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pachypoda (doll’s eyes, white baneberry)

Light part to full shade Moisture moist Height 1.5 to 2.5 feet Bloom late spring Color fragrant white flowers Feature white pea-sized berries/ purplish dot (toxic) (black bugbane)

Light part to full shade Moisture moist to medium Height 3 to 8 feet Bloom summer Color white; fragrant, candle-like spires Larval host Spring Thalictrum thalictroides formerly Anemonella thalictroides (anemone meadow-rue, rue anemone)

Light part shade Moisture moist, well-drained Height 4 to 9 inches Bloom spring through early summer Color white, light pink Benefit tolerates drought, shade Wildlife bees, syrphid flies Anemone acutiloba (sharp-lobed hepatica)

Light shade to light shade Moisture consistently moist Height under 6 inches Bloom spring to early summer Color white, pink, light Wildlife small bees, syrphid flies Anemone americana (blunt-lobed hepatica)

Light partial shade Moisture medium to moist Height 2 to 7 inches Bloom early spring Color blue, , white, pink Wildlife attracts early native bees Anemone canadensis (Canada windflower; Canada anemone)

Light full sun to part shade Moisture medium to dry Height 1 to 2 feet Bloom spring to early summer Color white Wildlife small bees, syrphid flies; tolerates deer, clay soil

© 2017 Arthur Haines Anemone quinquefolia (wood anemone, wood windflower)

Light part to full shade Moisture moist Height 8 inches Bloom early spring Color dainty white, light pink Wildlife nectar for early pollinators when few flowers open canadensis ( columbine)

Light shade to light sun Moisture dry, rocky habitat Height 10 to 25 inches Bloom spring Color red Wildlife long-tongued pollinators Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (kinnikinnick, red bearberry)

Light part sun, sun Soil sandy, poor, acidic Size h 6-12 in; w 2-4 ft Color light pink; blooms in spring Leaves summer glossy ; winter bronzy red bright to dark red Larval host Hoary & Brown Elfins, fritillaries Arisaema triphyllum (Jack-in-the-pulpit)

Light shade Moisture moist to wet Height 1 to 2 feet Bloom spring to early summer Color green red berries eaten by wild turkey, wood thrush Asarum canadense (Canada wild ginger)

Light shade to part sun Moisture moist Height 2 to 8 inches Bloom early spring Color reddish brown Feature medicinal properties Caltha palustris (marsh-marigold)

Light sun, part shade Moisture moist to wet Height 6” to 2 feet Bloom early to late spring Color bright yellow Habitat wet sites Capnoides sempervirens (pink-corydalis)

Light full sun to partial shade Moisture drought tolerant Height 5 – 24 inches Bloom spring through summer Color pink and yellow Wildlife seeds dispersed by ants Carex pensylvanica (Pennsylvania sedge)

Light sun to shade Moisture moist to dry Height 6 – 12 inches Habit grows in clumps Flower spring, insignificant Uses good ground cover for dry areas; good grass replacement Chrysogonium virginianum (green and gold)

Light part shade to shade Soil moist, well-drained, acidic Height 8 inches Bloom spring Color yellow Uses ground cover; easy to grow;

© 2017 Arthur Haines Claytonia virginica (Virginia spring beauty)

Light sun to partial shade Soil rich, well-drained Height 2 to 10 inches Bloom early spring Color white to pink Uses rock and woodland gardens; easy to grow

© 2017 Arthur Haines Erigeron pulchellus (Robin’s plantain fleabane)

Light sun to part shade Soil dry to medium Height 1 to 2 feet Bloom spring to early summer Color pale violet rays with yellow disk Wildlife attracts butterflies

© 2017 Arthur Haines Erythronium americanum (American trout-lily)

Light partial shade Soil moist, rich Height 4 to 10 inches Bloom early spring Color yellow Flowers showy, solitary, nodding Eupatorium perfoliatum (boneset thoroughwort)

Light sun to shade Soil moist to wet Height 2 to 5 feet Bloom mid-summer to fall Color white Wildlife native bees, butterflies Fragaria virginiana (common strawberry)

Light partial shade Soil moist, rich Height 4 to 10 inches Bloom early spring Color white Uses ground cover

© 2018 Arthur Haines Gaultheria procumbens (checkerberry, wintergreen)

Light sun sun to shade Soil moist to somewhat dry Size 3 to 6 inches Color white suffused with pink; spring Habitat understory of acid forests Uses massing ground cover for shade; red berries edible Geranium maculatum (spotted crane’s-bill)

