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Two Carangid Fishes (Actinopterygii: Perciformes), Caranx Heberi And

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Two Carangid Fishes (Actinopterygii: Perciformes), Caranx Heberi And Species Diversity, 2007, 12, 223–235 Two Carangid Fishes (Actinopterygii: Perciformes), Caranx heberi and Ulua mentalis, from Kagoshima: the First Records from Japan and Northernmost Records for the Species Hiroyuki Motomura1, Seishi Kimura2 and Yuriko Haraguchi1 1 The Kagoshima University Museum, 1-21-30 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065 Japan E-mail: [email protected] 2 Fisheries Research Laboratory, Mie University, 4190-172 Wagu, Shima, Mie, 517-0703 Japan E-mail: [email protected] (Received 7 July 2007; Accepted 7 October 2007) Catches of two carangid fishes (Perciformes), Caranx heberi (Bennett, 1830) (two specimens: 251.5–260.0 mm fork length) and Ulua mentalis (Cuvier, 1833) (nine specimens: 203.6–244.0 mm), off Kasasa on the East China Sea side of Kagoshima Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan, represent the northernmost records of these Indo-West Pacific species. Caranx heberi has not previously been recorded north of the equator in the western Pacific, and the northern- most record of U. mentalis has been Taiwan. The Kagoshima specimens are described in detail and their biogeographic implications are discussed. Key Words: Teleostei, Actinopterygii, Carangidae, Caranx heberi, Ulua mentalis, Japan, new records. Introduction In their catalog of Japanese fishes, Jordan et al. (1913) reviewed the previous literature related to Japanese fishes, including Temminck and Schlegel, Stein- dachner and Döderlein, and Hilgendorf, and listed 20 species of the family Carangi- dae from Japan (excepting the Ryukyu Islands), with the Japanese name for each. Wakiya (1924) later reviewed the carangoid fishes of Korea, Japan, and Taiwan in detail and recognized 74 species. Subsequently, Okada (1938) listed 66 carangid species from Japan (including the Ryukyu Islands) and Taiwan, 13 of which oc- curred only off Taiwan. Matsubara (1955) provided keys to 54 species of Carangidae from Japan, including the Ryukyu Islands. More recently, Gushiken (1983) reviewed the carangid fishes of Japan and Tai- wan, recognizing 57 species, and Senou (1993), who recognized 54 carangid species from Japan (including the Ryukyu Islands), illustrated and keyed all of the species. Thereafter, three carangid species, Alepes djedaba (Forsskål, 1775), Scomberoides commersonnianus Lacepède, 1801, and Trachinotus mookalee Cuvier, 1832, were recorded from Japan by Iwatsuki and Kimura (1996), Motomura et al. (1998), and Iwatsuki et al. (2000), respectively. Based on voucher specimens, Senou (2000, 2002) subsequently regarded 56 carangid species as occurring in Japanese waters, but failed to include T. mookalee. Accordingly, 57 carangid species in total are cur- rently known from Japanese waters. From November, 2006, to January, 2007, numerous carangid specimens with a 224 Hiroyuki Motomura et al. rounded body, strong lower jaw, and long, numerous gill rakers were collected by trap nets set off Kasasa on the East China Sea side of Kagoshima Prefecture, Kyushu, southern Japan. Nine specimens were subsequently donated to the Kagoshima University Museum and identified as Ulua mentalis (Cuvier, 1833). In addition, two carangid specimens collected with U. mentalis and initially identified as Caranx papuensis Alleyne and Macleay, 1877 were subsequently shown to be C. heberi (Bennett, 1830). These specimens of C. heberi and U. mentalis represent the first confirmed records of these two species from Japan and are also the northern- most records for both thus far. The specimens are described below in detail and their biogeographic implications are discussed. Material and Methods Counts and measurements followed Hubbs and Lagler (1947) and Smith-Vaniz and Jelks (2006), with the exception of pectoral-fin ray counts, which here include the uppermost spine-like element. Scute counts for the straight portion of the lat- eral line include the scutes on the caudal-fin base. Standard and fork lengths are expressed as SL and FL, respectively. Specimens examined in this study have been deposited in the Field Museum of Natural History, USA (FMNH), the Fisheries Re- search Laboratory, Mie University, Japan (FRLM), and the Kagoshima University Museum, Japan (KAUM). For comparison, the following specimens were examined. Caranx ignobilis (Forsskål, 1775): FMNH 59470 (formerly Carnegie Museum No. 7736), 163.2 mm SL (175.3 mm FL), Kii, Japan, studied by Wakiya (1924). Caranx papuensis: FRLM 10762, 227.5 mm SL (248.0 mm FL), fish market at Yonabaru, Okinawa Island, Japan, 17 May 