Society for Conservation GIS

17th Annual SCGIS International Conference July 10–12, 2014 Pacific Grove, California Shifting Lines

A Message from the Conference Committee

The world is transforming around us. As Earth’s climate changes, isolines of physical and human geography shift, sometimes unpredictably. Glaciers retreat, reservoirs evaporate, habitats shrink, and climate refugees seek new places to live. Learning to mitigate such harmful change and to adapt to it, we use the best available tools and technology to gather, analyze, report and visualize data relevant to our individual professions, pursuits and interests. Our hard work can effect profound change. We and our allies remove dams, restoring long dormant salmon runs. We breach dikes, bringing life back to previously stagnant estuaries. We restore habitats, increasing biodiversity. We create wilderness and ocean sanctuaries, providing sorely needed refuge. And we develop new ways of providing clean water and distributing aid, creating better living conditions for thousands of people in need. Coming from across scientific disciplines, our Society convenes each year to share information and knowledge in order to gain collective insight and wisdom. Creating professional connections and making deep personal relationships, we foster all of these positive changes—and we have a great time doing it. Thanks for joining us as we discuss, debate, bemoan and celebrate these shifting lines. Welcome to the 17th annual conference of the Society for Conservation GIS!

2014 SCGIS Conference Committee David Asbury, Chair Lori Pelech Rob Rose Table of Contents

4 Conference at a Glance 8 Preconference Training Workshops—Thursday, July 10 10 Opening Session Schedule 12 Session Matrix—Friday, July 11 15 Session Matrix—Saturday, July 12 19 Session Descriptions—Friday, July 11 34 Session Descriptions—Saturday, July 12 50 SCGIS Domestic and International Scholars 51 2014 SCGIS Board of Directors and 2013–2014 Advisory Council 52 SGIS Committees 54 Attendee Listing 61 Notes 62 Acknowledgments

Registration Hours

Scripps, Asilomar Conference Grounds

Thursday, July 10 6:00 pm–8:00 pm

Friday, July 11 8:00 am–8:30 am 10:30 am–11:00 am 3:30 pm–4:00 pm

Saturday, July 12 8:00 am–8:30 am 10:30 am–11:00 am

3 Conference at a Glance

Thursday, July 10

9:00 am–5:00 pm Preconference Training Workshop 1: Working with Geodatabases and Geodatabase Topology Kiln

Preconference Training Workshop 2: Using CartoDB to Map, Analyze, and Share Scientific Data Oak Shelter

1:00 pm–6:00 pm Field Trip: Monterey Bay Aquarium Meet on Terrace of Phoebe A. Hearst Social Hall

Field Trip: Outrigger Canoe Trip—Tentative Meet at Del Monte Beach

6:00 pm–7:00 pm Dinner Crocker Dining Hall

6:00 pm–8:00 pm Registration and Welcome Reception Scripps

8:00 pm–10:00 pm Movie Night Featuring DamNation Chapel

DamNation—A film by Patagonia and Stoecker Ecological This powerful film odyssey across America explores the sea change in our national attitude from pride in big dams as engineering wonders to the growing awareness that our own future is bound to the life and health of our rivers. Dam removal has moved beyond the fictional Monkey Wrench Gang to go mainstream. Where obsolete dams come down, rivers bound back to life, giving salmon and other wild fish the right of return to primeval spawning grounds, after decades without access. DamNation’s majestic cinematography and unexpected discoveries move through rivers and landscapes altered by dams, but also through a metamorphosis in values, from conquest of the natural world to knowing ourselves as part of nature. See the trailer: http://damnationfilm.com/trailer

Map Gallery Opening and Reception Map products, posters, and multimedia map projects illustrating the achievements of the user community will be on display at the popular Map Gallery. Several special exhibits will include displays of unique and innovative uses of GIS from around the world. The Map Gallery opens with a reception on Friday evening and will remain on display throughout the conference.

4 Friday, July 11

7:30 am–9:00 am Breakfast Crocker Dining Hall

8:45 am–10:30 am Opening Session Chapel

10:30 am–11:00 am Refreshment Break Scripps

11:00 am–12:30 pm Paper Sessions Chapel, Acacia, Toyon, and Heather

12:30 pm–1:30 pm Lunch Crocker Dining Hall

1:30 pm–2:00 pm Break

2:00 pm–3:30 pm Paper Sessions Chapel, Acacia, and Toyon

Technical Workshop Heather

3:30 pm–4:00 pm Refreshment Break Scripps

4:00 pm–5:30 pm Paper Sessions Chapel, Acacia, and Toyon

Technical Workshop Heather

5:30 pm– 6:00 pm Break

6:00 pm–7:00 pm Dinner Crocker Dining Hall

7:00 pm–10:00 pm Map Gallery Opening and Reception Chapel

5 Conference at a Glance

Saturday, July 12

7:30 am–9:00 am Breakfast Crocker Dining Hall

9:00 am–10:30 am Paper Sessions Chapel, Acacia, and Toyon

Technical Workshop Heather

10:30 am–11:00 am Refreshment Break Scripps

11:00 am–noon Paper Sessions Chapel, Acacia, and Toyon

Technical Workshop Heather

noon–2:00 pm Lunch and Membership Meeting Crocker Dining Hall

2:00 pm–3:30 pm Paper Sessions Chapel, Acacia, Toyon, and Heather

3:30 pm–4:00 pm Refreshment Break Scripps

4:00 pm–5:30 pm Paper Sessions Chapel, Acacia, and Toyon

Technical Workshop Heather

5:30 pm–6:00 pm Break

6:00 pm–7:00 pm Dinner Crocker Dining Hall

7:00 pm–10:00 pm Auction and Wine Reception Chapel

6 Sunday, July 13

7:30 am–9:00 am Breakfast Crocker Dining Hall

10:00 am–11:30 am SpeedGeeking and Closing Session Chapel

noon Box Lunch Pickup Crocker Dining Hall

SpeedGeeking and Closing Session New for this year, we’re adding a SpeedGeeking session in Chapel on Sunday morning. SpeedGeeking is a great way for you to quickly catch some of those great talks you weren’t able to fit into your schedule and to do some last-minute networking. The annual membership meeting is being moved to be held over lunch in the Crocker Dining Hall on Saturday from 12:30 pm to 2:00 pm. Please arrive early and get lunch so we can discuss everything we’ve been up to last year, and look forward to the next!

Auction and Wine Reception You are invited to an evening reception to celebrate our international scholars and the SCGIS community. Get ready to dress up, celebrate our global heritages, and raise some money to support conservationists from around the world! There will be a silent and live auction to share treasures and artwork from around the globe. Please bring an item from your culture, community, or country and prepare to bid on some wonderful and exotic trinkets. All donations are appreciated and cherished; no item is too big or too small. Items for the auction can be delivered to Chapel after breakfast on Saturday and during breaks before the reception. Before dropping off your item, please fill out a description form, available on the SCGIS website and at the registration desk. Share your work, your history, or your passion with other conservation colleagues. All funds raised will be used to support training and to provide travel assistance to fellow conservationists from around the globe through the SCGIS International and Domestic Scholarship Program.

7 Preconference Training Workshops Thursday, July 10

Workshop 1: Working with Geodatabases and Geodatabase Topology Room: Kiln Presenter(s): John Schaeffer, Juniper GIS ArcGIS for Desktop (Basic, Standard or Advanced) required. If you don’t have a copy, software will be available before the workshop. Please indicate on your registration if you’ll need one. This course introduces users to the Geodatabase, a data format that provides enhanced tools for data creation, data modelling, and data validation. Participants will learn how to design, create and manage Geodatabases, especially topology. The class concentrates on the Geodatabase structure and tools, including topology, subtypes and domains, for creating and editing data while maintaining data integrity. The course will work with data from the Florida Panther Refuge, and your task will be to create a Geodatabase to manage data for their burn plans. You will start by combining data from a variety of sources, then use Geodatabase tools to better organize the data. Then you will learn how to use Subtypes and Domains to better manage the attribute side of your data, and then how to create and edit Geodatabase Topology to clean roads, burn units, and boundary data. During this workshop, you will learn Geodatabase concepts and basics: converting data to the Geodatabase format, understanding Spatial References for the Geodatabase, validating attributes with Domains/Subtypes, validating features with Topology, and editing with the Geodatabase.

8 Workshop 2: Using CartoDB to Map, Analyze and Share Scientific Data Room: Oak Shelter Presenter(s): Andrew Hill, Vizzuality CartoDB is a powerful web platform that makes publishing online maps easy. It combines PostgreSQL, PostGIS, and an open-source technology stack to give you a dashboard for creating beautiful and insightful maps from your data. While the tool gives you access to powerful GIS tools, making your first maps is as simple as drag & drop. This course will teach you how to start mapping your data and publishing those maps online. The course will introduce you to the basics of CartoDB, including file import, visualizing data, applying custom styles to geographic data, merging multiple datasets and sharing maps with collaborators or with the world. We will also start to look at some of the basic GIS tools, including clustering, intersecting, and distance calculations and combining them with live visualizations. The tool is entirely in the browser, so taking part requires nothing more than a laptop.

9 Opening Session Schedule Friday, July 11 | Chapel

8:45 am–8:55 am Introduction and Thanks David Asbury, Lori Pelech, and Robert Rose Conference Committee

8:55 am–9:20 am Introduction of 2014 International Scholars Sasha Yumakaev Esri Conservation Program Coordinator

9:20 am–9:30 am Welcome Eric Sandoval SCGIS President

9:30 am–10:25 am Keynote Presentation Sustaining Our Ecological Infrastructure in a Changing World Andrew J. Gunther, PhD

10:25 am–10:30 am Announcements and Closing David Asbury, Lori Pelech, and Robert Rose Conference Committee

10 Keynote Presenter

Andrew J. Gunther, Ph.D. Dr. Gunther received his Ph.D. from the University of California at Berkeley in 1987 and has worked at the intersection of environmental science and policy since 1979. He is currently serving as the Executive Coordinator of the Bay Area Ecosystems Climate Change Consortium under contract to the California State Coastal Conservancy. He has worked on developing ecological indicators for the Bay Area since 2001, and he was the project leader for the State of San Francisco Bay 2011 for the San Francisco Estuary Partnership. Dr. Gunther previously served (1991–2001) as the Assistant Chief Scientist for the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Restoration Program, where he helped coordinate the development of the restoration science program. Dr. Gunther was also the original manager (1993–1997) of the Regional Monitoring Program for Toxic Contaminants in the San Francisco Estuary and is a member of the Board of Directors of the Union of Concerned Scientists.

11 Session Matrix Friday, July 11

8:45 am–10:30 am Opening Session Chapel

10:30 am–11:00 am Break Scripps

11:00 am–12:30 pm Chapel Acacia Toyon Heather

Community Marine Reserves Invasive Animals Conservation Reserve Mapping and Public and Ecosystems Design Participation GIS

Counter-Mapping and The Value of Habitat A GIS Driven Approach to The Northern Tanzania Conservation: Challenges Diversity in Marine Reserves: Wetland Conservation by Rangelands Initiative* and Opportunities in the Spiny Lobster Use of the Nutria Eradication Peace River Break++ Intertidal Zone at the Santa Catalina Island MPA++

Local Knowledge Meets Godzilla and the Potential Preventing Island Measuring Conservation GIS in Assessing the of “Ridge-to-Reef” Extinctions: Knowledge Efforts: Developing a Natural Resources for Conservation Products in Support Monitoring Program for Nicaraguan Coffee- of Invasive Vertebrate Tosonkhulstai Nature Growing Cooperatives Removal from Islands Reserve*

Conservation of Fragmented The Admiralty Sound: An Using ArcPad to Collect Ecological Corridors Forests Surrounding Opportunity to Integrate and Interpret Data for as Strategy for Forest Ranomafana National Terrestrial and Marine Invasive Vertebrate Ecosystems Conservation Park, Madagascar, Using Conservation Efforts* Eradications of the Caparo Forest Participatory Ecological Reserve, Barinas State, Monitoring and GIS as a Tool Venezuela* for Biodiversity and Habitat Monitoring*

GIS for the Assessment Modeling the Effects of of Quality of Ramsar Sites Sedimentation on Marine at the Azov-Black Sea of Protected Areas in Yap, Ukraine* Micronesia++

12:30 pm–2:00 pm Lunch Woodlands

* Scholar Presentation ++ Indicates a Student Competition Presentation

12 2:00 pm–3:30 pm Chapel Acacia Toyon Heather

Conserving Cultural Marine Indicators Invasive Plants Technical Workshop and Community Values and Pollution with GIS

Mapping the Unseen and Predictive Mapping of Improving Invasive Species Creating Map Books with Unheard—An Interactive Water Quality Bacterial Management Using Data Driven Pages View of My Iwi (Tribe) Indicators in Newport Cloud-Based Field Data Using GIS* Bay++ Collection and Enhanced Workflows

Nga Hau E Wha o What’s Upstream? GIS’s A Decade of Difference Papararangi Community Critical Role in Developing (2000–2013): Pitch Canker Site Nutrient Reference Infestation in Asilomar Conditions for Estuaries Forest, Pacific Grove, CA

Searching for the Lost GIS Analysis on Projection of Native Temple of Auzancata: A Representation of the PA and Invasive Species Geospatial Game Plan for Network in the Barents Distribution Under a Multidisciplinary Research Euro-Arctic Region* Changing Climate in the in the High Andes Southeastern United States++

Building GIS Capacity* Mapping Invasive Prosopis juliflora in Afar, Ethiopia, Using Participatory GIS Approaches

3:30 pm–4:00 pm Break Scripps

13 Session Matrix Friday, July 11 (continued)

4:00 pm–5:30 pm Chapel Acacia Toyon Heather

Public Platforms for Species Movement Plant Conservation and Technical Workshop Science and GIS and Modeling Biogeography

Making Connections Modeling the Relationship A Phylogenetic Habitat Analysis for with Twitter Between Post-Nesting Regionalization of the Overwintering Monarch Northwest Pacific Green Phytogeographic Zones of Butterflies: Microclimate Turtle Movement Patterns Southern Africa++ Meets GIS and Environmental Conditions++

Geek Speak—Case Studies Whale mAPP: Engaging Capturing Remnant Woody in Translating Complex Citizen Scientists to Vegetation on the Valley Spatial Data into Powerful Contribute and Map Floor of Yolo County++ Key Messages for General Marine Mammal Sightings Audiences

DOC NZ’s Vision Change: Mapping Important Areas Rapidly Identifying Plants at Implications for an for Seabirds: How to Draw Risk: Streamlined Methods Enterprise Environment the Boundary Line to Address Target Two of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation

Using Webmaps as a Identifying Important Bird Potential Areas for Communication Tool for Areas for Waterfowl in Plants Conservation in Environmental Compliance Terrestrial and Coastal Alaska Madagascar* Using Aerial Survey Data

6:00 pm–7:00 pm Dinner Crocker Dining Hall

7:00 pm–9:00 pm Map Gallery and Wine Reception Chapel

* Scholar Presentation ++ Indicates a Student Competition Presentation

14 Session Matrix Saturday, July 12

9:00 am–10:30 am Chapel Acacia Toyon Heather

Restoration and Primate Conservation Forests and Fire I Technical Workshop Habitat Management

A National Map of Spatial Analysis of Estimating Tree Mortality Introduction to Marxan.net Restoration Priorities Anthropogenic Impacts on Following Wildfire Using Gorilla Migratory Pathways Digital Aerial Photography in Okwangwo, CRNP, and LiDAR++ Nigeria++

Keeping Track of Mining Integrative Population Land Cover Change: Activity in Ontario’s Viability Analysis of the The Nexus of Forestry, Northern Boreal Koala (Phascolarctos the Carbon Cycle and cinereus): A Economics Metapopulation Approach Linking Demographic Data with Landscape Processes++

Using Technology to Improve Great Ape Population Addressing the Cumulative Restoration Efficiency in Analysis across Western Effects of Development in Southern Nevada Equatorial Africa Ontario’s Northern Boreal Region, Canada

A Novel Approach to Pitheciid Primates in The Meteorological Risk Mapping and Quantifying Fragmented Habitats: of Fire in Slovenia from Age Classes of Forest Land Cover Change the Canadian Forest Fire Habitat to Support Avian and Its Implications for Weather Index System* Habitat Management in the Conservation Upper Great Lakes

10:30 am–11:00 am Break Scripps

15 Session Matrix Saturday, July 12 (continued)

11:00 am–noon Chapel Acacia Toyon Heather

Land Use/Land Cover Avian Conservation Forests and Fire II Technical Workshop

Urban Sprawl: Land Use Roosting Preference of Using GIS and LANDFIRE Introduction to ArcGIS Pro Threats and Protected Reintroduced Whooping to Assess Large-Scale Fire Areas: A Scenario-Based, Cranes in Wisconsin Needs Landscape Level Approach

Land Use Change Due to Working Power Line Assessing Potential Climate Pavement of the 10th Road Rights of Way to Enhance Change Impacts on in the Mbaracayu Forest Habitat for Declining Early Private Forestland in the Biosphere Reserve* Successional Bird Species Conterminous United States

Estimating Land Cover Effects of Anthropogenic, The Fire Risk/Hazard Change in Usulután, El Ecological, and Hydrological Reduction and Salvador, from 1975–2013 Variables on Eurasian Conservation Benefits of Using Landsat Imagery++ Spoonbill (Platalea leucoro- Patch Mosaic vs. Fuels dia) Wintering Habitat within Reduction Burning Poyang Lake, China++

noon–2:00 pm Lunch and Membership Meeting Crocker Dining Hall

* Scholar Presentation ++ Indicates a Student Competition Presentation

16 2:00 pm–3:30 pm Chapel Acacia Toyon Heather

Conservation Methods Mammal Conservation I Watersheds and Energy, Pollution, and Apps I Water Use and Economics

Good Practices in the Use Identification of Using GIS as the Backbone Using GIS to Inform of Marxan for Systematic Conservation Needs of of the World’s Largest a Renewable Energy Spatial Conservation Javan Leopard (Panthera Water Conservation Streamlining Program for Planning pardus melas)* Rebate Program San Luis Obispo County

