativity, courage and be taught the proper anti-Negro coming out. The true history of prejudices by “safe” teachers. the Negro people in America must The author is a founder of American A Negro named Scipio predicted persistance in their efforts, then Teachers, students and school ad­ also include the true history of Trotskyism and the only living top the defeat o f the South in 1860. you can hardly be prepared to “ ‘Cause you see,” he explained, understand and cope w ith the facts ministrations were kept under the capitalist rulers of our country leader of the early years of the U.S. “they’ll fight the North with the of life in the civil-rights move­ control through censorship of and the way they built the might­ Communist Party who has not re­ right hand, they’ll have to hold ment today. Most whites in this texts, screening of teachers, laws, iest power in the world on the pudiated communism. the Negro with the left.” country were startled by the recent withholding funds and various backs of white and black workers Guerrilla warfare by fugitive civil-rights explosion. Their sur­ community reprisals against any a like. The book contains: slaves made it necessary for the prise was only evidence of their liberal ideas taught in school. Fear Add up all the lessons learned from a knowledge of what really Sketches of Foster, Ruthenberg, South to maintain in the interior ignorance — an ignorance* taught of economic reprisals and boy­ happened in the past and the Browder, Lovestone and others, as troops badly needed to fight by the public schools, nurtured by cotts from the South led North­ erners to suppress academic free­ clear conclusion is: In order to well as of leading figures in the Com­ Union troops at the front. The TV and Hollywood and bolstered governor of Mississippi was in­ by the average newspaper or ma­ dom in their schools, too. gain freedom it is necessary to munist International. formed by citizens of Jackson gazine. The truth can set all But all the restrictive laws and struggle, to know yourself and your friends and to know your Essays on the Industrial W orkers County that they could spare no Americans free. The truth, as re­ “co-operation” between conserva­ common enemy; it is necessary to of the World, Eugene V. Debs and more men for the Confederate vealed by the history of this coun­ tives weren’t enough to hold down Arm y because slave rebellions had try, is that you cannot put chains the slaves or hold back the grow­ join hands, to plan together, to act th e socialist m ovement o f his tim e, together, to win together. on the bodies or minds of one ing sentiments for abolition of the and th e e ffe c t o f the Russian Rev­ group of human beings without slave system. Mob rule was re­ olution on the U. S. Negro struggle. Bound Volume of putting chains on the bodies and sorted to. This mob rule developed The Militant — 1961 minds of other groups. from isolated instances in the 344 pp. — $6.00 How does American history South into the order-of-the-day in Price $6.00 prove this? Let’s take another look the 20 years before the Civil War Please include payment with at the years preceding the Civil and for years after the war. These Order through: a ll orders War. In order to maintain its slave “mobs” were not spontaneous Pioneer Publishers Order from: system, to hold down slave re­ groups but carefully organized by The Militant, 116 University bellions and recapture runaway the leading citizens in each com­ 116 University Place, N. Y. 3, N . Y, slaves, the slaveholders and those Place, New York 3, N. Y. munity who called mass meetings who profited from slavery had to at which men were inflamed with Monday, December 24, 1962 THE MILITANT Page Seven Behind Khrushchev's Blast at Abstract A rt By George Saunders have also been trying to throw off Hungary, the bureaucracy puts eye. The Soviet press made, no this monotonous “ approved” tech­ limits on every relaxation. mention of the court actions. The Soviet government recently nique. When they attack Stalin­ In order to use anti-Stalin liter­ Above all, they