Houston Data on the Your to Guide Infrastructure Government Economy PARTNERSHIP GREATER 2020 Demographics Quality ofLife Industries Education HOUSTON FACTS GOVERNMENT...... 33 City of Houston...... 33 TABLE OF Metro Area Counties ...... 33 Government...... 34 ABOUT THE Local Council of Governments...... 34 HOUSTON PARTNERSHIP CONTENTS U.S. Congress...... 34 The mission of the Greater Houston Partnership is to make Taxation...... 35 FACTS Houston one of the world’s best places to live, work and INTRODUCTION...... 4 Public Safety...... 35 build a business. The Partnership works to make Houston greater by promoting economic development, foreign trade GEOGRAPHY ...... 5 Libraries ...... 35 and investment, and by advocating for efficient and effective government that supports, rather than impedes, business HOUSTON IN PERSPECTIVE...... 6 EDUCATION...... 36 growth. The Partnership also convenes key stakeholders to 2020 Population...... 6 Elementary and Secondary Education ...... 37 solve the region’s most pressing issues. Area ...... 6 Higher Education...... 37 The Partnership was formed in 1989 through the merger of (c) 2020 Greater Houston Partnership the Greater Houston Chamber of Commerce, the Houston Economy ...... 7 Economic Development Council and the Houston World INFRASTRUCTURE...... 38 Data in Houston Facts 2020 are current as Trade Association. Today, the Partnership serves the DEMOGRAPHICS...... 8 Utilities...... 38 of June 2020 unless otherwise noted. 11-county greater Houston region and represents a member Houston Facts is a registered trademark Population and People...... 8 Land Transportation...... 40 roster of more than 1,100 businesses and institutions. of Greater Houston Partnership Photos Income...... 12 Sea Ports...... 41 courtesy of Bryan Malloch and Houston Members of the Partnership account for one-fifth of all jobs First Corporation. in Houston. They engage in various initiatives, committees Wages...... 12 Air Transportation...... 42 and task forces to work toward our goals of making Houston greater. Commuting to Work...... 12 HAS Statistics...... 43 Houston Facts 2020 was compiled by the research team of the Greater Houston Partnership, including HOUSTON ECONOMY...... 14 COMMUNICATIONS AND MEDIA..... 44 701 AVENIDA DE LAS , SUITE 900 ELIZABETH BALDERRAMA Corporate Economy ...... 15 Broadcast...... 44 HEATH DURAN HOUSTON, TX 77010 International Business...... 16 Digital and Print ...... 44 ROXANA GUZMAN (intern) 713-844-3600 Houston's Top Employers...... 18 PATRICK JANKOWSKI LIFE IN HOUSTON...... 45 HOUSTON.ORG ROEL MARTINEZ KEY INDUSTRIES AND SECTORS.... 20 Cost of Living ...... 45 JOSH PHERIGO Construction and Real Estate ...... 20 Weather...... 46 BERINA SULJIC Health Care and Social Assistance...... 21 Lodging ...... 47

This publication was designed by Manufacturing...... 23 Dining...... 47 SUZANNE MORGAN Professional and Technical Services...... 25 Arts and Culture...... 48 Arts Organizations...... 49 This issue of Houston Facts is dedicated Wholesale and Retail Trade...... 26 to the memory of Skip Kasdorf, who Energy ...... 26 Museums...... 51 passed away on March 6, 2020. Kasdorf edited Houston Facts from 1975 until he NASA and Aerospace...... 28 Recurring Events and Festivals ...... 54 retired in 2010. Innovation...... 29 Religious and Cultural Diversity ...... 55 Cover photo: Centennial Gardens at Biotech and Life Science ...... 31 Major Events and Conventions...... 56 . Credit: Bryan Malloch Convention and Sports Facilities...... 57 Parks and Recreation...... 59 EXCLUSIVE PRESENTING SPONSOR HISTORY...... 62

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PAGE 3 2020 HOUSTON FACTS GREATER HOUSTON PARTNERSHIP

INTRODUCTION

Houston Facts. The title says much about this publication. No spin. No frills. No THE HOUSTON hyperbole. Just page after page of straightforward information from hundreds of sources to answer questions REGION frequently asked about the THE FACTS Houston region. SPEAK FOR THEMSELVES GEOGRAPHY MONTGOMER WALLER LIERT Houston Facts has presented The Houston - The Woodlands - Sugar Land Metropolitan unvarnished information about the You may find in these pages facts that you never knew about the Houston Statistical Area (MSA) contains nine Texas counties: AUSTIN Houston region since 1959, and its region. For example: Austin, Brazoria, Chambers, Fort Bend, Galveston, predecessor publications—under Harris, Liberty, Montgomery and Waller.2 Within these HARRIS CHAMERS different names, but with the same More than 1.6 million Metro Houston ranks third nine counties are 124 incorporated cities and 33 Census 3 objective—date to 1906. Over the Houstonians, or roughly one in in the U.S. for Fortune 500 Designated Places (CDP) . decades, Houston Facts has grown four, born outside the U.S. company headquarters. well beyond its original four pages The county seat or administrative center of Harris County is ORT END so that we could expand the range If Houston were a country, More than 500 institutions are the City of Houston. Harris County contains the bulk of the GALVESTON and depth of coverage, bringing it would rank as the 27th devoted to the performing and city in addition to all or part of 33 incorporated cities and you more information about parks, largest economy in the world— visual arts, science and history 12 CDPs. Small portions of Houston spread into adjacent Montgomery and Fort Bend counties. museums, schools, living costs, the exceeding ’s and Iran’s in the Houston area. RAORIA regional economy and a host of other Gross Domestic Product. topics. It has evolved into a concise almanac for the Houston region. Corporate planners, market analysts, 1 students, relocation and site selection The longer title is shorted to "Houston MSA," "Metro Houston," "Greater Houston," "Houston area" or simply, "Houston" consultants, real estate professionals, Of course, we believe the Houston region is one of the nation’s most attractive 2 government agencies and myriad major metropolitan areas—an outstanding place to live, work and build a Combined land and water area 3 A Census Designated Place functions like a city or town, but is not 9,444 1 1,778 655 others turn to it for authoritative business. We would like you to share that view. But we won’t try to persuade you. square miles square miles square miles information on this region. The facts need no embellishment. They speak for themselves. incorporated HOUSTON HARRIS HOUSTON MSA COUNTY

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HOUSTON IN PERSPECTIVE Economy The U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis If Houston were a state, its GDP would Population Area estimates the Houston MSA’s Gross Domestic rank 15th behind ($527.1 The nine-county Houston MSA had a population of 7,066,141 Product (GDP) at 478.8 billion in ’18, making it billion) and ahead of Maryland ($412.6 The nine-county Houston-The residents as of July 1, 2019, according to estimates by the U.S. the seventh largest U.S. metro economy. billion) and Colorado ($371.8 billion) Woodlands-Sugar Land Metropolitan Census Bureau. Statistical Area (MSA) covers 9,444 If metro Houston were a state, it would have the 15th largest square miles, an area larger than If the MSA were an independent nation, it would rank as the world’s 27th population in the U.S. behind Arizona (7,278,717) and ahead of five states: New Hampshire, New largest economy behind Thailand ($487.2 billion) and ahead of Austria ($457.6 Massachusetts (6,892,503) and Tennessee (6,829,174). Jersey, Connecticut, Delaware and Rhode Island. billion) and Iran ($452.3), according to the International Monetary Fund.

The City of Houston had a population of 2,320,268 residents as of July 1, 2019, according to estimates by the U.S. Census Bureau. Harris County covers 1,778 square miles, enough space to fit the cities SELECTED KEY ECONOMIC INDICATORS FOR ’19 If the city were a state, it would rank 35th in population in of Austin, Boston, , , the U.S. behind Kansas (2,913,314) and ahead of New and Seattle with room The Houston Association of Realtors Multiple Listing Houston MSA automobile (2,096,829) and Nebraska (2,913,314). still to spare. Service recorded closings on 102,706 properties dealers sold 292,606 new cars, (includes single-family homes, townhomes, condos, trucks and SUVs, an average of high rises, etc.), an average of one every 5.1 minutes. one every 1.8 minutes. Harris County had a population of 4,713,325 residents as of July At 665 square miles the City of 1, 2018, according to estimates by the U.S. Census Bureau. Houston is larger than the cities of Chicago, Dallas, , The Houston Airport System handled The City of Houston issued building If Harris County were a state, it would have the 25th largest New York, Phoenix and San Diego 59,652,616 passengers, an average permits for construction valued at $7.3 population in the U.S. behind Alabama (4,903,185) and ahead of separately. of 113 passengers per minute. billion, an average of $13,799 per minute. Louisiana (4,648,794) and Kentucky (4,467,673).

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DECENNIAL CENSUS AND INTERCENSAL POPULATION

City of Houston Harris County 7,066,141 5,920,487 4,71,25 4,69,161 4,092,459 ,750,411 ,400,578 ,15,806 2,818,199 2,409,544 220268 2,195,146 2,099,451 1,95,61 1,741,912 1,67,859 1,594,894 1,594,086 1,24,158 1,22,802 1,08,100 98,219 806,701 752,97 596,16 545,547 528,961 84,514 48,661 59,28 292,52 252,066 202,48 186,667 17,800 18,276 112,05 115,69 80,866 78,800 55,17 6,786 44,6 7,249 27,984 27,985 27,557 17,75 16,51 2,96 4,668 4,845 9,070 9,82

1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 190 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2019

DEMOGRAPHICS Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Texas Almanac

Population AGE DISTRIBUTION Houston MSA,  COMPONENTS OF POPULATION CHANGE Metro Houston, 2010 – 2019 and People Uner 5 ears 7. The Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar POPULATION POPULATION CHANGE SINCE ’10 Land MSA’s population of 7,066,141 residents on July 1, 2019 ranks fifth 5 to 17 ears 19. NET MIGRATION NATURAL INCREASE TOTAL among the nation’s metropolitan ’10 ’19 INTERNATIONAL DOMESTIC POPULATION areas. The Houston MSA added BIRTHS DEATHS CHANGE 18 to 24 ears 9.0 MIGRATION MIGRATION 89,994 residents from July 1, 2018 to July 1, 2019, the increase primarily Austin County 28,412 30,032 210 808 3,133 2,517 1,620 from the net natural increase (births 25 to 4 ears 15.0 Brazoria County 313,123 374,264 3,767 34,228 43,568 20,606 61,147 minus deaths) and international migration. Domestic migration has Chambers County 35,099 43,837 470 6,038 4,683 2,506 8,730 significantly lagged international 5 to 44 ears 14. migration in recent years. Fort Bend County 584,690 811,688 44,013 125,314 83,280 27,199 226,989 45 to 54 ears 12.8 Galveston County 291,307 342,139 4,802 32,504 37,105 23,882 50,827 Harris County, with a population of 4,713,325 on July 1, 2019, is the Harris County 4,093,188 4,713,325 267,216 -53,954 637,975 230,702 620,149 third most populous county in the 55 to 64 ears 11.2 nation. Harris County added 33,280 Liberty County 75,641 88,219 246 9,321 10,190 7,170 12,576 new residents between July 1, 2018 Montgomery County 455,750 607,391 12,462 106,235 63,930 32,210 151,644 and July 1, 2019. 65 to 84 ears 10.1 Waller County 43,277 55,246 367 8,563 5,746 2,791 11,972 The City of Houston, the fourth most 85 ears an oler 1.0 populous U.S. city, had a population HOUSTON MSA 5,920,487 7,066,141 333,553 269,057 889,610 349,583 1,145,654 of 2,320,268 on July 1, 2019. Houston added 1,695 residents from July 1, Note: Sums may not total due to rounding. Source: U.S. Census Bureau,  American Community Survey Note: In some cases, the increase due to migration and the natural increase will not sum to the change in population due to rounding and the Bureau’s use 2018 to July 1, 2019. of residual values in generating the estimates. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2019 Population Estimates