Applying ModelBulider The Distribution Pattern of Southern Nevada Water Supporting Offshore for Multi-Species Habitat Mammals of Murchison Falls Authority’s Rates of Golf Energy Planning with Assessment under National Park, Uganda* Play Study MarineCadastre.gov Modeled Conservation Scenarios in Upper Michigan

The SMART Toolbox for Habitat Selection of the Conservation Status of Four Analyzing Employment Anti-Poaching First Reintroduced Giant Watersheds of the Eastern Alternatives to the Anteaters (Myrmecophaga Area of Margarita Island* Keystone XL Pipeline tridactyla) Population at the Iberá Natural Reserve, Northeastern Argentina*

Trials and Tribulations Shrub Encroachment and RIOS: Spatial Watershed FracTracker Alliance: of Utilizing Drone (UAV) Flooding Patterns Influence Service Modeling to Help Mapping Human and Technology in Ecological Herbivore Seasonal Optimize Water Fund Environmental Health Monitoring Movement and Food Investments Impacts of the Oil and Supply on the Kafue Flats Gas Industry Wetlands, Zambia*

3:30 pm–4:00 pm Break Scripps

17 Session Matrix Saturday, July 12 (continued)

4:00 pm–5:30 pm Chapel Acacia Toyon Heather

Conservation Methods Mammal Conservation II River Conservation Technical Workshop and Apps II

Spatial Science for Relative Importance of National Wild and Scenic Understanding Projections Applying the Mitigation Landscape Parameters Rivers Database for ArcGIS Hierarchy in Determining African Elephants (Loxodonta africana) Directional Movement Decisions++

A Biodiversity Indicators Decline and Developing Online Dashboard: Addressing Consequences—The Loss Geocollaborative Tools Monitoring Challenges to of Forest Elephants in to Support Springs and Aichi Biodiversity Targets Central Africa Springs-Dependent Species Management

Is It Worth It? Developing North American Porcupine Riverscape Survey of the a Decision Support Tool (Erethizon dorsatum) Chehalis River, WA to Inform Restoration Habitat Suitability at Decisions Multiple Scales++

Spatial Patterns in Greater Effect of Primary Basin (Holistic) Approach Sage-grouse Exposure to Productivity on Guanaco to the Analysis of Geo- Recent Climate Change (Lama guanicoe) ecological Problems of Distribution and Abundance Amur River* in Northern Patagonia, Argentina*

6:00 pm–7:00 pm Dinner Crocker Dining Hal

7:00 pm–10:00 pm Auction and Reception Chapel

* Scholar Presentation ++ Indicates a Student Competition Presentation

18 Session Descriptions Friday, July 11

11:00 am–12:30 pm been subject to deforestation, biodiversity loss, and water contamination. Because of its geographical location and its Paper Session political and ecological history, Nicaragua is a hot spot for climate change related risks and hazards, exacerbating threats Community Mapping and Public to food insecurity. The work presented here investigates Participation GIS whether smallholders affiliated with cooperatives with more common property natural resources will have shorter peri- Room: Chapel ods of seasonal hunger and be more resilient to market and climatic shocks. We use a participatory process to estimate the Counter-Mapping and Conservation: Challenges and availability of natural resources and understand management Opportunities in the Peace River Break ++ strategies that includes local knowledge and drawing of maps, Presenter(s): Tim Burkhart, University of Northern joint (farmer—researcher) GPS-based data collection, surveys, British Columbia and publicly available data sets (i.e., DEMs, forest cover). Geographic Information System (GIS) technology provides a powerful tool for articulating visions of protected space and Conservation of Fragmented Forests Surrounding for equipping social movements with representative, visual Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar Using productions of their goals but can also marginalize com- Participatory Ecological Monitoring and GIS as a munities and individuals who do not have the expertise or Tool for Biodiversity and Habitat Monitoring resources GIS demands. Counter-Mapping seeks to empower Presenter(s): Pascal Nalimanana Rabeson (Scholar), Centre ValBio/ communities to overturn the power dynamics of mapping Institute for Conservation of Tropical Environments by sharing a visual representation of space in a way that is Local people are usually not considered as stakeholders of accessible to the public and that presents utility to commu- their surrounding environment, including the biodiversity nity conservation goals. I am building a community-driven, and forest habitat. Participatory Ecological Monitoring is web-accessible spatial mapping “hub” for the Peace River becoming a more common approach used internationally Break region of BC. Through the design of this tool, I will be to involve local people to be active and responsible for their examining what opportunities and challenges GIS technology environment. This project aims to engage villagers surround- presents for conservation movements in empowering local ing Ranomafana National Park (RNP), located in southeast- communities to take a lead in decision making over protecting ern Madagascar, in conservation and management of their their landscapes, in generating public engagement with con- own natural resources through the principle of participatory servation practices and efforts, and in challenging the limits of ecological monitoring using Geographic Information System conservation to the fixed protected area. Through semi-struc- (GIS) to monitor the biodiversity and its habitat. Ten villages tured interviews with representatives of conservation organiza- surrounding RNP will be targeted to monitor the biodiversity tions, First Nations, and individuals involved in stewardship of of the fauna (lemurs, birds, and snakes), flora (specific trees), the land, I will be examining how a GIS-facilitated conservation and the existing pressures in the forest. Three transects will strategy can embrace a more reflexive epistemology that be used for observations using the existing trails in the forest. addresses and integrates multiple voices, views and under- Observations will be conducted once a month for four days in standing of local conservation desires in the context of larger, each village. Villagers will be trained on survey methods, data regional conservation visions such as Yellowstone to Yukon. collection, use of GPS and cameras to conduct the transect observations. All transects from the forests belonging to each Local Knowledge Meets GIS in Assessing the village will be mapped using GIS software. Data recorded on Natural Resources for Nicaraguan Coffee-Growing observations of biodiversity and pressures will be analyzed Cooperatives based on specific indicators (categorical presence/absence by Presenter(s): Iris Stewart-Frey, Santa Clara University taxonomy or type of disturbance). The goal is to have the local In Nicaragua, more than 50% of the rural residents live on the community trained on-site to be confident in conducting tran- equivalent of less than $2/day; most of them are dependent sect observations via both behavioral observation and GPS on rain fed agriculture and local ecosystems, which have tracking. Data analyzed from the surveys will then be used as a

19 Session Descriptions Friday, July 11 (continued)

monitoring and management tool. Establishing the standard- Liman that requires searching of practical restoration decisions. ized methods for biodiversity monitoring adapted for com- Basing on a 3D model, built with ArcGIS tools, there have been munity participation will be applicable for future use in other predicted changes in the liman in case of its further shrinkage regions in Madagascar. This project has important conserva- or in case of restoration of its former hydrological regime. tion significance by providing training and motivation for local populations to have a sustainable monitoring and patrolling 11:00 am–12:30 pm system for biodiversity conservation. In addition, a manual for monitoring and patrolling in other regions of Madagascar will be written for further use in other regions and also be instru- Paper Session mental in our work toward adding these newly monitored sites as protected areas in Madagascar. Marine Reserves and Ecosystems Room: Acacia GIS for the Assessment of Quality of Ramsar Sites at the Azov-Black Sea of Ukraine The Value of Habitat Diversity in Marine Reserves: Presenter(s): Svetlana Vinokurova (Scholar), Azov-Black Sea Spiny Lobster Use of the Intertidal Zone at the Santa Ornithological Station Catalina Island MPA ++ Wetlands are unique ecosystems that shelter almost 2/3 the Presenter(s): Sean Windell, CSUMB species of global flora and fauna. At the same time, birds are Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are a relatively new approach one of main criterion for the wetlands importance, according to managing exploited marine species. However, in order for to the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, MPAs to be effective, a diversity of habitats that incorporate especially as Waterfowl Habitat. all necessary ecosystem services for targeted species must be In the framework of a special programme within the Azov- included in their design. The Southern California spiny lobster Black Sea coast of Ukraine and partly Russia, there are (Panulirus interruptus) is an exploited species for which MPAs provided synchronized bird counts. Each count covers the have been designed. Previous work suggests this species territory from 700,000 to 1 mln ha, and over 2 mln individual forages within the intertidal zone at high tide; however, the waterbirds are recorded. These counts are carried out every relative importance of this habitat in the early design of MPAs two to three years, and at the moment 4 of them have been was not considered. As part of a study to test the efficacy of realized: in 2004, 2006, 2009 and 2012. a long-standing MPA on Catalina Island, California, snorkel and scuba surveys recording abundance, size, and gender GIS analysis of data of synchronized counts within large region were conducted along transects within the MPA and outside allows to estimate the condition of Ramsar wetlands as bird at high tide. Intertidal habitat composition was also assessed habitats, estimate the capacity of these sites, determine the at low tide using GIS to create photographic transects stability of their usage by the waterbirds migrating along Afro- based off spatial reference points, which were then classified Eurasian Flyways, analyze ongoing changes in the number of manually. It was hypothesized that spiny lobster demograph- breeding birds and their post-breeding distribution, identify ics were greater in the MPA. It was also hypothesized that the most important stopovers, determine the network of the demographic patterns were higher in the intertidal zone key areas for conservation of rare bird species. relative to the subtidal at high tide. Results suggest current A Ramsar site of the South Ukraine was used for a case study demographic parameters are higher outside the reserve due (Molochnyi Liman, Zaporizhzhia Region). Using the remote to more suitable intertidal habitat for foraging. These results sensing data, it was analyzed that one of the causes that had provide insight on how MPAs should require ecosystem- induced deterioration of the liman’s ecological characteristics: based management that incorporates fine-scale habitat types changes in its hydrological regime, rapid shrinkage of the area, utilized throughout the lifetime of managed species. and as a consequence, spatial redistribution of some ecological groups of birds as well as changes in bird abundance. Such changes impair sustainability of Ramsar’s criteria of Molochnyi

20 Godzilla and the Potential of “Ridge to Reef” Modeling the Effects of Sedimentation on Marine Conservation Protected Areas in Yap, Micronesia ++ Presenter(s): Danielle LaBruna, WCS Presenter(s): Megan Klein, University of Redlands The distinction between “marine” and “terrestrial” protected Some of the locals on Yap Island in the Federated States of areas can be maladaptive when it comes to wildlife and Micronesia have proposed the construction of a golf resort natural resource conservation. Recent conservation efforts in the Dalipebinaw municipality on the western side of Yap referred to as “Ridge to Reef” or “Land to Sea” initiatives Proper. Just off the coast of Dalipebinaw is approximately seek to dissolve that line and are gaining traction. The main 3 miles of a productive aquatic ecosystem that is a locally- concept of such initiatives is that marine ecology is better managed marine protected area. The purpose of this project, protected when the land upstream is protected as well, with which was pitched by Dr. Reed Perkins of Queens University the effect of mitigating water pollution and sedimenta- of Charlotte, is to model the effects this golf resort would tion in the downstream marine ecosystem. As the IUCN have on the health and vitality of the surrounding coral reefs. (International Union for Conservation of Nature) puts it: “Well The proposed site is comprised of relatively erodible soil, and managed coastal and estuarine ecosystems support liveli- without adequate planning and management could contrib- hoods, income from fisheries and tourism. Wetland and ute to the sedimentation and erosion of the surrounding MPA. marine environments (including coral reefs) are less vulner- In order to minimize such adverse effects, I will use empirical able to damage when rivers are kept healthy. Solutions to models in conjunction with GIS to model and quantify how water pollution are found in coordinating the use and man- much damage may occur in the event that the golf resort is agement of land and water from source to sea.” We examined built. The Yap government is aware of the benefits conferred the global potential for Ridge to Reef conservation, that is, by the implementation of a GIS and its ability to minimize the future marine protected areas (MPAs) that would be linked negative interactions between the natural environment and to existing protected uplands. We used the World Database the people by whom it is inhabited. The results of this project of Protected Areas (WDPA) to identify existing near-shore will advise them on how to develop land mindfully such that protected areas (1 mile inland of shore), then examined the the marine life will not be forfeited. offshore marine territory for existing MPAs within 12 nautical miles of the coastline. If none existed, that marine territory am pm was identified as a potential MPA with Ridge to Reef connec- 11:00 –12:30 tivity. Despite technical problems with the massive size of a global coastline dataset containing Godzilla features (features Paper Session with upwards of 1 million vertices), we conclude that there is great potential for Ridge to Reef conservation worldwide, not Invasive Animals only in large coastal countries such as the U.S. and Canada, Room: Toyon but also Chile, Brazil and Indonesia. A GIS Driven Approach to Wetland Conservation by The Admiralty Sound: An Opportunity to Integrate Nutria Eradication Terrestrial and Marine Conservation Efforts Presenter(s): Bryson Webber, USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services Presenter(s): Alejandro Rubén Vila (Scholar), Wildlife In 2002 the Chesapeake Bay Nutria Eradication Program Conservation Society (CBNEP) was initiated with the goal to eradicate nutria In this paper we present the participative process to promote (Myocaster coypus) from the Delmarva Peninsula (Eastern a Marine Protected Area in Tierra del Fuego, Patagonia, Chile, Shore of Maryland, Delaware, and Eastern Shore of Virginia). as well as a preliminary zoning to minimize conflicts between Since the introduction of nutria in the 1940s they have existing human uses and conservation. greatly contributed to the loss of wetland habitat. Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge has lost approximately 50 percent of its emergent marshes (5,000 acres) through conversion to

21 Session Descriptions Friday, July 11 (continued)

shallow open water habitats since the introduction of nutria. Using ArcPad to Collect and Interpret Data for Through the collaboration of federal and state agencies, Invasive Vertebrate Eradications non-governmental organizations, and private landowners Presenter(s): David Will, Island Conservation nutria driven marsh loss has been halted. Nutria eradication Islands are at the epicenter of the current extinction crisis, is expected to be completed by the spring of 2017. This effort with invasive species being one of the primary extinction driv- was originally implemented with the use of recreational grade ers. The eradication of invasive alien species is often feasible GPSs and paper data sheets, resulting in lost time and data on islands and is a powerful conservation tool. We developed entry errors. In 2012 CBNEP adopted a digital data collection digital data collection systems on more than six projects system using mobile field mapping computers and creating a using Esri’s ArcPad software and Microsoft SQL Server unique workflow using GIS to aid in informed decision making Express geodatabases to offer insight into a campaign’s and increased productivity. progress and inform management decisions. These systems allowed project staff to navigate to and collect informa- Preventing Island Extinctions: Knowledge Products in Support of Invasive Vertebrate Removal from Islands tion about trap or bait station sites as related check events; record target animal sign; and log staff activity. Managers Presenter(s): David Will, Island Conservation reviewed this data to inform daily resource deployment deci- Although islands make up less than 5% of the earth’s land sions. During a feral cat eradication in the California Channel area, 80% of known species extinctions have taken place Islands, we integrated our database with a remote trap moni- on islands; and 40% of IUCN Critically Endangered species toring system to display real-time information about capture currently inhabit them. Invasive Alien Vertebrates have been events to reduce impacts to the endangered San Nicolas a primary cause of insular extinctions and are recognized as Island Fox. On other projects, we leveraged the ArcGIS Time a key risk to today’s threatened species. There have been Slider to view bait uptake from bait stations over time and over 1100 successful eradications of invasive vertebrates from Microsoft Excel to plot cumulative bait totals. Finally, because islands worldwide, and these represent effective conserva- data were collected with strict integrity, we were able to ana- tion interventions to prevent extinctions and protect bio- lyze our data with quantitative Bayesian models to determine diversity. Using the UNEP-WCMC Global Island Database the probability that eradication had been achieved within a (GID), which uniquely identifies 180,000 of the world’s islands, predetermined level of risk. Despite its steep learning curve, we created two key database tools, available in English and ArcPad has been a very effective data collection tool, particu- Spanish, to aid planning and development of these con- larly in remote work environments with limited connectivity. servation actions: the Threatened Island Biodiversity (TIB) database, and the Database of Islands and Invasive Species Eradications (DIISE). These databases were created as a col- 11:00 am–12:30 pm laboration between academic and industry partners including BirdLife, IISG, UC Santa Cruz, and the University of Auckland. Paper Session The TIB database identifies almost 1500 islands where 1100 IUCN threatened species are at risk from invasive vertebrates Conservation Reserve Design and highlights where eradications can be employed on a Room: Heather global scale to prevent extinctions. The DIISE records the target species, method, and outcome from invasive vertebrate The Northern Tanzania Rangelands Initiative eradications on almost 1000 islands worldwide, providing Presenter(s): Alphonce Blass Mallya (Scholar), The invasive species practitioners the opportunity to learn from Nature Conservancy global eradication experience. Comprising roughly eight million acres, the northern rangelands cover the heart of Tanzania’s Great Rift Valley. These savannah rangelands are ecologically significant to migratory wildlife and are home to some of Africa’s most recognized land-