have not rehabil­ began to permit harsh criticism of ism, they also have in mind the ature as an ally, controls have itated the victims of the first Mos­ the Stalin era in literature. A t the ban Stalin imposed on all variety been eased in this case. But when cow trial, Kamenev and Zinoviev, same time it opened a campaign in style. stylistic rebels began to come out and the chief defendant of all the against “divergence from the main The Khrushchev government into the public eye, officialdom got trials, Leon Trotsky. line of the development of our worried. This smacked of acting And this goes a long way to art,” and “faulty tendencies ap­ has permitted stylistic experi­ mentation within limits. Practi­ on one’s own, and it could not be explaining the soft-pedalling of the pearing in the work of some peo­ tioners of the arts can create and permitted. Concessions are grant­ Soviet action. Had the juridical re­ ple active in literature and art,” as show each other just about any­ ed only if they can also serve the habilitation of Bukharin and the P ra vd a reported Khrushchev’s thing. But what the public can needs of the apparatus. For ex­ other victims of the 2d and 3d words in its Dec. 3 editorial. While ample, Khrushchev has called for trials been public, it would spot­ the bars on anti-Stalin writing see o f th is m a te ria l is s tric tly limited. Political criteria still production committees in the fac­ light the whole question of the were let down, stylistic experi­ come first in the matter of pub­ tories -— but to oversee fulfill­ Left and Right Oppositions in the mentation was frowned upon. lication. The writers and artists ment of previous economic deci­ Bolshevik Party of the 1920’s to Yet the two are related. As one demand more and more that cri­ sions, not to participate in plan­ whose ideas the regime does not young writer put it, “We still re­ teria of artistic quality be given ning. want to call attention. It would member the years when to write consideration. At every opportu­ I am not defending abstract art raise the question of restoring conscientiously about artistic nity the best of them push for per se. Its popularity is largely a Zinoviev, Kamenev and Trotsky technique was called ‘aesthetic- publication of stylistically un­ reaction against bureaucratic to legality as well. And if restored, ism,’ ‘a deviation from the general orthodox works. “realist” strictures. But the pres­ could their writings still be sup­ line of our literature.’ ” So with the recent lifting of ent day Soviet artist should have pressed or distorted? In Stalin’s day every intellectual restrictions on anti-Stalin works, the right to choose his own sub­ Shortly after the 22d Congress, activity was expressed in one, the writers expected an opportu­ ject and style freely. This would Trotsky’s widow, Natalia, ad­ dreary style. “Yesterday’s genius,” nity for freer artistic expression. restore the Soviet cultural policy parently invited top government dressed a letter to the heads of as a current poem calls Stalin, laid They were not alone. Young art­ which existed under Lenin and leaders, including Khrushchev, to the Soviet government, asking an down the line in every field, in ists and composers and even, ap­ T ro tsky. give the word, one way or the investigation of the verdict against politics, biology, linguistics and the parently, some officials of the cul­ That policy barred government other, on public display of abstract her husband and permission for arts. For the arts Stalin concocted tural world thought the same. intervention in art disputes so art. his works to circulate in the the formula, “Socialist Realism.” W ithin a few days of the close long as no counter-revolutionary Khrushchev attacked it with the Soviet Union. No acknowledge­ “Socialist” meant — praise the of the November Central Commit­ forces were involved. History and crude remark that “you can’t tell ment of the letter was made, nor rulers, glorify conditions, urge the tee plenum, at least three show­ the appreciating public should whether such paintings