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Sessile Peritrichs (Ciliophora: Peritricha) from Fresh- Water Fish in the Transvaal, South Africa

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Sessile Peritrichs (Ciliophora: Peritricha) from Fresh- Water Fish in the Transvaal, South Africa Sessile peritrichs (Ciliophora: Peritricha) from fresh­ water fish in the Transvaal, South Africa Sophie Viljoen and J.G. van As Research Unit for Fish Biology, Rand Afrikaans University, Johannesburg Sessile peritrichs (Ciliophora: Peritricha) were collected from In the most comprehensive work to date on sessile peritrichs freshwater fish in lakes, rivers, streams and fish-ponds in the from freshwater fish, Lorn (1966) expresses the opinion that Transvaal, South Africa Nine species of the genus Apiosoma studies of fish parasites have advanced from the purely de­ Blanchard, 1885 are described, i.e. seven new species; A. scriptive to ecological investigations but, in the case of piscean cau/ata sp.n., A. curvinuc/eata sp.n, A. micra/esti sp.n., A. moth/apitsis sp.n., A. ob/iqua sp.n., A. phia/a sp.n. and A. sessile peritrichs, not even the alpha taxonomy has been suffi­ viridis sp.n., and two known species; A. nasalis (Timofeev, ciently clarified. Since 1966 very few taxonomic works (Banina 1962) and A. piscico/a Blanchard, 1885. One new species of 1968; Mitenev 1971; Scheubell973; Yunchis, Banina & Jukhi­ the genus Ambiphrya Raabe, 1952 is described, Le. A. menko 1975; Chemyshova 1976; Chemova 1977) on this neobo/ae sp.n. A new genus, Scopu/ata gen.n. is proposed matter have been published, and very little advance has been for species with a broad scopula and compact macronu­ cleus. Two previously described Scyphidia species are made in the field of piscean sessile peritrich taxonomy. The incorporated in this genus, i.e. S. dermata (Viljoen & Van As, majority of the literature on fish-associated sessile peritrichs 1983) comb.n. and S. epibranchia/is (Vlljoen & Van As, 1983) is from a fish disease viewpoint where, in most cases, not even comb.n., as well as a new species, S. constricta sp.n. Com­ specific identifications were made (Meyer 1970; Rogers & pendiums of all the known fish-associated species of these . Coop 1970; Rogers 1971; Migala 1971; Hoffman & Bauer ) genera are provided. 0 1972; Plumb 1973; Hubert & Warner 1975; Miller & Chap­ 1 S. Afr. J. Zool. 1985,20: 79-96 0 man 1976; Esch, Hazen, Dimock & Gibbons 1976; Crites 2 d Sessiele Peritricha (Ciliophora: Peritricha) is versamel vanaf 1977; Rydlo 1977; Hazen, Raker, Esch & Fliermans 1978). e t varswatervisse in dam me, riviere, strome en visdamme in Taxonomic work on piscean sessile peritrichs deals in most a d Transvaal, Suid-Afrika. Nege spesies van die genus Apiosoma cases with European and East European species (Banina 1968; ( r Blanchard, 1885 word beskryf, nl. sewe nuwe spesies; A. Scheube11973; Chemova 1977), in a few cases (Surber 1940, e h cau/ata sp.n., A. curvinuc/eata sp.n, A. micra/esti sp.n., A. 1943; Davis 1947; Thompson, Kirkegard & Jahn 1947) with s i moth/apitsis sp.n., A. ob/iqua sp.n., A. phia/a sp.n. en A. l the North American fauna and some scattered information b viridis sp.n., en twee bekende spesies; A. nasalis (Timofeev, u from other parts of the world, such as New Zealand (Laird P 1962) en A. piscico/a Blanchard, 1885. Een nuwe spesie van e die genus Ambiphrya Raabe, 1952, nl. A. neobo/ae sp.n. word 1953), India (Tripathi 1954) and China (Chen 1956). The only h t beskryf. 'n Nuwe genus, Scopu/ata gen.n. word voorgestel vir taxonomic work on African sessile peritrichs, so far, is that y spesies met 'n bree skopula en kompakte makronukleus. b of Viljoen & van As (1983) and Van As & Viljoen (1984). Twee spesies, vroeer beskryf as Scyphidia spesies word by d In our opinion advances in the field of piscean sessile peri­ e t hierdie genus ingesluit, nl. S. dermata (Viljoen & Van As, trich taxonomy are hampered by a considerable confusion as n 1983) comb.n. en S. epibranchialis (Viljoen & Van As, 1983) a r comb.n. 'n Nuwe spesie S. constricta sp.n. word ook beskryf. to their generic status as well as problems in applying the g modem staining techniques of ciliophorans, i.e. silver impreg­ e Kompendiums van al die bekende vis-geassosieerde c spesies van bogenoemde drie genera word gegee. n nation and protargol staining. These techniques, now consider­ e c S.-Afr. Tydskr. Dierk. 