22 scapes—Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Serengeti, Tarangire mine carnivore distribution and abundance such as use scent and the Simanjiro Plains. With pastoralism as the dominant form stations with or without attractants to record tracks and other of land use and central to the regional economy, the range- sign of individual animals. lands are also critical to supporting the livelihoods of resident Plaster scent disks were prepared (approximately 2 cm thick pastoralists as well as small groups of hunter-gatherers such as and 5 cm in diameter) and soaked in a solution of rotten egg the Hadzabe and Akie. and fish (100 raw eggs and 5 kg of boneless raw fish were However, increased pressure from population growth, compet- placed in plastic air-tight containers and left in the sun for ing land use interests and resource limitations threaten the approximately one month) were placed in the center of each ecological integrity of the rangelands, and in turn, the benefits station (Image 3). We elevated the scent disk using either a they provide to local communities and the national economy. small stone or horse scat to deter burying beetles from con- Thus hunter-gatherer, pastoralist, tourism development and suming the bait; however, this had little effect. At each site, nature conservation interests share common challenges across we created two track stations separated by 100 meters, one this landscape arising from growing natural resource pressures. with and one without a moistening agent (unscented mineral oil). In 2011, a number of development, social enterprise and conser- Track station results of a total of 52 pre-determined scent sta- vation groups joined together to explore strategies for address- tion locations, 45 were successfully monitored as close to a 24 ing these challenges and threats. The result was the beginning hour period as possible (mean = 19.6 hours). Of the stations of the Northern Tanzania Rangelands Initiative (NTRI), which that we did not record data from, two were within 200 meters is a collaborative effort to achieve sustainable, local land use of a household and the main UB-Choibalsan road and we practices in order to safeguard the functioning of key ecosys- elected to not put out a scent disc and 5 of the stations were tems of northern Tanzania. The initiative seeks to achieve this created but washed out by heavy rain (4 on 3 separate occa- by enhancing the integration of pastoralist and hunter-gatherer sions). Tracks from at least four species (Mustela eversmanni, livelihood systems with the maintenance of key biodiversity and Mesichinus dauuricus, Vulpes vulpes, and Vulpes corsac) were ecosystem services. The founding group includes The Nature identified while incidental tracks were recorded from com- Conservancy, Maliasili Initiatives, Wildlife Conservation Society mon raven (Corvus corax), a gull (Larus sp.), and a Mongolian and Dorobo Fund. NTRI aims to strengthen coordination, com- gazelle (Procapra gutturosa). Due to windy and dry conditions, munication, information sharing and field-level collaboration track impressions were not as well defined as desired. This amongst development, conservation, tourism and health care resulted in a number of impressions by corsac and red foxes organisations in order to achieve whole system conservation. indistinguishable and subsequently pooled as the detection Member organisations complement each other, have a shared of fox. vision of success in the northern rangelands, share information In total 24% (11 of 45) of untreated track stations had medium (successes and failures), develop new interventions, raise funds, sized mammal sign while mineral oil treated stations had and increase awareness. sign present at 31% (14 of 45). Sign attributed to ‘Vulpes’ was present at 22% of treated stations (10 of 45 stations) and 16% Measuring Conservation Efforts: Developing a of untreated stations (7 of 45), indicating that the presence Monitoring Program for Tosonkhulstai Nature of mineral oil was not likely deterring animals from investi- Reserve gating the scented tablet. Only 3 sites had both treated and Presenter(s): Tuguldur Enkhtsetseg (Scholar), The Nature Conservancy untreated stations visited by what we identified as either a I will present a measuring of conservation efforts to the red or corsac fox. Fox might not be interested in visiting a protected area of Eastern Mongolia. We implemented second station after discovering that the scent is not associ- Conservation action planning on the reserve and one of the ated with a food source and no longer worthy of investigating. target species is medium sized carnivores. Medium and small Steppe polecat was detected at 3 of 45 untreated stations carnivores are inherently elusive, making direct observational (07%) and at 4 of 45 (09%) at treated stations. Hedgehogs survey methods a near impossible task. As a result a variety visited 2 of 45 dry sites and none of the treated sites. No wolf of indirect methods have been developed to better deter- sign was detected.

23 Session Descriptions Friday, July 11 (continued)

Ecological Corridors as Strategy for Forest land under an Nga Whenua Rahui Kawenata (conservation Ecosystems Conservation of the Caparo Forest covenant) for the purpose of enhancing native flora and fauna, Reserve, Barinas State, Venezuela invasive species eradication/control, water quality and the Presenter(s): Alejandra Betancourt Rial (Scholar), Eulogio Chacón- restoration of traditional medicines and resources. Moreno, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Sciences (ICAE) My tribal bloodlines connect me directly to these lands Deforestation is causing a transformation of the landscape, and fuel my passion for all conservation work both as an leading to ecosystem degradation and fragmentation, with the employee of NWR and as a tribal member. consequent loss of biodiversity. The semi-deciduous forests We currently use GIS in its traditional methods of decision mak- in the country are critically endangered and threatened due ing, boundaries, land use and mapping Maori traditional sites of to human intervention including plant and animal species significance (waahi tapu) to the local Ngati Tukorehe tribe. that inhabit these forests. A conservation proposal for forest My aim is to produce an interactive view of my IWI (Tribe) ecosystems is presented in this paper, mainly focused on the for the tribe to use for learning, querying and adding data semi-deciduous forests of the Caparo Forest Reserve, estab- through a tiered Login system to be made available to all lishing preliminary ecological corridors to rescue biodiver- tribal members. This map would also portray our tribe’s his- sity flows, assuming that the negative consequences from tory in the area including past papakainga (villages), battle fragmentation may be relieved by connectivity between the grounds, stories, historical and current land use, the changing patches are negligent because the forest was not fragmented in ownership and traditional hunting/gathering grounds and 60 years ago. To develop these corridors, a spatial approach the depletion of traditional resources over time. was used incorporating distribution of all natural ecosystems and human intervention systems (Ecosystems Map). By satellite Using hot spot analysis, I would like to show where our tribe imagery analyzing and processing and GIS use, we defined six was situated over time and how outside influences may have ecological systems or ecosystems and four human interven- dictated the movements of our people to where our Marae tion systems. The spatial arrangement of forest fragments was (tribal meeting house) lies today. E.g., WW1/WW2, the inven- determined and the corridors as conservation strategies were tion of Freezers and how that affected our seasonal harvests defined. Using ecological criteria, 66 links between patches of of fish/shellfish therefore easing our dependence on living the original forest were proposed. With this strategy we are near resource sites, the whereabouts of practical employment one step further towards the restoration of the forest in the and other factors that may apply. reserve, with more biodiversity, with a healthy composition and Why do this? A lot of tribal members are no longer part of the structure maintained over time, in harmony with its inhabitants fabric of home, for various reasons like living or moving around for the people of today and tomorrow. the country and around the world. Also a lot of local tribal members know little about the history of our people, and with valuable traditional knowledge not being captured and passed 2:00 pm–3:30 pm down, we lose more with each passing of our elders. Paper Session My goal is to have this knowledge stored securely for the benefit of the future generations. The majority of this knowledge is what we call Matauranga Maori or intangible knowl- Conserving Cultural and Community Values edge (the unseen/unheard). Traditionally, this was fiercely with GIS guarded knowledge handed down only to appropriate or Room: Chapel deserving people, which is why I would place extra effort in ensuring all inputted data will be secure and for the use of Mapping the Unseen and Unheard—An Interactive tribal members. View of My Iwi (Tribe) Using GIS Presenter(s): Rangikauhoe Markus Heke (Scholar), Nga Whenua Rahui Based in Kuku Beach New Zealand is the Te Hakari Dune Wetland Restoration Project. Currently legally protected 24 DATA SETS INCLUDE a previously unreported pre-Incan archaeological site cluster • History at an elevation of 16,000+ feet (5000 m) in the Cordillera Vilcanota range in southeastern Peru. In addition to architec- • Traditions tural sites along the shoreline, at least one pre-Incan ceremo- • Intangible Knowledge nial site sits on the current lake bottom, in 13 feet of water. A • Resource Sites key focus of this project is to capture compelling scientific data in a geospatially-integrated approach that will facilitate • Conservation Efforts specific research objectives while at the same time provid- GIS TYPES ing a base for 3D visualizations that can be shared with the • Story Map public at large, allowing people to experience a sensitive and • Hot Spot Analysis restricted archaeological site in a way that is both informative and entertaining. • Multimedia Hyperlinks The talk will open with an overview of recent multidisciplinary • Time Lapse and the Ability to Create Personal Story Maps/ research in this sensitive, high alpine environment, with a Points etc. for Internal Discussion focus on biology and archaeology. Subsequently, we will Nga Hau E Wha o Papararangi Community Site explore a variety of geospatial and archaeological data collection methods and technologies, ranging from innovative video Presenter(s): Catriona O’Neill, Department of Conservation photogrammetry to UAVs and bathymetric data visualizations. Nga Hau E Wha o Papararangi community site, just outside Finally, we will explore some of the challenges and opportuni- Wellington city, is a picture perfect site 250 m above sea level, ties on the path to protecting this global resource through film overlooking Wellington Harbour. A large number of stake- and communication. For more information on the project, visit holders and volunteers are involved in this project, which aims http://www.thegisinstitute.org. at restoring the local native bush to its original glory. This includes planting trees and plants for weaving, medicinal and Building GIS Capacity cooking purposes and an overall objective of returning birds Presenter(s): Oldy Arnoldy Arby (Scholar), Forum Tata Ruang and other wildlife species back into the area. This research focuses on aspects of building local GIS capac- Nominated representatives from Nga Hau E Wha are being ity on all levels of society, from middle school to NGOs to trained and educated on the use of Esri ArcGIS tools. This government. The data for the research were collected from empowers and motivates them to be self-sufficient in the use students and government/NGO/society through surveys and of ArcGIS. It will allow the representatives to visualize and questionnaires. Findings from the research generally support analyze the current landscape and assist with site optimiza- the hypothesis that exposure to GIS training at the middle tion and suitability for planting and landscaping, pest and school level has a significant effect on building GIS capacity weed control, bird counts and biodiversity monitoring. at other levels in society, and the interactions between these ArcGIS is crucial to the success of the project and is funda- different levels are important. Managerial implications of the mental to decision making and planning efforts. research findings suggest that younger generation involve- ment and leader attention are necessary for successful efforts Searching for the Lost Temple of Auzancata: A to build local GIS capacity. Geospatial Game Plan for Multidisciplinary Research in the High Andes Presenter(s): Wetherbee Dorshow, The GIS Institute This presentation provides a proposed archaeological and geographic expedition to investigate, document and protect

25 Session Descriptions Friday, July 11 (continued)

2:00 pm–3:30 pm because the source can vary spatially and seasonally, origi- nate either from the watershed or the ocean, and be natural Paper Session or anthropogenic. GIS tools and processes can help in developing nutrient criteria by establishing reference conditions Marine Indicators and Pollutions representative of natural background nutrient levels. Along the Oregon Coast in the Pacific Northwest, the primary Room: Acacia source of nutrients in the wet season (November–April) is generally riverine. We delineated and extracted explicit spa- Predictive Mapping of Water Quality Bacterial tial data from watersheds upstream of riverine water quality Indicators in Newport Bay ++ monitoring stations for parametric comparison to recorded Presenter(s): Ashley Ciglar, UC Irvine nutrient levels. The SPARROW model (Wise and Johnson, Newport Bay in southern California is an estuary that pro- 2011) was used to estimate relative contributions of nutrient vides ecosystem services such as habitat for local and sources at each station. Both raster and vector spatial data migrating birds and a recreational hub for water sports. The were used and include land use/land cover, demography, activities that occur in the bay create public appreciation for geology, terrain, precipitation and forest type. The relation- these services and help to ensure support for water quality ships of nutrients to spatial data were then explored as an conservation. Conservation begins with understanding how approach to establishing the reference expectation. contaminants are transported throughout the bay such that contaminant loading standards can be improved. A model GIS Analysis on Representation of the PA Network is developed to simulate advective and dispersive transport in the Barents Euro-Arctic Region of bacteria in Newport Bay, and it can be easily adapted to Presenter(s): Irina Danilova (Scholar), Transparent World add complexity as needed. The model predicts bacterial 1. Two stages for spatial analysis on network representativeness: concentrations for percentile loading conditions calculated from ten transects conducted during 2006. ArcGIS is used • To classify the whole project area by certain geographical to map the regions impacted by bacterial exceedances of classes and to measure how much of each class is pro- EPA regulations resulting from percentile loading conditions. tected in Pas by Vegetation type, Landcover class, biocli- The impacted regions are indicated with Inverse Distance matic zone, elevation level, Land ownership type, Level of Weighting interpolation, which will be used to create human impact/fragmentation graduated color maps. Public comprehension of impacted • To identify the areas of high conservation value (which regions is facilitated through the ArcGIS Online map viewer. should be protected) and measure how much is/is not Furthermore, understanding the transport of bacteria in the protected bay can improve current total maximum daily loading (TMDL) 2. Classification of BEAR protected areas; regulations for bacteria. The transport dynamics in the model 3. Thematic maps produced in BPAN-project; can apply to different TMDLs with varying levels of accuracy. With improved science-based policy, the health of the bay 4. Steps for landscape connectivity analysis and map producing can be ensured for wildlife and recreationists. • Step 1. Landscape transparency maps Aquatic Conservation (Marine or Freshwater) • Step 2. Checking connections • Step 3. Intact areas connectivity analysis (high conserva- What’s Upstream? GIS’s Critical Role in Developing tion value forest connectivity) Nutrient Reference Conditions for Estuaries Presenter(s): Patrick Clinton, U.S. EPA Eutrophication due to excess levels of nitrogen and phos- phorus can seriously impair ecological function in estuaries. Protective criteria for nutrients are difficult to establish

26 2:00 pm–3:30 pm Monterey Bay (CSUMB-SIVA) conducted a survey of pitch canker infestation of Monterey pines at Asilomar Forest. In Paper Session 2002 Dr. U Win conducted a study of 1,414 selected trees from the 2000 survey and concluded that 16% were dead, Invasive Plants 11% had initial signs of pitch canker, 25% showed moderate infestation, 46% had severe infestation, and less than 2% were Room: Toyon healthy. In other words, over 98% of the 1,414 trees studied were infested by pitch canker. Improving Invasive Species Management Using Cloud-Based Field Data Collection and Enhanced A dozen of years after the 2000 survey Monterey pines with Workflows brown branches that are a sign of pitch canker infestation Presenter(s): Brian Shepard, Clean Water Services were still standing tall in Asilomar Forest. In November 2012 MCACO initiated a new study. Data collection began in The management of invasive species throughout a large June 2013 using a Geo HX GPS device and was completed in area, including urban and rural land under public and private September 2013 with 1,134 trees being surveyed. Geospatial ownership, involves rigorous data management. Creating and analysis of the 2013 data was again conducted. maintaining a system of record that provides both accurate data for management decisions and situational awareness Only 490 records of 2000 survey dataset matched with 2013 for field crews require the maintenance of multiple datasets. survey dataset that were utilized for a comparison of pitch Inefficient, manual workflows encumber management strat- canker severity. Analysis of the two datasets has allowed us egy and fieldwork with inaccurate or outdated information. to see the percent changes in each category of pitch canker Clean Water Services is undergoing a dramatic change in severity and changes in severity of infested trees within the the way it collects and reviews data for its invasive species decade. Results to date indicate a glimpse of recovery of management program covering the Tualatin River Watershed sickened trees but will require confirmation by further study in Washington County, OR. Adopting cloud-based solutions in coming decades. and leveraging existing technologies have allowed for a Projection of Native and Invasive Species transition from paper maps and data sheets to a fully digital Distribution Under a Changing Climate in the system of record. Landowner permissions and preferences Southeastern United States ++ and changes in tax lot ownership, size, and location are being tracked and reported in a user-friendly manner. Updates to Presenter(s): Zhen Sui, Mississippi State University this information are automatically pushed to both desktop Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) as a native species along the and mobile GIS platforms enhancing management decisions northern Gulf of Mexico has great ecological values among the in the office and situational awareness in the field. Survey and southern forest ecosystems, while Chinese tallow tree (Triadica treatment data is now presented in real time, improving track- sebifera) is an invasive species which has been dramatically ing and customer service. High accuracy GNSS units com- invading to the longleaf-slash pine and other forest types since bined with iPads allowed for a five-fold increase in both the 1990s. This study constructed three climate envelope mod- number of data points collected and the locational accuracy els (GLM, BIOCLIM, and MaxEnt) to predict future occupied of those points while reducing time and effort for both collec- probability under IPCC A1B scenario for the two species. The tion and management of this data. objective of this study was to detect the vulnerability of longleaf pine and the invasion ability of Chinese tallow. Besides mapping A Decade of Difference (2000–2013): Pitch Canker future distributions under the changing climate, spatial statistics Infestation in Asilomar Forest, Pacific Grove, CA associated GIS techniques were widely applied through model- Presenter(s): U Win, Winners Circle Consulting ing procedures. One result showed that the significant climatic variables which affected species distributions not only referred In 2000 the Monterey County Agricultural Commissioner’s to general trends (mean) and extreme values, but also included Office (MCACO) and the former Spatial Information variation (seasonality). Another result showed that oak-gum- Visualization Center of the California State University at

27 Session Descriptions Friday, July 11 (continued)

cypress forests turned to be the second vulnerable forests fol- 2:00 pm–3:30 pm lowed with longleaf-slash pine forests to Chinese tallow invasion in the southern United States. This study provided a comprehen- Technical Workshop sive interpretation of effects on both native and non-native tree Room: Heather species due to climate change. The purpose of this study is to call attention to the risks of species invasion under a changing Creating Map Books with Data Driven Pages climate with respect to forest ecosystem conservation. Presenter(s): John Schaeffer, Juniper GIS Mapping Invasive Prosopis juliflora in Afar, Ethiopia, Data Driven Pages is Esri’s tool for creating map books. With Using Participatory GIS Approaches Data Driven Pages, the user can create a series of map pages Presenter(s): Tewodros Wakie, Colorado State University based on data within the map, usually a polygon grid or a We used participatory mapping and GIS techniques to map set of polygons along a linear feature. This presentation will Prosopis juliflora invaded sites in Afar, Ethiopia. Sketch maps explain the commands and settings needed to create map were made by more than 40 men and 30 women. We aggre- books and will demonstrate how to create map books with gated, scaled, and reproduced the sketch maps with support different examples. The presentation will also show how to from local communities. Additionally, we provided GPS train- use dynamic text for page numbering and if time permits, ing to selected community members who collected some ArcPy mapping commands. 70 geographic coordinates of key features and control points. Sketch maps were then digitized and geo-referenced using 4:00 pm–5:30 pm the 70 control points and ArcGIS software. We overlaid the community maps on Landsat 8 images, MODIS derived P. juli- Paper Session flora distribution maps, and other ancillary land cover layers. The results show that Afar pastoralist communities correctly Public Platforms for Science and GIS identifiedP. juliflora infested sites and many key features and resources. Comparisons with other P. juliflora maps show Room: Chapel that communities mapped denser stands more than they did sparsely infested sites. Communities in Afar also mapped P. Making Connections with Twitter juliflora infestations that were close to settlement areas sug- Presenter(s): Jocelyn Tutak, Ecotrust gesting that these methods may be more suited to fine scale There are conversations—meaningful ones—happening mapping. They also identified other problems that include about conservation, GIS, climate change, biodiversity, fund- conflict with rival Issa pastoral communities and overtaking of ing, and more every day on Twitter. Are you taking part? Do their land by the incumbent government for new large-scale you want to? This session will cover some of the basics of agribusinesses. Participants showed a great sense of accep- Twitter but will also be used to start a conversation about the tance and ownership to the produced maps, suggesting that many ways current users utilize Twitter, how to find and take participatory mapping approaches may be another tool for part in the conversations you want to be a part of, and more. early detection of invasive species and guiding fine-scale All experience levels welcome! Come with questions to ask or management strategies. tips to share.