were done was any action taken on the Soviet masses to work harder. “Realism” ings of abstract art were arranged. decide the place of the contending by human hand or smeared by a side. meant —* do this in the plainest, One never came off. Another was schools of art. When Marxists donkey’s tail.” This was the signal L ike w ise , 62 m em bers of the dullest prose or verse imaginable, a one-night affair. The third had enter this ideological struggle, they for a crackdown not only on art Ceylonese Parliament appealed to using nothing out of the ordinary. semi-official status at a prominent depend on the power of their ideas but also on jazz influence in music Khrushchev to review publicly thé Since Stalin’s death writers exhibition and seems to have been to persuade, not on governmental and on any art form “imitating case against Trotsky. Besides the striving for a literature of truth a test case. Officials in charge ap- command. Such also is the policy decadent Western models.” sections of the \tforld Trotskyist followed in revolutionary Cuba movement, a number of organiza­ Throughout the Soviet press, today. & $ & $ & $ & $ ¿v a $ f t $ & $ a & & $ $ & a & & & even in local or specialized pa­ tions and men of letters have The Soviet artists’ struggle for urged such a course on the Soviet pers, a campaign is on, quoting the right to say what they wish in Khrushchev and reviling stylistic government. the way they wish has implica­ The Stalinist school of falsifica­ Xmas Book Bargains experimenters, who — of course —• tions beyond the realm of pure have no chance to defend their tion for many years tried to ob­ THE WEST INDIES AND TIIEIR REVOLT IN THE SOUTH by Dan art. It is part of a general strug­ Wakefield. A report on the rising scure Trotsky’s role in the Russian FUTURE by Daniel Guerin, noted side. You would never guess from gle for intellectual freedom and in­ French Marxist scholar. Cloth, $3.00. struggle of Southern Negroes. Paper- the Soviet press that large crowds Revolution and to suppress his THE REVOLT OF THE MIND by tellectual honesty. The struggle BLACK MOSES — THE STORY OF ideas, which expose the roots of Tamas Aczel and Tlbor Meray. Grip­ had gathered to view and discuss has taken the form of de-Stalin- ping account of the Hungarian rev­ MARCUS GARVEY by E. D. Cronon. the abstractionists’ display, that the revolution’s bureaucratic de­ olution of 1956 and the events that Paperback, $1.95. ization. But the special interests BLACK BOURGEOISIE by E. generation. But times are chang­ brought it about. Cloth, regularly most comments there favored the of the bureaucracy have constant­ $5.00. special price $1.49. Franklin Frazier. Cloth, $4.00; paper­ painters, and that many young ing. The Soviet regime’s foot- THE INTERNATIONAL by Alfred bac k, 95c. ly stopped short of reviving free 10P YEARS OF LYNCHING by dragging stands in anachronistic Maund. Noteworthy novel about con­ artists, considering themselves discussion in the Leninist tradi­ temporary union officialdom. Cloth, R a lp h G in zb u rg . P a p e rb a c k , 75. communists, still fervently sup­ contrast to the Italian Communist $5.95. BLACK MUSLIMS IN AMERICA tion of proletarian democracy. by C. Eric Lincoln. Cloth, $4.95; pa­ Youth, who printed in their paper, THE COOL WORLD by Warren port abstract art. While the logic of de-Staliniza- Miller. Remarkable novel about a perback, $1.75. It seems peculiar that the top Nuova Generazzicme, Trotsky’s juvenile gang in Harlem by the THE STRANGE CAREER OF JIM tion is toward that end, every step CROW by C. Vann Woodward. Cloth, photo and credited to him his true author o0 Miles From Home. leaders of a country “building has been half-hearted and ac­ Cloth, special price $1.25. Xmas price, $1.19. Communism” should take out time historic role. THADDEUS STEVENS by Ralph THE UN-AMERICANS by Frank J. companied by backsliding. Korngold. Magnificent biography of Donner A leading civil-liberties at­ to speak out personally on such It is in the Soviet workers’ and torney provides devastating docu­ This may be seen in the