Base Line a Newsletter of the Map and Geography Roundtable
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Planetary Geologic Mappers Annual Meeting
Program Lunar and Planetary Institute 3600 Bay Area Boulevard Houston TX 77058-1113 Planetary Geologic Mappers Annual Meeting June 12–14, 2018 • Knoxville, Tennessee Institutional Support Lunar and Planetary Institute Universities Space Research Association Convener Devon Burr Earth and Planetary Sciences Department, University of Tennessee Knoxville Science Organizing Committee David Williams, Chair Arizona State University Devon Burr Earth and Planetary Sciences Department, University of Tennessee Knoxville Robert Jacobsen Earth and Planetary Sciences Department, University of Tennessee Knoxville Bradley Thomson Earth and Planetary Sciences Department, University of Tennessee Knoxville Abstracts for this meeting are available via the meeting website at https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/pgm2018/ Abstracts can be cited as Author A. B. and Author C. D. (2018) Title of abstract. In Planetary Geologic Mappers Annual Meeting, Abstract #XXXX. LPI Contribution No. 2066, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston. Guide to Sessions Tuesday, June 12, 2018 9:00 a.m. Strong Hall Meeting Room Introduction and Mercury and Venus Maps 1:00 p.m. Strong Hall Meeting Room Mars Maps 5:30 p.m. Strong Hall Poster Area Poster Session: 2018 Planetary Geologic Mappers Meeting Wednesday, June 13, 2018 8:30 a.m. Strong Hall Meeting Room GIS and Planetary Mapping Techniques and Lunar Maps 1:15 p.m. Strong Hall Meeting Room Asteroid, Dwarf Planet, and Outer Planet Satellite Maps Thursday, June 14, 2018 8:30 a.m. Strong Hall Optional Field Trip to Appalachian Mountains Program Tuesday, June 12, 2018 INTRODUCTION AND MERCURY AND VENUS MAPS 9:00 a.m. Strong Hall Meeting Room Chairs: David Williams Devon Burr 9:00 a.m. -
Lesson 4–How to Read a Topographic Map
Lesson 4–How to Read a Topographic Map Key teaching points Suggestions for teaching Ask students to answer these ques- this lesson (3, 35-minute sessions) tions and fill in their answers on A topographic map is a representa- Activity Sheet #4: tion of a three-dimensional surface on On the poster is a topographic map a flat piece of paper. The digital eleva- of Salt Lake City. This lesson will help Which is higher, hill A or hill B? tion model on the poster is helpful in students learn how to read that map. (Answer: hill B) understanding topographic maps. Learning to use a topographic map is a difficult skill, because it requires stu- Which is steeper, hill A or hill B? Contour lines, sometimes called "level dents to visualize a three-dimensional (Answer: hill B) lines," join points of equal elevation. surface from a flat piece of paper. The closer together the contour lines Students need both practice and imag- 3. Compare a topographic map to a picture of the same place. Now have appear on a topographic map, the ination to learn to visualize hills and steeper the slope (assuming constant valleys from the contour lines on a the students look at the topographic of the same two hills. Say, "The contour intervals). topographic map. map lines you see on this map are called contour lines. Can you see why they Topographic maps have a variety of A digital terrain model of Salt Lake City uses, from planning the best route for is shown on the poster. -
Survey of India Department of Science & Technology Rashtriya Manchitran Niti NATIONAL MAP POLICY 1
Survey of India Department of Science & Technology Rashtriya Manchitran Niti NATIONAL MAP POLICY 1. PREAMBLE All socio-economic developmental activities, conservation of natural resources, planning for disaster mitigation and infrastructure development require high quality spatial data. The advancements in digital technologies have now made it possible to use diverse spatial databases in an integrated manner. The responsibility for producing, maintaining and disseminating the topographic map database of the whole country, which is the foundation of all spatial data vests with the Survey of India (SOI). Recently, SOI has been mandated to take a leadership role in liberalizing access of spatial data to user groups without jeopardizing national security. To perform this role, the policy on dissemination of maps and spatial data needs to be clearly stated. 2. OBJECTIVES • To provide, maintain and allow access and make available the National Topographic Database (NTDB) of the SOI conforming to national standards. • To promote the use of geospatial knowledge and intelligence through partnerships and other mechanisms by all sections of the society and work towards a knowledge-based society. 3. TWO SERIES OF MAPS To ensure that in the furtherance of this policy, national security objectives are fully safeguarded, it has been decided that there will be two series of maps namely (a) Defence Series Maps (DSMs)- These will be the topographical maps (on Everest/WGS-84 Datum and Polyconic/UTM Projection) on various scales (with heights, contours and full content without dilution of accuracy). These will mainly cater for defence and national security requirements. This series of maps (in analogue or digital forms) for the entire country will be classified, as appropriate, and the guidelines regarding their use will be formulated by the Ministry of Defence. -