28 Geek Speak—Case Studies in Translating Complex locations and results can be daunting. In an effort to more Spatial Data into Powerful Key Messages for efficiently communicate survey data, we created a webmap General Audiences for biologists to record survey locations and to map the Presenter(s): Melissa Clark, The Nature Conservancy location and activity of sensitive wildlife. Use of the webmap did not require any GIS skills and allowed users to print maps In order to widely influence conservation at regional, national, and extract points of interest. Users of the webmap included and global scales it is necessary to translate our long techni- project biologists, environmental compliance monitors, regu- cal reports and gigabytes of data into simple messages and lators, and construction managers. The webmap was a useful basic clear datasets that decision makers, foundations, gov- tool for communicating survey results and had the additional ernment agencies, and general audiences can understand. In benefit of providing a mapping environment to use when this presentation, I will discuss case studies from the Eastern unexpected construction challenges were encountered. The Division of The Nature Conservancy in climate resilience, California ISO lists over 200 electric transmission projects that terrestrial habitats, conservation status, and large dataset dis- are currently in progress or are planned across the state. Thus tribution and explore what has and has not worked in translat- the use of webmaps as a communication tool for environmen- ing these case studies. Rather than end with conclusions, I will tal compliance has broad applicability. end the presentation with interaction and reflection by asking the audience about ways they have successfully incorporated science translation into their own projects. 4:00 pm–5:30 pm

DOC NZ’s Vision Change: Implications for an Enterprise Environment Paper Session Presenter(s): Peter Hiemstra, New Zealand’s Department of Species Movement and Modeling Conservation Room: Acacia New Zealand’s Department of Conservation has recently gone through an organisational change that now puts more Modeling the Relationship Between Post-Nesting, emphasis on partnerships with businesses and the commu- Northwest Pacific Green Turtle Movement Patterns nity to meet conservation goals. This shift has resulted in a and Environmental Conditions ++ requirement to more readily interact and collaborate with Presenter(s): Wan-Hwa Cheng, University of Central Florida these stakeholders in a meaningful and practical way. For the GIS team, this will involve using a range of Esri ArcGIS and Effective management for the conservation of marine turtles non-Esri tools and methods to deliver engagement needs. requires knowledge of how habitat characteristics relate to turtle movements. Satellite tracking data were used to provide Using Webmaps as a Communication Tool for information on migration between reproductive beaches and Environmental Compliance foraging grounds, location residency times, and utilization of Presenter(s): Molly Sandomire, TRC Solutions these habitats. Basic oceanography conditions such as surface currents have been linked to sea turtle movement. In addition, Overhead power lines, which transmit electrical energy dynamic mesoscale processes such as chlorophyll fronts may over long distances, often traverse sensitive habitats. There also influence sea turtle movements. are almost 400,000 miles of electric transmission lines in the United States, much of which are aging and require Our main objective in this study is to understand how envi- upgrades to maintain system reliability. Due to their linear ronmental conditions influence post-nesting green turtle nature, power line projects can negatively impact wildlife. In migratory behaviors in the Northwest Pacific using geospatial California, one common conservation measure requires a modeling. We used 35 satellite tracks from Taiwan and Japan biologist to conduct wildlife surveys prior to construction. For taken from 1994–2013 and modeled the effects of environ- utility-scale projects, which can involve many work sites along mental parameters (e.g., sea surface height, sea surface and miles of power lines, the challenge of communicating survey below surface temperature, surface and below surface salinity,

29 Session Descriptions Friday, July 11 (continued)

distance from the coast, ocean current speed and direc- Mapping Important Areas for Seabirds: How to tion, chlorophyll a concentration, magnetic field strength) on Draw the Boundary Line green turtle post-nesting movement behavior. Data from this Presenter(s): Melanie Smith, Audubon Alaska study will be used to develop multiple regression models. During a multi-year process of identifying important Bird The weightings from the multiple regression will be used to Areas in Alaska we established new methods for recognizing parameterize a circuitscape model which will be used to pre- globally significant seabird hot spots using data from pelagic dict the likelihood of possible movement pathway through the survey transects. The process required developing gradient seascape. This study may be useful for improving government- maps summarizing bird density or abundance by species and led management and conservation practices for marine turtles. a method for delineating boundaries. Drawing lines is necessary to establish conservation areas or perform marine spatial Whale mAPP: Engaging Citizen Scientists to Contribute and Map Marine Mammal Sightings planning, yet few have focused on analytical approaches for moving from gradient maps to boundaries. Presenter(s): Dr. Lei Lani Stelle, University of Redlands We explored many spatial-ecological questions to find the Studies focused on monitoring populations & distributions most effective approach. Delineation methods included of marine mammals are expensive & resource intensive. To expert-drawn lines, buffering significant seabird colonies, increase the availability of this essential information, a geo- quantile maps, and density-dependent contours. We settled graphic information system (GIS) solution was developed on a moving window approach to summarize data and derive using a citizen science approach. boundaries because it required fewer processing steps, pro- Whale mAPP is a system of mobile & web applications that vided a measure of local abundance which allowed us to easily allow the public to submit marine mammal observations & test significance thresholds, and is not sensitive to scaling visualize the results on maps. An Android mobile application issues related to study area size. The approach worked well for was developed to record sightings, automatically track boat a wide range of birds, including loons, albatrosses, shearwa- paths, & collect photographs to provide a geography-specific ters, storm-petrels, cormorants, diving ducks, gulls, terns, and list of species to users, & to work regardless of connectivity. A alcids in marine areas ranging from temperate to polar. web application allows users to query data by region, date, & These methods should be broadly applicable across ecosys- time, visualize sightings directly, & download data in shapefile tem types and species guilds, including both short- and long- format. Educational materials on the website include basic range foragers and locally common to widely abundant species. biological information along with images & illustrations. The site also includes marine mammal threats & research efforts Identifying Important Bird Areas for Waterfowl in highlighted with brief stories, interviews, & videos. Terrestrial and Coastal Alaska Using Aerial Survey Efforts are being made to make Whale mAPP a more col- Data laborative & stable project. World-wide beta testing of the Presenter(s): Nathan Walker, Audubon Alaska mobile app is underway to ensure its capability in a wide Important Bird Areas (IBAs) are based on an established pro- variety of environments. Whale mAPP is being extended to gram that uses standardized criteria to identify places that hold ArcGIS Online to enable its use by a wider range of users. a significant proportion of the population of one or more bird Additionally, GitHub is being used to encourage collaborative species. Building on our work to use spatial analysis to delin- development of the mobile app’s educational components by eate IBAs in the marine environment of Alaska, we adapted our a graduate student assessing the use of citizen science data methods to terrestrial and coastal areas of the state. First, we for research on cetaceans. compiled nearly 1 million aerial survey bird locations identified

30 to species, made up primarily of waterfowl observations. The cluster analysis, we uncover 12 phytogeographic regions which surveyed areas covered almost one-third of terrestrial Alaska differ in evolutionary uniqueness. Our phytoregions match and one-half of the coastline. Next, we calculated average surprisingly closely to traditional classification, but we also density, by species, within 5 km bins, and averaged multiple find mismatches for some regions. Notably, we identify new years of density data where available. Terrestrial survey data phyloregions which differ in evolutionary distinctiveness. We included transect polygons, allowing us to multiply the density suggest conservation premium should be placed on ecozones across the 5 km bin to derive an adjusted abundance estimate. with highest evolutionary distinctiveness, such as the savanna Coastline surveys did not include transect polygons and were and the coastal forests. treated as a census with no area adjustment. The resultant abundance gradient maps for 36 species were summarized Capturing Remnant Woody Vegetation on the Valley using a 25 km moving window analysis to locate core areas Floor of Yolo County ++ meeting IBA criteria. These polygons were validated for IBA Presenter(s): JayLee Tuil, UC Davis status by testing for total abundance and persistent occupa- With efforts focused on regional resource conservation and tion of a site at a density exceeding the IBA threshold value. restoration, the authors use object-oriented image analysis We identified more than 70 new IBAs for 18 different species. (OBIA) to segment high-resolution aerial imagery (NAIP, 2005) The methods can be used to identify IBAs in other geographies and spatially delimit remnant native woody vegetation on with available aerial survey data. the valley floor of Yolo County. To begin, relevant vegetation classes are assembled from various existing datasets to 4:00 pm–5:30 pm construct an initial mask for segmentation. The map is further developed using spatial subsets of LiDAR and hyperspectral data along a portion of the Sacramento River to train and Paper Session classify the remnant woody vegetation polygons on the valley floor. Such a map would be a valuable conservation and Plant Conservation and Biogeography restoration planning tool for the Central Valley region. With Room: Toyon this spatial information, region-wide conservation planning can incorporate the potential building blocks of a regional and A Phylogenetic Regionalization of the functional habitat network amidst the agricultural vernacular Phytogeographic Zones of Southern Africa ++ of the Central Valley. Presenter(s): Barnabas Daru, University of Johannesburg, South Africa Rapidly Identifying Plants At Risk; Streamlined The classification and delineation of biogeographical units Methods to Address Target Two of the Global provide a fundamental step in understanding the distribution Strategy for Plant Conservation of biodiversity across the globe. However, many bioregional Presenter(s): Wayne Law, The New York Botanical Garden classification schemes are laid down with little cognizance of Target two of The Global Strategy for Plant Conservation phylogenetic relatedness, resulting in only a weak correspon- (GSPC), “An assessment of the conservation status of all dence between bioregions and the evolutionary assemblages known plant species, as far as possible, to guide conservation of species found within them. Because phylogeny captures action,” is set to be accomplished by 2020. To date, fewer than information on the evolutionary history of diversification and 15,000 plant species have conservation assessments under dispersal, it provides a valuable tool for delineating biogeo- the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) graphical boundaries. In this study, we use a dated phylogeny Red List, the most widely recognized system used to esti- of trees and a metric of phylogenetic ß-diversity to delimit mate risk of extinction. Due to the difficulties assembling the the phytogeographical zones of southern Africa. Based on data needed for Red List assessments, progress to achieve

31 Session Descriptions Friday, July 11 (continued)

Target two has been extremely slow. The New York Botanical 4:00 pm–5:30 pm Garden has developed a streamlined method using herbarium specimens and ArcGIS to calculate an Extent of Occurrence Technical Workshop (EOO) using a minimum convex polygon. Species with an Room: Heather EOO of less than 20,000 km 2, an IUCN threshold, are subsequently evaluated as “At Risk.” However, the Pacific Islands Habitat Analysis for Overwintering Monarch need an additional metric because of the limited land area Butterflies: Microclimate Meets GIS in this region. Plant species restricted to these islands might be identified as “At Risk” due to the small land area of these Presenter(s): Stuart Weiss, Creekside Center for Earth Observation islands, despite being widespread locally. By also incorporating digital elevation model (DEM), we calculate the area above Overwintering monarch butterflies require an exacting a species lowest elevational occurrence, a metric we have set of microclimatic conditions in forest groves along the coined, Extent of Inhabitable Elevation of Island Occurrence California Coast—a mix of light exposure and wind shelter in (EIEIO). These streamlined systems allow a rapid assessment a mild coastal environment that rarely freezes. We will take for species that need plant conservation attention and allow a advantage of the proximity of Monarch Grove Sanctuary and more timely response to Target two of the GSPC. George Washington Park in Pacific Grove to do a combina- tion presentation (1/2 hr) and field tour (1 hr) that will cover the Potential Areas for Plants Conservation in integration of hemispherical photography and microclimate Madagascar mapping in GIS. Hemispherical photos generate site-specific Presenter(s): Eric Rakotoarisoa Solofo (Scholar), Kew Madagascar canopy cover, insolation, and wind exposure within complex Conservation Centre forest canopies and are interpolated using Geostatistical Analyst to create microclimate surfaces. These are combined Madagascar is home of about 14000 plant species (Schatz, with a tree map (species, diameter, and height) to assess 2010), 90% of which are found nowhere else in the world. Now long-term management needs and options. Key elements due to human activities (logging, slash and burn practical, ille- of site management include anticipating tree decline and gal plant collecting) many species are threatened to extinction. death, planting of new trees to maintain wind shelter, and This paper aims to identify potential areas for conservation in management of hazard branches and dead trees. The often Madagascar by using the genera, Aloe and Palms, as a model. contentious history of site management will be covered, along These are two charismatic taxa of the flora of Madagascar. with the recent success establishing a new shelterbelt against The GIS analysis will determine the species diversity trends in northwest winds, using non-native blue gum eucalyptus (a each of the taxon and explain the reason of their diversity in species that forms the backbone of Monarch Grove Sanctuary) dissimilar environments. Aloe species are highly diversified in planted in 1999. George Washington Park supports a native the dry region, on the western side of Madagacar while palms pine-oak forest historically (and still occasionally) used by dominate the humid forest in the eastern part of the island. monarchs and we will discuss incipient restoration plans that Finally, the habitat modeling of Aloe and palms will be used will play out over the next 20 years. for prioritizing the conservation of the area with high potential species richness but not covered by the protected areas network yet.

32 33 Session Descriptions Saturday, July 12

9:00 am–10:30 am Fire, Python scripts and GIS tools were developed to provide daily spatial updates on claim ownership and activity from the Paper Session Ontario Mining Claims Information Database (http://www.mci .mndm.gov.on.ca/Claims/clm_mmen.cfm). Using these tools, Restoration and Habitat Management we have been able to efficiently comment on environmental assessments for proposed mining developments in the Ring of Room: Chapel Fire and incorporate the most recent mining information into our conservation analyses. Given the limited conservation dol- A National Map of Restoration Priorities lars and staff resources available to address issues in an area Presenter(s): Paola Isaacs Cubides, Instituto Alexander von Humboldt the size of Sweden, these tools can rapidly inform organiza- The Humboldt Institute has an entity of the National tions concerned with the impacts of mining exploration at low Environmental System with the responsibility to build the cost. The next step is to make these tools available online and national map of restoration priorities for the country. We use a share them with First Nations and their environmental resource multi-criteria analysis that included indicators of intervention at staff and other government and non-government organiza- 1:100,000 scale: 1) covers with intervention (fragmented forests, tions engaged in environmental assessment in Ontario. secondary vegetation, bare and degraded soils), burned areas and presence of alien species (conifer plantations); 2) map of Using Technology to Improve Restoration Efficiency deforestation 2010–2012; 3) map of land use conflicts in over- in Southern Nevada exploited areas or with unsuitable soils; 4) layer of drains and Presenter(s): Kerry Holcomb, US Fish and Wildlife Service water bodies in agricultural areas; and 5) existing mining rights. From 1960 to 2010 Nevada’s rate of human population growth An analysis of landscape metrics was performed using size, was the fastest in our nation; Clark County’s population grew shape and contiguity. Areas with the highest priority restora- by more than 40 percent between 2000 and 2010. During this tion were located in the Andean region, the Caribbean and time, public land in southern Nevada experienced increas- the eastern plains, to the margins of basins. In total has been ing rates of human influenced (anthropogenic) disturbance reported 81.645.800 ha to restore, mainly in areas with land to all ecosystem types. Synergy between rapid disturbance use conflicts by overexploitation with 14.311.321 ha, covers with proliferation, slow natural recovery, and limited/fluctuating intervention with 6.670.000 and 1.500.000 ha with small patches budgets challenged the ability of federal resource manag- with regular forms in disturbed matrices. Based on disturbance, ers to track and mitigate impacts to soils, hydrology, and the mining rights reports 773.000 ha, 625.000 ha on drains with biodiversity. In response, the Southern Nevada Restoration productive systems, and deforestation with 295.000 ha. This Team (SNRT) developed the Disturbance Inventory and map is the first attempt in the country at this scale and should Restoration Tracking (DIRT) geodatabase and protocol, which become an opportunity to better address restoration efforts provides the BLM, NPS, US FWS, and USFS with a standard as in Colombia; however, these actions will depend on regional well as seamless approach for documenting, prioritizing, and restoration efforts to work in more detailed scales. restoring disturbances, and monitoring restoration success. The DIRT geodatabase and protocol provides a decision tree Keeping Track of Mining Activity in Ontario’s based on specific disturbance attributes, and the success Northern Boreal of the prescriptions will be monitored, informing periodic Presenter(s): Meg Southee, Wildlife Conservation Society Canada refinement and expansion of treatment actions. Following Ontario’s Northern Boreal is the largest intact boreal forest in the steps and actions provided by the protocol assures that the world and it is facing increased pressures from resource disturbances in southern Nevada are documented, prioritized, extraction, infrastructure development and climate change. and treated using a landscape-scale adaptive management Following the discovery of massive deposits of chromite, approach consistent across public land management jurisdic- nickel and copper in the region named the “Ring of Fire,” tions, and that restoration efforts will be based on the best Ontario’s Northern Boreal has seen a dramatic increase available scientific information as well as patterns gleaned in staked mining claims, exploration activities and mining from DIRT data. proposals. In order to monitor mining activities in the Ring of

