Department of Agriculture Department of the Interior

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Department of Agriculture Department of the Interior Vol. 81 Monday, No. 152 August 8, 2016 Part II Department of Agriculture Forest Service 36 CFR Part 242 Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service 50 CFR Part 100 Subsistence Management Regulations for Public Lands in Alaska—2016–17 and 2017–18 Subsistence Taking of Wildlife Regulations; Final Rule VerDate Sep<11>2014 18:53 Aug 05, 2016 Jkt 238001 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4717 Sfmt 4717 E:\FR\FM\08AUR2.SGM 08AUR2 asabaliauskas on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with RULES 52528 Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 152 / Monday, August 8, 2016 / Rules and Regulations DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, • The Alaska Regional Director, U.S. Attention: Eugene R. Peltola, Jr., Office National Park Service; Forest Service of Subsistence Management; (907) 786– • The Alaska State Director, U.S. 3888 or [email protected]. For Bureau of Land Management; 36 CFR Part 242 questions specific to National Forest • The Alaska Regional Director, U.S. System lands, contact Thomas Whitford, Bureau of Indian Affairs; DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Regional Subsistence Program Leader, USDA, Forest Service, Alaska Region; • The Alaska Regional Forester, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (907) 743–9461 or [email protected]. Forest Service; and • SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Two public members appointed by 50 CFR Part 100 the Secretary of the Interior with [Docket No. FWS–R7–SM–2014–0062; Background concurrence of the Secretary of FXFR13350700640–167–FF07J00000; FBMS Under Title VIII of the Alaska Agriculture. #4500094243] National Interest Lands Conservation Through the Board, these agencies RIN 1018–BA39 Act (ANILCA) (16 U.S.C. 3111–3126), participate in the development of the Secretary of the Interior and the regulations for subparts C and D, which, Subsistence Management Regulations Secretary of Agriculture (Secretaries) among other things, set forth program for Public Lands in Alaska—2016–17 jointly implement the Federal eligibility and specific harvest seasons and 2017–18 Subsistence Taking of Subsistence Management Program. This and limits. Wildlife Regulations program provides a preference for take In administering the program, the AGENCY: Forest Service, Agriculture; of fish and wildlife resources for Secretaries divided Alaska into 10 Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior. subsistence uses on Federal public subsistence resource regions, each of lands and waters in Alaska. The ACTION: Final rule. which is represented by a Regional Secretaries published temporary Advisory Council. The Regional SUMMARY: This final rule establishes regulations to carry out this program in Advisory Councils provide a forum for regulations for seasons, harvest limits, the Federal Register on June 29, 1990 rural residents with personal knowledge and methods and means related to the (55 FR 27114), and published final of local conditions and resource taking of wildlife for subsistence uses in regulations in the Federal Register on requirements to have a meaningful role Alaska for the 2016–17 and 2017–18 May 29, 1992 (57 FR 22940). The in the subsistence management of fish regulatory years. The Federal Program has subsequently amended and wildlife on Federal public lands in Subsistence Board (Board) completes these regulations a number of times. Alaska. The Council members represent the biennial process of revising Because this program is a joint effort varied geographical, cultural, and user subsistence hunting and trapping between Interior and Agriculture, these interests within each region. regulations in even-numbered years and regulations are located in two titles of The Board addresses customary and subsistence fishing and shellfish the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR): traditional use determinations during regulations in odd-numbered years; Title 36, ‘‘Parks, Forests, and Public the applicable biennial cycle. Section public proposal and review processes Property,’’ and Title 50, ‘‘Wildlife and ll.24 (customary and traditional use take place during the preceding year. Fisheries,’’ at 36 CFR 242.1–242.28 and determinations) was originally The Board also addresses customary and 50 CFR 100.1–100.28, respectively. The published in the Federal Register on traditional use determinations during regulations contain subparts as follows: May 29, 1992 (57 FR 22940). The the applicable biennial cycle. This rule Subpart A, General Provisions; Subpart regulations at 36 CFR 242.4 and 50 CFR also revises wildlife customary and B, Program Structure; Subpart C, Board 100.4 define ‘‘customary and traditional traditional use determinations. Determinations; and Subpart D, use’’ as ‘‘a long-established, consistent DATES: This rule is effective August 3, Subsistence Taking of Fish and Wildlife. pattern of use, incorporating beliefs and 2016. Consistent with subpart B of these customs which have been transmitted ADDRESSES: The Board meeting regulations, the Secretaries established a from generation to generation. .’’ transcripts are available for review at Federal Subsistence Board to administer Since 1992, the Board has made a the Office of Subsistence Management, the Federal Subsistence Management number of customary and traditional 1011 East Tudor Road, Mail Stop 121, Program. The Board comprises: use determinations at the request of Anchorage, AK 99503, or on the Office • A Chair appointed by the Secretary affected subsistence users. Those of Subsistence Management Web site of the Interior with concurrence of the modifications, along with some (https://www.doi.gov/subsistence). Secretary of Agriculture; administrative corrections, were FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: • The Alaska Regional Director, U.S. published in the Federal Register as Chair, Federal Subsistence Board, c/o Fish and Wildlife Service; follows: MODIFICATIONS TO § ll.24 Federal Register Rule made changes to the citation Date of publication following provisions of ll.24 59 FR 27462 ................................................................ May 27, 1994 .............................................................. Wildlife and Fish/Shellfish. 59 FR 51855 ................................................................ October 13, 1994 ........................................................ Wildlife and Fish/Shellfish. 60 FR 10317 ................................................................ February 24, 1995 ....................................................... Wildlife and Fish/Shellfish. 61 FR 39698 ................................................................ July 30, 1996 ............................................................... Wildlife and Fish/Shellfish. 62 FR 29016 ................................................................ May 29, 1997 .............................................................. Wildlife and Fish/Shellfish. 63 FR 35332 ................................................................ June 29, 1998 ............................................................. Wildlife and Fish/Shellfish. 63 FR 46148 ................................................................ August 28, 1998 .......................................................... Wildlife and Fish/Shellfish. 64 FR 1276 .................................................................. January 8, 1999 .......................................................... Fish/Shellfish. 64 FR 35776 ................................................................ July 1, 1999 ................................................................. Wildlife. VerDate Sep<11>2014 18:53 Aug 05, 2016 Jkt 238001 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4700 E:\FR\FM\08AUR2.SGM 08AUR2 asabaliauskas on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with RULES Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 152 / Monday, August 8, 2016 / Rules and Regulations 52529 MODIFICATIONS TO § ll.24—Continued Federal Register Rule made changes to the citation Date of publication following provisions of ll.24 65 FR 40730 ................................................................ June 30, 2000 ............................................................. Wildlife. 66 FR 10142 ................................................................ February 13, 2001 ....................................................... Fish/Shellfish. 66 FR 33744 ................................................................ June 25, 2001 ............................................................. Wildlife. 67 FR 5890 .................................................................. February 7, 2002 ......................................................... Fish/Shellfish. 67 FR 43710 ................................................................ June 28, 2002 ............................................................. Wildlife. 68 FR 7276 .................................................................. February 12, 2003 ....................................................... Fish/Shellfish. 69 FR 5018 .................................................................. February 3, 2004 ......................................................... Fish/Shellfish. 69 FR 40174 ................................................................ July 1, 2004 ................................................................. Wildlife. 70 FR 13377 ................................................................ March 21, 2005 ........................................................... Fish/Shellfish. 70 FR 36268 ................................................................ June 22, 2005 ............................................................. Wildlife. 71 FR 15569 ...............................................................