Light part shade to shade Moisture dry to moist Height 1 to 2 feet Bloom late spring to early summer Color pink, purplish-pink Wildlife bees, butterflies Gillenia trifoliata (Bowman’s-root)

Light partial shade, shade Moisture moist to dry Height 2 to 4 feet Bloom late spring, early summer Color white, pink Feature red foliage in autumn

© Rob Cardillo Geum fragarioides (Appalachian barren-strawberry)

Light sun to light shade Moisture moist to dry Height 3 to 6 inches Bloom spring Color yellow Use shade-tolerant ground cover; grass replacement Geranium robertianum (herb-Robert, mountain crane’s-bill)

Light full sun Moisture dry, drought tolerant Height 4 to 20 inches Bloom spring to fall Color pale to deep pink Wildlife attracts butterflies Heuchera americana (common alum root)

Light sun to part shade Moisture medium – dry Height 1 to 2 feet Bloom late spring, early summer Color -blue marbled foliage; greenish-white flowers Wildlife butterflies, humming- birds Houstonia caerulea (little bluet)

Light sun to partial shade Moisture moist to dry Height 2 to 7 inches Bloom spring to midsummer Color pale blue/whitish, yellow center Habitat rock garden, sunny lawns cristata (crested iris)

Light part sun to shade Moisture medium Height 4 to 8 inches Bloom spring Color lavender to white Wildlife hummingbirds, bees

© 2017 Arthur Haines Linnaea borealis (American twinflower)

Light sun to part shade Moisture moist to wet Height 1 to 3 in.; ground cover Bloom summer Color white, pink, bell-shaped, Leaves nodding, evergreen, glossy

© 2017 Arthur Haines

© 2018 Arthur Haines Lobelia cardinalis (cardinal-flower, red lobelia)

Light sun, light shade Moisture moist to medium Height 2 to 3 feet Bloom summer to early fall Color red Wildlife attracts hummingbird

© 2017 Arthur Haines (feathery false Solomon’s-seal)

Light partial shade Moisture medium to moist Height 1 to 3 feet Bloom spring, early summer Color fragrant, creamy white Fruit ruby red berries Mitchella repens (partridge-)

Light part shade Moisture moist to dry Height low, creeping carpet Bloom spring to summer Colors white flowers; red berries; evergreen leaves Wildlife food source for birds Opuntia humifusa (eastern prickly-pear)

Light full sun Moisture dry, sandy Height 8 to 14 inches Bloom late spring Color bright yellow Feature attracts bees; edible seed, fruit, leaves

© Rob Cardillo Osmorhiza claytonii (bland sweet-cicely)

Light sun to part shade Moisture moist to wet Height 1 to 3 feet Bloom spring to early summer Color white Uses under deciduous trees Packera aurea (golden groundsel)

Light full sun to part shade Moisture medium to wet Height 10 to 30 inches Bloom spring to early summer Color golden yellow Wildlife attracts bees Penstemon digitalis (foxglove beardtongue)

Light sun, partial shade Moisture dry to moist Height 2 to 4 feet Bloom spring to early summer Color white, pink Wildlife butterflies, long-tongued bees, hummingbirds Phlox divericata (wild sweet William)

Light full to part shade Moisture medium Height 8 to 12 inches Bloom spring Color rose/lavender or violet/blue Feature naturalizing ground Cover; drought tolerant Phlox stolonifera (creeping phlox)

Light full sun to part shade Moisture medium Height 6 to 12 inches Bloom spring Color white, blue, purple Feature colorful, creeping ground cover Podophyllum peltatum (mandrake, May-apple)

Light part to full shade Moisture medium Height 1 to 1.5 feet Bloom spring Color white Wildlife ripe fruit, edible; birds, mammals, box turtles Pycnanthemum muticum (broad-leaved mountain-mint)

Light sun, partial shade Moisture medium Height 1 to 3 feet Bloom summer Color white, lilac Wildlife attracts many butterfly and bee Sanguinaria canadensis (blood-root)

Light part shade to full shade Moisture moist Height 2 to 12 inches Bloom early spring Color white Use ground cover at base of trees; ants spread seeds Sisyrinchium atlanticum (eastern blue-eyed grass)

Light sun Moisture moist to average garden Height 8 to 12 inches Bloom late spring to summer Color blue to violet Uses rock gardens, low meadows Sibbaldiopsis tridentata (three-toothed-cinquefoil)