34 A Novel Approach to Mapping and Quantifying Age movement of the wildlife in the area. The aim of this paper Classes of Forest Habitat to Support Avian Habitat is to analyze the impacts of the enclave communities on Management in the Upper Great Lakes the gorilla migratory pathways. The sources of data include Presenter(s): Brian Tavernia, USGS Landsat image, ordinance documents establishing the park, historic and current data on gorilla trails, and ample fieldwork. The implementation of management plans to halt and reverse Accurate representation of the Okwangwo Division was done declining trends of bird species dependent on early succes- with a view to examine environmental changes and spatial sional habitat (ESH) requires information about the amount, analysis of the effects of the changes on gorilla migratory configuration, quality, and location of habitat. Current habitat pathways. Findings show that anthropogenic impacts on datasets do not allow managers to address questions about gorilla migratory pathways exist in Okwangwo Division with the amount and configuration of ESH age classes at spatial high potential for gorilla-human conflicts. This would further scales pertinent to management efforts. Landsat time series heighten the insecurity of both humans and gorillas, thereby stacks (LTSS) contain spectral-temporal information revealing thwarting conservation efforts. Protection of migratory path- the timing and severity of forest disturbance events. We used ways, community sensitization, regional awareness, and rein- LTSS and a Vegetation Change Tracker (VCTw) algorithm to forcement of trans-border collaboration are recommended produce maps of 5-year forest age classes across the Midwest for effective conservation of wildlife in the study area. states of Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. Using Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data, we carried out area- and Integrative Population Viability Analysis of the site-specific assessments of VCTw age class maps. Across the Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus): A Metapopulation study region, VCTw provided area estimates for young forest Approach Linking Demographic Data with age classes (<20 years old) that were less than FIA estimates. Landscape Processes ++ Site-specific comparisons of FIA plots to VCTw pixels indicated Presenter(s): Rochelle James, University of Sydney that VCTw correctly classified age class for 13.7% to 30.2% of plots, depending on the age class considered. For our study Population assessments based on direct counts of individu- region, our results are similar to assessments comparing other als can be biased by imperfect detection and often fail to widely-used geospatial products, such as LANDFIRE to FIA consider a broad range of species survival drivers. The koala data. Future evaluations will further build confidence in the (Phascolarctos cinereus) is an arboreal folivore that inhabits VCTw age class map by examining the efficacy of age class- the tree canopy of eucalypt forests in Eastern Australia. The related predictors in regional models of wildlife abundance. species cryptic behaviour reduces the probability of detection, which is often not accounted for in population viability analysis studies. A novel occupancy-based approach to meta- 9:00 am–10:30 am population viability analysis was applied to regional koala populations in Queensland, Australia. The Bayesian model- Paper Session ling tool was used to estimate probabilities of colonisation and extinction while accounting for imperfect detection and Primate Conservation landscape connectivity using GIS tools. Original integrated Room: Acacia modelling of ecological, demographic and landscape-level parameters was conducted to determine the key drivers Spatial Analysis of Anthropogenic Impacts on Gorilla of population persistence. We identified knowledge gaps Migratory Pathways in Okwangwo, CRNP, Nigeria ++ around potential drivers of koala population persistence and modelled new parameters, together with previously identified Presenter(s): Princewill Odum, University of Calabar, Nigeria parameters, to determine the most significant factors for koala The Okwangwo Division of the Cross River National Park metapopulation viability. The results of this modelling tool will (Nigeria) and the Takamanda National Park (Cameroun) is provide decision makers with a greater degree of confidence home to endemic and vulnerable colony of Gorillas (Gorilla in applying targeted species management plans, thereby gorilla diehli). Over the years, the activities of two enclave increasing the likelihood of positive conservation outcomes. communities (Okwangwo and Okwa I & II) in Okwangwo Programming and Modeling Division have endangered and also inhibited the freedom of 35 Session Descriptions Saturday, July 12 (continued)

Great Ape Population Analysis across Western remaining forest in fragments smaller than 1000 ha than species Equatorial Africa of lower conservation concern. Most studies of pitheciids in Presenter(s): Samantha Strindberg, WCS habitat fragments have concentrated on census data, and the behavior of pitheciids in habitat fragments has been addressed Great apes are important components of ecological functionality for only 21% of the species. Therefore increased data on the of the central African forests, and, together with forest elephants, responses of pitheciid species to habitat loss and fragmentation are the primary dispersers of many tree species. An expanding are necessary in order to address pitheciid conservation in the road network has facilitated rapid access into the region’s forests future, especially in areas with severe habitat loss. over the last few decades, allowing hunters, guns, and munitions to reach once-remote forest areas. Hunting for bushmeat has intensified everywhere as a result, increasing the pressure on all 9:00 am–10:30 am wildlife. The great apes have, in addition, undergone successive epidemics of Ebola in part of their range in Gabon and Congo. Paper Session Distribution and abundance assessments of western lowland gorillas, central chimpanzees, and both ape species combined Forest and Fire I was based on spatially explicit ape nest data from 82 surveys (in Room: Toyon 60 sites) carried out between 2003–2013, comprising 8,580 km. Surveys were conducted by WCS, WWF, ANPN, AP, Estimating Tree Mortality Following Wildfire Using CI/MPI/INDEFOR, MIKE and JGI. Known or suspected drivers of Digital Aerial Photography and LiDAR ++ ape distribution and density such as ecological conditions, the degree of human influence, and the nearest Ebola epidemic, Presenter(s): Brian Bishop, Cal Poly among others, were considered during the analysis using a Digital aerial photography and LiDAR are remote sensing prod- spatio-temporal mixed modelling approach. Mapping the ucts commonly used to assess vegetation, including change predicted density and distribution of great apes was crucial to detection following disturbance events such as forest fire. understanding their current and past status. Results show the pri- Forest managers need information about mortality following ority areas for great ape conservation, in terms of high densities wildfire, but direct assessment from the ground is time-con- and large populations, are largely within the more remote forests suming and expensive. The use of remote sensing to estimate and protected areas network of the region. mortality can be more efficient and cost-effective. This study modeled mortality of trees following the Lockheed fire, which Pitheciid Primates in Fragmented Habitats: Land burned 3,163 ha in the Santa Cruz Mountains in August 2009. Cover Change and Its Implications for Conservation Trees in 47 plots were assessed for three years following the Presenter(s): Sarah Boyle, Rhodes College fire. Plot percent mortality of trees 25 cm DBH and greater was sorted into three categories: <25%, 25–50%, and >50%. Using Pitheciids (titi, bearded saki, saki, and uacari monkeys) have normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from National experienced variable habitat loss and fragmentation in South Agricultural Imagery Program orthophotos, plots were classi- America. I used IUCN Red List data to delineate the geo- fied with 74% accuracy. Combining the same NDVI with 4 post- graphic range and conservation of 43 pitheciid species. Using fire LiDAR variables yielded 85% accuracy; combining NDVI GlobCover land cover data, I calculated the amount of modi- with differenced (pre- and post-fire LiDAR) variables yielded fied land cover within the range of each species, as well as the 83% accuracy. These findings indicate that remote sensing extent to which the remaining habitat exists in small fragments. data can be used to map the distribution of tree mortality fol- Critically Endangered and Endangered species represented 21% lowing wildfire with reasonable accuracy, and that the addition of the pitheciid species, and 47% of these species had popula- of LiDAR data provides some improvement over photo-based tion trends documented as decreasing. Modified land cover was methods. This information could be used to assess effects greatest for titi monkeys (18% of geographic range), followed of wildfire on carbon cycling, plan salvage and reforestation by bearded saki monkeys (14%), saki monkeys (4%), and uacari efforts, and identify areas at risk of erosion or mass movement. monkeys (1%). Species of greater conservation concern had smaller geographic ranges, a greater proportion of their range consisting of modified land cover, and a greater proportion of 36 Land Cover Change: The Nexus of Forestry, the pilot project highlights the challenges and risks of conserving Carbon Cycle and Economics intact landscapes, wide-ranging species, and First Nation liveli- Presenter(s): Shellye Suttles, USDA: Economic Research Service hoods using current approaches to environmental planning. The balance between cropland, forestland, pastureland and The Meteorological Risk of Fire in Slovenia from the other land cover impacts our world. One such interaction is the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System link between deforestation and increasing levels of carbon diox- Presenter(s): Tomaž Šturm (Scholar), Slovenia Forest Service ide in the atmosphere. The Future Agricultural Resources Model (FARM) is used to analyze the effects of bioenergy policies that The European Forest Fire Information System (EFFIS) supports promote the use of forest biomass in the United States and the services in charge of the protection of forests against fires Europe on global land cover change and global carbon cycle. in the EU countries and provides the European Commission FARM is a computable general equilibrium model scaled for a services and the European Parliament with updated and reliable regional (supranational) level of economic analysis. It is primar- information on wild fires in Europe. Every day meteorological ily based on the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) database, fire danger maps and forecast up to 6 days are made using which incorporates economics, trade, land cover, and energy use. Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System (CFFWIS). The We hypothesize that commercial bioenergy production from for- system uses meteorological forecasted data received daily from est biomass will increase total forestland area vis-à-vis cropland French and German meteorological services (Meteo-France and pastureland area. In addition, this expansion of forestland and DWD). Slovenia Forest Service has now long-term assess- may potentially increase carbon sequestration. Our talk will ment of forest fires using forest management plan data. We include a discussion with the audience on land cover definitions decided to use the model for The Meteorological Risk of Fire in in FARM (focusing on forestland area) as well as the potential for Slovenia from the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System refinement to the model’s land cover data. (http://cwfis.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/background/summary/fwi). We used meteorological data from our meteorological stations. I tested Addressing the Cumulative Effects of Development the model first in a smaller part of Slovenia (cca 150,000 ha) and in Ontario’s Northern Boreal Region, Canada found out that it is accurate enough for everyday use (http:// Presenter(s): Cheryl Chetkiewicz, WCS Canada link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10342-011-0556-7). After that I started to work on the model for the whole state. From 1995 to Ontario’s Northern Boreal region contains some of the world’s 2013 I collected meteorological data for 22 meteorological sta- most intact subarctic terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems as well tions. I calculated fire weather indexes and their ranges. I used as species at risk including woodland caribou and lake stur- kriging as point interpolation technique, MySQL database for geon. It is also the homeland of First Nations who hold rights to data storage and automatic calculating CFFIWS on daily basis. traditional livelihoods. In 2010, the Government of Ontario com- Results (Fire Weather Index [FWI]) can be seen on the Internet mitted to working with interested First Nations to plan for new using ArcGIS Server (http://www.zdravgozd.si/fwi.aspx). The FWI industrial development and conserve 50% of the landscape. At is calculated automatically for every day for Slovenia. This work the same time, new mining proposals are considered in envi- has been done with my colleague Dr. Nikica Ogris (Slovenian ronmental assessment processes that do not address regional Forestry Institute) who will be the co-author in the presentation. effects. We applied a cumulative effects simulation model (ALCES®) to explore the impacts of development on caribou, wolverine, moose, and watershed integrity over the next 9:00 am–10:30 am 50 years. We found a three-fold increase in anthropogenic footprint due to road and transmission corridor expansion to Technical Workshop support industrial developments. Simulated forestry activity Room: Heather impacted the Pagwachuan caribou range with disturbance exceeding a national guideline for sustainability. Wolverine habi- Introduction to Marxan.net tat quality declined with expansion of the road network while moose expanded their range, especially given climate change Presenter(s): Dr. Heather Coleman, PacMARA (Pacific Marine scenarios. The development scenario resulted in some water- Analysis and Research Association) sheds receiving multiple impacts due to mines and dams. Our Marxan spatial planning software supports systematic 37 Session Descriptions Saturday, July 12 (continued)

conservation and resource use planning. It is most know as (CTI) was created to identify ecoregions with highest projected a decision support tool to aid the development of marine land use conversion potential within closest proximity to exist- protected area networks but is just as applicable to other ing protected areas. Our analysis indicated nearly 22% of land systems and scales. Using Marxan or Marxan with Zones, area in the Coast Range and over 16% of land area in the Puget planners can identify an efficient system of conservation or Lowland had very high CTI values. Broader regional-scale land other management areas that represents a suite of biodiver- use change is projected to impact nearly 40% of the Coast sity targets for a minimal socioeconomic “cost.” Previously, Range, 30% of the Puget Lowland, and 24% of the Cascades Zonae Cogito or other support software has often been used (i.e., two highest CTI classes). A landscape level, scenario-based to run Marxan analyses, facilitate input file manipulation, approach to modeling future land use helps identify ecoregions and conduct sensitivity analyses. In 2013, the University of with existing protected areas at greater risk from regional land Queensland began migrating Marxan software to the cloud use threats and can help prioritize future conservation efforts. and created a web-based interface to use supercomputing resources for spatial planning. This development is helping to Estimating Land Cover Change in Usulután, El improve decision support delivery and ease of use, enhance Salvador from 1975–2013 Using Landsat Imagery ++ computational scalability, and improve software performance. Presenter(s): Aimee Teaby, CSU Monterey Bay In a related new development, Marxan users can now log in In developing countries, economic globalization, inequitable to the R Studio Server console and access a series of R Shiny land distribution and population growth generally work together Server applications to conduct analyses. This technical work- to cause deforestation. Using a suite of Landsat images, we shop will cover differences between Marxan and Marxan.net completed a supervised classification time series of land cover and include a tutorial to introduce participants to elements of in the Usulután Department of El Salvador to quantify land cover the new platform. changes from 1975 to 2013. We generated a classification model by iteratively applying a support vector machine (SVM) tool 11:00 am–noon in ArcMap using a small-sample and mixed-pixel method. To account for the variation in spectral reflectance, we normalized the images with an iteratively reweighted multivariate alteration Paper Session detection (irMAD) tool prior to classification. The SVM process created a model and was used in ArcMap as iterator tool to Land Use/Land Cover automate the image classification process using radiometrically Room: Chapel normalized images. Classification accuracies were assessed using ground validation and Landsat images. From 1975 to 2013, Urban Sprawl: Land Use Threats and Protected the extent of mangroves and agricultural land showed decreas- Areas: A Scenario-Based, Landscape Level Approach ing trends, while forest and urban land cover showed increasing Presenter(s): Tamara Wilson, U.S. Geological Survey trends. Our results are consistent with previous research suggest- Anthropogenic land use will likely present a greater challenge to ing an increase in reforestation over the last few decades. The biodiversity than climate change this century. Even if species are decadal fluctuations in land cover also correlate with the depop- equipped with the adaptive capacity to migrate in the face of a ulation and resettlement related to the civil war and subsequent changing climate, they will likely encounter a human-dominated peace process. This high-resolution analysis of land cover change landscape as a major dispersal obstacle. Our goal was to iden- can aid local municipalities with ecosystem management while tify, at the ecoregion-level, protected areas in close proximity improving their land use and development policies. to lands with a higher likelihood of future land use conversion. Using a state-and-transition simulation model, we modeled Land Use Change Due to Pavement of the 10th Road spatially explicit (1 km 2) land use from 2000–2100 under seven in the Mbaracayu Forest Biosphere Reserve alternative land-use and emission scenarios for ecoregions in Presenter(s): Laura Rodríguez Yakisich (Scholar), Moises the Pacific Northwest, USA. We analyzed scenario-based land Bertoni Foundation use conversion threats from logging, agriculture, and develop- The Mbaracayu Forest Biosphere Reserve is located in the ment near existing protected areas. A conversion threat index Department of Canindeyu, northeast part of the eastern region

38 of Paraguay. Until 2003, the Biosphere Reserve had no paved winged Warbler, Blue-winged Warbler, and Brown Thrasher. roads and the main activity was large scale ranching and peas- There is the opportunity to provide habitat for these species ants and indigenous settlements that had their self-consumption over long time periods in power line rights-of-way (ROW), crops. There was also a large area of forests remaining. When where vegetative structure is actively maintained in early the 10th road (that crosses the Reserve in the south part from successional stages. This project worked with citizen sci- east to west) started to be paved, a big part of those ranching entists from Audubon chapters and the VT Electric Power fields and forests were converted to agriculture, changing not Corporation (VELCO) to survey thirty-four focal areas of the only the landscape, but also all the economic activity. ROW in the Champlain Valley of Vermont. These focal areas The intention of the work is to show those changes and make were identified through remote and on-the-ground methods, some assumptions about the possible effect of the pavement and volunteers surveyed the sites for seven target species of another road that crosses the Reserve from north to south. during the spring and summer of 2012 and 2013. Bird locations from the survey were then transferred to GIS. Treatment type, ROW width, and surrounding landscape were analyzed 11:00 am–noon to help determine the most important factors in determining bird abundance. Audubon VT biologists developed recom- Paper Session mendations that would help VELCO create the desired habitat structure for the target species. Avian Conservation Effects of Anthropogenic, Ecological, and Hydrological Room: Acacia Variables on Eurasian Spoonbill (Platalea leucorodia) Wintering Habitat within Poyang Lake, China ++ Roosting Preference of Reintroduced Whooping Cranes in Wisconsin Presenter(s): Benjamin Sullender, University of Wisconsin-Madison Presenter(s): Dorn Moore, International Crane Foundation Poyang Lake, the largest freshwater lake in China, provides critical wintering refuge for over 300 species of migratory The International Crane Foundation has been working waterbirds, but little is known about what determines optimal as a founding partner for the Whooping Crane Eastern habitat within this system. This study uses spatially-explicit Partnership (WCEP) since the group’s founding in 2001. Since analysis to determine hydrological, ecological, and anthropo- that time, WCEP has been working diligently to re-introduce a genic drivers of foraging site selection for Platalea leucorodia self-sustaining eastern flyway population of whooping cranes (Eurasian spoonbill) within Sha Hu and Dahu Chi sublakes. To to migrate between Wisconsin and the gulf coast of Florida. calculate hydrological variables within both sublakes, a digital There are xxx cranes currently in the reintroduced eastern elevation model (DEM) of the study area was generated from population and the team is interested in better understand- a series of water depth measurements by using kriging to ing how the reintroduced birds are making decisions about determine intermediate values. This DEM was used to inter- where (spatially) and in what types of habitats to roost. The polate daily water level across the sublake basin from central authors use GPS coordinates collected from Argos PTT units water level data provided by Poyang Lake Nature Reserve attached to the birds before their initial release and wet- (PLNR). Water level data, water turbidity, distance from human land habitat data from the Wisconsin DNR to calculate the development, and zooplankton and macrobenthos biomass preference for certain wetland classifications. These data are densities were used in a geographically-weighted multivariate informing WCEP on matters of release methods and training regression with an annual time step. Both across and within methods for new cohorts of reintroduced whooping cranes. years, P. leucorodia flocks showed significant clustering and Working Power Line Rights of Way to Enhance were correlated with winter water level and summer water tur- Habitat for Declining Early Successional Bird Species bidity. Proximity to human settlement did not appear to affect P. leucorodia populations. These results will be used to gener- Presenter(s): Margaret Fowle, National Audubon ate species distribution models for use by PLNR staff and will Bird species that rely on early successional habitat have provide valuable information for ongoing impact assessments been showing long-term region-wide declines, including of the proposed dam at the outlet of Poyang Lake. the Eastern Towhee, Field Sparrow, Prairie Warbler Golden- 39 Session Descriptions Saturday, July 12 (continued)