1985,20: 79-96 ed essential in ciliatology have as yet not been successfully i l r applied to piscean sessile peritrichs. The only exception to this e d has been the employment of protargol staining and silver im­ n pregnation in studying Heteropolaria lwoffi; Syn: Epistylis u y lwoffi (Faure-Fremiet, 1943) by Foissner (1983). a w In the course of a comprehensive study of trichodinid e t peritrichs of the fish of South Africa (Basson, Van As & a G Papema 1983), various sessile peritrichs were encountered. Sophi~ t ViJjoen e Present address: Department of Zoology, University of the North, These findings initiated the present study in which a variety n i Private Bag Xll06, Sovenga, fJ727 Republic of South Africa of indigenous as well as introduced flsh species were examined b a from lakes, rivers, streams and flsh-ponds. Among the sessile S van y J.G. As· peritrichs colleqed were representatives of the genus Epistylis, b Research Unit for Fish Biology, Rand Afrikaans University, P.O. i.e. E. transvaalensis Viljoen & Van As, 1983, as well as two d e Box 524, Johannesburg, 2000 Republic of South Africa c species as yet undescribed. In view of the recent publications u d *To whom correspondence should be addressed of Foissner & Shubert (1977) and Foissner (1983) in which o r E. lwoffi was placed within the genus Heteropolaria on the p e Received 18 December 1984; accepted 22 March 1985 basis of its heteropolar swarmer, and his success in using silver R 80 S.-Afr. Tydskr. Dierk. 1985, 20(3) techniques, the description of these two species is not included pic investigation. Systematic descriptions given are based on in the present paper as it requires further investigation. observations of live as well as hematoxylin-stained and silver­ Taxonomic descriptions of sessile peritrichs occurring on impregnated specimens. All measurements are in rnicrometres freshwater fish in Transvaal are presented as well as compen­ and obtained from fixed specimens. Minimum and maximum diums (Tables I, 2 and 3) of all the known fish-associated values are given, followed in parentheses by the arithmetic species of Apiosoma Blanchard, 1885, Ambiphrya Raabe, mean, standard deviation and number of specimens measured. 1952 and a newly proposed genus, Scopulata gen. nov. Body length is measured from scopula to peristornial disc and body diameter at the widest part of the body. Methods Collection localities are indicated in parentheses after each Surveys were carried out at various localities in the province host fish. An explanation of the locality codes is presented of Transvaal of the Republic of South Africa during 1982 in Figure 1. Type specimens of new species described are depo­ and 1983. Fish were collected in open waters of impoundments sited in the fish parasite collection of the Department of by means of gill nets and seining, and between littoral vegeta­ Zoology of the Rand Afrikaans University, Johannesburg. tion and in streams by electrofishing, cast nets and wire gauze Specimen numbers are indicated at the relevant descriptions. scoops. Freshly killed or anaesthetized fish were examined in a field laboratory for the presence of external lesions, and Genus Apiosoma Blanchard, 1885, Syn: Glossatella wet smears prepared from the skin and gills under a com­ Butschli, 1889 pound microscope. Photomicrographs were taken of living Until quite recently some confusion existed concerning the peritrichs observed. The smears were then air dried, or fixed generic status of sessile peritrichs, which have been placed into with either Bouin's or warm fonnalin. These smears were later the genus Apiosoma by Lorn (1966). The first species of this stained with Harris' Hematoxylin or impregnated with silver genus described, Apiosoma tintinnabulum (Kent 1882), was by the method of Klein (1926) and used for further rnicrosco- originally placed in the genus Spirochona (Scheu bel 1973). 28· 3 . c. ri r ) 0 1 0 2 d e t a d ( r e h s i l b u P e h t 26~ y b d e t n a r g e c n e c i l ~J-_-+---t-~~--~--1---t--28° r e d 0 2~ 29 30· 32· n u y a Figure I Map of sampling localities of fish in the Transvaal, South Africa. w e t Limpopo Drainage System Olifants Drainage System a A I - Limpopo River A 7 - Farm Pond Soutpansberg BI - Olifants River-Loskop B7 - Piet Gouws Dam G t A2 - Luphephe-Nwanedzi Dams A8 - Glen Alpine Dam B2 - Loskop Dam B8 - Lola Montes Dam e n i A3 - Nzhelele Dam A9 - Roodeplaat Dam B3 - Olifants River B9 - Mothlapitse River b A4 - Mfongodi River A I 0 - Hartebeespoort Dam B4 - Tompi Seleka Fisheries BIO - Ebenezer .Dam a S A5 - Hudson Ntsanwisi Dam All - Westdene Dam B5 - Lowveld Fisheries BII - Fanie Botha Dam y b A6 - Smiths Drift B6 - Lepellane Dam BI2 - Lydenburg Fisheries d e c Vaal Drainage System Komati Drainage System u d CI - Vaal River C4 - Boskop Dam Dl - Sabie River D2 - Lisbon Estate Prawn o r C2 - Bloemhof Dam C5 - Bovenste Oog - Source of Ponds p e C3 - Barbers Pan Mooi Rivier R S. Afr. 1. Zoo!. 1985,20(3) 81 Biitschli (1889) concluded that this species does not fit the bulum is slightly curved and extends downwards to the groove. characteristics of the genus Spirochona and created a new The macronucleus is compact, with the shape varying from genus.
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