way the the great figure of Radical Recon­ an esoteric matter. Why, after all, intellectuals’ interest to restore the struction. Only a limited quantity on mentation of the House witch hunt­ “rehabilitation” of Stalin’s vic­ hand, so order now. Cloth, regularly ers’ activities. Paperback, 60c. should a Philistine, moralizing truth of their past. They w ill not GRAND INQUEST by Telford Tay­ tims has so far been carried out. 96.00, special price $4.00. “realism” be forced on the arts by be content with half-measures. HISTORY OF THE HAYMARKET lor. A fact-filled companion volume Public rehabilitation has been con­ AFFAIR by Henry David. Another to the Un-Americans by a constitu­ administrative decree? One con­ Someday they too will join the tional lawyer. Paperback, 75c. fined to two categories: members classic, long out of print, now avail­ sideration behind this policy is international campaign to restore able. The celebrated frame-up and of the old Stalin faction and m ili­ Trotsky’s name to its place in the origin of May Day. Cloth, reg­ BOOKS BY LEON TROTSKY that correct or incorrect politics tary men. Recently some promin­ ularly $6.75, special pvice $5.50. Combination Offer: THE STALIN can be checked easily if a work Soviet history, without which ac­ ISLAND IN THE CITY by Dan SCHOOL OF FALSIFICATION and ent victims of the notorious Mos­ tion, de-Stalinization w ill be in­ Wakefield. The Puerto Rican com­ THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL AFT­ is not written too subtly. munity in New York. Paperback, cow fra m e -u p tria ls o f the 1930s complete. As Yevtushenko’s poem, ER LENIN. Paperback, both for $5.00. In the post-Stalin era, the Soviet $1.75. TROTSKY’S DIARY IN EXILE: were quietly rehabilitated. Legal The Fate of Names, says: SAM ADAMS — Pioneer In Propa­ 1935. Cloth, Xmas price, $3.50. ganda — by John C. Miller. Only bureaucracy has been forced more rights were restored posthumously T E R R O R IS M & COMMUNISM. A History’s high court is direct and a limited quantity on hand, so order classic work of Marxist theory, out of and more to relax controls over to Bukharin, Rykov, Tomsky (all now. Cloth, regularly $7.50, special print for three decades. Paperback, three of the Right Opposition), stern. price $6.00. the arts — to gain allies in Krem­ THE FRENCH REVOLUTION by $1.95. She pays no heed to someone’s WHITHER FRANCE. The French Piatakov and Radek (who had be­ A. Mathiez. Cloth. $10.00. social crisis in the mid-1930’s anal­ lin factional struggles, to win more vulgar prattling, THE GREAT TRADITION IN ENG- longed to the Left Opposition be­ yzed. Paperback, Xmas price $1.45. GLISH LITERATURE from Shake­ WHERE IS BRITAIN GOING? An popular support by looking “lib­ fore capitulating to Stalin) and But she w ill return all honor to speare to Jane Austen by Annette T. analysis of the British general strike Those names which are deserving Rubinstein. Paper, $1.95. eral,” to improve its image abroad. to their families. o f 1926 a n d th e p ersp ectives o f B r i­ of all honor. FIVE FAMILIES by Oscar Lewis. tish imperialism. Paperback, $1.50. But fearing the artists may get But this “juridical” rehabilita­ Paper, $1.95. ou t o f co n tro l, as th e y d id in tion took place out of the public (Last of 3 articles) BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS ON C U B A BY JAMES P. CANNON M-26: BIOGRAPHY OF A REVOLU­ FIRST TEN YEARS OF AMERI­ TION by Robert Taber. Cloth, reg­ CAN COMMUNISM. Cloth, $6.00. ularly $4.95, special price $3.00. THE HISTORY OF AMERICAN THE TRUTH ABOUT CUBA by TROTSKYISM. Cloth, $2.75; paper­ It Was Reported in the Press Joseph Hansen. Pamphlet, 25c. back special price $1.50. THE THEORY OF THE CUBAN THE STRUGGLE FOR A PROLE­ REVOLUTION by Joseph Hansen. TARIAN PARTY. Cloth. $2.75. Another Thalidomide? — E u ­ findings of a special study made Off Limits — The Baltimore P a m p h le t, 25c. SOCIALISM ON TRIAL. Paperback, IN DEFENSE OF THE CUBAN 50c. ropean manufacturers of plienmet- by Columbia University’s Con­ Congress of Racial Equality has REVOLUTION by Joseph