Recommended publications
  • Wilderness in Southeastern Alaska: a History
    Wilderness in Southeastern Alaska: A History John Sisk Today, Southeastern Alaska (Southeast) is well known remoteness make it wild in the most definitive sense. as a place of great scenic beauty, abundant wildlife and The Tongass encompasses 109 inventoried roadless fisheries, and coastal wilderness. Vast expanses of areas covering 9.6 million acres (3.9 million hectares), wild, generally undeveloped rainforest and productive and Congress has designated 5.8 million acres (2.3 coastal ecosystems are the foundation of the region’s million hectares) of wilderness in the nation’s largest abundance (Fig 1). To many Southeast Alaskans, (16.8 million acre [6.8 million hectare]) national forest wilderness means undisturbed fish and wildlife habitat, (U.S. Forest Service [USFS] 2003). which in turn translates into food, employment, and The Wilderness Act of 1964 provides a legal business. These wilderness values are realized in definition for wilderness. As an indicator of wild subsistence, sport and commercial fisheries, and many character, the act has ensured the preservation of facets of tourism and outdoor recreation. To Americans federal lands displaying wilderness qualities important more broadly, wilderness takes on a less utilitarian to recreation, science, ecosystem integrity, spiritual value and is often described in terms of its aesthetic or values, opportunities for solitude, and wildlife needs. spiritual significance. Section 2(c) of the Wilderness Act captures the essence of wilderness by identifying specific qualities that make it unique. The provisions suggest wilderness is an area or region characterized by the following conditions (USFS 2002): Section 2(c)(1) …generally appears to have been affected primarily by the forces of nature, with the imprint of man’s work substantially unnoticeable; Section 2(c)(2) …has outstanding opportunities for solitude or a primitive and unconfined type of recreation; Section 2(c)(3) …has at least five thousand acres of land or is of sufficient FIG 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Artment of Anthropology
    Regulating Hunting: Subsistence And Governmentality In The Central Kuskowkim Region, Alaska Item Type Thesis Authors Vanek, Susan B. Download date 27/09/2021 02:43:02 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/11122/8595 REGULATING HUNTING: SUBSISTENCE AND GOVERNMENTALITY IN THE CENTRAL KUSKOWKIM REGION, ALASKA By Susan B. Vanek RECOMMENDED: Advisory Committee Chair i l . Chflir, Department of Anthropology APPROVED: Dean, Collea^pf Liberal Arts ________ A r (tiefan of the Graduate Sch Date REGULATING HUNTING: SUBSISTENCE AND GOVERNMENTALITY IN THE CENTRAL KUSKOKWIM REGION, ALASKA A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of the University of Alaska Fairbanks in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS By Susan B. Vanek, B.A. Fairbanks, Alaska December 2010 UMI Number: 1492804 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI Dissertation Publishing UMI 1492804 Copyright 2011 by ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This edition of the work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. uestA ® ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Abstract This paper explores the expansion of the state into formerly ungoverned aspects of life through an examination of one particular episode of intervention, that of moose hunting regulation in the Central Kuskokwim region of Alaska.
    [Show full text]
  • Public Law 96-487 (ANILCA)
    APPENDlX - ANILCA 587 94 STAT. 2418 PUBLIC LAW 96-487-DEC. 2, 1980 16 usc 1132 (2) Andreafsky Wilderness of approximately one million note. three hundred thousand acres as generally depicted on a map entitled "Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge" dated April 1980; 16 usc 1132 {3) Arctic Wildlife Refuge Wilderness of approximately note. eight million acres as generally depicted on a map entitled "ArcticNational Wildlife Refuge" dated August 1980; (4) 16 usc 1132 Becharof Wilderness of approximately four hundred note. thousand acres as generally depicted on a map entitled "BecharofNational Wildlife Refuge" dated July 1980; 16 usc 1132 (5) Innoko Wilderness of approximately one million two note. hundred and forty thousand acres as generally depicted on a map entitled "Innoko National Wildlife Refuge", dated October 1978; 16 usc 1132 (6} Izembek Wilderness of approximately three hundred note. thousand acres as �enerally depicted on a map entitied 16 usc 1132 "Izembek Wilderness , dated October 1978; note. (7) Kenai Wilderness of approximately one million three hundred and fifty thousand acres as generaJly depicted on a map entitled "KenaiNational Wildlife Refuge", dated October 16 usc 1132 1978; note. (8) Koyukuk Wilderness of approximately four hundred thousand acres as generally depicted on a map entitled "KoxukukNational Wildlife Refuge", dated July 1980; 16 usc 1132 (9) Nunivak Wilderness of approximately six hundred note. thousand acres as generally depicted on a map entitled "Yukon DeltaNational Wildlife Refuge", dated July 1980; 16 usc 1132 {10} Togiak Wilderness of approximately two million two note. hundred and seventy thousand acres as generally depicted on a map entitled "Togiak National Wildlife Refuge", dated July 16 usc 1132 1980; note.
