Bacteria vs. Virus

JUNE 8 – 12, 2020 Review: Biological Classification

From general (most species) to specific (only one species)  To remember the order you can use this saying: Did King Philip Come Over For Great Spaghetti  Domain  Kingdom  Phylum  Class  Order  Family  Genus  Species Review: 3 Domains

(Kingdom Eubacteria)  Have strong exterior walls  DNA different from all other organisms  (Kingdom Archaebacteria)  Have cell walls but not as strong  DNA is different from bacteria and similar to eukaryotes  Eukarya (Kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia)  Eukaryotes  Cells with nucleus and organelles  Multicellular  Sexual reproduction

Review: Six Kingdoms Six Kingdoms of Life

Organisms are grouped according to  Cell type – prokaryotes or eukaryotes  Cell walls – do organisms have cell walls  Body type – unicellular or multicellular  Reproduces – sexual or asexual  Nutrition – make their own food (autotrophs) or get food from eating other organisms (heterotrophs) Six Kingdoms of Life

Kingdom Cell Type Cell Wall Body Type Reproduction Nutrition

Archaebacteria Prokaryote Yes, but no Unicellular Asexual Heterotroph Peptidoglycan Autotroph

Eubacteria Prokaryote Yes, with Unicellular Asexual Usually Peptidoglycan Heterotroph

Protista Eukaryote Most do Multicellular Sexual Heterotroph Unicellular Asexual Autotroph

Fungi Eukaryote Yes with Multicellular Sexual Heterotroph Chitin Unicellular Asexual

Plantae Eukaryote Yes with Multicellular Sexual Autotroph Cellulose Asexual

Animalia Eukaryote No Multicellular Sexual Heterotroph Bacterial Organization

Bacteria

Eubacteria Archaebacteria

Found Found in Everywhere harsh environments

Live in Live in Cause Ancestors of soil human illnesses body Eukaryotic cells Bacteria

 Unicellular prokaryotes with cell walls  Some are harmful  Produce toxins that are harmful to the host called antigens  Host produces proteins called antibodies to fight antigens  Others are helpful  Intestinal bacteria help with digestion  Probiotics help immune system  Active cultures in yogurt Bacteria Structure

Ribosome Cell Cell Peptidoglycan wall membrane

Flagellum DNA Pili Bacteria Reproduction

 Asexual  One parent  No sex necessary  Binary Fission  Produces identical offspring  2 steps DNA replication Cytokinesis Viruses

 Non-living, need a host cell to reproduce  Contain either DNA or RNA  Genetic material surrounded by a protein coat called a capsid  Viruses are packages of  Nucleic acids  Proteins Basic Structure of Viruses Viral Reproduction

 Viruses are unable to reproduce without a host  They take over the host and reprogram the host cell to make more viruses  Therefore, the host becomes a virus factory  They reproduce in two ways  Lytic Cycle-where they kill the cell they are living in and make you sick right away  Lysogenic Cycle-Where they live in the cell and don’t make you sick right away Bacteria vs. Virus

Bacteria Virus

Is it living? Yes No

Does it need a host to No Yes reproduce? Is it a cell? Yes, single-celled No

Does it contain genetic Yes Yes information?