Hansen SOCIALISM & DEMOCRACY. Pa­ razine are warning women not servation of Human Resources Pamphlet, 25c. p e rb a c k , 15c. asked officials at Aberdeen Prov­ HOW CUBA UPROOTED RACE to use the drug, a weight-losing Project, Eli Ginzberg said: “Most DISCRIMINATION by Harry Ring. MARXIST CLASSICS aid, until it is ascertained that it young Americans look upon m ili­ ing Ground to declare all segre­ P a m p h le t 15c. COMBINATION OFFER OF FIDEL FOUNDATIONS OF CHRISTIAN­ is not implicated in various in­ tary duty with distaste . . . and gated places of public accommoda­ ITY by Karl Kautsky. Cloth, regular­ CASTRO’S SPEECHES—All for $3.00 ternal deformities in newborn in ­ when they are called to active History W ill Absolve Me! ly $3.00, Xmas price $2.00. tion in the area off limits for O ct. 16, 1953 $1.00 LETTERS TO AMERICANS by fants recently reported in the duty, they view it as an imposi­ Marx & Engels. Paperback, $1.85. m ilitary personnel. To The Children British Medical Journal. In Italy, tion, an annoyance, or a stroke of Sept. 14, 1960 .25 ECONOMIC AND PHILOSOPHIC On Unemployment MANUSCRIPTS OF 1844 by Marx. the Health Ministry has stopped bad luck that they were caught “Runaway” Wage Hikes? — F eb . 11, 1961 .25 Cloth, $1.50. KARL MARX by Franz Mehring. its sale completely. The drug has while so many others escaped.” Cuba’s Socialist Destiny News and Views, publication of J u ly 26, 1961 .25 The definitive biography. Paperback, been marketed in the U.S. since United Nations Speech $2 95 Right-to-Work? — More work­ the Ohio AFL-CIO, reports that THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE June 1956 under the trade name, S ept. 26, 1961 .25 days were lost through unemploy­ MONIST VIEW OF niSTORY by “Preludin.” according to an economic study On Marxism-Leninism ment last year than through strikes D e c. 2, 1961 1.00 George Plekhanov. Cloth, Xmas price manufacturing wage increases The Revolution Must Be a $1.95. during the previous 35 years, ac­ THE CIVIL WAR IN THE U.S. Peace on Earth — The Affiliat­ averaged 2.2 per cent a year dur­ School of Unfettered cording to Secretary of Labor T h o u g h t M a r. 13, 1962 .15 by Marx & Engels. Paperback, $1.95. ed Young Democrats of New York ing the past five years but pro­ Fidel Castro Denounces THOMAS MORE & HIS UTOPIA State are conducting a drive to in­ W irtz . Bure aucracy and Sectarian­ by Karl Kautsky. Cloth, $3.95. ductivity increased by an average ism M a r. 26, 1962 .35 COMMUNISM IN CENTRAL EU­ duce Christmas shoppers not to Caveat Emptor — Georg Jen­ of 3.4 per cent a year during the ROPE IN THE TIME OF THE RE­ buy ornaments, toys or other CIVIL RIGHTS AND FORMATION by Karl Kautsky. Cloth, sen’s of New York is offering same period. The study was made $4.95. products made behind the “Iron Xmas shoppers a bridge table with by the Conference for Economic CIVIL LIBERTIES THE CONDITION OF THE WORK­ C u rta in .” NEGROES ON THE MARCH by ING CLASS IN ENGLAND by Engels. teakwood legs and an oxhide top Progress, headed by Leon Key- Now back in print. Cloth, reduced Daniel Guerin. A Frenchman’s report fo r o n ly $410. But the table doesn’t serling, chairman of the Council of of the American Negro struggle, to $1.95. Last-Minute Xmas Gift — N e i- based on an extensive tour of the (Include 15c postage for hard-cover man-Marcus of Dallas, Texas, w ill fo ld away. Economic Advisers in the Truman South. Cloth. $1.00; paperback, 50c. books. 10c for paperbacks.) administration. make fast delivery on a complete Try This for Size — If you can’t For Orders or Catalogue cowgirl’s outfit — white chaps, use that non-folding bridge table, March of Culture — Four Delta $1,875; matching silk blouse, $90; maybe you’d be interested in the Chi fraternity members from the PIONEER PUBLISHERS satin pants, $90; kidskin belt, $30; special clearance sale at Black University of Texas are dragging, I 16 University Place, New York 3, N. Y. hat, $250. The complete outfit, just Starr and Frost. They’re offering an outhouse to Cornell University $2,335, postage included. pear-shaped