11:00 am–noon The Fire Risk/Hazard Reduction and Conservation Benefits of Patch Mosaic vs. Fuels Reduction Burning Paper Session Presenter(s): Brean Duncan, Kennedy Space Center Ecological Program Forest and Fire II Prescribed fire is critically important to maintain habitat for fire- Room: Toyon dependent native species. Fuels reduction to reduce fire risk is the most frequent justification for funding and conducting pre- Using GIS and LANDFIRE to Assess Large-Scale scribed fire. However, fuel reduction fire prescriptions homog- Fire Needs enize fuel age structure/habitat and often minimize or ignore Presenter(s): Sarah Hagen, The Nature Conservancy ecological considerations. Patch mosaic burning is being implemented globally as a means to increase heterogeneity As states and organizations move toward more robust fire to mimic natural fire regime results. Resulting pyrodiversity programs, the first step is often to implement a Fire Needs may encourage and support higher rates of biological diver- Assessment. These assessments help make the case for sity within landscapes. We combine Geographic Information restoring fire to departed ecosystems and can inform fire Systems and a spatial fire event model to determine which management strategies. One resource that exists for states managed fire regime (fuels reduction or patch mosaic) reduces and organizations creating or revising their fire programs is The fire extent/fire risk most effectively. After running over Landscape Fire and Resource Management Planning Tools 700 simulations at different spatial scales and different fuel Project, also known as LANDFIRE. We will demonstrate how configurations, the model indicated that patch mosaic fire simple GIS techniques combined with LANDFIRE Program reduces fire size/fire risk more effectively than fuel reduction products can assess the historic role of fire on a large scale prescribed fire. The smallest average fuel reduction fire size landscape and how that role compares to current conditions. was 50% of the study site while the smallest average patch mosaic fire size was 12% of the study site. To highlight the Assessing Potential Climage Change Impacts on Private Forestland in the Conterminous United States significance of these findings we combined the results with outcomes from existing studies on natural fire regimes and a Presenter(s): Greg Liknes, USDA Forest Service fire dependent habitat specialist, the Florida Scrub-Jay. This Forests are constantly being reshaped by a patchwork of biotic process indicates that it may be possible to improve the and abiotic disturbances. Owners and stewards of forest land ecological effectiveness of fire management, at least in east will ultimately make decisions on how to adapt to or mitigate central Florida. the effect of these disturbances based on their own values and goals for the land. In the conterminous United States, nearly two-thirds of forest land is held in private ownership. The 11:00 am–noon Forests on the Edge (FOTE) project seeks to document and to communicate the impact of a variety of pressures on private Technical Workshop forestland and to place this information in the hands of deci- Room: Heather sion makers. As part of a current FOTE project, we examine potential impacts resulting from a suite of pressures that could Introduction to ArcGIS Pro increase under a climate change scenario. Using nationwide, Presenter(s): Miriam Schmidts, Esri publicly-available, peer-reviewed datasets and methods, we ArcGIS Pro is a new application in ArcGIS 10.3 for Desktop. conducted a GIS-based assessment of changes to forest land Besides ArcMap, ArcCatalog, ArcScene, and ArcGlobe, the new due to wildfire, insects and diseases, extreme weather, shifting ArcGIS Pro application has been designed as a premier applica- species ranges, and others. We discuss the relative potential tion for visualizing, editing, and performing analysis using local impact of these factors as well as uncertainty in the projections. content or content from your ArcGIS Online or Portal for ArcGIS organization repository. Content can be authored in both 2D

40 and 3D and published as feature, map and analysis services, 3D Applying ModelBulider for Multi-Species Habitat web scenes, and web maps. ArcGIS Pro supports project-centric Assessment under Modeled Conservation Scenarios workflows, multiple views, and multiple layouts of the same in Upper Michigan map. It is a 64-bit, multithreaded application with a modern user Presenter(s): Kristina Nixon, Wisconsin Department of experience that runs on the Windows platform. This workshop Natural Resources will teach the fundamental concepts of ArcGIS Pro and give you Conservation strategies with goals of supporting diverse a quick start on key workflows such as mapping and visualization, habitat needs often lead to unmeasured trade-offs of GIS data editing, and geoprocessing. managing for one species over another. We considered the effectiveness of alternative conservation strategies in 2:00 pm–3:30 pm an Upper Michigan landscape by their ability to provide habitat for multiple target species. From previously modeled landscape scenarios of four conservation strategies, we Paper Session evaluated habitat availability for five target bird species of local conservation concern. Using a repeatable sequence of Conservation Methods and Apps I geoprocessing tools with ArcGIS ModelBuilder, we classified Room: Chapel the landscape output maps into habitat classes for each species based on habitat requirements and quantified availability Good Practices in the Use of Marxan for Systematic with Fragstats. Resulting maps show available habitat and can Spatial Conservation Planning reveal gains and losses for each species over time. Scenarios Presenter(s): Heather Coleman, PacMARA (Pacific Marine Analysis were ranked based on combined relative performance of and Research Association) three habitat metric results for each species. The final overall Marxan spatial planning software (hosted by the University of rank for each scenario was generally related to harvest inten- Queensland) supports systematic conservation and resource use sity, although ranks were not consistent across all response planning, particularly for the creation of protected area networks. variables. Relative species sensitivity to the scenarios also Using Marxan or Marxan with Zones, planners can identify an did not match expectations, with the more habitat generalist efficient system of conservation or other management areas that species showing the highest sensitivity. The approach here represents a suite of biodiversity targets for a minimal socioeco- provides a simple and rapid method for repeating multiple nomic “cost.” Many challenging decisions are inherent to solving species habitat assessments from a series of map outputs. this minimum set problem, including setting targets, determining Conservation planners could use similar approaches for iden- appropriate cost values, and working with stakeholders to under- tifying trade-offs aimed at optimizing protection for a variety stand the role and outputs of a decision support tool. Technical of target species. considerations for successful Marxan and Marxan with Zones use are also under-discussed considering the popularity and wide The SMART Toolbox for Anti-Poaching usage of the tool, and good practices in both areas deserve Presenter(s): Chris Nicholas, Consultant more attention. Teaching managerial and technical Marxan This presentation introduces the Spatial Modeling and courses internationally has provided insight into challenges Reporting Tool (SMART), a collaborative effort by major and problems faced by most Marxan users in any context. This NGOs, zoos, and other stakeholders specifically designed presentation will include a quick overview of Marxan as a tool for to simplify field data collection and reporting workflows to systematic spatial conservation planning and current good prac- combat poaching and other illegal activities. SMART enables tice considerations (e.g., target setting, socioeconomic inclusion, intuitive, icon-based collection of up-to-date field and intel- stakeholder communications, reserve design considerations like ligence data by rangers without Western European language connectivity and compactness). Examples from case studies of skills and rapid feedback and communication between innovative techniques for Marxan to solve common and unusual protected area managers and frontline enforcement staff. It systematic conservation and marine spatial planning problems quantitatively measures the impact of anti-poaching efforts in will be included. order to judge which tactics yield the best results and which

41 Session Descriptions Saturday, July 12 (continued)

ones need to be modified, thereby greatly improving the separate for hundreds of thousands of years. Javan leopard is evaluation and strategic planning of enforcement operations. listed as Critically Endangered by IUCN Red List of Threatened Lessons learned introducing the software to rangers at the Species on 2008. This status is decreasing from Indeterminate Kahuzi-Biega national park in Eastern Congo will be shared as (Groombridge 1994) then listed as Endangered in 1996. well. Open-sourced and freely obtainable, SMART currently integrates with Cybertracker and MIST, with a road map to The Distribution Pattern of Mammals of Murchison include Open DataKit (ODK) XForm. Further information can Falls National Park, Uganda be found at http://smartconservationtools.org. Presenter(s): Tomonobu Akiyama (Scholar), Field Egg Murchison Falls National Park is the largest National Park in Trials and Tribulations of Utilizing Drone (UAV) Uganda, which is only one stronghold of Ugandan giraffe in the Technology in Ecological Monitoring world. Our study set 160 trap cameras in the park with various Presenter(s): Dean Walton, University of Oregon vegetation types throughout a year. It recorded more than 90000 We are investigating the use of a Blade 350 quadcopter drone photos of animals with 54 species of mammals identified. It also combined with a Sony HDR-AS30 camera for use in ecological took the photo of a chimp which was never thought to be there. monitoring. The quadcopter was tested at several elevations In the paper, I would like to analyze the distribution pattern of from sea level up to 1,900 meters and in calm and windy condi- mammals recorded from the photo data using GIS. tions (25 kmph+). The camera records still images (~12 mega- pixel resolution) and HD video (1080i 60p) that are tagged with Habitat Selection of the First Reintroduced Giant GPS coordinates. Using this camera, we and other users can cre- Anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) Population at ate videos with embedded flight path information and animate the Iberá Natural Reserve, Northeastern Argentina the drone position onto a synced highlighted path. This feature Presenter(s): Yamil Edgardo Di Blanco (Scholar), Asociación Civil is particularly interesting for monitoring purposes. We will utilize Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico (CeIBA) our system to test specific wetlands monitoring objectives and Visualizing the distribution or ecological characteristics of in other areas sensitive to trampling. We will also conduct a rare or threatened species is necessary for effective imple- resolution test at several low altitudes to determine how well we mentation of conservation initiatives. The giant anteater can spot objects of known size using this drone-camera configu- (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) belongs to the order Xenathra and ration. Finally, we plan to develop a protocol to integrate drone inhabits the neotropical regions of Central and South America. collected data into a GIS and identify strengths and limits to our In Argentina and the world it is considered as Vulnerable methodology. These results will be presented at the meeting. species, and it has been extinguished in some regions of their distribution. In Corrientes province, northeast Argentina, giant 2:00 pm–3:30 pm anteaters has disappeared in the last century, and a recent restoration project is trying to return a population to its natural Paper Session habitat through reintroduction. The habitat selection by the first reintroduced giant anteater population was studied in Mammal Conservation I the Iberá Nature Reserve of NE Argentina, an area dominated by marshes, grasslands, savannahs and patches of forests, in Room: Acacia lands restricted to or under cattle management. Each habitat differs in canopy cover and other vegetation characteristics Identification of Conservation Needs of Javan that allowed us to create defined polygons of each habitat. Leopard (Panthera pardus melas) Eighteen animals were released and radio-tracked between Presenter(s): Hariyawan Agung Wahyudi (Scholar), HarimauKita— 2007 and 2012 for periods of 6–46 months, producing 1181 Sumatran Tiger Conservation Forum locations. To assess habitat selection Resource Selection Javan leopard (Panthera pardus melas) was recognized on the Functions were used at two spatial scales using as covariates basis of molecular markers by Miththapala et a.l (1996) and affecting selection Habitat type: Grassland, Open Savannah, Uphyrkina et al. (2001). This species was highly distinctive from Closed Savannah and Hygrophilous Forest; Distance to Forest mainland Asian forms which may indicate that it has been Edge (DFE) and Distance to a Main Road (DMR). We used the 42 RSF models to generate maps of the relative probability of of the lechwe was strongly linked to flooding levels and food occurrence of giant anteaters with (1) poor, (2) low, (3) moder- resources in the wet season habitat range. These results sug- ate, (4) good and (5) high probability of occurrence. There gest that shrub encroachment has reduced food supply for was a high positive selection towards lands without cattle. No grass-eating herbivores, particularly the endemic Kafue lechwe. important differences were found between scales among The remote sensing analysis shows that shrub encroachment RSF models. Models including Habitat type and DFE yielded has likely not reached its end yet, and hence might even further better fit. The DMR did not affect habitat selection. Even reduce the food for these herbivores in the future. though <4% of the landscape was covered by forests, this habitat type proved critically important for the species, where 2:00 pm–3:30 pm the higher probability of occurrence was concentrated in the Hygrophilous Forest or its proximity. Future reintroductions of this species should be performed in protected areas with Paper Session forests and without traditional cattle management. These characteristics may also be important causes of local extinction in Watersheds and Water Use the study site, and its consideration can ensure the sustainabil- Room: Toyon ity of wild giant anteater populations. Using GIS as the Backbone of the World’s Largest Shrub Encroachment and Flooding Patterns Water Conservation Rebate Program Influence Herbivore Seasonal Movement and Food Presenter(s): Lou Reinbold, Southern Nevada Water Authority Supply on the Kafue Flats Wetlands, Zambia Formed in 1991, the Southern Nevada Water Authority Presenter(s): Griffin Kaize Shanungu (Scholar), Zambia (SNWA) is the wholesale water provider for the cities of Wildlife Authority Southern Nevada in the Las Vegas Valley. The SNWA has Woody plant species encroachment in grassland ecosystems developed and implemented one of the most progressive and is a global phenomenon that drastically alters the vegeta- comprehensive water conservation programs in the nation. tion structure and ecosystem functioning of areas. The The flagship program of the conservation measures under- Kafue Flats—a floodplain grassland ecosystem in central taken is the WaterSmart Landscapes (WSL) program. To date Zambia—has experienced significant encroachment of woody the WSL program has provided rebates that have converted plant species by both native and invasive species in the over 160 million square feet of lawn to water-efficient landscap- last 30 years, causing negative impacts to biodiversity and ing, saving the community billions of gallons of water each year. ecosystem functioning. This study is aimed at determining the spatio-temporal spread of woody plants and assessing Field staff use a custom ArcGIS application on a daily basis to their impact on understory plant productivity and quality as calculate square footage. This custom ArcGIS application has well as establishing the spatial movement of the vulnerable been created as an ArcMap add-in. The application, called semi-aquatic antelope Kafue lechwe (Kobus leche kafuenisis) the Turf Analysis Project (TAP), is utilizing an ArcGIS server, in relation to woody encroachment, food availability and multiple data layers, and databases. TAP processes over hydrology on the Kafue Flats Floodplains. In order to achieve 3,000 rebates per year. this, the spatio-temporal spread of woody plants was deter- The application allows field staff to draw their field measure- mined using a GIS and remote sensing approach. Further, ments for use with the WaterSmart Landscapes program. the annual spatial movement of lechwe and changes in their Field measurements are taken before the turf is removed and nutritional status in relation to hydrology and food supply was once the customer has completed the landscape conversion. studied. Results showed that woody cover increased from In addition, TAP gathers data from parcel tables and reads/ 26 to 45% while open grassland areas decreased from 50 to writes to a separate web-based application that process 33% of the park area between 1986 and 2010. The encroach- rebates. When a property completes the landscape conver- ment of the shrubs significantly reduced the available biomass sion, TAP creates a separate map that is filed with the County thus reducing the food supply for herbivores in this ecosys- Recorder’s office as part of a legal Easement that guarantees tem. Furthermore, results showed that the annual migration lifetime water savings from the conversion.”

43 Session Descriptions Saturday, July 12 (continued)

Southern Nevada Water Authority’s Rates of Golf Methodology: Play Study Satellite images of Margarita Island of 2001 and 2011 will be Presenter(s): Michael Drinkwine, Southern Nevada Water Authority classified to establish ecological systems. Watersheds will be Golf courses account for nearly 7% of all municipal metered delineated using a digital elevation model, calculating from water consumption in the Las Vegas Valley. Although golf the contour lines of the maps of 1:25,000 of Nueva Esparta courses in Southern Nevada have collectively converted over State. Once obtained, basins will be intercepted with each of 36 million square feet of turf saving well over 2 billion gallons the ecosystems to delimit the area of each ecosystem within a year, opportunities exist to further conserve water without each basin; the same procedure will be carried out for other impacting a golfer’s rate and quality of play. Traditionally golf types of land use. The availability of habitat for endangered courses have identified potential areas for conversion through species will be determined, as well as the risk to human popu- discussions with maintenance and management staff. With lations depending on their proximity to water bodies. present technology, we can develop a more accurate way to Expected Results: find areas of non-functional turf to reduce or eliminate without Delineate, calculate the area and determine changes in the impacting the quality of golf play Using GPS data logging equip- coverage of basins and ecological systems. Evaluate the ment, the Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA), using growth of human population and the risks associated with this methods based on a study by the Unites States Golf Association, growth. Finally, determine habitat availability for major endan- will track golfers on the course throughout a round of golf. This gered species in the eastern part of the island. will allow SNWA staff to analyze and present the data using ArcGIS to see which areas are highly, lightly, or even unutilized. RIOS: Spatial Watershed Service Modeling to Help Optimize Water Fund Investments Conservation Status of Four Watersheds of the Eastern Side of Margarita Island Presenter(s): Stacie Wolny, Natural Capital Project Water funds are a relatively new and rapidly evolving way to Presenter(s): Pablo Lacabana (Scholar), Centro de Estudios de Ambiente Economía y Sociedad help improve both the water quality in a watershed and the livelihoods of people living there. Stakeholders, such as farm- Problem to solve: ers, water supply plants and breweries whose business relies Lack of awareness of environmental problems and conserva- on a dependable source of high-quality water, put money into tion status of the major watersheds of Nueva Esparta State, the fund, and this money is used to pay people living in the their ecological systems, availability of habitat for endangered watershed to do restoration and conservation activities, with species and the risk to human populations within basins. the goal of improving watershed services for all. Without sci- Justification: entific guidance, water funds tend to invest in these activities wherever an owner is willing, regardless of where it is located Given the large increase of human population that the eastern in the watershed. But if watershed dynamics and hydrologic side of Margarita Island is now undergoing, it becomes neces- service factors are considered, investments can be targeted sary to evaluate ecological systems in order to determine their toward areas that are likely to give the biggest bang for the function and how they are being affected, as well as to evalu- buck in terms of improved ecosystem services such as erosion ate the risk to endangered species and human populations, control, baseflow and flood mitigation. The Natural Capital caused by this uncontrolled growth, within watersheds. Project has designed the free, open-source tool RIOS to pro- General Purpose: vide a standardized, spatially-explicit, science-based approach Assess the ecological systems of the eastern basins of to watershed management around the world. It combines bio- Margarita Island using satellite images to determine coverage physical, social, and economic data to help users identify the changes and associated risks to the environment and human best locations for protection and restoration activities in order populations. Also, to divulge these results through lectures and to maximize the ecological return on investment, within the forums to establish solutions to major environmental problems. bounds of what is socially and politically feasible. I will provide an overview of RIOS and give examples of how it is being used to help guide the investments of several water funds.