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Metro Houston, 2018 Nearly one in four Houstonians was Houston MSA,  SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS born outside the U.S. Among the RACE/ETHNIC COMPOSITION 1,648,768 foreign-born in the Houston MEDIAN PERCENT OF ADULTS PERCENT OF TOTAL AVERAGE metro area, 73.5 percent entered the AGE WITH BACHELOR’S POPULATION HOUSEHOLDS HOUSEHOLD SIZE U.S. before ’10. Hispanic (YEARS) DEGREE OR HIGHER FOREIGN BORN Austin County 40.7 11,041 2.7 23.6 10.8 Top of birth for the Houston 7. MSA’s foreign-born populations: 3 Brazoria County 35.6 118,762 2.9 29.8 13.4 (61.1 percent), (27.1 percent), (5.9 percent) and Chambers County 35.4 13,529 3.0 21.4 8.9 (4.3 percent). Fort Bend County 36.0 230,381 3.2 46.1 28.4 Metro Houston accepted 587 refugees Galveston County 37.5 119,181 2.7 30.0 9.8 from 30 countries in ’19, a quarter of all Other refugees resettled in Texas that year. Harris County 33.3 1,583,486 2.9 31.0 26.1 2.1

7 . Liberty County 35.7 26,203 2.9 9.4 7.9 5 . 5 Montgomery County 36.9 192,823 2.9 34.6 13.3 3 Asian Waller County 29.0 14,807 3.1 19.9 14.8 1 HOUSTON MSA 34.6 2,359,266 2.9 33.1% 23.3% 7. Anglo African- 0 Note: County data may not sum to Houston MSA total due to a difference in survey methods. American Source: County data from U.S. Census Bureau, 2014-18 American Community Survey; MSA data from U.S. Census Bureau, 2018 American Community Survey

Note: Hispanic/Latino includes all races. Sums may not total due to rounding. Source: U.S. Census Bureau,  American Community Survey 1 IN 4 HOUSTONIANS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Houston MSA, 2018 was born outside the U.S. POPULATION AGE 25 OR OLDER HIGHEST EDUCATION LEVEL ATTAINED NUMBER PERCENT

NO HIGH SCHOOL DIPLOMA 735,625 16.3

HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATE OR HIGHER 3,771,641 83.7

High School Diploma or GED 1,045,481 23.2

Some College, No Degree 923,075 20.5

Associate Degree 312,734 6.9

BACHELOR’S DEGREE OR HIGHER 1,490,351 33.1 Bachelor’s Degree 948,842 21.1

Graduate or Professional Degree 541,509 12.0

TOTAL POPULATION AGE 25 OR OLDER 4,507,266 100.0

Note: Sums may not total due to rounding. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2018 American Community Survey

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Income TOTAL WAGES Metro Houston, * ($ Millions) METRO EMPLOYMENT BY OCCUPATION Houston MSA, 2019 PERCENT PERCENT EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT OF TOTAL OF TOTAL PER CAPITA PERSONAL INCOME Houston MSA 206,14.1 Office and Administrative The nine-county Houston MSA pretax 419,280 13.7% Healthcare Support 110,590 3.6% Support per capita personal income (PCPI) Austin Count 517.2 in ’18 was $56,077, 16.5 percent Building and Grounds above the U.S. average of $48,146, Sales and Related 300,320 9.8% 87,320 2.9% Cleaning and Maintenance according to the latest data available raoria Count 6,852.0 by the U.S. Bureau of Economic Food Preparation 280,000 9.2% Architecture and Engineering 84,560 2.8% Analysis (BEA). PCPI increased and Serving Related 4.9 percent in the Houston MSA, Chamers Count 1,115.6 compared to 5.6 percent nationwide Transportation from ’17 to ’18. 258,690 8.5% Computer and Mathematical 84,040 2.8% ort en Count 10,204.9 and Material Moving

Construction and 193,950 6.4% Protective Service 73,870 2.4% TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME Galveston Count 5,59.7 Extraction Total personal income in the Houston MSA, defined as income from all Production 193,460 6.3% Personal Care and Service 47,940 1.6% sources (wages, investments, Harris Count 169,199. transfer payments), totaled $392.4 Education, Training, and Life, Physical, and Social 177,250 5.8% 34,680 1.1% billion in '18, up 6.3 percent from '17, Liert Count 872.4 Library Science according to the BEA. Healthcare Practitioners Arts, Design, Entertainment, 165,350 5.4% 31,720 1.0% Montomer Count 11,111.5 and Technical Sports, and Media

Community Management 163,940 5.4% 26,450 0.9% Wages Waller Count 847.5 and Social Service *Note: Four quarters ending Q/. Sums may not total due to rounding. Business and The average weekly wage in metro 156,470 5.1% Legal 24,770 0.8% Houston was $1,315 in the four Source: Texas Workforce Commission, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages Financial Operations quarters ending Q3/19, according to Installation, Maintenance Farming, the Texas Workforce Commission. 133,010 4.4% 4,500 0.1% Total wages for the metro area were and Repair Fishing, and Forestry $206.3 billion for the same period. TOTAL OCCUPATION EMPLOYMENT 3,052,170 100%

Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2019 Occupation Employment Statistics Commuting to Work

PERCENT OF WORKERS 1 AND OLDER Houston MSA, 

1.0 9. .9 30.0 MINUTESAverage travel time to work in ’18 Drove alone Carpoole Worke in car, truck in car, truck at Home or van or van

2.0 1.5 0.9 0.2 Utilie pulic Use other Walke iccle transportation means

Note: Sums may not total due to rounding. Source: U.S. Census Bureau,  American Community Survey

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Safe guidelines requiring much of the EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY Houston MSA, December 2019 region’s population to work remotely. Businesses closures and furloughs PERCENT OF resulted in over 600,000 claims being JOBS TOTAL filed for unemployment benefits. More than 350,000 jobs were lost in March GOODS PRODUCING 555,000 17.3% and April. The region’s unemployment MINING AND LOGGING 78,500 jobs 2.4% rate hit 14.2 percent.

Oil and Gas Extraction 37,600 1.2 Trying to balance public health concerns with economic needs, Support Activities for Mining 39,200 1.2 Texas Governor Greg Abbott began gradually easing restrictions on May CONSTRUCTION 241,600 jobs 7.5% 1 and Houston businesses started the slow process of reopening. A survey MANUFACTURING 234,900 jobs 7.3% of Partnership members found that by mid-June 40 percent had brought Durable Goods 150,400 4.7 back furloughed employees or those Non-Durable Goods 84,500 2.6 who had been working from home. Roughly half hoped to resume normal TRADE, TRANSPORTATION, AND UTILITIES 652,900 jobs 20.3% operations by early August ’20. However, a surge in COVID-19 cases HOUSTON Wholesale Trade 177,400 5.5 that began in late June created new public health concerns and delayed the Retail Trade 313,900 9.8 full reopening of the Texas economy. Transportation, Warehousing, and Utilities 161,600 5.0 ECONOMY Though the U.S. economy may not fully recover until late ’21, according to SERVICE PROVIDING 2,654,50 JOBS 82.7% many economists, Houston’s long-term From ’10 to ‘19, Houston endured to around 93,000 new residents now tied to exports, up from just 8.9 outlook remains bright. The region’s INFORMATION 32,700 jobs 1.0% two economic downturns (the Great in ’17 and 76,000 in ’18, the gains percent in ’03. population is expected to surpass Recession and the Fracking Bust) coming solely from the net natural 8.0 million and payroll employment jobs and two major storms (hurricanes increase (births minus deaths) and In March ’20, the COVID-19 pandemic FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES 168,800 5.3% to approach 4.0 million by the Ike and Harvey), and yet the region international migration. arrived in Houston. The first blow end of the decade. Finance and Insurance 104,100 3.2 demonstrated remarkable growth came when the Houston Livestock over that period, gaining 1.5 million Job growth resumed mid-’17, aided by Show & Rodeo shut down 10 days Real Estate and Rental and Leasing 64,700 2.0 residents, creating more than a healthy U.S. economy and strong early. Calls from Houston Mayor 560,000 jobs, and adding $140 ties to a growing global economy. Sylvester Turner and Harris County PROFESSIONAL AND BUSINESS SERVICES 512,700 jobs 16.0% billion (in nominal dollars) to its gross U.S. GDP growth averaged 2.5 Judge Hidalgo to close all domestic product (GDP). percent over the quarter. Global bars and limit restaurants to take- Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 247,000 7.7 Corporate Economy growth exceed 3.5 percent. The out and delivery soon followed. In Metro Houston, a major corporate Management of Companies and Enterprises 46,500 1.4 Houston lost 120,000 jobs in the Great Brookings Institution estimates that a matter of days, local employers center, ranks fourth in the nation in Recession but was among the first to 17.3 percent of Houston’s GDP is were following Stay Home-Work Admin and Support and Waste Mgmt. 219,200 6.8 Fortune 500 headquarters and third in recover, recouping all the jobs lost Fortune 1000. Many other Fortune firms in less than two years. Houston went EDUCATION AND HEALTH SERVICES 411,100 jobs 12.8% maintain U.S. offices in Houston. Metro Houston Total Employment on to lead the nation in job growth, PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT The 21 companies on the Forbes Global averaging 100,000 per year during the Educational Services 64,600 2.0 -Month Change 2000 list that are headquartered height of the fracking boom (’10 – ’14). Health Care and Social Assistance 346,500 10.8 in Houston have a combined total Population growth exceeded 170,000 .M 150k revenue of $422.2 billion. new residents in some years. LEISURE AND HOSPITALITY 332,200 jobs 10.4%