Density-Equalizing Map Projections: Diffusion-Based Algorithm and Applications
Density-equalizing map projections: Diffusion-based algorithm and applications Michael T. Gastner and M. E. J. Newman Physics Department and Center for the Study of Complex Systems,, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 Abstract Map makers have for many years searched for a way to construct cartograms|maps in which the sizes of geographic regions such as coun- tries or provinces appear in proportion to their population or some sim- ilar property. Such maps are invaluable for the representation of census results, election returns, disease incidence, and many other kinds of hu- man data. Unfortunately, in order to scale regions and still have them fit together, one is normally forced to distort the regions' shapes, po- tentially resulting in maps that are difficult to read. Here we present a technique for making cartograms based on ideas borrowed from elemen- tary physics that is conceptually simple and produces easily readable maps. We illustrate the method with applications to disease and homi- cide cases, energy consumption and production in the United States, and the geographical distribution of stories appearing in the news. 1 2 Michael T. Gastner and M. E. J. Newman 1 Introduction Suppose we wish to represent on a map some data concerning, to take the most common example, the human population. For instance, we might wish to show votes in an election, incidence of a disease, number of cars, televisions, or phones in use, numbers of people falling in one group or another of the population, by age or income, or any other variable of statistical, medical, or demographic interest. -
Geologic Maps of Washington
GEOLOGIC MAPS OF WASHINGTON DGER GM-53 124° 117° 123° 122° 121° 120° CANADA 119° 118° 49° 49° WASHINGTON STATE PEND DGER OFR 2000-5 WHATCOM DGER OFR 90-5 USA FERRY (scale 1:500,000) OREILLE Roche Mount Bellingham Robinson Oroville Republic Colville Harbor Baker Mtn 125° OKANOGAN DGER OFR 2003-17 48°30 USGS Map I-2660 DGER OFR 90-10 DGER OFR 90-13 48°30 CANADA DGER OFR 90-11 SAN USA Port JUAN SKAGIT DGER DGER OFR 90-12 ISLAND OFR 90-9 Cape Angeles Port Sauk Nespelem Chewelah Flattery Townsend River Twisp Omak USGS Map I-1198F DGER OFR 2003-5 DGER OFR 2003-6 DGER DGER OFR 90-14 48° USGS Map I-1198G USGS Map I -2592 OFR 95-3 DGER OFR 90-16 48° CLALLAM USGS OFR 93-233 STEVENS IDAHO SNOHOMISH DOUGLAS JEFFERSON USGS OFR 91-147 CHELAN Mount Coulee Forks Seattle Skykomish Banks Spokane Olympus River Chelan Lake Dam DGER OFR 2000-4 DGER OFR 2003-4 DGER OFR 90-17 47°30 KITSAP USGS Map I-1963 USGS Map I-1661 DGER OFR 90-6 DGER OFR 90-15 47°30 GRAYS GIS data only KING LINCOLN SPOKANE Copalis HARBOR GRANT Snoqualmie Moses Beach Shelton Tacoma Wenatchee Ritzville Rosalia MASON Pass Lake DGER OFR 2003-16 KITTITAS DGER OFR 2003-15 47° DGER OFR 87-3 USGS Map I-2538 USGS Map I-1311 DGER OFR 90-1 DGER OFR 90-2 DGER OFR 90-7 47° WHITMAN PIERCE ADAMS THURSTON Westport Chehalis Mount Priest Pullman River Centralia Yakima Connell LEWIS Rainier Rapids FRANKLIN DGER DGER OFR 87-8 DGER OFR 87-8 DGER 46°30 DGER OFR 87-11 DGER OFR 87-16 OFR 86-4 OFR 94-12 DGER OFR 94-13 DGER OFR 94-14 DGER OFR 94-6 46°30 PACIFIC GARFIELD YAKIMA DGER COLUMBIA OFR 86-3 BENTON Ilwaco WAHKIAKUM Mount Clarkston Mount Richland Walla Walla Astoria St. -
US Topo Map Users Guide
US Topo Map Users Guide April 2018. Based on Adobe Reader XI version 11.0.20 (Minor updates and corrections, November 2017.) April 2018 Updates Based on Adobe Reader DC version 2018.009.20050 In 2017, US Topo production systems were redesigned. This system change has few impacts on the design and appearance of US Topo maps, but does affect the geospatial characteristics. The previous version of this Users Guide is frozen in its current form, and applies to US Topo maps created The previous version of this Users Guide, which before approximately June 2017 and to all HTMC applies to US Topo maps created before June maps. The document you are now reading applies 2017 and to all HTMC maps, is linked from to US Topo maps created after June 2017, and https://nationalmap.gov/ustopo will be maintained into the future. US Topo maps are the current generation of USGS topographic maps. The first of these maps were published in 2009. They are modeled on the legacy 7.5-minute series of the mid-20th century, but unlike traditional topographic maps they are mass produced from GIS databases, and are published as PDF documents instead of as paper maps. US Topo maps include base data from The National Map and other sources, including roads, hydrography, contours, boundaries, woodland cover, structures, geographic names, an aerial photo image, Federal land boundaries, and shaded relief. For more information see the project web page at https://nationalmap.gov/ustopo. The Historical Topographic Map Collection (HTMC) includes all editions and all scales of USGS standard topographic quadrangle maps originally published as paper maps in the period 1884-2006. -
Cartography. the Definitive Guide to Making Maps, Sample Chapter