    [Show full text]
  • Fishery Management Report for Sport Fisheries in the Yukon Management Area, 2012
    Fishery Management Report No. 14-31 Fishery Management Report for Sport Fisheries in the Yukon Management Area, 2012 by John Burr June 2014 Alaska Department of Fish and Game Divisions of Sport Fish and Commercial Fisheries Symbols and Abbreviations The following symbols and abbreviations, and others approved for the Système International d'Unités (SI), are used without definition in the following reports by the Divisions of Sport Fish and of Commercial Fisheries: Fishery Manuscripts, Fishery Data Series Reports, Fishery Management Reports, and Special Publications. All others, including deviations from definitions listed below, are noted in the text at first mention, as well as in the titles or footnotes of tables, and in figure or figure captions. Weights and measures (metric) General Mathematics, statistics centimeter cm Alaska Administrative all standard mathematical deciliter dL Code AAC signs, symbols and gram g all commonly accepted abbreviations hectare ha abbreviations e.g., Mr., Mrs., alternate hypothesis HA kilogram kg AM, PM, etc. base of natural logarithm e kilometer km all commonly accepted catch per unit effort CPUE liter L professional titles e.g., Dr., Ph.D., coefficient of variation CV meter m R.N., etc. common test statistics (F, t, χ2, etc.) milliliter mL at @ confidence interval CI millimeter mm compass directions: correlation coefficient east E (multiple) R Weights and measures (English) north N correlation coefficient cubic feet per second ft3/s south S (simple) r foot ft west W covariance cov gallon gal copyright degree (angular ) ° inch in corporate suffixes: degrees of freedom df mile mi Company Co. expected value E nautical mile nmi Corporation Corp.
    [Show full text]
  • Parks Highway and West Alaska Range Region
    Chapter 3: Parks Highway and West Alaska Range Region Parks Highway and West Alaska Range Region The Parks Highway and West Alaska Range encompasses an area of 4,088,136 acres and is situated in the southeastern and eastern part of the planning area. It encompasses the area, generally described in its north-south orientation, from the Fairbanks area and the northern part of the Tanana Valley State Forest south to the Susitna River and the Denali Highway. In its east-west orientation it extends from the Teklanika and Nenana Rivers on the west to the Tanana River on the east. This large region has a high measure of access, from both the Parks Highway and the Alaska Railroad, and as such it is probably the most accessible of the three regions within the planning area. There are a number of small communities within this area, all of which are situated along the Parks Highway and Alaska Railroad; these include, from north to south, Nenana, Clear, Healy/McKinley Village, and Cantwell. Also included in this region are two boroughs (Denali and Fairbanks North Star). The community of Nenana is situated in the FNS Borough while the Denali Borough, which occupies most of the southern half of the planning region, includes the communities of Cantwell, Healy/McKinley Village, and Anderson (Clear). Two major military reservations exist within the region, including the Fort Wainwright facility in the northeastern part of the region and the Clear Air Force Base, at Anderson. The Denali National Park and Preserve, which is significant for tourism, is located southwest of the region.