Light sun Moisture dry, poor soils Height 1 to 10 in.; forms mats Bloom summer Color white; evergreen leaves Benefit excellent ground cover

© 2017 Glen Mttelhauser Solidago sempervirens (seaside goldenrod)

Light sun Moisture average to dry Height 2 to 4 feet Bloom midsummer to late fall Color yellow; succulent dark-green leaves Wildlife attracts pollinators Spiranthes odorata (fragrant ladies’ tresses)

Light sun to part shade Moisture medium to wet Height 1 to 2 feet Bloom fall Color white, fragrant (vanilla) Uses classic bog orchid Symphyotrichum undulatum (wavy-leaved American-aster)

Light sun, light shade Moisture dry Height 2 to 4 feet Bloom late summer/fall Color white, pale blue to violet Larval host Pearl Crescent Thalictrum pubescens (tall meadow-rue)

Light light shade Moisture moist to wet Height 3 to 8 feet Bloom mid-summer to early fall Color white flowers; glaucous foliage Feature starbursts are stamens, not petals © Rob Cardillo Trillium erectum (red trillium, red wakerobin)

Light part shade Moisture moist Height 6 to 18 inches Bloom spring, fetid-smelling Color maroon Wildlife carrion flies; ants spread seeds Trillium grandiflorum (white trillium, white wakerobin)

Light shade Moisture moist Height 8 to 20 inches Bloom spring Color white, turns pink with age Wildlife flowers remain open for 2–3 weeks; bumble bees Tiarella cordifolia (foam-flower)

Light shade, part shade Moisture moist Height 6 to 12 inches Bloom late spring Color white, airy Use excellent groundcover Uvularia perfoliata (perfoliate bellwort)

Light part shade Moisture moist Height 8 to 16 inches Bloom spring to early summer Color pale yellow, nodding Wildlife bees and butterflies Uvularia sessilifolia (sessile-leaved bellwort)

Light shade Moisture moist Height 6 to 12 inches Bloom spring Color creamy yellow Use deciduous groundcover for shade

Dicentra eximia (wild bleeding-heart)

Light partial shade Soil moist, well-drained Height 12 – 18 inches Bloom spring to summer Color pink to red Wildlife pollinated by bees

© 2017 Arthur Haines Epigaea repens (trailing-arbutus)

Light sun, part shade Soil well-drained but moist Height 4 to 8 inches Bloom spring Color white or pink-tinged Wildlife fragrant; early butter-flies; evergreen

© 2017 Arthur Haines Lilium canadense (Canada lily)

Light sun Moisture moist to wet Height 3 to 8 feet Bloom summer Color red, yellow, orange Wildlife attracts butterflies, bees

© 2017 Arthur Haines Maianthemum stellatum (star-like false Solomon’s seal)

Light part shade Moisture medium Height 1 to 2 feet Bloom spring Colors white; red berries Uses berries edible when ripe; naturalize Pycnanthemum tenuifolium (narrow-leaved mountain-mint)

Light full sun to part shade Moisture dry to medium Height 1 to 3 feet Bloom summer, early fall Color white, lavender; purple Wildlife long bloom attracts many bees, butterflies, skippers Pycnanthemum verticillatum (whorled mountain-mint)

Light full sun to part shade Moisture dry to medium Height 1 to 3 feet Bloom summer Color white Wildlife attracts many pollinators: bees, beetles, butterflies, Polygala paucifolia (fringed milkwort, gaywings)

Light full Moisture moist to medium Height 2 to 6 inches Bloom spring, early summer Color yellow, purple centers Feature showy, orchid-like flowers Solidago bicolor (white goldenrod)

Light sun to part shade Moisture dry Height 6 to 30 inches Bloom summer to fall Color white, yellow Wildlife bees Spigelia marilandica (Indian pink)

Light part to full shade Moisture drought-tolerant Height 1 to 2 feet Bloom June Color red and yellow Wildlife attracts hummingbirds Viola pedata (bird-foot violet)

Light sun to part shade Moisture moist Height 3 to 6 inches Bloom spring to early summer Color purple/violet Wildlife nectar, pollen source; larval host to many species Viola lanceolata (lance-leaved violet)

Light sun to part shade Moisture moist Height 2 to 6 inches Bloom spring to early summer Color white with purple veins Wildlife nectar, pollen source; larval host to many species Lycopodium (club moss family)

Light Habitat soil or rock Habit horizontal stems with upright stems that may or may not be branched, creeping Flowerless needle-like leaves Features epiphytic

© 2018 David Cameroon