44 2:00 pm–3:30 pm support renewable energy siting on the U.S. Outer Continental Shelf but is being used for a wide array of ocean-related activi- Paper Session ties. The project delivers its content through map viewers and a spatial data registry and provides analytical tools to the Energy, Pollution and Economics ocean planning community. MarineCadastre.gov has recently undergone several updates to support the growing need for Room: Heather web services, maps on the fly, and focused web and story maps. This talk will highlight some of the new features being Using GIS to Inform a Renewable Energy developed and demonstrate how the various components of Streamlining Program for San Luis Obispo County the project are being used by ocean professionals. Presenter(s): Tracy Valentovich, Aspen Environmental Group, Inc As part of the Renewable Energy Streamlining Program, which Analyzing Employment Alternatives to the Keystone was funded by a grant from the California Energy Commission’s XL Pipeline Renewable Energy Conservation Planning program, Aspen Presenter(s): Nick Lyman, Ecotrust Environmental Group assisted San Luis Obispo County and The Keystone XL is a proposed 1,179 mile pipeline that would recently prepared an Opportunities and Constraints Technical carry tar sands oil from central Alberta to the U.S. Gulf Coast Study (OCTS). This GIS-intensive study was intended to identify through Montana, South Dakota, Nebraska, Oklahoma, and the County’s renewable energy resources and to identify loca- Texas. Requiring endorsement from the U.S. State Department tions where development of those resources could be stream- and approval from President Obama, arguments for and against lined while avoiding negative impacts to the environment. The the pipeline are currently being made. One key argument in resources analyzed include aesthetics, agricultural resources, support of building the pipeline is that it would provide a jobs biological resources, land use, and other resources. Specialists in boom for the construction sector. We researched the claims and each resource area used spatial data to determine the impacts reports in support of this argument and concluded that we could that would be caused by a moderately-sized solar or wind proj- present an alternative job scenario that was focused on repairing ect; spatial data of each resource was weighted based on how failing water and gas pipeline infrastructure within the Keystone much it would potentially restrict or promote renewable energy XL states; these repairs are desperately needed and will not development. Aspen was able to overlay the weighted resource further degrade the environment. Ecotrust worked with the layers to identify REDAs where renewable development could Labor Network for Sustainability and the Economics for Equity & exist with minimal environmental impacts. A map book was cre- Environment (E3) Network to create a report titled the “Keystone ated, illustrating the locations of resources and potential REDAs, Pipeline Debate: An Alternative Job Creation Strategy.” A team which will be used to help SLO County in their planning efforts. of economists, GIS analysts, and labor organizers used the best San Luis Obispo County is one of the first counties in California available data to prepare a detailed report, pamphlets, and maps to utilize the RECPG grant to build a renewable energy streamlin- comparing the jobs created by fixing our water, sewer, and gas ing program, and as more counties pursue renewable energy pipes versus the construction and operation of the Keystone XL potential, GIS spatial analytical tools will continue to be integral pipeline. Our research found that repairing or replacing failing to such large-scale plans. water, sewer, and gas infrastructure in Keystone XL-affected states would create substantially more jobs, and longer term jobs, Supporting Offshore Energy Planning with than the proposed oil pipeline. MarineCadastre.gov Presenter(s): Lindsay Goodwin, NOAA FracTracker Alliance: Mapping Human and MarineCadastre.gov is an integrated marine information Environmental Health Impacts of the Oil and system that provides ocean data, offshore planning tools, and Gas Industry technical support to the offshore energy and marine planning Presenter(s): Karen Edelstein, FracTracker Alliance communities. The project is a collaboration of the Bureau of The pressure to extract difficult-to-access reserves of oil and Ocean Energy Management and the National Oceanic and gas in today’s energy-hungry world comes with a great cost, Atmospheric Administration and was designed specifically to economically, socially, and environmentally. The FracTracker

45 Session Descriptions Saturday, July 12 (continued)

Alliance shares maps, data, and analyses to communicate to recent transportation planning in the state. Furthermore, impacts of global oil and gas industry and inform actions that this dataset provides critical landscape context to mitiga- positively shape our energy future. In the eastern US, where tion decisions typically made at the project scale, laying the hydraulic fracturing for oil and natural gas from the Marcellus groundwork for regional offsite mitigation. and Utica Shale Formations is in full swing (in PA, OH, WV), or temporarily on hold (in NY), FracTracker Alliance staffers are A Biodiversity Indicators Dashboard: Addressing working with academic partners, community groups, and the Challenges to Monitoring Progress Toward the Aichi media, compiling data, creating maps, and encouraging dis- Biodiversity Targets cussion about the human and environmental health impacts Presenter(s): Xuemei Han, NatureServe of the oil and gas industries nation-wide. We look at drilling Recognizing the imperiled status of biodiversity, the world’s gov- activity, industries such as frac sand mining and waste dis- ernments committed in 2010 to take urgent action to halt bio- posal, political responses to fracking, and impacts on water, diversity loss through the Convention on Biological Diversity’s wildlife, and human populations. In addition, FracTracker’s “Aichi Targets.” To track progress toward Aichi targets requires efforts in California include spatial analyses of on- and off- comprehensive and easily understood information on biodiver- shore oil and gas development activity in relation to sensitive sity trends at appropriate spatial scales. To help address this environmental species and conservation areas, especially need, we envision a biodiversity “dashboard”—a visualization of located in or along the boundaries of critical and protected biodiversity indicators designed to enable tracking of biodiver- habitat, prime and important farmland, and preserves. We’ll sity and conservation performance data in a clear, user-friendly present an overview of FracTracker’s accomplishments and format. The dashboard is organized around the Pressure-State- demonstrate how we have utilized ArcGIS Online as a map- Response-Benefit framework and is being piloted with four initial ping platform to showcase and share our work. indicators to measure pressure on biodiversity (deforestation rate), state of species (Red List Index), conservation response (protection of key biodiversity areas), and benefits to human 4:00 pm–5:30 pm populations (freshwater provision). Disaggregating global data, we present dashboard maps and graphics for three geographi- Paper Session cally diverse regions of critical biodiversity concern (the Tropical Andes, the African Great Lakes, and the Greater Mekong). These Conservation Methods and Apps II visualizations provide charts showing regional and national Room: Chapel trends and lay the foundation for a web-enabled, interactive biodiversity indicators dashboard. The Biodiversity Dashboard will Spatial Science for Applying the Mitigation help track progress toward the Aichi Targets, support national Hierarchy monitoring and reporting, and inform outcome-based policy- Presenter(s): Marisa Guarinello, The Nature Conservancy making for the protection of natural resources. The Arizona Chapter of The Nature Conservancy has developed a new methodology to measure the absolute degree Is It Worth It? Developing a Decision Support Tool of human modification on the landscape. This methodology to Inform Restoration Decisions derives data from aerial imagery without the use of models Presenter(s): Jocelyn Tutak, Ecotrust and can be applied at state or regional scales to comple- Abandoned riparian gravel pits exist all over the world. The ment existing model-driven datasets on land cover and drastic landscape changes that result from their excavation landscape integrity. Using this methodology, we catalogued disrupt hydrologic flows, destroy native fish habitat, and the intensity and type of human modification across the state foster invasive species. In western North America, gravel pit of Arizona (84,631 mi 2). We are using these data to identify restoration efforts are increasingly undertaken as a holistic contiguous patches of intact lands and vegetation classes, approach to restoring complex, dynamic river habitat. How can providing a refinement to existing habitat coverage data. practitioners and funders make informed decisions to invest These data have already been instrumental in our response limited resources in potential gravel pit restoration projects?

46 To answer this question, Ecotrust is currently developing an 4:00 pm–5:30 pm online decision support tool with The Nature Conservancy to facilitate the choice to commit resources to riparian gravel Paper Session mine restoration. We are using TNC’s current work on the Willamette Confluence project in Oregon to develop the initial Mammal Conservation II approach, but the tool will be applicable to other regions Room: Acacia where similar gravel mine operations exist. Decision support tools are becoming increasingly valuable in the conservation Relative Importance of Landscape Parameters in movement. They can help us to make informed decisions that Determining African Elephants (Loxodonta africana) deal with both complex and non-existent datasets, as well as Directional Movement Decisions ++ uncertainty. Dynamic, web-based decision support tools can Presenter(s): Miriam Tsalyuk, University of California, Berkeley also help to document the decision-making process and share potential outcomes. We will discuss our analytical approach, Understanding how movement decisions of individual ani- the tool development process, and its underlying decision sup- mals are related to their surrounding landscape can promote port approach, Bayesian Belief Networks. the conservation of species and their habitat. In southern Africa, restricting the movement of African elephants Spatial Patterns in Greater Sage-Grouse Exposure (Loxodonta africana) is causing vegetation degradation and to Recent Climate Change increased human-wildlife conflict. Here, we examine what is Presenter(s): Matthew Kling, EcoClim the relative importance of detailed landscape parameters in determining elephants’ movement direction and speed. We The greater sage-grouse (GRSG) (Centrocercus urophasianus) used 15 GPS collars in Etosha National Park, Namibia, and has experienced major population declines over the past century detailed satellite-driven information on vegetation, water, and is currently among the most politically contentious species roads and fences. We analyzed directional and speed move- in North America. GRSG is dependent upon sagebrush habitats ment response of the elephants to environmental parameters, (Artemisia spp.), which have also experienced extensive degrada- by combining step selection function and conditional logistic tion and conversion. Studies have suggested that future climate regression. Our results show that elephants prefer to walk change may be an additional significant stressor on sagebrush into areas with higher annual maximum but lower variability ecosystems, but conclusions are couched in long time frames of productivity. Medium cover of Mopani or Acacia trees was and large global climate model uncertainties. With the GRSG the preferred habitat type. Further, we found that elephants being considered for listing under the Endangered Species Act, stay closer to water resources and closer to fences and information is needed now about the potential impact of climate roads. The sex of the individual and the season affected how change on sagebrush ecosystems. We analyzed spatial varia- elephants responded to the landscape. Interestingly, these tion in recent climate trends across GRSG habitat to understand results persisted at different temporal resolutions but were how climate change is already unfolding in this ecosystem. For sensitive to spatial scale. We show that combining detailed the years 1950 to 2012, we applied nonparametric trend detec- landscape maps and both movement direction and speed tion tests to each pixel of a high-resolution gridded climate time can be used to improve the understanding of how wildlife series interpolated from weather station records (PRISM). This respond to natural and anthropogenic landscape features. analysis describes the rate, magnitude, and spatial and temporal distribution of directional trends in climate across U.S. sagebrush Decline and Consequences—The Loss of Forest habitat over the last 60+ years. Trend significance across months Elephants in Central Africa and climate variables was merged to generate an index of overall Presenter(s): Fiona Maisels, WCS climate change exposure per pixel. These results identify locations of relatively high and low climate change already being Forest elephants play a vital role in the structure, diversity, experienced across the GRSG range. These spatial climate and composition of African tropical forests. They are “ecosys- trend analyses can inform the efforts of local, state, and federal tem engineers” and “forest gardeners,” dispersing the seeds resource managers currently focusing on strategies for conserv- of fruiting trees over large distances and creating trails and ing the GRSG and the sagebrush habitat it requires. forest clearings. A collation of extensive surveys (> 13,800

47 Session Descriptions Saturday, July 12 (continued)

kilometres walked) across forest elephant range showed that habitats needed for the diminishing population of North both their numbers and range had diminished very rapidly due American porcupines in California. to increased poaching, driven by high ivory prices in the Far East that now reaches into the most remote corners of the continent. Effect of Primary Productivity on Guanaco (Lama Generalized Additive Modelling techniques were used to ana- guanicoe) Distribution and Abundance in Northern lyze the dataset covering the period 2002–2013 together with Patagonia, Argentina known or suspected drivers of elephant density and distribution. Presenter(s): Lara Heidel (Scholar), Wildlife Conservation Society The best of these spatio-temporal models were used to predict Vegetation primary productivity is an ecological factor that forest elephant density and range change. Results suggest could determinate the spatial distribution of wild ungulates. that 65% of the world’s forest elephants had been killed in the Our goal is to assess the effect of vegetation primary pro- intervening period, that they had mostly vanished from a third ductivity on abundance and spatial distribution of guanacos of their 2002 range, and that the rate of loss—a shocking 9% in Auca Mahuida Natural Reserve. The area is dominated per year—showed no sign of slowing down. The enormous shift by shrubby vegetation at low elevation and grassy steppe in elephant density and distribution means that huge areas of on the Auca Mahuida Volcano slopes. In summer and winter the Central African forests are now virtually empty of elephants. of 2009 we carried out 34 line transects, averaging 5 km This comes with dire ecological consequences, as much of the length, and recorded guanaco observations (Nsummer=1318 Central African forests will lose the elephant-dispersed trees, y Nwinter=301). We used 0,5 x 0,5 resolution degree images with effects on the rest of the fruit-eating community, including of Normalized Different Vegetation Index (NDVI) as a pri- primates, ungulates, and large frugivorous birds. mary productivity index and extracted an NDVI value for the central point of each transect. Using a Poisson regression we North American Porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum) found that guanaco records were significantly higher in higher Habitat Suitability at Multiple Scales ++ productivity areas in summer (Wald X²(1)= 353,7; p<0,001) Presenter(s): Tina Nguyen, Humboldt State University and in winter (Wald X²(1)= 55,9; p<0,001). Guanaco spatial Habitat suitability models combine observations of spe- distribution and abundance were associated with vegeta- cies occurrence or abundance with maps of environmental tion primary productivity at this spatial and temporal analysis variables to produce estimates of relative use. However, the scale. Other studies had found a negative association at a relationship between species occurrence and its environ- regional scale between primary productivity and guanaco ment is known to vary at multiple scales. The North American presence. Contrasting results at local and regional scales can porcupine is considered a generalist at a large spatial scale. help us to generate hypotheses to better understand human However, at local levels the North American porcupine impacts on the species. exhibits fine scale habitat and diet requirements. Here, we create two habitat suitability models comparing continental 4:00 pm–5:30 pm and local distribution for the North American Porcupine. At the continental level, our distribution model reveals the physiological and climatic limitations of the North American Paper Session Porcupine. At the local level, our model is driven by the behavior of the North American Porcupine. We use “partici- River Conservation pant science” observations and museum records to construct Room: Toyon a model of coastal California that includes Humboldt, Trinity, and Del Norte counties. The differing scales of the models National Wild and Scenic Rivers Database reveal additional insight about porcupine biology and habitat Presenter(s): Sandy Margriter, National Park Service selection at the local level in a unique environment. This work The National Wild and Scenic Rivers System was created in reaffirms the importance of considering scale when mapping 1968 in order to preserve the free-flowing condition of rivers habitat suitability for a species of concern. Understanding identified as having outstanding natural, cultural, and recre- habitat suitability at the local versus continental level will bet- ational values. Presently, the National Park Service is working ter help wildlife biologists manage and conserve appropriate with Federal partners to develop a national geodatabase 48 of all U.S. Wild and Scenic Rivers. Within the NPS database, cies and consultants, WDFW is conducting several studies linear referencing technology is being used to dynamically on the baseline conditions and potential effects of the dam segment rivers by attributes such as river classification, out- on aquatic and riparian communities. These studies include standingly remarkable values, and National Hydrology Data intensive surveys of index reaches in 2 sub-watersheds, PIT unique identifiers. The products are made available via an tagging and radio telemetry of anadromous and resident internal interactive web map that provides NPS managers salmonids, redd surveys, and a longitudinal riverscape snorkel with easy access to information on each river’s classification survey covering 77 km of the upper and middle reaches of the and outstandingly remarkable values. mainstem Chehalis which recorded biological and habitat data The goal is to eventually provide public access to a national by 200 m segments. These data were linear referenced on the geodatabase of all Wild and Scenic Rivers. hydrography and integrated with hi-resolution LiDAR derived DEMs, Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR) imagery, several years Developing Online Geocollaborative Tools to of orthophotography, and other thematic data including land Support Springs and Springs-Dependent Species cover, species observations, riparian classifications, and flow/ Management inundation data. This presentation will cover the GIS integra- Presenter(s): Jeri Ledbetter, Springs Stewardship Institute tion, spatial modeling, data visualization, and some preliminary analyses of the riverscape data. Springs—ecosystems where groundwater reaches the Earth’s surface—are among the most biologically, culturally, and Basin (holistic) Approach to the Analysis of Geo- economically important water resources. Many endangered, Ecological Problems of Amur River rare, or endemic species are found only at springs. Given the Presenter(s): Evgeny Egidarev (Scholar), World Wildlife Fund interactions between temperature, precipitation, infiltration, and aquifer dynamics, springs are also sensitive indicators of On the basis of cartographic information we have, we had global climage change. Yet while much attention and funding made a holistic analysis of main natural objects state in the has been devoted to rivers and streams, springs ecosystems region and identified main threats to them. Results will be have been largely overlooked in conservation, research, and fundament for a new conservation strategy for freshwater eco- management. Springs are poorly understood, incompletely systems for nature protection organizations. Strategy reflects mapped, and inadequately protected. This lack of informa- main priorities and concrete actions, which will be supported tion and attention has resulted in the loss of many springs in order to prevent environmental degradation in the region. and springs-dependent species due to poor management practices. Existing information is minimal, fragmented, and 4:00 pm–5:30 pm largely unavailable to land managers, Tribes, conservation organizations, and researchers. We have compiled information about springs and springs-related species and devel- Technical Workshop oped standardized mapping and rapid assessment protocols, Room: Heather a user-friendly online database, and secure geocollaborative web mapping applications that are allowing land managers to Understanding Projections for ArcGIS access and contribute to this information resource. Presenter(s): John Schaeffer, Juniper GIS This presentation will take the mystery out of projections, Riverscape Survey of the Chehalis River, WA coordinate systems, and datums. We’ll start with an overview Presenter(s): Andrew Weiss, Washington Department of Fish of coordinate system terminology and concepts, and then and Wildlife specifically discuss how these concepts and issues apply to GIS After devastating floods in 2007 and 2009 on the Chehalis and also how to apply this knowledge correctly in ArcGIS. This River in western Washington that closed Interstate 5 for 4 days presentation is useful for anyone working with GIS or GPS and and flooded the towns of Centralia and Chehalis, a dam has is especially useful for people who need to understand how to been proposed for the upper Chehalis as either a flood control work with coordinate systems and projecting data in ArcGIS. structure or as a multi-purpose (hydropower, irrigation) dam. As part of a Phase 1 impact study involving multiple agen- 49 SCGIS Domestic and International Scholars