100k 12Month Change The Texas Workforce Commission Oil prices fell from over $100 per Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation 37,000 1.2 reports that Metro Houston was home barrel in June ’14 to $26 per barrel in .0M 50k to more than 160,000 establishments February ’16 and the energy industry Accommodation and Food Services 295,200 9.2 in ’19. The three industries with the proceeded to shed nearly 95,000 0 most establishments were professional, jobs. Construction, retail, health OTHER SERVICES 117,300 jobs 3.7% scientific, and technical services; care, business and professional 2.7M 50k health care and social assistance; and services and hospitality grew, but not GOVERNMENT 426,800 jobs 13.3% retail trade. These three industries

enough to offset the layoffs in oil and Employment Payroll Nonfarm 100k comprised 38.2 percent of the region’s gas. Houston lost 4,900 jobs in the TOTAL NONFARM 3,084,7 JOBS 100.0% business establishments. Over half downturn, by any standard a relatively 2.4M 150k of the metro’s establishments employ mild recession. Population growth 08 09 10 11 12 1 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Source: Texas Workforce Commission, December 2019, not seasonally adjusted between one and four workers. responded in a like manner, dropping Source: Texas Workforce Commission

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International Business ESTABLISHMENTS BY INDUSTRY Houston MSA Houston is the base of operations 17.3 percent of Houston’s economy More than 150 Houston-based for the international oil and gas was tied to exports, and that companies operate subsidiary exploration and production industry exports supported 330,340 jobs locations around the world. These INDUSTRY ESTABLISHMENTS % OF TOTAL as well as for many of the nation’s (indirect and direct). firms account for over 3,000 offices in 22,436 largest international engineering and more than 110 countries. Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 14.0 Seventy-eight nations have consular construction firms. Health Care and Social Assistance 20,588 12.8 representation in the city, ranking More than 1,700 firms in Houston A key center for international finance, Houston’s consular corps the third report foreign ownership. In ’19, at Retail Trade 18,321 11.4 Houston leads the Southwest U.S. with largest in the nation. least 30 foreign-owned firms invested 16 foreign banks from 9 nations. in office expansions, new plants and Other Services (except Public Administration) 15,223 9.5 Fifteen foreign governments maintain expanded distribution facilities in Accommodation and Food Services 13,030 8.1 Houston’s economy is deeply tied to trade and commercial offices here, Houston. More than $3.3 billion in global trade and foreign investment. and the city has more than 35 active capital investments were made by Construction 11,431 7.1 The region has trading relationships foreign chambers of commerce and foreign-owned firms in Houston. with more than 200 countries. The trade associations. Wholesale Trade 11,059 6.9 Houston/Galveston Customs District Nearly 5,000 Houston-area firms Finance and Insurance 9,207 5.7 handled 23.7 million metric tons in Houston has 18 sister-city relationships are engaged in global commerce, exports valued at $151.8 billion in promoting business opportunities including more than 2,300 local Administrative and Support and Waste Management 8,719 5.4 ’19, according to WISERTrade. These across five : Asia (7), manufacturers. and Remediation Services exports accounted for 64.1 percent of Europe (7), Americas (2), Africa (1), and Real Estate and Rental and Leasing 7,972 5.0 the value of total trade that passed (1). Houston’s oldest sister- Eleven of Houston’s 32 skyscrapers through the region in ’19—a 19-point city relationship was established in (at least 150 meters tall) are Manufacturing 6,572 4.1 increase from 44.8 percent in ’10. 1961 with Taipei, Taiwan, and its most owned, co-owned, or financed by recent relationship with Basrah, Iraq foreign investors. Transportation and Warehousing 4,822 3.0 The Brookings Institution estimates was established in ’15. Educational Services 2,102 1.3 that in ’17, the latest data available, Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction 1,912 1.2

Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation 1,732 1.1

Information 1,680 1.0

Unclassified 1,348 0.8

Management of Companies and Enterprises 830 0.5

Public Administration 711 0.4

Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting 589 0.4

Utilities 509 0.3 TOTAL 160,791 100% Note: Four quarters ending Q3/19. Sums may not total due to rounding. Source: Texas Workforce Commission

HOUSTON-HEADQUARTERED COMPANIES 2019 22 47 6 21 114 Fortune 500 Fortune 1000 Fortune Global 500 Forbes Global 2000 Inc. 5000

Metro Rank | 4 Metro Rank | 3 Metro Rank | 2 Metro Rank | 5 Metro Rank | 11

Source: Fortune, Forbes, Inc.

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Houston's Top Employers 2,000 TO 4,999 EMPLOYEES Academy Sports & Outdoors Enterprise Products Partners LyondellBasell OVER 20,000 EMPLOYEES 10,000 TO 19,999 EMPLOYEES Air Liquide USA Fiesta Mart Macy's H-E-B ExxonMobil Shell Oil Co. American National Insurance Co Fluor Corp. Marathon Oil Corp. Houston Methodist HCA Houston Healthcare Texas Children's Hospital Apache Corp. The Friedkin Group, Inc. NASA - Johnson Space Center Memorial Hermann Health System Kroger United Airlines Ascend Performance Materials Goodwill Industries of Houston Phillips 66 UT MD Anderson Cancer Center Landry’s UT Health Science Center Bank of America Grocers Supply Company Walmart Schlumberger Wood Group Bechtel Corp. Group 1 Automotive Sam Houston State University Ben Taub Hospital Halliburton Sam's Club Brinker International Hewlett Packard Enterprise San Jacinto Community College 5,000 TO 9,999 EMPLOYEES Cameron, a Schlumberger Co. HP Inc. Sysco Corp. CenterPoint Energy Jacobs TechnipFMC AT&T Home Depot Occidental Petroleum Chevron Phillips Chemical Co. KBR Texas Home Health Baker Hughes, a GE Company Houston Community College S&B Engineers and Constructors Comcast Kelsey-Seybold Clinic Turner Industries Baylor College of Medicine JPMorgan Chase Target Corp. ConocoPhillips Kinder Morgan Universal Plant Services BP America KBR Texas A&M University CVS Health Lewis Food Town Inc. Wells Fargo Chevron Lone Star College Daikin/Goodman Lowe's Cos. CHI St. Luke's Health Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical UT Medical Branch Health System Center Deloitte Luby's Dow Chemical Co. Walgreens National Oilwell Varco Note: The list is for ’19 and does not account for increased employment or layoffs due to the coronavirus in ’20. The list excludes government employers (except hospitals, universities and research centers) and fast food chains. Source: Greater Houston Partnership Research, May 2020

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RETAIL CLASS A apartments recorded 83.8 Construction remains high despite percent occupancy at $1.63/sf/mo; a growing glut in apartment units, Metro Houston had 356.7 msf of generous incentives offered by retail space at the end of '19, of CLASS B recorded 91.0 percent landlords to potential renters, and which 19.9 msf was vacant and occupancy at $1.17/sf/mo; weak job growth. As of early June, available for lease. Nearly 3.6 msf there were 18,633 units under was under construction at the start CLASS C recorded 91.2 percent construction and another 27,707 on of '20. The average asking rent, on occupancy at $0.96/sf/mo; and the drawing boards. a triple net basis, was $18.16 per recorded 89.8 percent square foot per year. CLASS D occupancy at $0.76/sf/mo.

SINGLE-FAMILY SINGLE-FAMILY STARTS AND In '19, Houston home sales set records MULTI-FAMILY UNITS DELIVERED – Houston MSA for sales, average prices and median prices. In ’19, single-family closings 50k (largely resale homes) in the Houston area totaled 86,205, and an additional 6,562 town homes, condos and high rises were sold, according to the 40k Houston Association of Realtors. The median sales price for a resale single- 15,987 5,075 family detached home was $251,000. 17,05 12,14

0k 20,02 Single-family starts in ’19 numbered 1,9 KEY INDUSTRIES 21,86

30,547, according to Metrostudy. 5,874 ,725 AND SECTORS 20k 5,728 MULTI-FAMILY Apartment Data Services reported that Houston area multi-family occupancy 10k 27,7 27,07 2,616 0,146 29,959 18,5 0,547 18,85 28,2 Construction and Real Estate averaged 89.5 percent in ’19, with an 25,489 inventory of 666,678 units, and as of April '20, Houston's multi-family EMPLOYMENT TOP EMPLOYERS Net absorption (net change in leased 0 space in completed buildings) for inventory included 2,855 properties The construction industry in Houston Bechtel, Bellows Construction, all general-purpose office space with approximately 666,600 units. 10 11 12 1 14 15 16 17 18 19 employed an average of 233,240 D.E. Harvey Builders, E.E. Reed was positive 842,537 square-feet in Monthly rents across all property Source: Metrostudy and Apartment Data Services people in the four quarters ending Construction, Fluor, Gilbane Building, ’19. The vacancy rate for the entire classes averaged $1,050. Q3/19, according to the Texas Jacobs, Linbeck Group, McCarthy Houston market was 21.1 percent at Workforce Commission. Nearly half Building Companies, S & B Engineers the end of ’19. of all construction employment and Constructors, SpawGlass occurred as specialty trade Construction, Summit Industrial, Average asking rent for the Class A contractors (e.g., electrical work, Tellepsen, Turner Construction, office market was $35.03 per square plumbing, site preparation, painting). Turner Industries, Williams Brothers foot ($43.55 for CBD Class A and Building construction accounted for Construction and Zachry. $31.40 for suburban Class A). Health Care and Social Assistance 23.8 percent, and heavy and civil engineering construction accounted According to the Texas Medical Board, social assistance establishments for 27.2 percent of construction INDUSTRIAL EMPLOYMENT BUILDING PERMITS metro Houston has 19,065 licensed included 13,467 ambulatory employment. Annual wages in the City of Houston building permits As of Q4/19, Houston has more than Health care and social assistance physicians. Eighty percent of those health care providers, 6,192 social industry averaged $75,855. totaled nearly $7.3 billion in ’19 with 236.6 million square feet of industrial employed an average of 375,744 physicians are in Harris County. The assistance establishments, 703 $2.8 billion for residential and nearly space. NAI reported year-end ’19 people in the four quarters ending concentration of anesthesiologists, nursing and residential care facilities $4.5 billion for commercial building occupancy dipped slightly from the Q3/19, almost one in eight Houston nurse anesthetists, cardiovascular and 226 hospitals in the four ESTABLISHMENTS permits, according to city data. previous year to 93.1 percent. At the workers, according to the Texas technologists and technicians, quarters ending Q3/19. The Houston metro area was end of ’19, 18.7 msf of projects were Workforce Commission. Ambulatory respiratory therapy technicians, home to nearly 11,431 construction under construction. Net absorption for health care accounts for 43.8 percent and occupational health and safety establishments in the four quarters OFFICE ’19 was strong with a total of 8.7 msf. of the sector employment, hospitals specialists/technicians is well above TOP EMPLOYERS ending Q3/19. Of that total, 60.8 Across the market, average monthly for 32.3 percent and social assistance, the national average. At the close of ’19, NAI reported that CHI St. Luke’s, HCA, Harris Health percent were specialty trade asking rates were $0.61 per square nursing and residential care for 23.8 the Houston area contains 236.7 System, Houston Methodist, Kindred contractors, 29.4 percent were in foot in the fourth quarter of ’19. percent. The average annual wage for million-square-feet (msf) of inventory, Healthcare, Kelsey Seybold Clinic, MD building construction, and 9.7 percent the industry was $56,252.04 in the ESTABLISHMENTS with 39.8 msf in the Central Business Anderson Cancer Center, Memorial were heavy and civil engineering four quarters ending Q3/19. District (CBD). Houston’s 20,558 health care and Hermann Healthcare System, construction establishments.