    [Show full text]
  • Occurrence of Wildlife on the Coronation and Spani'sh Islands
    ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND G~lli JUNEAU, ALASKA STATE OF ALASKA Bill Sheffield, Governor DEPARTMENT OF FISH 1\ND GA1-1E Don Collinsworth, Commissioner DIVISION OF GAME Lewis Pamplin, Director OCCURRENCE OF WILDLIFE ON THE CORONATION AND SPANI'SH ISLANDS. ALASKA BY Charles R. Land E. L. Young, Jr. Petersburg Area Report No. 84-1 1984 TABLE OF CONTENTS Section SUMMARY. 1 OBJECTIVES 2 BACKGROUND 3 C') STUDY AREA 3 ~ <0 C\1 0 PROCEDURES 7 C\1 ~ 0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 8 0 1.{) 1.{) RECOMMENDATIONS. 16 """'C') C') ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 17 LITERATURE CITED 18 FIGURES. 19 TABLES 21 APPENDIX 26 SUMMARY During the period of February to August 1983, a project was initiated to determine the status of the wildlife populations of Coronation Island. Hunting and trapping seasons have been closed for many years and deer and furbearer populations were of primary concern. Our studies indicate that the deer population is high and opening the season is recommended. There appeared to be numerous mink and river otters, and again, opening the season is advised. Forty-eight species of birds were identified during the study. Fourteen species were identified as known or probable nesters. No evidence of wolves was found on the island, although there was a transplant in the 1960's. Terrestrial mammals observed included Sitka black-tailed deer, mink, river otter, Sitka deer mouse, Coronation Island vole, and vagrant shrew. Sea otters were commonly observed and harbor seals and Steller sea lions were numerous. Humpback whales were seen in Aats Bay and Egg Harbor as well as offshore.
    [Show full text]
  • Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve Table of Contents
    Annual Report 2008 Yukon-CharleyYukon-Charley RiversRivers NationalNational PreservePreserve National Park Service Department of the Interior There’s a land where the mountains are nameless, And the rivers all run God knows where; There are lives that are erring and aimless, And deaths that just hang by a hair; There are hardships that nobody reckons; There’s a land - oh, it beckons and beckons, And I want to go back - and I will. Robert Service, from The Spell of the Yukon 2 Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve Table of Contents Purpose and Significance of Yukon-CharleyRivers National Preserve................................................................4 Map of Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve.................................................................................................5 Message from the Superintendent......................................................................................................................6 Performance and Results Section.................................................................................................................7-25 Preserve Resources............................................................................................................................7-20 Public Enjoyment and Visitor Experience.....................................................................................21-25 FY 2008 Financial Summary.............................................................................................................................26 Preserve Organization......................................................................................................................................27
    [Show full text]
  • Of Gold and Gravel: a Pictorial History of Mining Operations at Coal Creek
    OF GOLD AND GRAVEL A Pictorial History of Mining Operations at Coal Creek and Woodchopper Creek, 1934–1938 Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve National Park Service Edited and Notes by Chris Allan OF GOLD AND GRAVEL A Pictorial History of Mining Operations at Coal Creek and Woodchopper Creek, 1934–1938 Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve Edited and Notes by Chris Allan 2021 Acknowledgments I would like to thank Lynn Johnson, the granddaughter of Walter Johnson who designed the Coal Creek and Woodchooper Creek dredges; Rachel Cohen of the Alaska and Polar Regions Collections & Archives; and Jeff Rasic, Adam Freeburg, Kris Fister, Brian Renninger, and Lynn Horvath who all helped with editing and photograph selection. For additional copies contact: Chris Allan National Park Service Fairbanks Administrative Center 4175 Geist Road Fairbanks, Alaska 99709 Printed in Fairbanks, Alaska Front Cover: View from the pilot house of the Coal Creek gold dredge showing the bucket line carrying gravel to be processed inside the machine. The bucket line could dig up to twenty-two feet below the surface. University of Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska & Polar Regions Collections and Archives, Stanton Patty Family Papers. Title Page Inset: A stock certificate for Gold Placers, Inc. signed by General Manager Ernest N. Patty, November 16, 1935. University of Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska & Polar Regions Collections and Archives, Stanton Patty Family Papers. Back Cover: Left to right: The mail carrier Adolph “Ed” Biederman, his son Charlie, daughter Doris, the trapper and miner George Beck, Ed’s son Horace, and Jack Welch, the proprietor of Woodchopper Roadhouse. The group is at Slaven’s Roadhouse on the banks of the Yukon River posing with a mammoth tusk recovered from a placer mining tunnel.