1990, coll. S. Kimura; KAUM-I. 1097, 206.8 mm SL (220.1 mm FL), east of Sakinoyama, Kataura, Kasasa, Minami-satsuma, Kagoshima, Japan, 31°25.44ЈN, 130°11.49ЈE, 27 m depth, set net, 8 November 2006, coll. M. Ito, collected with KAUM- I. 1098 of C. heberi examined in this study. Taxonomy Caranx heberi (Bennett, 1830) [New standard Japanese name: Itou-onihira-aji] (Figs 1A, 2A, Table 1) Scomber heberi Bennett, 1830: unnumbered page, pl. 26 (type locality: south coast of Ceylon (Sri Lanka)). Caranx sem Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1833: 105 (type locality: India). Caranx williamsi Smith, 1968: 180, pl. 38 (type locality: South Africa). Material examined. KAUM-I. 1098, 1 specimen, 233.0 mm SL (251.5 mm FL), east of Sakinoyama, Kataura, Kasasa, Minami-satsuma, Kagoshima, Japan, 31°25.44ЈN, 130°11.49ЈE, 27 m depth, set net, 8 November 2006, coll. M. Ito; KAUM-I. 1123, 1 specimen, 239.5 mm SL (260.0 mm FL), same data as KAUM-I. 1098, except for collection date, 9 November 2006. Two Carangid Fishes from Japan 225 Fig. 1. A, Caranx heberi (Bennett, 1830), KAUM-I. 1098, 233.0 mm SL, Kasasa, Kagoshima, Japan; B, C. papuensis Alleyne and Macleay, 1877, KAUM-I. 1097, 206.8 mm SL. Description of Japanese specimens. Counts and proportional measure- ments, the latter as percentages of FL, are given in Table 1. Body and head moderately compressed, head width narrower than greatest body width. Body moderately deep, deepest at second dorsal-fin origin; dorsal pro- file more strongly convex than ventral profile. Head moderate, its length much greater than that of anal-fin lobe. Dorsal profile of snout in front of eye nearly straight. Mouth oblique, forming angle of about 25 degrees to horizontal axis of head and body. Horizontal line from anterodorsal corner of premaxilla passing through ventral margin of eye in lateral view. Posterior margin of maxilla extend- 226 Hiroyuki Motomura et al. Table 1. Meristic and morphometric data for Japanese specimens of Caranx heberi. Caranx heberi KAUM-I. 1098 1123 Mean* D-fin rays VIII–I, 20 VIII–I, 19 VIII–I, 20 A-fin rays II–I, 15 II–I, 15 II–I, 15 P1-fin rays 21 21 21 P2-fin rays I, 5 I, 5 I, 5 Gill rakers 7ϩ18 7ϩ17 7ϩ18 Scales in curved portion of lateral line 59 55 57 Scales in straight portion of lateral line 3 5 4 Scutes in straight portion of lateral line 35 31 33 Standard L (SL, mm) 233.0 239.5 Fork L (FL, mm) 251.5 260.0 %FL Body depth 33.5 33.0 33.2 Head L 26.9 27.0 26.9 Snout L 7.5 7.7 7.6 Upper-jaw L 11.6 12.0 11.8 Orbit diameter 5.9 6.1 6.0 Postorbital head L 14.5 14.4 14.4 Interorbital width 6.4 6.8 6.6 Snout to 1st D-fin origin 36.9 37.4 37.2 Snout to 2nd D-fin origin 53.1 53.6 53.3 Snout to P2-fin origin 30.0 29.5 29.8 Snout to 1st A-fin spine 48.1 47.9 48.0 D-fin base L 51.9 51.5 51.7 A-fin base L 37.3 37.5 37.4 1st D-fin origin to 2nd D-fin origin 17.4 17.9 17.6 Longest D-fin spine L 11.1 – 11.1 D-fin lobe L 17.7 17.4 17.6 A-fin lobe L 16.9 16.8 16.9 P1-fin L 31.9 31.5 31.7 P2-fin L 13.5 13.3 13.4 Upper C-fin lobe L 25.3 24.5 24.9 Lower C-fin lobe L 24.8 24.4 24.6 C-peduncle L 11.6 11.8 11.7 C-peduncle depth 3.4 3.4 3.4 L of curved portion of lateral line 36.7 34.0 35.4 L of straight portion of lateral line 32.7 34.3 33.5 Abbreviations: A, anal; C, caudal; D, dorsal; L, length; P1, pectoral; P2, pelvic. * Mean values for meristic data are rounded off to whole numbers. ing slightly beyond vertical line drawn through posterior margin of pupil; poste- rior end of maxilla slightly concave, slanted anteroventrally. Lower jaw well devel- oped, not projecting beyond upper jaw; height of dentary subequal to pupil diame- ter. Upper jaw with two rows of teeth, including outer row of strong canines (all widely separated from each other) and inner row of villiform teeth; vomer and palatines with villiform teeth; tongue without teeth. Anterior nostril slightly Two Carangid Fishes from Japan 227 larger than posterior nostril; both nostrils elliptical. Fleshy adipose eyelid well de- veloped, covering eye anteriorly and posteriorly; pupil completely exposed. Snout length greater than orbit diameter. Posterodorsal margin of opercular membrane smooth. Cleithrum margin smooth. Gill rakers seven on upper limb, 17 or 18 on lower limb of first gill arch, total rakers 24 or 25; longest raker on first gill arch subequal in length to longest gill filament, slightly greater than orbit diameter; rakers on anteroventral portion of first gill arch not projecting into mouth along side of tongue. First dorsal fin with eight spines; fin origin posterior to pelvic-fin origin; longest spine slightly greater than orbit diameter. Second dorsal fin with one spine and 19 or 20 soft rays, its lobe shorter than head.
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