PAGE 20 PAGE 21 2020 HOUSTON FACTS GREATER HOUSTON PARTNERSHIP

Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Health Policy: To develop effective Medical Center, Texas Children’s policy solutions to improve the PROMINENT TMC Manufacturing Hospital and UTMB Health. health of diverse populations in MEMBERS INCLUDE Houston and Texas and will serve as The 6,572 manufacturing nation’s overall base petrochemicals MANUFACTURING models for the world. Baylor College of Medicine establishments in the Houston manufacturing capacity which includes Houston MSA, 2019* region employed 234,155, or about 48.7 percent of butadiene produced in OVERVIEW CHI St. Luke's Health Innovation: To become the global 1 in 13 Houston-area workers in ’19, the country, 45.9 percent of ethylene, Fabricated Metal Products The Texas Medical Center (TMC) is leader in health and life sciences Children's Memorial according to the Texas Workforce 45.0 percent of propylene, 40.3 the world’s largest medical complex innovation. The TMC Innovation Herman Hospital Commission. The average annual percent of benzene, 40.1 percent of 54,457 jobs 1,768 establishments by many measures: number of Institute houses TMCx, an accelerator wage was $89,685. The value xylenes and 35.5 percent of toluene. hospitals, number of physicians, Harris Health System that advances the development of goods manufactured in metro Computer and Electronic Products square footage and patient volume. of health and medical technology Houston Baptist University Houston topped $84.8 billion in ’18 Base petrochemicals are the raw The Texas Medical Center’s 61 materials for producing some of the companies, and TMCx+, an incubator Houston Community College and accounted for 17.7 percent of the 13,225 jobs 338 establishments member institutions are consistently for health startups. region’s total GDP, according to the more important plastics and resins. recognized by U.S. News and World Houston Methodist Hospital The Houston MSA also dominates Bureau of Economic Analysis. Plastics and Rubber Products Report as among the best hospitals Regenerative Medicine: To MD Anderson Cancer Center U.S. production of three major and universities in the nation. lead the world in discovering, resins, producing 49.0 percent of the 10,284 jobs 231 establishments Memorial Hermann developing and delivering curative CHEMICALS country’s capacity of polypropylene, The TMC is developing five institutes: 38.1 percent of polyethylene and 52.1 regenerative therapies. Menninger Transportation Equipment The Houston region was home to 591 percent of polyvinyl chloride. 1. TMC Innovation Institute Michael E. DeBakey Veterans chemical plants employing 39,776 Initially announced in ’15, the design 5,355 jobs 138 establishments 2. TMC Health Policy Institute of TMC3, a multi-institutional 37-acre Affairs Medical Center workers, or 17.0 percent of Greater research campus bringing together Prairie View A&M University Houston’s total manufacturing PETROLEUM REFINING 3. TMC Clinical Research Institute Machinery the best institutions in clinical care, workforce in ’19, according to the 4. TMC Regenerative Medicine Rice University The Spaghetti Bowl is a complex of research and industry, was updated Texas Workforce Commission. The jobs several thousand miles of product 46,311 823 establishments Institute in ’19. Construction on the campus Texas A&M University Health region has 44.0 percent of the is scheduled for completion in '22. Science Center 5. TMC Genomics Institute Food TMC3 will create nearly 30,000 jobs Texas Children's Hospital These institutes will foster and inject more than $5.2 billion 11,843 jobs 439 establishments collaboration across all into the Texas economy, creating Texas Heart Institute BASE CHEMICAL PRODUCTION CAPACITY Houston MSA,  member institutions: nearly 30,000 jobs and bringing an Texas Southern University Nonmetallic Mineral Products anticipated $5.2 billion to the Texas metric tons per ear Texas Women's University Clinical Research: To be the world economy. The “3” in TMC3 is meant to 6,727 jobs 295 establishments leader in clinical research by more designate Houston as the “third coast” University of Houston efficiently translating discoveries into for life sciences. University of Texas breakthrough therapies and cures. Other Manufacturing University of St. Thomas 29,649 jobs 1,706 establishments Genomics: To create the world’s premier clinical genomics program. 1.2M Ethylene Chemical Butadiene 17.M 45.9 o U.S. Total 48.7 o U.S. Total 39,776 jobs 591 establishments

Petroleum and Coal Products

10,150 jobs 86 establishments

Electrical Equipment and Appliances Benzene 6,399 jobs 158 establishments 3.3M 40. o U.S. Total TMC BY THE NUMBERS Propylene Fabricated Metal Products largest 1.2M 14.2 o U.S. Total billion million million 8th Xylenes 54,457 jobs 1,768 establishments $3 50 8 business district in construction developed patient visits 4.5 o U.S. Total in the U.S. with .5M projects underway square feet per year 1,345 total acres Toluene Total Manufacturing 1.9M 5.5 o U.S. Total 750,000 106,000+ 13,600 + 180,000 + 234,155 jobs 6,572 establishments ER visits per year employees total heart surgeries surgeries Total 42.6M metric tons per ear o U.S. total

Source: Metrostudy

PAGE 22 PAGE 23 2020 HOUSTON FACTS GREATER HOUSTON PARTNERSHIP

pipeline connecting hundreds of chemical plants, refineries, salt domes Professional and Technical Services and fractionation plants along the Texas Gulf Coast. It gives the Houston workers in the Houston MSA, there institutions had 1,416 offices and area an economic advantage through EMPLOYMENT are 1,857 engineers. In comparison, branches with $249.6 billion in local convenient and low-cost transfer Metro Houston employed an average for every 100,000 workers in the U.S., deposits, according to June ’19 FDIC of feedstocks, fuel and chemical of 227,699 professional, scientific and there are 1,138 engineers. data. Houston ranked 12th among U.S. products among plants, storage technical service workers in the four metros in total deposits in ’19. terminals and transportation facilities. quarters ending Q3/19. Architectural Houston’s 10 largest banks (ranked In ’19, the Houston metro had a and engineering services, with 72,285 ESTABLISHMENTS by local deposits) include JPMorgan crude operating capacity of 2.6 workers, represents over a third of the The Houston MSA had 22,487 Chase Bank, Wells Fargo Bank, Bank million barrels of refined petroleum sector’s total employees. The second establishments in professional, of America, BBVA Compass Bank, products per calendar day, and third largest industry subsectors scientific and technical services in the Zions Bank, Capital One, Prosperity representing 14.0 percent of overall include management and technical four quarters ending Q3/19. The sector Bank, Cadence Bank, Woodforest U.S. capacity, according to the U.S. consulting (39,356 employees) and includes 5,352 management and National Bank and Frost Bank. Energy Information Administration. computer systems design services (31,231 employees). technical consulting establishments, Oil refiners in the region employed 4,231 computer systems design Five of the nation’s 10 largest FDIC- 9,318 workers in '19, equivalent to 4.0 Houston has more than 56,860 companies and 3,917 establishments insured banks, as measured by percent of the Houston region’s total engineers of all disciplines, the most that provide legal services. domestic deposits, operate full- manufacturing workforce. numerous being, petroleum, civil, service branches or commercial mechanical, industrial, chemical and loan offices in the Houston region. electrical. Houston has one of the FINANCE These five include the three largest banks in the nation. highest concentrations of engineering Metro Houston’s 95 Federal Deposit talent in the nation. For every 100,000 Insurance Corporation (FDIC)-insured

PETROLEUM REFINING CAPACITY Metro Houston, 

%  OF U.S. CAPACITY ENGINEERS Houston MSA vs. U.S., 2019 BARRELS PER CALENDAR DAY . , TOTAL METRO HOUSTON CAPACITY , HOUSTON PER 100,000 WORKERS TOTAL Marathon Petroleum Co 585,000 ENGINEERS HOUSTON U.S. Aerospace 1,770 57.8 43.1 ExxonMobil Re�ning & Supply Co 560,500 BAYTOWN Biomedical 230 7.7 13.5 Chemical 4,230 138.6 20.5 Deer Park Re�ning 275,000 DEER PARK Civil 10,740 351.9 212.0

Houston Re�ning 26,776 Computer Hardware 600 19.5 46.4 HOUSTON Electrical 4,290 140.7 126.8 Phillips 66 Company 265,000 SWEENY Electronics 2,110 69.1 87.5 Environmental 1,440 47.1 36.2 Valero Re�ning Co Texas 225,000 TEXAS CITY Health and Safety 1,540 50.6 17.6

Valero Re�ning Co Texas 205,000 Industrial 5,400 176.9 198.8 HOUSTON Marine Engineers and Naval Architects 440 14.5 7.8 Pasadena Re�ning Systems 112,229 PASADENA Materials 1,100 36.1 18.2 Mechanical 8,760 287.0 209.5 Kinder Morgan Crude & Condensate 84,000 GALENA PARK Mining and Geological 340 11.3 4.3

Targa Channelview 5,000 Petroleum 10,210 334.5 22.2 CHANNELVIEW All Other Engineers 3,480 114.0 103.6 Petromax Re�ning Co 25,000 HOUSTON TOTAL 56,680 1,857 1,138

Source: U.S. Energy Information Agency, Refinery Capacity Report January ,  (Release Date: June , ) Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics, May 2019