The SCGIS International Scholarship Program is not a typical scholarship program. It is designed to allow conservation GIS practitioners from all over the world to travel to California for four weeks to attend the Esri User Conference and SCGIS Annual Conference and receive two weeks of GIS training specifically designed and pro- grammed for the scholarship recipients. The Society for Conservation GIS would like to extend its warmest welcome to all the 2014 conference scholarship awardees and encourages conference participants to greet this year’s scholars and attend their presentations to find out more about their conservation projects: • Alejandra Betancourt Rial, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Sciences (ICAE) • Alejandro Rubén Vila, Wildlife Conservation Society • Alphonce Blass Mallya, The Nature Conservancy • Evgeny Egidarev, World Wildlife Fund • Griffin Kaize Shanungu, Zambia Wildlife Authority • Hariyawan Agung Wahyudi, HarimauKita—Sumatran Tiger Conservation Forum • Irina Danilova, Transparent World • Lara Heidel, Wildlife Conservation Society • Laura Rodríguez Yakisich, Moises Bertoni Foundation • M Abdullah Abu Diyan, Bangladesh Cetacean Diversity Project • Mervyn Lotter, Mpumalanga Tourism & Parks Agency • Oldy Arnoldy Arby, Forum Tata Ruang • Pablo Lacabana, Centro de Estudios de Ambiente Economía y Sociedad • Pascal Nalimanana Rabeson, Centre ValBio/Institute for Conservation of Tropical Environments • Rangikauhoe Markus Heke, Nga Whenua Rahui • Solofo Eric Rakotoarisoa, Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre • Svetlana Vinokurova, Azov-Black Sea Ornithological Station • Tomaž Šturm, Slovenia Forest Service • Tomonobu Akiyama, Field Egg • Tuguldur Enkhtsetseg, The Nature Conservancy • Yamil Edgardo Di Blanco, Asociación Civil Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico (CeIBA)

50 2014 SCGIS Board of Directors

The board of directors is the governing body of SCGIS. The board is responsible for steering the society and has all final decision-making authority for the society. Members of the board of directors are elected every three years. Once a complete board is elected, members of the board elect the president, vice president, treasurer, and secretary. Officers are in office for one year. Elections usually occur after the annual conference in July.

President Members Eric Sandoval Robert Rose Sandoval and Associates, LLC Wildlife Conservation Society

Vice President Lucy Chege-Waruingi African Conservation Centre, Kenya Karen Beardsley University of California, Davis Adriana Paese GIS Consultant Treasurer Paul Angelino Doreen Whitley The Nature Conservancy, USA National Audubon Society Healy Hamilton Secretary NatureServe Carolyn Hughes Sandra Coveny The Nature Conservancy PC Trask and Associates 2013–2014 Advisory Council

The SCGIS Advisory Council supports the Board of Directors in its duties and decision making. The Advisory Council members are elected every three years. Elections usually occur after the annual conference in July.

Advisory Council Roberta Pickert Leslie Backus Archbold Biological Station Chrysalis Biology Lisa Pierce Charles Convis Redlands Conservancy Esri Conservation Program John Schaeffer Mike Engels Juniper GIS AudaExplore Gillian Woolmer Prashant Hedao Wildlife Conservation Society, Auroville, India/Esri Conservation Program Canada Lata Iyer Alexander Yumakaev Auroville Esri Conservation Program Susan Miller The Nature Conservancy 51 SCGIS Committees

Domestic Chapters Committee Purpose: The Domestic Chapters Committee facilitates the creation of local SCGIS chapters in the United States that support the mission of SCGIS. Explore the profiles of each of the SCGIS chapters and browse chapter events. Chair: Janet Nackoney

Communications Committee Purpose: The Communications Committee is responsible for the coordination of all offi- cial correspondence to/from SCGIS and communication tasks that lie outside the scope of other committees. Examples include handling formal requests to/from other societies; ensuring consistency between and within the SCGIS newsletter, brochures, announcements, and website; handling or routing all requests from members directed to the society; and assisting in newsletter development, under the direction of the newsletter editor in chief. Chair: Rosemary Fasselin

Conference Committee Purpose: The Conference Committee organizes the annual SCGIS conference, which promotes information exchange and networking among conservation GIS professionals and students. The committee chairperson coordinates important decisions about the conference such as site selection, dates, and agenda with the board and other committees in addition to reporting monthly to the treasurer. Chairs: David Asbury, Lori Pelech, and Robert Rose

Fund-raising Committee Purpose: The Fund-raising Committee works on expanding SCGIS membership and general fund-raising through marketing plans, writing fund-raising proposals, and adver- tisements. In addition, the committee conducts an SCGIS user community assessment identifying strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Chair: Michelle Kinzel

52 International Committee Purpose: The International Committee fosters communication and networking among conservationist, GIS professionals, and students through a well-defined scholarship program; the development and support of regional groups; and the creation of scholarship programs, training and technical support programs, and a number of other activities. Chair: Charles Convis

Membership Committee Purpose: The Membership Committee manages all SCGIS memberships, new and old. Activities include maintaining the membership database and addressing any membership issues that may arise. In addition, the Membership Committee mails the SCGIS newsletter to new members and current members who didn’t attend the annual conference. Chair: Miriam Schmidts

Website Committee Purpose: The Website Committee is responsible for the management and function of the SCGIS Listserv and website. The Website Committee ensures that all information representing SCGIS on the website is accurate and has been approved by the SCGIS Board of Directors. Members of this committee are responsible for maintenance and upgrades to technical infrastructure and any other technical tasks deemed necessary. Chair: Bridget Conneely

53 Attendee Listing

Tommy Albo Sarah Boyle Oregon Metro Rhodes College [email protected] [email protected]

Deborah Andrade-Trask Tim Burkhart IHA University of Northern British Columbia [email protected] [email protected]

Kristin Andruchow Bart Butterfield Matrix Solutions Inc. Idaho Department of Fish and Game [email protected] [email protected]

Paul Angelino Wan-Hwa Cheng The Nature Conservancy University of Central Florida [email protected] [email protected]

David Asbury Jamie Chesser Esri The Nature Conservancy [email protected] [email protected]

Josiah Ayotamuno Cheryl Chetkiewicz [email protected] Wildlife Conservation Society Canada [email protected] Connor Bailey National Audubon Society Ashley Ciglar [email protected] UC Irvine [email protected] Beyene Bayisa [email protected] Melissa Clark The Nature Conservancy—Eastern Karen Beardsley Conservation Science Information Center for the Environment [email protected] (ICE), University of California, Davis [email protected] Patrick Clinton U.S. EPA Brian Bishop [email protected] [email protected] Kevin Cody Joseph Bishop American River College Dept. of Geography [email protected] [email protected] Ben Coleman Lori Bossert Catalina Island Conservancy Matrix Solutions Inc. [email protected] [email protected]

54 Charles Convis Charlie Endris Esri Elkhorn Slough Foundation [email protected] [email protected]

Rocheteau Coqmard Esther Essoudry GCCS University of San Francisco, CA [email protected] [email protected]

Emily Cowles Chad Freed Austin Community College Widener University [email protected] [email protected]

Barnabas Daru Tracy Fuller University of Johannesburg, South Africa US Geological Survey [email protected] [email protected]

Linda DeLay Lindsay Goodwin Natural Resource Institute NOAA [email protected] [email protected]

Michael Drinkwine Patrick Grady Southern Nevada Water Authority PICCC/PICSC [email protected] [email protected]

Jan Ducnuigeen Marisa Guarinello ICPRB The Nature Conservancy [email protected] [email protected]

Brean Duncan Eric Guinther Kennedy Space Center Ecological Program AECOS Inc [email protected] [email protected]

Karen Edelstein Sarah Hagen FracTracker Alliance The Nature Conservancy [email protected] [email protected]

Laura Eliassen Healy Hamilton CEMML NatureServe [email protected] [email protected]

Asmerom Tesfay Embaye Jacquelyn Hancock University of Johannesburg Vernadero Group, Inc. [email protected] [email protected]

55 Attendee Listing

Rick Harris Matthew Kling Southern Nevada Water Authority EcoClim [email protected] [email protected]

Whakarae Henare Sheikh Koroma Nga Whenua Rahui National Water Sanitation and Hygiene [email protected] Promotion Committee [email protected] Mariana Hernández Provita Katherine Krieger [email protected] Audubon California [email protected] Peter Hiemstra New Zealand Department of Conservation Deepak Kumar [email protected] Central University of Karnataka, Gulbarga [email protected] Kerry Holcomb USFWS Michelle Kupenga [email protected] Nga Whenua Rahui [email protected] Carolyn Hughes The Nature Conservancy Danielle LaBruna [email protected] Wildlife Conservation Society [email protected] Paola Johanna Isaacs Cubides Instituto Alexander von Humboldt Mumbere Lango [email protected] Tayna Center for Conservation Biology [email protected] Rochelle James The University of Sydney Wayne Law [email protected] The New York Botanical Garden [email protected] Elizabeth Kiernan New York Botanical Garden Jeri Ledbetter [email protected] Springs Stewardship Institute [email protected] Melodi King University of Redlands Zhong Li [email protected] Environment Canada [email protected] Megan Klein University of Redlands MS GIS [email protected]

56 Greg Liknes Lynette Niebrugge USDA Forest Service Marin Resource Conservation District [email protected] [email protected]

Kermit Lund Catriona O’Neill [email protected] [email protected]

Nick Lyman Nasser Olwero Ecotrust World Wildlife Fund [email protected] [email protected]

Fiona Maisels Augustine Osabohien Wildlife Conservation Society sc.gis [email protected] [email protected]

Sandy Margriter Cynthia Padula National Park Service Recent graduate [email protected] [email protected]

David Marquardt Lori Pelech USDA: Economic Research Service US Fish and Wildlife Service [email protected] [email protected]

Percy Milner Roland Pomana Nga Whenua Rahui Nga Whenua Rahui [email protected] [email protected]

Dorn Moore Roger Pugliese International Crane Foundation SAFMC [email protected] [email protected]

Richard Mulenga Trevor Reid [email protected] The Nature Conservancy of Canada [email protected] Tina Nguyen Humboldt State University Louis Reinbold [email protected] Southern Nevada Water Authority [email protected] Chris Nicholas IAIA.org Nicholas Reseburg [email protected] Center for Ecosystem Management and Restoration [email protected]

57 Attendee Listing

Robert Rose Lawrence Stevens Wildlife Conservation Society Museum of Northern Arizona [email protected] [email protected]

Molly Sandomire Vanessa Stevens TRC Solutions BioMaAs [email protected] [email protected]

Eric Sandoval Iris Stewart-Frey Sandoval & Associates LLC Santa Clara University [email protected] [email protected]

Miriam Schmidts Beth Stone Esri East Bay Regional Park District [email protected] [email protected]

Brian Shepard Samantha Strindberg Clean Water Services Wildlife Conservation Society [email protected] [email protected]

Janet Silbernagel Zhen Sui University of Wisconsin-Madison, Nelson Mississippi State University Institute for Environmental Studies (Department of Forestry) [email protected] [email protected]

Gillian Silvertand Benjamin Sullender The Nature Conservancy University of Wisconsin [email protected] [email protected]

Jake Smith Shellye Suttles Santa Clara Valley Open Space Authority USDA Economic Research Service [email protected] [email protected]

Stephanie Smith Brian Tavernia Grand Canyon Trust USGS [email protected] [email protected]

Meg Southee Christine Taylor Wildlife Conservation Society Canada BOEM [email protected] [email protected]

58 Aimee Teaby Nathan Walker CSU Monterey Bay Audubon Alaska [email protected] [email protected]

Sage Tezak Dean Walton Gulf of the Farallones National Marine University of Oregon Sanctuary [email protected] [email protected] Bryson Webber Heather Thams USDA-Wildlife Services CSU Monterey Bay [email protected] [email protected] Xiaofang Wei Robert Thomas Central State University Fort Benning, GA/Bordercats Working [email protected] Group Stuart Weiss [email protected] Creekside Center for Earth Observation Dean Tonenna [email protected] Bureau of Land Management Doreen Whitley [email protected] National Audubon Society Miriam Tsalyuk [email protected] University of California, Berkeley David Will [email protected] Island Conservation Jocelyn Tutak [email protected] Ecotrust Tamara Wilson [email protected] U.S. Geological Survey Kent van Wagtendonk [email protected] Yosemite NP U Win [email protected] Winners Circle Consulting Liz van Wagtendonk [email protected] Sierra Nevada Conservancy Sean Windell [email protected] CSUMB Tewodros Wakie [email protected] CSU Jason Winner [email protected] Scenic Hudson [email protected]

59 Attendee Listing

Jason Winner Scenic Hudson [email protected]

Stacie Wolny Natural Capital Project [email protected]

Dan Yocum SeaSketch [email protected]

Karen Youngblood The Campbell Group [email protected]

Alexander Yumakaev Esri [email protected]

Sumaira Zafar Institute of Space Technology [email protected]

Weihua Zeng Beijing Normal University [email protected]

60 Notes

61 Acknowledgments

The 2014 SCGIS Conference would not have been possible without the efforts of many great individuals. It is impossible to acknowledge everyone who has played a role in making this conference a success. However, there are a few people and groups that deserve special recognition: • Many thanks to Esri for its generosity in providing resources and support. • Pingkham Rattanababpha and her team at Esri provided extensive organizational and logistical support for this year’s event. Her hard work and Esri’s generosity gave us this agenda, our signage, and fully installed laptops for the preconference workshops and registration. • The SCGIS web team. They provided constant and reliable support throughout the conference planning process and beyond. • Our preconference workshop instructors: John Schaeffer, Patti Bailey, and Andrew Hill who gave of their own time and resources to be with us this week and share their incredible knowledge. • Sasha Yumakaev for his masterful planning of the SCGIS Scholarship Program. We are grateful for all the hard work and personal investment that makes the Scholarship Program such a success. • Charles Convis, whose extraordinary support has made SCGIS what it is today. Among other things, he is responsible for categorizing all abstracts into sessions (a monumental task), and was instrumental in securing this year’s conference logo and T-shirt design.

62 SCGIS Community

Esri, the Esri globe logo, ArcPad, ArcScene, ArcGlobe, ArcCatalog, ArcGIS, ArcMap, ArcPy, ArcSDE, ArcView, and ModelBuilder are trademarks, service marks, or registered marks of Esri in the United States, the European Community, or certain other jurisdictions. Other companies and products or services mentioned herein may be trademarks, service marks, or registered marks of their respective mark owners. Conference Grounds Map

FACILITY ROOM # MEETING ROOMS LOC. Longviews (H-21) Longview North 101-110 North Living Room H-22 Longview Middle 111-120 H-21 Longview South 121-130 South Living Room I-19 North Woods (G-18) Willow Inn 1025-1036 Heather G-19 Manzanita 1001-1012 Toyon H-18

Bon re Pit Oak Knoll 1013-1024 Acacia H-17 View Crescent (E-15) Whitecaps South 801-808 Marlin F-14 Whitecaps North 809-820 F-15 Breakers East 821-832 Curlew F-16 Breakers West 833-840 Dolpin E-16 Spindrift South 841-848 Sanderling D-15 Spindrift North 849-856 D-16 Surf and Sand Fireside (O-10) Afterglow 1301-1312 Fred Farr Forum M-9 Hearth 1325-1336 Kiln N-10 Embers 1313-1324 N-9 Guest Inn 901-903 M-8 Forest Lodge (M-10) Forest Lodge 1201-1211 Acorn O-10 Evergreen P-11 Woodside 1212-1223 Oak Shelter P-8 Historic Core Lodge 201-218 H-14 Scripps 301-323 Scripps Meeting Rm H-15 Stuck-Up Inn (Hilltop) 401-414 K-10 Pirates’ Den (Tide Inn) 501-510 G-6 Director’s Cottage 1401-1403 J-18 (Pinecrest) Disabled Parking Viewpoint Viewpoint East I-11 Group Sales Office I-11 Merrill Hall G-8 Chapel D-14 Front Desk & Park Store / Phoebe A. Hearst Social Hall F-10 Ave. Crocker Dining Hall Crocker, Woodlands D-9 Asilomar & Seascape Asilomar Engineer’s Cottage (Outside Inn) J-8 Ave. Fire Academy Offices J-8 Sea Galaxy (G-4) Sand 605-610 Surf & Sand Room E-6 Surf 601-604 E-4 Windward 701-708 Triton H-4 Shores 709-716 H-3 Cypress 717-724 Nautilus H-2 Pathways Eastwoods (M-4) Live Oak 1101-1110 M-5 Tree Tops 1111-1120 N-5 Deer Lodge 1121-1130 N-3 FOREST William Penn Mott Jr. Training Center N-7 LODGE Madrone M-7 Activity Locations Barbecue Area C-10 Swimming Pool D-21 Volleyball Court F-4 Corporation Yard Facilities J-6 Housekeeping D-19 Woodhaven – Park Ranger Office O-7

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