    [Show full text]
  • 2012 Race Information
    IDITAROD HISTORY – GENERAL INFO 2012 RACE INFORMATION 40th Race on 100 Year Old Trail TABLE OF CONTENTS Iditarod Trail Committee Board of Directors and Staff………………………………………………… 3 Introduction…………………..……………………………………………………………………………………... 4 Famous Names………………………………..……………………………………………………………….….. 7 1925 Serum Run To Nome…………………………………………………………………………….………. 8 History of the “Widows Lamp”……………………………………………………………………………….. 9 History of the Red Lantern……..…………………………………………………….…………….………… 9 What Does the Word “Iditarod” Mean?………………………………………………………….………… 9 Animal Welfare……………………………………………………………………………………………….……. 10 Dictionary of Mushing Terms………………………………………………….……………………….…….. 11 Iditarod Insider – GPS Tracking Program.………………………….…………………………….……… 12 Idita-Rider Musher Auction……………………………………..…………………………………….……….. 12 2012 Musher Bib Auction…….………………………………………………………………………….……… 12 Jr. Iditarod…………………....…………………………………………………………………………………….. 13 1978-2011 Jr. Iditarod Winners………………………………………………………………………………. 13 1973-2011 Race Champions & Red Lantern Winners………….…………………………………….. 14 2012 Idita-Facts…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 15 40th Race on 100 Year Old Trail……………………………….……………………………………………. 16 2012 Official Map of the Iditarod Trail…………………………………………………………………… 17 Directions from Downtown Anchorage to Campbell Airstrip/BLM ………….………….……… 18 Official Checkpoint Mileages…………………..…………………………………………………….……... 19 2012 Checkpoint Descriptions……………………………….………………………………………….….. 20 Description of the Iditarod Trail……………………………………………………………….….………. 23 2012 Official Race Rules…….……………………………………………………………………………….
    [Show full text]
  • Alaska Department of Natural Resources Division of Mining, Land and Water
    ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES DIVISION OF MINING, LAND AND WATER PRELIMINARY DECISION ADL 415636, ADL 415639, ADL 415797, ADL 415800 through ADL 415805, ADL 415808 through ADL 415812, 417601, ADL 417602 and ADL 417991 CONVEYANCE OF LAND UNDER 29.65.030 DENALI BOROUGH MUNICIPAL SELECTIONS Proposed Action The Alaska Department of Natural Resources, Mining, Land and Water (DNR) proposes to convey approximately 24,821 acres of state-owned land to the Denali Borough (DB) and reject and retain in state ownership approximately 18,500 acres for public access and fish and wildlife resource protection purposes. The land is located approximately 110 miles south of Fairbanks, primarily on the Parks Highway between Anderson and Cantwell. This land is managed by the state under the Tanana Basin Area Plan (TBAP). The borough will use this land as a resource base for infrastructure development including public purpose facilities, land disposal for community expansion, and commercial and recreation facilities. This decision also clarifies the Final Finding and Decision dated June 26, 2000, approving land to the DB in the Montana Creek and Yanert areas. This decision provides a detailed description of what was intended to be approved and approves additional land in each area selected by the borough. In order to convey portions of the borough’s selections, the Tanana Basin Area Plan (TBAP) must be amended to change certain plan designations into conveyable classifications. An amendment and land classification order will be processed concurrent with this decision process to reclassify those parcels found appropriate for conveyance to the DB as referenced in the plan amendment.
