Capacity for Sport for Development
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Western University Scholarship@Western Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository 3-23-2018 10:30 AM Capacity for Sport for Development Ryan Clutterbuck The University of Western Ontario Supervisor Doherty, Alison J. The University of Western Ontario Graduate Program in Kinesiology A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree in Doctor of Philosophy © Ryan Clutterbuck 2018 Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd Part of the Sports Management Commons Recommended Citation Clutterbuck, Ryan, "Capacity for Sport for Development" (2018). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 5344. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/5344 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected]. II Abstract The purpose of this dissertation was to explore the management of local sport for development (SFD) in Canada. Specifically, this dissertation uncovers the organizational capacity for local (or domestic) SFD, the processes involved in building capacity to achieve social change objectives through sport, and the perceptions and experiences of National Sport Organization (NSO) leaders regarding SFD. This dissertation is organized using the integrated article format, which includes three separate, but related studies described below. Study 1 explored the organizational capacity for local SFD. Following Hall et al.’s (2003) framework for non-profit organizational capacity, which includes five broad capacity dimensions including human resources, finances, relationship and networks, infrastructure, and planning and development, the study’s co-authors uncovered several critical and unique elements within the local SFD context. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with representatives from 17 local SFD organizations from across Canada. Participants were asked to describe specific organizational aspects that enabled them to achieve their goals – and they identified: familiarity with development issues; grant funding; social capital; facilities; and strategic planning as critical elements, among others. Study 2 built upon the findings of Study 1, and sought to build capacity at two local SFD organizations from the Study 1 sample. Study 2 used an action research method that enabled researchers and participants to work collaboratively to achieve goals identified as meaningful by participants. Specifically, the goals for Study 2 were to build human resources capacity, financial capacity, and relationship and network capacity in three separate interventions. Study 2 followed Ferkins, Shilbury, and McDonald’s (2009) action research framework, which includes four distinct research phases: issue identification; context analysis; intervention and action; and evaluation. During each phase, co-researchers in this project collected data and evaluated the progress of each III intervention, culminating in three unique stories of capacity building for local SFD. Study 3 explored the perspectives and experiences of Canadian National Sport Organization (NSO) leaders regarding SFD in Canada. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a key person(s) from 13 NSOs (n=14), who were asked: to define SFD; to describe how their NSO addresses SFD; and to what extent SFD represents a conflicting or divergent demand. Study 3 followed Pache and Santos’ (2010) model of organizational responses to institutional pluralism, which suggests organizations facing divergent demands respond by acquiescing to, avoiding, manipulating, or defying new demands. According to Pache and Santos (2010), organizations respond based on the nature of the demands (either ideological or functional), and the internal dynamics of the organization experiencing pluralism. In Study 3, NSO leaders indicated that SFD goals align with their mandates for high performance and sport development, and that they are addressing SFD by offering and supporting inclusive programs and initiatives. Together, these three studies offer an analysis of local SFD in Canada from the perspectives of grassroots implementers and national leaders in Canadian sport. Findings from these studies contribute to the growing literature in managing SFD, and may also benefit local SFD practitioners interested in developing their organizations through capacity building. Findings from these studies may also support local SFD partners, granting agencies, and policy makers interested in developing local SFD by addressing areas of identified need. Keywords: Organizational Capacity, Sport for Development, Capacity Building IV Co-Authorship Statement This dissertation is my original work, and I am the lead author on each of its three studies. However, my doctoral advisor, Dr. Alison Doherty, was an integral contributor and thus the studies in this document reflect our collective efforts. Throughout, I use “we” to refer to Dr. Doherty and myself (e.g., “we were interested in determining…” (Study 3, p. 114). V Acknowledgements Thank you to my supervisor, Dr. Alison Doherty. Your encouragement and guidance made this day possible, and your friendship made the journey worthwhile. I am forever grateful and proud to be a card-carrying member of ‘Team Doherty’. Thank you, Alison. Thank you to Dr. Karen Danylchuk and Dr. Craig Hall for your mentorship and support as part of my advisory committee. And, thank you Dr. Jim Weese, Dr. Laura Misener, Dr. Lucie Thibault, and Dr. Jennifer Irwin for your insightful comments that strengthened this document. Thank you, Dr. Patti Millar. Thank you to everyone at the Teaching Support Centre. Thank you to my extended football family, which includes former teammates and now lifelong friends, coaches and administrators, support staff, and countless players that I have been so fortunate to coach. A special thanks to Coach Larry Haylor, whose persistence brought me to Western in the first place, and to Coach Marshall and Dr. Bob La Rose for bringing me back. Thank you to my friends and family, including John and Heather Vouvalidis. Thank you to my supportive partner, Kaitlyn Armstrong. And thank you John and Marilyn. VI Table of Contents Abstract… ....................................................................................................................................... ii Co-Authorship Statement… ........................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgements… ..................................................................................................................... v Table of Contents… ....................................................................................................................... vi List of Figures… ............................................................................................................................ ix List of Tables… .............................................................................................................................. x List of Appendices… ..................................................................................................................... xi Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 References… ....................................................................................................................... 9 Study 1… ...................................................................................................................................... 15 Organizational Capacity for Local Sport for Development… ...................................................... 15 Organizational Capacity .................................................................................................... 17 Capacity for SFD Literature .............................................................................................. 20 Methods..........................................................................................................................................22 Participants… .................................................................................................................... 22 Data Collection and Analysis… .........................................................................................24 Findings & Discussion… .............................................................................................................. 26 Human Resources Capacity ...............................................................................................28 Financial Capacity .............................................................................................................34 External Relationship and Network Capacity ....................................................................37 Infrastructure and Process Capacity .................................................................................. 41 Planning and Development Capacity ................................................................................ 45 VII Limitations and Future Research… ...............................................................................................47 Implications for Practitioners… .................................................................................................... 48 References… ................................................................................................................................