diamond rings, ori­ in Ithaca, N. Y. It’s a fraternity No Kidding? — . Reporting the g in a lly $19,250, fo r $14,437. A s is. stunt. Page E ig h t th e MILITANT M onday, D ecem ber 24, 1962 Pioneer American Socialists Teachers Union Are Honored in Los Angeles Backs Opponent B y D ella Rossa Of Shelter Drill LOS ANGELES — The early NEW YORK — In reply to Act­ days of the Communist move­ ing Superintendent of Schools ment in this country were vividly Donovan’s refusal to restore the recalled at a banquet-meeting here license of James Council, a math Dec.' 15 honoring James P. Cannon teacher fired from Junior High oh the occasion of the publication School 44 for refusing to particip­ 'of his book, The First Ten Years ate in a civil-defense drill, the of American Communism. The AFL-CIO United Federation of gathering was also a salute to Rose Teachers announced a Rally to Karsner, Cannon’s wife and long­ Defend the Bill of Rights by Re­ time political associate, and to instating James Council. Arne Swabeck, also a pioneer fig­ Council was fired after he re­ ure of the modern American labor fused to participate in a meeting 'arid', socialist movement. of the JHS 44 faculty called to Cannon was a founding leader discuss plans for a “shelter” drill of the Communist Party and then, for the students. Miss Suzette as one of the original adherents Burns, the school’s principal, at­ to the international Trotskyist tempted to argue him out of his PROTEST AT NEW YORK CITY HALL against “investigation” movement, the founder of the position. But he explained that he of Women Strike for Peace by House Un-American Activities Socialist Workers Party. His book, felt that he could not supervise Committee in Washington. This picketline, followed by a rally, published last month by Lyle an activity that fosters the futility was called by Americans for Democratic Action, Student Peace Stuart, is a participant’s account and deception of shelter-drill ex- Union, Students for a Democratic Society and Young Peoples of the events and issues leading ercises and creates the notion that Socialist League. See story on HU AC hearing page 1. to the formation of the Communist this country is preparing to use Party, the divisions within the nuclear weapons. “ My knowledge young organization, and the fac­ of the threat of nuclear weapons Bay Area T o u r------tors behind its eventual abandon­ to the survival of the whole hu­ ment oi its original Marxist-Len- man race commits me in full inist program. James P. Cannon conscience to oppose all orders 7 Meetings Hear Worthy on His Case Cannon’s book grew out of his handed down by the government answers to questions put to him in 1921. H e said Cannon made a authorities which contribute to the By Harold Verb role being played by the U.S. in a by historian Theodore Draper, deep impact on the delegates with illusion that war with nuclear SAN FRANCISCO — William revolutionary world as he traced then doing research for T he Roots an appeal that the party, abandon weapons can be justified . . .” Worthy, the Afro-American fo r ­ the course of official American policy during the cold war. Of the of American Communism. “ I w ro te the false notion that it must func­ Rammed Through eign correspondent, who is ap­ it all from memory,” Cannon said, tion “underground” and that the recent Cuban crisis, he said that Without any hearing or even pealing his recent conviction for “but what’s there is all true.” delegates recognize the need and having re-entered the U.S. after colored people all over the globe prospects for building an effective semblance of due process, Coun­ had resented Kennedy’s “unilat­ Noting that his facts had been cil was ordered “not to report for a trip to Cuba, addressed seven checked against other sources by legal party despite the witch- meetings in this area during his eral white action to destroy our duty . . . to this and any other w o rld .” Draper and found accurate, Can­ hunting of the time. visit of Dec. 6-11. school.” This arbitrary violation of Worthy also spoke to a number non said he