PAGE 24 PAGE 25 2020 HOUSTON FACTS GREATER HOUSTON PARTNERSHIP

companies control 58,810 miles, or Houston MSA, 2019* Wholesale and 34.2 percent of all U.S. oil pipeline ENERGY-RELATED SECTORS capacity. Seventeen of the nation's Retail Trade AVG. ANNUAL top 20 natural gas transmission INDUSTRY EMPLOYMENT FIRMS companies have corporate or WAGE ($) divisional headquarters in Houston, EMPLOYMENT Engineering services 48,649 1,841 125,554 controlling 133,203 miles of U.S. Wholesale trade employed 161,500 in pipeline, which is 68.2 percent of the Chemical manufacturing 39,980 458 137,449 the Houston MSA, including 102,062 in total U.S. natural gas pipeline capacity. Oil and gas extraction 37,001 497 244,075 durable goods, 49,036 in nondurable goods and 10,402 in electronic online In ’19, the Houston MSA held 26.1 Support activities for oil and gas 28,475 787 138,216 markets in ’19. percent of the nation’s jobs in oil and gas extraction (37,001 of 141,627), and Oil and gas field machinery 28,456 252 116,207 Retail trade employed 301,330, 18.4 percent of jobs in drilling oil and Oil and gas pipeline construction 27,068 199 92,781 including 65,981 in food and beverage, gas wells (11,156 of 60,546), and 10.6 58,471 in general merchandise and percent of jobs in support activities Pipeline transportation 11,702 88 194,766 42,479 in motor vehicle and part for oil and gas operations (28,475 of dealers. Average annual wage in ’19 269,485), according to the U.S. Bureau Drilling oil and gas wells 11,156 139 144,521 Metro Houston, 2018-2019, ($ Millions) was $88,231 for wholesale workers GROSS RETAIL SALES of Labor Statistics. Petroleum refineries 9,346 43 168,844 and $33,540 for retail workers. % CHANGE GEOGRAPHY ’18 ’19 FROM ’18 Fabricated pipe and pipe fitting mfg. 5,575 92 66,664 DEFINING “ENERGY” ESTABLISHMENTS 127,662.4 Industrial valve manufacturing 3,967 70 88,153 Houston MSA 128,258.8 0.5% Defining the “energy” sector and its Metro Houston contained 11,059 Austin County 320.1 341.0 6.5% related industries is a challenging Geophysical surveying and mapping 3,520 144 134,303 wholesale trade establishments, task. There are multiple approaches including 6,700 durable goods Brazoria County 4,829.6 4,398.8 -8.9% and the table which follows serves Pump and compressor manufacturing 1,750 47 108,238 wholesalers and 2,493 nondurable as one interpretation. Given this Chambers County 437.4 502.6 14.9% TOTAL ENERGY-RELATED 256,644 4,655 145,108 goods wholesalers in ’19. There definition, Houston’s energy sector were 18,321 retail establishments, in ’19 accounted for 8.5 percent of SHARE OF METRO HOUSTON Fort Bend County 9,089.2 8,538.2 -6.1% 8.5% 3.6% including 2,635 food and beverage the region’s employment and 3.6 TOTAL Galveston County stores, 2,554 gas stations and 2,275 4,336.3 4,303.8 -0.7% percent of its firms. The average Note: Due to the reach of the energy industry in Houston, portions of several other clothing stores. job in an energy-related industry industries (e.g., utilities, accounting, real estate) could be added to this definition. Harris County 98,675.1 100,083.0 1.4% paid approximately $145,108 per *Four quarters ending Q4/19 Liberty County year, more than double the metro 880.8 867.9 -1.5% Source: Texas Workforce Commission, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages TOP EMPLOYERS average of $68,770. Montgomery County 8,530.9 8,630.0 1.2% Academy Sports & Outdoors, CVS Health, Fiesta Mart, H-E-B, Home Waller County 563.1 593.4 5.4% Depot, Kroger, Lewis Food Town, Note: Data compiled from four quarters ending Q3/19. Lowe’s, Macy's, Sam’s Club, Sysco, Source: Texas Comptroller's Office Target, Walmart and Walgreens.

Energy Houston is the leading domestic Houston is home to 42 of the Aramco, PetroChina, Gazprom) have TOP ENERGY-RELATED EMPLOYERS and international center for virtually nation’s 113 publicly traded oil and operations in Houston. Apache Direct Energy McDermott International Schlumberger every segment of the energy gas exploration and production industry—exploration and production, firms, including eight of the top 25; The 11 refineries in the Houston Aramco Enbridge National Oilwell Varco Shell region process more than 2.6 million transmission, marketing, service, seven more among the top 25 have Baker Hughes Enterprise Products NRG Energy Sun Coast Resources trading, supply, offshore drilling subsidiaries, major divisions or other barrels of crude oil per calendar and technology. significant operations in Houston. day—approximately 45.5 percent of BP EOG Resources Occidental Superior Energy Services the state’s total production and 14.0 Calpine Equinor Oceaneering International TechnipFMC More than 4,650 energy-related firms Two-thirds of the global-integrated percent of total U.S. capacity. are located within the Houston metro oil companies (e.g., ExxonMobil, CenterPoint Energy ExxonMobil Oil States International Total area, including over 630 exploration Shell, Chevron) have operations The logistics for moving much of the Cheniere Halliburton Phillips 66 Universal Plant Services and production firms, nearly 800 here. More than half of all oil field nation's petroleum and natural gas oilfield service companies, nearly service firms based outside of North across the country are controlled Chevron Hilcorp Plains All Weatherford American Pipeline 90 pipeline transportation firms, America (e.g. ENI, TechnipFMC, from Houston. Thirteen of the CITGO Kinder Morgan Wood and hundreds of manufacturers Transocean) have offices in Houston, nation’s 20 largest oil pipeline Repsol ConocoPhillips Marathon Oil and wholesalers of energy- and around one-fifth of the world’s operators have corporate or divisional sector products. national oil companies (e.g., Saudi headquarters or ownership interests based in Houston. These 13 pipeline

PAGE 26 PAGE 27 2020 HOUSTON FACTS GREATER HOUSTON PARTNERSHIP

NASA and Aerospace Innovation Houston has emerged as a hub for Houston is home to NASA's Johnson build and upgrade piloted space craft aerospace manufacturing companies digital technology. With more than VENTURE CAPITAL LARGEST HOUSTON Space Center (JSC), the focal point and oversee many of the medical, in the U.S., 10 have a presence in 235,000 tech workers, Houston has IN HOUSTON of the nation's manned space flight scientific and engineering experiments the Houston region. Houston’s total VC DEALS IN ’19 the 12th largest tech sector in the program. Manned U.S. space missions conducted in space. trade in aircraft, spacecraft, and parts U.S., according to the Computing have been planned, executed and totaled $2.9 billion in ’19, and aircraft, ALLOVIR Health Care Technology Industry Association. controlled from JSC since 1961. JSC, a $1.5 billion complex established spacecraft, and parts were Houston’s Houston’s tech industry generates $121.3M Astronauts live and train at this facility. in 1961, occupies over 1,700 acres in 11th largest internationally traded $28.1 billion to the region’s GDP. southeast Houston. It is one of NASA’s commodity. The Space Commerce The 50th anniversary of the first lunar largest R&D facilities. JSC managed Materials and Conference and Expo (SpaceCom) Houston is home to 8,800 tech- SOLUGEN landing by Apollo 11 occurred on July an annual budget of $4.61 billion in Resources was in its fifth year in ’19 at Houston’s related firms, including more than 20, ’19. , the ’19 and spent $2.34 billion in Texas on George R. Brown Convention Center 500 venture-backed startups. These $32.0M official visitor center of JSC, hosted contracts and federal salaries. JSC’S and featured Bill Nye the Science Guy companies have received $1.9 billion a series of anniversary events, largest contractors in ’19 included as a keynote speaker. Capital Raised 599.0 M 8.4 M 8.4 269. M 59.2 M in venture capital funding over the 250.7 M drawing people from 49 countries Boeing, Collins Aerospace and Pacific PROCYRION Health Care last five years, including $600 million and yielding a record attendance of Architects and Engineers. NASA In ’15, the Federal Aviation in ’19, a record high for the region, 13,000 people on July 20th. Following supported 11,088 employees (8,056 Administration (FAA) designated 15 16 17 18 19 $30.0M according to Pitchbook. In January the anniversary, NASA announced contractors and 2,952 federal) at JSC Ellington Field as a spaceport, Source: Partnership analysis of Pitchbook data ’20, the financial software firm in August ’19 that there would be in ’19. Space Center Houston, which clearing the way for commercial space Business HighRadius was valued over $1 billion GOEXPEDI a new lunar lander program and welcomed more than 1.1 million visitors flight in Houston. In June ’19, the Services after receiving $125 million in late that JSC would develop the lunar in '19, an annual record, employs 300 groundbreaking began for Phase I of In ’19, the most heavily invested stage VC funding, the most lucrative $25.0M ascent spacecraft. full-time workers. the spaceport development, an $18.8 industry for VC funding in Houston venture capital deal for a Houston million project designed to provide was Health Care, which received startup in at least 20 years, according MAGNA IMPERIO JSC serves as NASA’s lead center for Houston is home to 350 companies infrastructure and utilities, as well as $230.8 million across 25 deals, Energy to Pitchbook data. life sciences research and application, involved in aircraft or space vehicle the construction of 53,000 square feet followed by information technology SYSTEMS astronaut selection and training and manufacturing, research and of lab and office space. with $132.8 million across 28 deals. $21.0M mission control. JSC personnel direct technology or other air transportation industrial efforts to design, develop, support activities. Of the 50 largest

HOUSTON VENTURE CAPITAL FUNDING ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ Houston Metro, - 

250.0M

200.0M

150.0M

100.0M

50.0M

0 Inormation usiness Consumer Materials inancial Health Care Ener Technolo Services 2 Proucts 2C an Resources Services

Total 70.7M Total 57.M Total 232.M Total 231.7M Total 7.M Total 5.M Total .3M

3.0 o total 29. o total 12.5 o total 12. o total .1 o total 3.1 o total 0. o total