Cartograms Cartograms offer a way of accounting for differences in population distribution by modifying the geography. Geography can easily get in the way of making a good Consider the United States map in which thematic map. The advantage of a geographic map is that it states with larger populations will inevitably lead to larger numbers for most population- gives us the greatest recognition of shapes we’re familiar with related variables. but the disadvantage is that the geographic size of the areas has no correlation to the quantitative data shown. The intent However, the more populous states are not of most thematic maps is to provide the reader with a map necessarily the largest states in area, and from which comparisons can be made and so geography is so a map that shows population data in the almost always inappropriate. This fact alone creates problems geographical sense inevitably skews our perception of the distribution of that data for perception and cognition. Accounting for these problems because the geography becomes dominant. might be addressed in many ways such as manipulating the We end up with a misleading map because data itself. Alternatively, instead of changing the data and densely populated states are relatively small maintaining the geography, you can retain the data values but and vice versa. Cartograms will always give modify the geography to create a cartogram. the map reader the correct proportion of the mapped data variable precisely because it modifies the geography to account for the There are four general types of cartogram. They each problem. distort geographical space and account for the disparities caused by unequal distribution of the population among The term cartogramme can be traced to the areas of different sizes. -
Chapter 13.2: Topographic Maps 1
Chapter 13.2: Topographic Maps 1 A map is a model or representation of objects and terrain in the actual environment. There are numerous types of maps. Some of the types of maps include mental, planimetric, topographic, and even treasure maps. The concept of mapping was introduced in the section using natural features. Maps are created for numerous purposes. A treasure map is used to find the buried treasure. Topographic maps were originally used for military purposes. Today, they have been used for planning and recreational purposes. Although other types of maps are mentioned, the primary focus of this section is on topographic maps. Types of Maps Mental Maps – The mind makes mental maps all the time. You drive to the grocery store. You turn right onto the boulevard. You identify a street sign, building or other landmark and know where this is where you turn. You have made a mental map. This was discussed under using natural features. Planimetric Maps – A planimetric map is a two dimensional representation of objects in the environment. Generally, planimetric maps do not include topographic representation. Road maps, Rand McNally ® and GoogleMaps ® (not GoogleEarth) are examples of planimetric maps. Topographic Maps – Topographic maps show elevation or three-dimensional topography two dimensionally. Topographic maps use contour lines to show elevation. A chart refers to a nautical chart. Nautical charts are topographic maps in reverse. Rather than giving elevation, they provide equal levels of water depth. Topographic Maps Topographic maps show elevation or three-dimensional topography two dimensionally. Topographic maps use contour lines to show elevation. -
(GIS)-Based Approach to Derivative Map Production and Visualizing Bedrock Topography Within the Town of Rutland, Vermont, USA
ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2014, 3, 130-142; doi:10.3390/ijgi3010130 OPEN ACCESS ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information ISSN 2220-9964 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijgi/ Article A Geographic Information Systems (GIS)-Based Approach to Derivative Map Production and Visualizing Bedrock Topography within the Town of Rutland, Vermont, USA John G. Van Hoesen Department of Environmental Studies, Green Mountain College, One Brennan Circle, Poultney, VT 05764, USA; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-802-287-8387; Fax: +1-802-287-8080 Received: 17 December 2013; in revised form: 21 January 2014 / Accepted: 22 January 2014 / Published: 29 January 2014 Abstract: Many state and national geological surveys produce map products from surficial and bedrock geologic maps as a value-added deliverable for a variety of stakeholders. Improvements in powerful geostatistical exploratory tools and robust three-dimensional capabilities within geographic information systems (GIS) can facilitate the production of derivative products. In addition to providing access to geostatistical functions, many software packages are also capable of rendering three-dimensional visualizations using spatially distributed point data. A GIS-based approach using ESRI’s® Geostatistical Analyst® was used to create derivative maps depicting surficial overburden, bedrock topography, and potentiometric surface using well data and bedrock exposures. This methodology describes the importance and relevance of creating three-dimensional visualizations in tandem with traditional two-dimensional map products. These 3D products are especially useful for town managers and planners—often unfamiliar with interpreting two-dimensional geologic map products—so they can better visualize and understand the relationships between surficial overburden and potential groundwater resources. -