remembered the Rose Karsner spoke of the rich­ academic freedom and the right Interest in his views and in his events of 40 years ago correctly ness of the 50 years that she, of student meetings during his of a teacher to hold views opposed case was also manifested by a six-day stopover in this area. His because he remained convinced Cannon and Swabeck have devot­ to the war drive, is another step number of interviews by news that they were a good and worth­ subject was “The Free Press and ed to the socialist cause. Despite toward the complete conformity media including NBC-TV and while part of his life and he want­ the Cold War.” He spoke under many difficulties, she declared, the war-makers desire. Editor CBS radio. Both KDIA, the largest ed to remember. “we never felt we were sacrificing the following auspices: at San James Wechsler of the New Y o rk radio station serving the Negro Arne Swabeck recalled high­ for the party. On the contrary, Francisco State College, the Jour­ Post w ro te on Nov. 5, “ One w o n ­ community, and KPFA-FM car­ lights in the long struggle to build nalism Department and the Col­ we were always conscious of the ders whether there would have ried hour-long interviews w ith the a Marxist party in this country. fact that to give up the party lege Lecture Series; at the Univer­ been equally quick disposal of the noted and persecuted journalist. He described his experiences in would be a real sacrifice. Through sity of California, the Afro-Amer- body of a teacher who , went Worthy addressed a meeting of the fight against the right-wing activity in the movement we ican Historical Society, two jour­ around ranting recklessly that the 700 sponsored b y the B a y A rea “Old Guard” of the Socialist Par­ achieved fulfillment of life and nalism societies, and the Student time was long overdue for the Fair Play for Cuba Committee. ty and the founding in 1919 of the the satisfaction and confidence Fair Play for Cuba Committee; at dropping of an H-Bomb on Mos­ Sharing the platform with him Communist movement. He told of that we were working not mere­ San Jose State College, TASC (a cow . . .” were Dr. Carlton Goodlett, pub­ the first speech he heard by Can­ ly for ourselves, but for the entire student political party); at Oak­ The United Federation of Teach­ lisher of the Sun Reporter, and non at a Communist convention human race.” land, the Afro-American Associa­ ers, of which Council is a mem­ Marjorie Morray, secretary of the tion. ber, is fighting this case as a de­ Bay Area Medical Aid to Cuba He told the student audiences fense of academic freedom. UFT Committee. Though unable to be that “fraudulent journalism had Urge Last-Minute Appeals President Charles Cogen, Murray present, actor Sterling Hayden sent kept the American people in the Kempton, State Senator Fred the meeting an inspiring message. dark about the most important Ohrenstein, and Edward Gottlieb, Addressing his words to Worthy, event now taking place in the Against Deportation of Polites p rin c ip a l of PS 165 in M an ha ttan he stated: “ If only a fraction of the world — the anti-colonial revolu­ and chairman of the Special UFT people in this land of silent people tion. “Misleading news,” he said, Gus Polites has been a U.S. severe heart condition, will be Committee to Reinstate Council, had your raw courage this would “is worse than none at all.” He reside nt fo r 46 years. T he im ­ able to survive the shock of separ­ w ill speak at the rally Dec. 21 at be a far different land: a better emphasized that the United States migration authorities have ordered 8 p.m. at PS 41, 110 W . 