Source: Partnership Analysis of PitchBook data

PAGE 28 PAGE 29 2020 HOUSTON FACTS GREATER HOUSTON PARTNERSHIP

of Business aims to teach students City of Houston’s Innovation and Houston, with investments flowing HOUSTON’S STARTUP growth in Houston’s tech sector by has produced a surge of incubator clustering like-minded innovators and accelerator activity in the city. In how to run their own businesses Technology Task Force, the non- from both outside sources firms and ECOSYSTEM together and sparking new projects ’19, there were at least 23 incubator from the inception of an idea through profit Houston Exponential (HX) the industry itself. Many of the major A number of Startup Development and ideas. Located in the historic and accelerator programs operating its implementation. Students with was formed in ’17 to bolster the oil and gas companies have business Organizations (SDOs) have emerged Sears Department Store building in in Houston, including MassChallenge, promising concepts are accepted into city’s digital startup ecosystem. By units dedicated to finding and funding in recent years to facilitate growth Houston’s midtown neighborhood, Ion Smart Cities Accelerator, Red Labs, the University of Houston’s convening stakeholders, connecting innovation in the sector. This includes: across Houston’s tech ecosystem. The Ion broke ground in July ’19 and is Gener8tor, Plug and Play, TMCx, startup incubator/accelerator startups to funding and removing Shell Technology Ventures, Chevron The region has more than 40 SDOs, expected to open by Spring ’21. JLabs, and The AT&T Foundry. program. At the graduate level, barriers to growth, HX hopes to boost Technology Ventures, ConocoPhillips including incubators and accelerators, students manage the million-dollar innovation in the region and spur job Technology Ventures, Saudi Aramco makerspaces, coworking spaces, Cougar Venture Fund, working with creation in the tech sector. Through Ventures and BP Ventures. In June non-profits, and academic institutions. COWORKING AND MAKERSPACES UNIVERSITY PROGRAMS an advisory board of entrepreneurs, its $25-million HX Venture Fund of 2020, Boston-based Greentown Labs, These organizations have formed a angel investors and venture capitalists Funds, the organization plans to lure a startup incubator focused on new In ’19, there were at least 20 The entrepreneurship programs at growing web of resources assisting to analyze and invest in early stage tech investment to Houston. energy technology, announced it will coworking providers in Houston. Rice University and University of tech entrepreneurs across the technology companies. open a Houston office in '21, its first The Cannon, with a main campus in Houston are consistently ranked as Houston region. outside of Boston, to capitalize on the Energy Corridor and branches in two of the nation’s best, according to INDUSTRY BACKING synergies with the region's existing Downtown and , is one the Princeton Review. Rice University’s CIVIC INITIATIVES energy companies. of a growing number of Houston entrepreneurship program at the Oil and gas startups continue to be the INNOVATION CORRIDOR area companies offering both Jones Graduate School of Business In a joint effort between the Greater most frequent destination for venture & THE ION workspace and incubation services. supports student innovation through Houston Partnership and the capital and private equity funding in At the nucleus of Houston’s tech Other coworking spaces include: the Rice Alliance for Technology and ecosystem, the Innovation Corridor Station Houston in downtown, Entrepreneurship. The organization covers a four-mile expanse across the The Headquarters in the East End, sponsors programs involving Biotech and Life Science NIH FUNDING IN HOUSTON city’s dense urban core. Stretching Techspace Houston in Uptown, technology commercialization, from downtown to the Texas Medical WeWork locations in downtown, entrepreneurship education and the As a hub for medical device Houston region in ’20, representing Center, the corridor encompasses north, and west Houston, Work launch of student-run technology manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, 20.5 percent of all trials in the U.S. Houston’s major business, academic Lodge in northwest Houston, Cowork companies. Rice’s Owlspark and health research, Houston is and innovation centers. To anchor Lab in the Heights and Common Accelerator has helped launch dozens home to more than 20,700 life Houston’s medical research the corridor and spur collaboration Grounds in . There of companies and the Rice Business science and biotech researchers. institutions received $717 million in within the ecosystem, Rice University are also several makerspaces across Plan Competition is the richest pitch Additionally, Houston’s health care medical research grant funding from is constructing The Ion, a $100 million the region, including TX/RX Labs competition in the country, with industry includes 158,000 health the National Institutes of Health (NIH) facility that will serve as a major in the East End. awards in ’19 totaling $3 million. care practitioners and technical in ’19, a 7.4 percent increase from ’18. 558.9 M 610. M 717. M innovation hub for the city, offering Participating companies in the 19-year occupations, including 12,900 medical Since ’15, the region has received 624.7 M M 667.7 co-working space and mentorship history of the competition have raised doctors and 59,500 nurses. More than nearly $3.2 billion in NIH funding, an average of $635.8 million per year. for tech startups, laboratories and INCUBATORS AND more than $2.3 billion in capital. 2,100 clinical trials were active in the 15 16 17 18 19 classrooms for academic and research ACCELERATORS Source: NIH.gov pursuits, as well as permanent office The University of Houston’s Cyvia The recent push by Houston leaders space for established tech companies. and Melvyn Wolff Center for to encourage more startup support Supporters hope The Ion generates Entrepreneurship at the Bauer College HOUSTON VENTURE CAPITAL FUNDING Houston Metro, -  ’ ’ ’ ’ ’

00.0M 132.3M

250.0M

200.0M 29.7M

150.0M

53.M 100.0M .0M

50.0M 12.M 110.1M 93.7M 1.0M 10.9M 0.0M

alor Collee Universit o Teas Universit o Universit o Teas Universit o Methoist Rice Universit Teas Southern All other 20,700life science and biotech o Meicine MD Anerson Teas Health Meical ranch Houston Hospital Research Universit Science Center Galveston Institute researchers in houston Cancer Center

Source: NIH.gov

PAGE 30 PAGE 31 2020 HOUSTON FACTS GREATER HOUSTON PARTNERSHIP

In ’19, the top 10 Houston institutions receiving NIH funding were: Venture Capital investment in Houston health care companies totaled $230.8 million in ’19, a Baylor College University of Texas MD 57.9 percent increase from ’18, $271.4M $168.6M of Medicine Anderson Cancer Center according to PitchBook.

In ’19, the Top 6 biotech firms University of Texas University of Texas $108.2M $93.0M receiving investment were: Health Science Center Medical Branch Galveston Allovir $121.3M Methodist Hospital University of Houston $27.2M $18.8M Procyrion $30.0M Research Institute AcceleDent $20.5M

Rice University $14.4M Texas Heart Institute $1.4M Decisio Health $15.9M

Castle Biosciences $13.0M Chrysalis Texas Southern $1.9M $1.3M Biotherapeutics University Medical Informatics $11.9M GOVERNMENT The Texas Medical Center’s Innovation Institute is the epicenter of Houston’s life science startup activity. The organization aims to help early stage companies commercialize new City of Houston medical technologies by providing access to the vast resources of the The City of Houston is a home rule controller, Chris B. Brown; and the The city’s adopted General Fund world’s largest medical center. municipality, which provides the city 16 members of City Council. Eleven budget for fiscal year (FY) ’20 is $2.4 with inherent powers to manage their council members are elected from billion. Property and sales taxes The Innovation Institute’s accelerator own affairs with minimal interference single-member districts and five compose 80.4 percent of revenue for program, TMCx, focuses on from the state. are elected citywide or “at-large.” the General Fund, with property taxes early-stage companies making City of Houston elected officials can expecting to total $1.2 billion and breakthroughs in medical devices, The city’s current elected officials, serve no more than two terms of revenue from sales tax estimated (pre- digital health care services, serving four-year terms, are: the four years each. COVID 19 pandemic) at $694 million. diagnostics and therapeutics. A mayor, Sylvester Turner; the city related entity, TMCx+, offers a rotating incubator program for seed- stage companies. Additionally, the Texas Medical Center launched the TMC Venture Fund in ’17. The fund Metro Area Counties has invested in 30 Houston health startups in the last three years. Each county in Texas is run by a five-member Commissioners Court TMC Innovation partners with consisting of four commissioners several industry-backed programs elected from single-member districts, supporting health innovation. called commissioner precincts, Johnson & Johnson’s JLABs @TMC and a county judge elected “at- provides lab space and support to large” or countywide. The county companies developing technologies commissioners and county judge in consumer health, medical devices serve staggered four-year terms and and pharmaceuticals. TMCx is also are not term-limited. The current home to Johnson & Johnson’s Center Harris County Judge is Lina Hidalgo. for Device Innovation, a one-of-a-kind The county’s General Fund budget for medical device prototyping lab. Also accelerator program for companies In ’19, ABB opened a first-of-its-kind fiscal year ’20 is $3.1 billion. housed within the TMC Innovation developing digital health services. robotics laboratory inside the TMC space, the AT&T Foundry is an Innovation Institute.

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Texas Government Taxation The chief executive of the State of The sales and use tax in the State City of Houston and many of the Ad valorem property tax is the primary Texas is the governor. Other elected of Texas is 6.25 percent. The City unincorporated parts of Harris County. source of local government revenue in officials with executive responsibilities of Houston levies an additional the Houston region. State legislative districts partly or include the lieutenant governor, 1.0 percent. The Harris County The table below shows typical tax entirely within the Houston MSA attorney general, comptroller of Metropolitan Transit Authority levies rates for property located within FULL MARKET VALUE public accounts, commissioner of the STATE SENATE DISTRICTS an additional 1.0 percent in areas Houston city limits. The tax rates OF TAX ROLL  General Land Office, commissioner it serves, which includes the entire are expressed as dollars per 3 4 5 6 7 11 $100 taxable value. of agriculture and the railroad | | | | | Houston ISD commissioner. These elected offices 13 | 15 | 17 | 18 have a term of four years. 242.8 illion Tax Rate per $100 Taxable Value | 2019 STATE HOUSE OF TYPICAL PROPERTY TAXES The Texas Legislature has 181 REPRESENTATIVES DISTRICTS Cit o Houston members: 31 in the State Senate, who Houston Independent Houston City of Houston Harris County School District Community College 24.6 illion are elected to four-year overlapping 3 | 13 | 15 | 16 | 18 | 23 | 24 terms, and 150 in the State House 25 26 27 28 29 85 $0.56792 $0.40713 $1.2067 $0.100263 of Representatives, who are elected | | | | | Harris Count 126 127 128 129 130 to two-year terms. Regular sessions | | | | 60.7 illion of the state legislature convene on 131 | 132 | 133 | 134 | 135 Total Property Tax Rate 2.282013 the second Tuesday of January in 137 | 138 | 139 | 140 | 141 Source: Harris County Appraisal District odd-numbered years. The Texas 142 143 144 145 146 Constitution limits the regular session | | | | to 140 calendar days; however, the 147 | 148 | 149 | 150 governor may call special 30-day sessions if needed. Public Safety

HOUSTON POLICE DEPARTMENT HARRIS COUNTY SHERIFF’S rating from the Insurance Service Organization and is the world’s (HPD) OFFICE (HCSO) largest fire department to receive HPD’s budget for FY ’20 is Founded in 1837, HCSO is the largest accreditation from the Commission Local Council of Governments $899.9 million. sheriff’s office in Texas and the third on Fire Service International. The The Houston-Galveston Area Matagorda, Montgomery, Walker, workforce and economic development. largest in the . City of Houston has 105 fire stations Council (H-GAC) is a regional Waller and Wharton), 177 cities and 84 As one of the country’s largest council The HPD budget funds a total of equipped with 87 engine companies, council of governments in the school districts. of governments, H-GAC provides a 6,395 full-time-equivalent (FTE) HCSO’s FY ’20 operating budget is 92 ambulances (36 with advanced life 13-county Gulf Coast planning forum for jurisdictions of all sizes to police personnel, of which 5,256 are $717.4 million. support), 2 hazmat response units, region. Organized in 1966, H-GAC H-GAC’s regional programs focus solve regional issues; identifies and classified, 976 civilian and 163 police 11 booster trucks, 4 cascade units, The Harris County Sheriff’s Office is overseen by 36 elected officials on community and environmental prioritizes funding opportunities; and cadets in training. 32 ladder trucks, and 13 evacuation provides law enforcement protection that represent 13 counties (Austin, planning, data tools and resources, helps analyze trends and conditions and rescue boats. HPD’s estimated average response to the 4.7 million residents in Brazoria, Chambers, Colorado, Fort disaster planning and recovery, affecting the region. time in ’19 was 5.8 minutes for priority Harris County. Bend, Galveston, Harris, Liberty, transportation planning, public safety, In ’19, HFD responded to 336,718 one calls and 10.66 minutes for incidents. Of these incidents, there priority two calls. HCSO employs over 4,600 employees were 43,774 fire-related incidents and 200 volunteer reserve deputies. with a first unit response time of 7.5 HPD responded to 1,082,782 calls for minutes and 292,944 EMS related service in '19. incidents with a first unit response U.S. Congress time of 7.6 minutes. (HFD) HFD’s FY ’20 budget is $507.1 million HFD is the largest fire department and supports 3,998.1 FTE employees, in the U.S. to possess a Class 1 U.S. House of Representatives legislative districts partly or entirely within the Houston MSA: of whom 97 are civilians. District 2 | Harris County District 14 | Brazoria and Galveston Counties District 7 | Harris County District 18 | Harris County Libraries District 8 | Harris and Montgomery Counties District 22 | Brazoria, Fort Bend and Harris Counties The Houston Public Library (HPL) is Children’s Museum of Houston. The The Harris County Public Library District 9 | Brazoria, Fort Bend and Harris Counties District 29 | Harris County comprised of 44 branches including system has a total collection of three (HCPL) system is a network of 26 31 neighborhood libraries, four million items. In ’19, HPL served 8.2 branches with 1.9 million items Austin, Harris and Waller Counties Chambers, Harris and Liberty Counties District 10 | District 36 | regional libraries, four express million visitors and circulated 5.7 in its collection. In ’19, 7.8 million libraries, three special collection million books, magazines, e-books, physical items and 2.7 million digital libraries, the HPL Mobile Express audiobooks, DVDs and CDs. items were borrowed by 1.7 million and a satellite library located at the library card holders.