    [Show full text]
  • Straddling the Arctic Circle in the East Central Part of the State, Yukon Flats Is Alaska's Largest Interior Valley
    Straddling the Arctic Circle in the east central part of the State, Yukon Flats is Alaska's largest Interior valley. The Yukon River, fifth largest in North America and 2,300 miles long from its source in Canada to its mouth in the Bering Sea, bisects the broad, level flood- plain of Yukon Flats for 290 miles. More than 40,000 shallow lakes and ponds averaging 23 acres each dot the floodplain and more than 25,000 miles of streams traverse the lowland regions. Upland terrain, where lakes are few or absent, is the source of drainage systems im- portant to the perpetuation of the adequate processes and wetland ecology of the Flats. More than 10 major streams, including the Porcupine River with its headwaters in Canada, cross the floodplain before discharging into the Yukon River. Extensive flooding of low- land areas plays a dominant role in the ecology of the river as it is the primary source of water for the many lakes and ponds of the Yukon Flats basin. Summer temperatures are higher than at any other place of com- parable latitude in North America, with temperatures frequently reaching into the 80's. Conversely, the protective mountains which make possible the high summer temperatures create a giant natural frost pocket where winter temperatures approach the coldest of any inhabited area. While the growing season is short, averaging about 80 days, long hours of sunlight produce a rich growth of aquatic vegeta- tion in the lakes and ponds. Soils are underlain with permafrost rang- ing from less than a foot to several feet, which contributes to pond permanence as percolation is slight and loss of water is primarily due to transpiration and evaporation.
    [Show full text]
  • Memorandum (W&SRS)
    OI'TIONAL FORM NO. 10 MAY 1M2 O:DITION GSA FPMR (~1 Cl'l<) 101•11.1 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT Memorandum (W&SRS) TO Assistant Director Eastman DATE: May 30, 1973 FROM Alaska Task Force Leader ./ su~EcT: Tinayguk Wild and Scenic River Report. Enclo~ed are two copies of a ·prelimi ary draft of Chapters IV and V of the subj~ct report. opy of this report has been provided to NWRO and BLM, · SF&W NPS and FS planriirig t~ams in Anchorage. Chapter IV w1 1 be distributed to study team participants. ~ · ·It is emphasized that the conclusions and recommendations are based upon a single ·aerial examination of June 14, 1972, and upon office review of available information. On-site field examination is scheduled for this summer. Following field work, the preliminary draft will be revised as appropriate and the remaining portions of the report completed. Tileston / 2 Enclosures cc: WASO/Fred Strack ARLIS Alaska Resources .,.ft.~- . Library & Information SerVices · Anchorage Alaska Buy U.S. SfWings Bonds Regularly on the Payroll Savings Plan IOIO•lot ,JINAYGUK RIVER, ALASKA --- A Wild and Scenic Rj.ver Analysis • THIS REPORT WAS PREPARED PURSUANT TO PUBLIC LAW 90-542, THE WILD AND SCENIC RIVERS ACT. PUBLICATION OF THE FINDINGS AND RECOM- MENDATIONS HEREIN SHOULD NOT, -BE CONSTRUED AS REPRESENTING EITHER THE APPROVAL OR DISAPPROVAL OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. THE PURPOSE OF THE REPORT IS TO PROVIDE INFORMATION AND ALTERNA­ TIVES FOR FURTHER CONSIDERATION BY THE BUREAU OF OUTDOOR RECREATION, THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR, AND OTHER FEDERAL AGENCIES. Bureau of Outdoor Recreati6n Alaska Task Force PRELIMINARY DRAFT--­ NOT FOR PUBLIC DISTRI~ BUTION DR PUBLIC USE ---SUBJECT TO REVISION v.
    [Show full text]