TOPOGRAPHIC MAP of OKLAHOMA Kenneth S
Page 2, Topographic EDUCATIONAL PUBLICATION 9: 2008 Contour lines (in feet) are generalized from U.S. Geological Survey topographic maps (scale, 1:250,000). Principal meridians and base lines (dotted black lines) are references for subdividing land into sections, townships, and ranges. Spot elevations ( feet) are given for select geographic features from detailed topographic maps (scale, 1:24,000). The geographic center of Oklahoma is just north of Oklahoma City. Dimensions of Oklahoma Distances: shown in miles (and kilometers), calculated by Myers and Vosburg (1964). Area: 69,919 square miles (181,090 square kilometers), or 44,748,000 acres (18,109,000 hectares). Geographic Center of Okla- homa: the point, just north of Oklahoma City, where you could “balance” the State, if it were completely flat (see topographic map). TOPOGRAPHIC MAP OF OKLAHOMA Kenneth S. Johnson, Oklahoma Geological Survey This map shows the topographic features of Oklahoma using tain ranges (Wichita, Arbuckle, and Ouachita) occur in southern contour lines, or lines of equal elevation above sea level. The high- Oklahoma, although mountainous and hilly areas exist in other parts est elevation (4,973 ft) in Oklahoma is on Black Mesa, in the north- of the State. The map on page 8 shows the geomorphic provinces The Ouachita (pronounced “Wa-she-tah”) Mountains in south- 2,568 ft, rising about 2,000 ft above the surrounding plains. The west corner of the Panhandle; the lowest elevation (287 ft) is where of Oklahoma and describes many of the geographic features men- eastern Oklahoma and western Arkansas is a curved belt of forested largest mountainous area in the region is the Sans Bois Mountains, Little River flows into Arkansas, near the southeast corner of the tioned below. -
Cartogram Data Projection for Self-Organizing Maps
Cartogram Data Projection for Self-Organizing Maps David H. Brown and Lutz Hamel Dept. of Computer Science and Statistics University of Rhode Island USA Email: [email protected] or [email protected] Abstract— Self-Organizing Maps (SOMs) are often visualized During training, adjustments to each node’s n- by applying Ultsch’s Unified Distance Matrix (U-Matrix) and dimensional values are also partially applied to nodes found labeling the cells of the 2-D grid with training data within a time step sensitive radius of its 2-D grid position. observations. Although powerful and the de facto standard Thus, changes in feature-space values are smoothed, forming visualization for SOMs, this does not provide for two key clusters of similar values within the local neighborhoods on pieces of information when considering real world data mining the 2-D grid. applications: (a) While the U-Matrix indicates the location of Clustering is often indicated by shading each cell to possible clusters on the map, it typically does not accurately indicate the average distance in feature-space of the node to convey the size of the underlying data population within these its 2-D grid neighbors; this is the Unified Distance Matrix clusters. (b) When mapping training data observations onto (U-Matrix) [2]. To map training data to this grid, the node the 2-D grid of the SOM it often occurs that multiple observations are mapped onto a single cell of the grid. Simply nearest in feature-space to a training observation is labeling the observations on a single cell does not provide any identified. -
Application of Geologic Mapping and Geographic Information Systems To
APPLICATION OF GEOLOGIC MAPPING AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS TO DELINEATE SENSITIVE KARST AREAS FOR LAND-USE DECISIONS Jim Cichon, Alex Wood, Alan Baker and Jon Arthur Florida Geological Survey, Hydrogeology Program The Problem: The Floridan aquifer system (FAS), a thick sequence of Tertiary carbonates, is the major fresh water resource in the Florida panhandle. The expanding population of the State places an ever-growing demand on the fresh-water resources through increased land and water use. Overburden comprised of surficial aquifer sediments or intermediate confining unit (ICU) sediments may act to protect the FAS from potential contamination sources where it is present. This overburden can be several hundred feet thick where it provides variable confinement for the FAS, or it can be thin to absent in areas where carbonate units comprising the FAS are exposed at or near land surface. In areas where the overburden is thin to absent, the potential for karst terrain development is increased. Sinkholes and collapse features are more common and occur at a much Figure 1: Generalized geologic map of northwestern Florida (modified from Scott, et al. 2001). greater rate than in well-confined areas. The nature of karst terrain provides preferential flow paths for surface water to enter the underlying aquifer system, and therefore aquifer systems underlying karst terrain are at a greater risk to surface contamination potential. The Geologic Map: In Florida, areas of karst topography are associated with, but not limited to shallow and exposed carbonate rocks. The state geologic map of Florida and associated cross-sections provide this detailed lithologic information (Scott, et al, 2001).