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INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION Greater Houston Area , Fall 2019

FALL 2019 TWO-YEAR COMMUNITY COLLEGES ENROLLMENT 77,810 Houston Community College 47,703 EDUCATION San Jacinto Community College District 39,303 Blinn College District* 19,184 SELECTED HOUSTON-AREA INDEPENDENT SCHOOL DISTRICTS (ISDS) Elementary and 7,528 AND CHARTER MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATIONS (CMOS) Secondary Education Wharton County Junior College* 6,903 2018-2019 Alvin Community College 5,995 The 11-county Greater Houston area TOTAL STUDENTS STUDENT-TEACHER ISD OR CMO CAMPUSES COUNTY contains more than 60 independent College of the Mainland Community College District 4,702 FALL ’18 RATIO school districts (ISDs) and 40 state- Brazosport College 4,224 HOUSTON 281 209,040 18.2 Harris approved charter management Lamar Institute of Technology* 4,022 CYPRESS-FAIRBANKS 87 116,245 16 Harris organizations (CMOs). Charter schools and ISDs in the Houston metro 2,325 KATY 68 79,710 15.1 Harris area enrolled more than 1.3 million Texas State Technical College-Fort Bend 531 FORT BEND 80 75,797 16.3 Fort Bend students, approximately one out of ALDINE 82 66,763 16.4 Harris every four school-aged children in 220,230 STUDENTS CONROE 59 62,577 16.4 Montgomery Texas, in fall ’18. FALL 2019 FOUR-YEAR OR ABOVE ENROLLMENT KLEIN 49 53,252 15.1 Harris Houston Independent School District PASADENA 67 53,157 13.9 Harris (HISD) is the seventh largest public Texas A&M University-College Station* 63,927 ALIEF 46 45,423 13.9 Harris school system in the nation and University of Houston 46,137 the largest in Texas. In the ’18-19 HUMBLE 46 43,441 15.7 Harris Sam Houston State University* 21,360 school year, HISD operated 279 CLEAR CREEK 45 42,042 16.6 Galveston campuses and enrolled more than Lamar University* 15,140 SPRING 39 35,348 16.3 Harris 209,000 students. University of Houston-Downtown 14,680 SPRING BRANCH 47 34,632 15.4 Harris Prairie View A&M University 9,170 LAMAR CISD* 39 33,347 16.1 Fort Bend University of Houston-Clear Lake 9,092 ALVIN 30 25,732 15.1 Brazoria Texas Southern University 9,034 GOOSE CREEK CISD* 30 23,765 15.5 Harris Higher Education Rice University 7,135 GALENA PARK 25 22,264 16.4 Harris Houston area colleges and UT Health Science Center-Houston 5,353 PEARLAND 24 21,526 16.5 Brazoria universities enrolled more than University of Houston-Victoria* 4,501 TOMBALL 20 16,920 16.2 Harris 440,000 students across more Houston Baptist University 3,741 KIPP PUBLIC CHARTER (HOUSTON) 30 16,876 19.9 Harris than 35 academic institutions in Texas A&M Health Science Center 3,592 NEW CANEY 20 15,360 14.9 Montgomery the fall of ’18, according to the National Center for Education MAGNOLIA 17 13,231 16.2 Montgomery UT Medical Branch-Galveston 3,525 Statistics. Undergraduates University of St. Thomas 3,454 DEER PARK 14 12,812 15.6 Harris comprised 87.1 percent of enrolled BRAZOSPORT 20 12,385 14.7 Brazoria students in the region. Texas A&M University at Galveston 1,648 YES PREP PUBLIC SCHOOLS 14 11,405 15.8 Harris Baylor College of Medicine 1,577 Houston benefits from three Tier DICKINSON 18 11,129 14.5 Galveston I research universities in close Texas Woman's University-Houston 1,184 HUNTSVILLE 11 8,898 22.3 Walker proximity. Rice University and the South of Law Houston 975 WALLER 8 7,382 15.9 Waller University of Houston are located UT M.D. Anderson Cancer Center 377 directly within the Houston MSA, 7 6,568 15.6 Liberty while Texas A&M University in College 224,418 STUDENTS BARBERS HILL 9 5,710 14.4 Chambers Station is within 100 miles of Metro SEALY 4 2,751 13.1 Austin Houston. The three universities TOTAL 444,648 STUDENTS have the highest ranking under the SHEPHERD 4 2,026 15.3 San Jacinto Source: Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board Carnegie classification system for Source: Texas Education Agency, Texas Academic Performance Reports, 2018-19 research activity. *located outside Houston MSA but within 100-mile radius.

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owned within the conduit. However, the City has sufficient water supplies The City has three purification plants: fiber route miles are measured by for its wholesale and retail customers the Northeast Water Plant, the East conduit length. through the year 2050. Water Plant and the Southeast Water Plant. The Northeast Water Plant is Twenty-four carriers operate or The City owns water rights to currently undergoing an expansion provide fiber service in Houston over 1.2 billion gallons per day of that will increase the plant’s capacity including, AT&T, Centurylink, reliable surface water and over 200 from 80 mgd to 400 mgd by ’24. Crown Castle, Consolidated million gallons per day of available Communications, Fiberlight, groundwater supplies. The City of Houston’s drinking water Phonoscope, Verizon, Windstream, XO system maintains a “Superior” rating, Communications and Zayo. The City of Houston owns a 70 the highest rating for water quality percent share of Lake Livingston, issued by the Texas Commission on Fifty-five companies operate 42 70 percent of Lake Conroe and 100 Environmental Quality (TCEQ). fiber-lit data centers, colocation, or percent of Lake Houston. The City carrier hotel facilities in Houston of Houston is also promised 70 including, but not limited to, Alpheus, percent of the water rights for Allens WASTEWATER CentruryLink, CyrusOne, Data Creek Reservoir, a proposed lake Foundry, Digital Reality, Fiberlite, in Austin County. The City of Houston operates 39 Internap, Softlayer Technologies, wastewater treatment plants, three Stratitsphere, Sungard Availability Houston's Drinking Water Operations wet weather facilities, 18 storm water and The Planet. produced and distributed more than underpass pump stations and over 160 billion gallons of water in ’17, the 383 lift stations. The City treats an most recent data available, through average of 250 mgd of wastewater WATER a 7,000-mile pipeline distribution with an overall permitted capacity system. The City of Houston treated of 564 mgd. It maintains 6,100 INFRASTRUCTURE The City of Houston is the regional an average of 449 million gallons miles of sewer pipelines with over water provider for Harris County of water per day in ’17. Most of this 127,000 manholes. and portions of three surrounding water is used for industrial and counties. At projected usage rates, manufacturing purposes. Utilities

• • ELECTRICITY AND NATURAL GAS CNP’s Houston Electric owns The Public Utilities Commission and operates 3,811 circuit miles of Texas (PUC) has certified 291 Headquartered in Houston, of overhead and 26 miles of active Competitive Local Exchange CenterPoint Energy (CNP) is a underground electric transmission Carriers to provide local phone domestic energy delivery company lines, 29,303 circuit miles of service in the state. that includes electric transmission and overhead and 25,935 miles of • The Texas PUC has registered 221 distribution, natural gas distribution, underground distribution lines, active long-distance Interexchange competitive natural gas sales and 236 major substation sites with Carriers. services, interstate pipelines, and a capacity of 68,053 megavolt field services operations. According to amperes and 15 regional service • Numerous cellular service CNP’s ’19 Annual Report: centers. providers offer mobile voice and data communications in the • CNP’s assets total nearly $29.0 • In ’19, CenterPoint Energy Houston MSA, and Houston was billion. Resources Corporation (CERC) first in the nation to install Verizon owned and operated an • The company employs 14,262, of 5G broadband in October ’18. which approximately 4,200 work in underground natural gas storage Houston. facility with a combined capacity of 7.0 bcf, 10 propane-air plants FIBER • CNP, via its subsidiary Houston with a production rate of 198,000 Electric, serves 2,534,286 dekatherms (dth) per day, and a Houston added 545 miles of carrier Texas Gulf customers (2,243,188 liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant fiber since the first quarter of ‘19. residential and 291,098 facility with a 12 million-gallon LNG As of Q1/20, the Houston metro has commercial/industrial). storage tank and production rate of 12,592 installed fiber carrier miles, the • CNP’S electric utility business 72,000 Dth per day. equivalent of 7,910 fiber route miles. A serves more than 2.5 million fiber conduit can have 12 to 1,024 fiber metered customers in the strands inside it, and carriers can own Houston region. Houston Electric TELECOMMUNICATIONS multiple strands within each conduit. Fiber carrier miles are measured by Fiber Routes has a Smart Grid, a private Houston is served by seven area strand length in each conduit, but telecommunications network and Miles codes: 281, 346, 409, 713, 832, 936 0 5 10 only one strand per carrier is counted a wireless radio frequency mesh and 979, four of which overlap. telecommunications network. regardless of the number of strands

