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Die Stellung Der Jüdischen Frauen in Wien“ DIPLOMARBEIT Titel der Diplomarbeit „Die Stellung der jüdischen Frauen in Wien“ Rollen, Bilder und Status von Frauen in der jüdischen Gemeinde Wien Verfasserin Tamara Schärf angestrebter akademischer Grad Magistra (Mag.) Wien, 2015 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 057011 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Individuelles Diplomstudium Religionswissenschaft Betreuerin: Ao. Univ-Prof. Dr. theol. Dr. phil.habil. Birgit Heller Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Einleitung.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1 1.1. Forschungsfrage und Zielsetzung.......................................................................................................................................2 1.2. Methode und Gliederung der Arbeit..............................................................................................................................4 1.2.1. Feldzugang.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................5 1.2.2. InterviewpartnerInnen........................................................................................................................................................................................................6 1.2.3. Interviewmethode.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................7 1.2.4. Teilnehmende Beobachtung........................................................................................................................................................................8 2. Gender und Religion..................................................................................................................................................................................................................10 2.1. Gendertheorien im Überblick..............................................................................................................................................................11 2.1.1. Begrifflichkeit: Gender..............................................................................................................................................................................................11 2.1.2. Geschichte der Gendertheorien.................................................................................................................................................12 2.2. Gender in der Religionswissenschaft.............................................................................................................15 2.3. Rollen der Frau in Religionen............................................................................................................................................................19 2.3.1. Allgemeine Betrachtungen.........................................................................................................................................................................19 2.3.2. Die Rolle der Frau im Judentum - Eine kurze Einführung...................21 3. Die jüdische Gemeinde in Wien..........................................................................................................................................24 3.1. Kurze Geschichte der jüdischen Gemeinde..........................................................................24 3.2. Infrastruktur und Aufbau......................................................................................................................................................................................29 3.2.1. Vorstellung der Experten..................................................................................................................................................................................30 3.2.2. Rabbinische Strukturen........................................................................................................................................................................................31 3.2.3. Vielfalt der jüdischen Gemeinde..............................................................................................................................................32 3.2.3.1. Sephardisches Zentrum Wien.................................................................................................................34 3.2.3.2. Chabad Wien..................................................................................................................................................................................................35 3.2.3.3. Jüdische liberale Gemeinde Wien.............................................................................................37 3.2.3.4. Weitere Jüdische Vereine......................................................................................................................................38 4. Die Stellung der Frau aus rabbinischer Sicht.................................................39 4.1. Rabbinische Schriften und die Halacha.................................................................................................39 4.1.1. Frauen und die Halacha........................................................................................................................................................................................40 4.2. Frauen in den Schriften..............................................................................................................................................................................................42 4.2.1. Die Unsichtbarkeit der Frauen in den Texten................................................................................42 4.2.2. Die Vielfältigkeit der „Role Models“ in der Tanach....................................................43 4.2.3. Frauen im Talmud.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................46 4.3. Verantwortungsbereiche der Frauen..................................................................................................................48 4.3.1. Genderspezifische Mitzvot..........................................................................................................................................................................48 4.3.2. Die Frau als Hüterin des Hauses.............................................................................................................................................50 4.4. Nidda........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................52 4.4.1. Begrifflichkeit und biblischer Ursprung..........................................................................................................52 4.4.2. Nidda in der rabbinischen Literatur...............................................................................................................................54 4.4.3. Positive Deutung aus Sicht der Orthodoxie......................................................................................55 4.4.4. Nidda in der liberalen Gemeinde Wien................................................................................................................57 4.4.5. Konkreter Ablauf..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................57 4.4.6. Kontrolle durch den Rabbiner..........................................................................................................................................................59 4.5. Tzniut: Bescheidenheit und Sittsamkeit...............................................................................................59 4.5.1. Tzniut als Kleidungs- und Verhaltensnorm.........................................................................................60 4.5.2. Rabbinische Ansichten...........................................................................................................................................................................................61 4.5.3. Haarbedeckung.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................64 4.6. Die Rechtliche Stellung der Frau.....................................................................................................................................66 4.6.1. Ketubba: Der Ehevertrag...................................................................................................................................................................................66 4.6.2. Scheidung...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................68
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