11th St., land — and the entire world would ation from his family, the rigors was on the wrong side of this cen­ his deportation to Greece, a coun­ M an ha ttan . benefit immeasurably thereby.” tury’s anti-colonial revolutions of travel, and the political perse­ try he has not seen since his child­ “I urge all United Federation The Negro journalist, whose and warned of the inevitable dis­ hood. The Supreme Court refused cution he will face upon his ar­ of Teachers members, in fact, all trips to China and Cuba have aster ahead for the American peo­ to re v ie w his case on Nov. 20, so rival in Greece. teachers, to attend our Bill of made him the journalistic storm ple unless there were fundamental Rights Rally. Freedom of con­ unless President Kennedy can be Gus Polites’ U.S. citizenship was center of the fight for the right changes in Washington’s foreign prevailed upon to stay the de­ canceled in 1953 by a 5-4 decision science and the right of the indi­ to travel and report freely, had as p o licy. portation order, Polites will be of the Supreme Court on the vidual to dissent are two of the his subject: “The W illiam Worthy highest goals of our great profes­ Case: Truth Needs No Passport.” forcibly separated from his Amer­ ground that he had once been a sion,” Mr. Cogen said. His theme was the reactionary ican-born wife, children and member of the Communist Party. Bus-Depot Blows Injure grandchildren. The Walter-McCarran Act has It may mean his death. It is made it a crime for a naturalized NAACP Youth Official doubtful that Polites, who has a citizen of this country to dissent. NEW YORK — For refusing to The American Committee for W inter Issue buy his Greyhound bus ticket at a Protection of Foreign Born urges New York SWP that telegrams and letters be sent Jim Crow window in Pascagoula, Polls 20,000 Votes immediately to President John F. International Socialist Review Miss., on Nov. 7, Laplois Ashford, Kennedy and Attorney General recently appointed NAACP youth The New York State Board Robert F. Kennedy, asking them secretary, was roughed up by the of Canvassers on Dec. 12 an­ to reconsider and suspend Polites’ nounced the official count of deportation. CONTENTS police. He was in Mississippi for votes cast in the November For further information write to the NAACP state meeting. election. It grave the following- This week, Ashford was operat­ American Committee for Protec­ U.S. — Cuba Crisis: tally for the Socialist Workers tion of Foreign Born, 49 E. 21 St. ed on in the Veterans Hospital Party: Richard Garza and Room 205, N e w Y o rk 10, N .Y., or here for a ruptured ulcer. Doctors Sylvia Weinstein, candidate for Committee to Regain Citizenship The W e e k of the Brink ...... by Farrell Dobbs said his condition resulted from governor and lieutenant gov­ for Gus Polites, 39 Massachusetts, Case History of Guantanamo ...... by Henry Gitano a blow. The NAACP executive, ernor, 19,698; Allen Taplin, can­ Detroit 3, Mich. Contributions to Fidelismo and Marxism in Latin America ...... by Luis V itale who was held incommunicado for didate for comptroller, 20,068; help Polites’ defense should be a day while in jail, is doing well. Leroy McRae, candidate for at­ sent to the Detroit committee. American Labor — Fact and Fiction ...... by A rt Preis The Greyhound Company denied torney general, 21,086; Carl all responsibility for the incident. What makes Gus Polites an Unionism and its C ritics ...... by Milton Alvin Feingold, candidate for U.S. “undesirable” ? Why does this gov­ However, they advised the NAACP Senator, 17,440. ernment, leader of the “free that this specific “discriminatory The vote of the only other world” by its own estimate, find Review of James P. Cannon's "The First Ten Years of practice has been eliminated and American Communism" ...... by Carl Feingold radical party on the New York it necessary to denaturalize and tickets for colored and white are ballot — the Socialist Labor deport him? There is no crime now sold at one window.” P arty — was as follows: G ov­ charged against him. Send $1.25 for a one-year subscription ernor and lieutenant governor When knaves fall out, honest International Socialist Review — 9,762; comptroller — 9,019; The w a y to see b y F a ith is to \ men get their goods; when priests U.S. Senator — 7,786 (the SLP shut thé eye of Reason. 116 University Place, dispute, we come at the truth. had no candidate for attorney —Benjamin Franklin, Poor New York 3. N . Y. —Benjamin Franklin, Poor general). R ichard. 1758. R ich a rd , 1758.