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Land Transportation Sea Ports The Houston region has four seaports MOTOR FREIGHT LINES Highway Spending: In FY ’19, METRO operates 114 routes and three which handled 242.9 million metric the TxDOT spent $1.5 billion on light-rail lines that travel more than tons of trade in ’19. 1,067 long-distance trucking construction and maintenance 22 track miles. establishments operate in projects in the Houston District. the Houston MSA. Ridership in ’19, including bus, rail Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT): and Park & Ride, totaled 86.1 million Motorists traveled a total of passengers, up 0.4 percent from ’18, In '18, the most recent year for which RAILROADS 96,685,315 vehicle miles per day according to annual calculations from data is available, the Port of Houston in the Houston district in ’19. The METRO’s Monthly Ridership Reports. ranked 27th in total tonnage (foreign The Houston area is served by average daily VMT per vehicle was and domestic) and 23rd in foreign BNSF Railway Company, Kansas City 17.6 miles based on the 5,478,148 Passenger boardings in ’19 averaged tonnage (imports and exports) among Southern Railway Company and Union vehicles registered in the region. 7.2 million per month. U.S. ports, according to the U.S. Army Pacific Railroad Company. Businesses Corps of Engineers. Globally, the Port along the are Daily fixed-route weekday ridership in of Houston ranks as the 16th largest served by the , Port METROPOLITAN TRANSIT ’19 averaged 282,397 boardings. port in the world by total tonnage. Terminal Railroad Association and AUTHORITY (METRO) Texas City Terminal Railway Company. All buses on METRO’s 114 bus routes Container service was initiated in Eight mainline tracks and five branch Created and funded with a one-cent and all METRORail vehicles are fully Houston in 1956. Today the Port of line tracks radiate from Houston. sales tax in a 1978 voter referendum, accessible to disabled patrons. Houston is the largest Gulf Coast the Metropolitan Transit Authority METROLift offers prescheduled container port, handling 69 percent of provides daily passenger of Harris County began operations curb-to-curb service for disabled U.S. Gulf Coast container traffic and cargo and hauled in 3.0 million busiest U.S. container port in ’19, service in Houston via the Sunset in January 1979. patrons who cannot use METRO’s 96 percent of Texas container traffic. TEUs (twenty-foot equivalent units) based on total TEUs. Limited route that travels from fixed-route service. In November in ’19, setting new port records New Orleans to San Antonio METRO serves an area of 1,303 square '19, voters approved a $3.5 billion The Port of Houston handled 27.4 for containers handled in a year. Foreign shipments in ’19 totaled and Los Angeles. miles with 21 transit centers, 8,964 plan to be pared with $4.0 billion million metric tons of containerized The Port ranked as the sixth 195.0 million metric tons valued at bus stops and 27 Park & Ride lots, in local and federal resources to $157.5 billion. Foreign imports were according to METRO Highlights ’19. add more than 500 miles of travel 55.6 million metric tons, valued at INTRACOASTAL WATERWAY improvements to the region. Port of Houston, 2019 $63.4 billion. Foreign exports were METRO’s fleet included 1,236 active TOP 5 TRADING PARTNERS 139.3 million metric tons, valued The Texas portion of the Gulf at $93.8 billion. buses and 76 light-rail train cars. RANK TOP FIVE BY VALUE VALUE Intracoastal Waterway stretches 423 miles. The main channel is 12 1 Mexico 14,125.2 The Port of Houston traded with feet deep and 125 feet wide. The 209 countries in ’19. Of those, 2 China 11,740.5 entire Gulf Intracoastal Waterway trade with 35 countries exceeded spans approximately 1,100 miles 3 10,430.0 one billion dollars each, and trade from Brownsville, Texas to St. Mark’s, with 178 countries exceeded one 4 South Korea 8,100.1 Florida. Texas’ portion of the Gulf 105 million dollars. Mexico was the

Coast Intracoastal Waterway facilitates 69 5 7,373.7 Port’s top trading partner by both the transportation of up to 90 million 45 value and weight. 249 TOTAL TOP 5 TRADING PARTNERS $51,769.5 M tons of freight annually. 59 99 ALL OTHER TRADING PARTNERS $105,776.5 M HOUSTON SHIP CHANNEL 290 " 1960 IAH 90 TOTAL ALL TRADING PARTNERS $157,546.0 M FREEWAYS, HIGHWAYS AND TOLL 8 H 146 36 69 The Houston Ship Channel, a 52-mile ROADS 90 10 inland waterway, connects Houston 610 RANK TRADING PARTNERS WEIGHT There are 3,309 centerline miles 10 99 with the sea lanes of the world. Its 610 Port of turning basin is eight miles east of and 10,759 lane miles of freeways Houston 1 Mexico 31,096.7 90 " and expressways in operation, HOU Houston’s central business district. 2 Brazil 14,078.1 according to the Texas Department 6 646 146 Most of the channel has a minimum of Transportation (TxDOT) Houston Port of 3 South Korea 11,476.7 Texas City District. The Houston District includes 59 width of 530 feet and a depth of 45 Port Galveston 4 Japan 11,087.5 Brazoria, Fort Bend, Galveston, Harris, feet at mean low tide. Montgomery and Waller Counties. 5 India 9,338.5 69 More than 330 public and private BNSF - Burlington Northern Sante Fe 77,077.5 K terminals, owned by more than Corridors: Houston’s major 288 KCS - Kansas City Southern TOTAL TOP 5 TRADING PARTNERS 35 METRIC TONS 150 companies, line both sides thoroughfares include Beltway 8, Port Freeport PTRA - Port Terminal Rail Assoc. Fort Bend Tollway, SH 99 Grand of the channel and serve one of 60 ALL OTHER TRADING PARTNERS 117,896.1 K Parkway, Hardy Tollway, I-10, I-45, UP - Union Pacific the world’s largest petrochemical I-610, SH 6, SH 146, SH 225, SH 288, International Airport TOTAL ALL TRADING PARTNERS 194,973.6 K industrial complexes. US 59/I-69, US 90, US 290 and the Sea Port Westpark Tollway. Source: WISERTrade

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a budget of $1.2 billion and includes AIR CARRIERS SERVING THE HOUSTON AIRPORT SYSTEM PORT OF HOUSTON TOTAL TRADE VALUE AND SEAPORTS RANKED BY refurbishing the existing Terminal 2019 D facility, as well as demolishing WEIGHT BY COMMODITY 2019 FOREIGN TRADE the Terminal D/E parking garage to GEORGE BUSH INTERCONTINENTAL (IAH) RANK COMMODITY VALUE allow for an international terminal Port of Houston processor for passengers. The Airlines Offering Direct Domestic Flights 1 Mineral fuels, oil, refined products 60,081.6 plans are expected to be mostly metric tons Alaska Airlines Delta Airlines Spirit Airlines 2 Organic chemicals 15,065.2 194,973,595 complete by ’24. U.S. Rank | 1 American Airlines Frontier Airlines United Airlines 3 Industrial equipment and computers 13,655.6 In ’18, the Boutique Air JetBlue Airways allocated $18.8 million toward phase 4 Plastics and plastic products 10,992.4 Port Freeport one of the Houston Spaceport 5 Articles of iron or steel 7,154.7 development project. This expansion Airlines Offering Direct International Flights metric tons 22,497,283 to Ellington Airport will add streets, Aeromexico British Airways Qatar Airways TOTAL TOP 5 COMMODITIES $106,949.4 M U.S. Rank | 17 water, wastewater, electrical power distribution facilities, and Air Emirates Airlines ALL OTHER COMMODITIES $50,596.6 M communications facilities in order to Air China Ethiopian Spirit Airlines TOTAL ALL COMMODITIES $157,546.0 M prepare for future commercial space Port of Texas City Air France EVA Air United Airlines flight tenants. The Houston Aerospace metric tons Support Center, a 53,000-square foot Air New Zealand InterJet VivaAerobus RANK COMMODITY WEIGHT 20,059,242 facility at the Spaceport, was fully U.S. Rank | 18 All Nippon Airways KLM Volaris 1 Mineral fuels, oil, refined products 133,205.8 leased in ’19, with lab and office space Royal Dutch Airlines tenants including Intuitive Machines AVIANCA WestJet Airlines 2 Organic chemicals 17,574.7 Lufthansa and . Bahamas Air 3 Plastics and plastic products 8,912.0 metric tons Houston offers scheduled passenger 4 Salt, sulfur, stone, lime, and cement plaster 5,840.8 5,411,356 air service to 117 domestic and 67 WILLIAM P. HOBBY AIRPORT (HOU) U.S. Rank | 47 international destinations; 28 airlines 5 Cereals 5,576.9 provide scheduled passenger Airlines Offering Direct Airlines Offering Direct 171,110.2 K Source: WISERTrade service from Houston. Domestic Flights International Flights TOTAL TOP 5 COMMODITIES METRIC TONS American Airlines Southwest Airlines ALL OTHER COMMODITIES 23,863.4 K Delta Airlines TOTAL ALL COMMODITIES 194,973.6 K Southwest Airlines

Source: WISERTrade from U.S. Census Bureau Foreign Trade Division data

Air Transportation Houston is the international air • IAH ranked as the 10th best airport HAS Statistics: gateway to the Central United States in the nation on the Wall Street and Latin America. With the addition Journal U.S. airport rankings HAS served 59.7 million passengers in The Houston Airport System handled of international air service at Hobby released November ’19. Among ’19, up 2.4 percent from ’18. a total of 525,321 metric tons of air Airport in ’15, Houston became the the 15 factors in the study, IAH was freight in ’19, down 2.0 percent from ’18 International traffic Domestic passenger only city in Texas with two airports ranked first for On-Site Parking increased 1.7 percent totals increased International Domestic cargo offering international service and one Cost, sixth for Satisfaction, and to 12.0 million 2.6 percent to 47.7 cargo accounted accounted for of only eight such cities nationwide. eighth for TSA Screening Time and passengers in ’19 million in ’19 for 43.6 percent 56.4 percent of Nonstop Destinations Served. of total air freight total air freight The Houston Airport System (HAS) was recognized with a number In July ’18, Southwest began shipping At George Bush International (IAH), of awards in ’19: international cargo between the U.S. domestic passengers numbered 34.2 Including IAH, HOU and Ellington Airport and Mexico from Hobby Airport. • George Bush Intercontinental million in ’19, up 3.4 percent from ’18 EFD, the FAA lists 35 public-use airports (IAH) ranked ninth among “mega In October ’18, Houston City Council and heliports located in the nine counties airports” in the U.S. and William P. approved the updated contracts and that comprise the Houston MSA Hobby Airport (HOU) ranked 10th funding for the redevelopment of At William P. Hobby Airport (HOU), Austin County 1 | Brazoria 8 | Chambers 3 among “large airports” in the U.S. George Bush Intercontinental Airport. domestic passengers totaled 13.6 Fort Bend 6 | Galveston 3 | Harris 9 according to J.D. Power airport The adjusted International Terminal million in ’19, up 1.2 percent from ’18 Liberty 2 | Montgomery 2 | Waller 1 satisfaction rankings released in Redevelopment Program (ITRP) has September ’19.

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LIFE IN HOUSTON COMMUNICATIONS Cost of Living Houston’s living costs are 25.4 (C2ER). Houston’s overall living costs the average for all U.S. metros. percent below the average of are 4.5 percent below the average for Excluding the two most expensive AND MEDIA the nation’s 20 most populous all U.S. metros. housing markets, New York and metropolitan areas, ranking it the third San Francisco, which tend to skew Houston has 255 professional media most affordable, according to the Cost Housing costs in Houston are the average, Houston’s housing outlets, including 174 print and Broadcast of Living Index from the Council for 49.3 percent below the average costs are 38.8 percent below the online publications, 37 television According to Nielsen, the Houston from politics and hurricane season to Community and Economic Research for the nation’s 20 most populous major metro average. stations and 44 radio stations. The metro areas and 9.8 percent below , with nearly 1,000 television market was the eighth largest sports and religion. One of Houston’s employees, is the region’s largest in the nation in ’19, making up 2.2 podcasts on classical music, Classical percent of all TV households in the U.S. Classroom, is regularly listed in media employer. The University of COST OF LIVING COMPARISONS 2019 Annual Average Houston’s KUHT, which aired its first the top 50 most popular music 20 Most Populous U.S. Metros* | (Average for 266 Urban Areas = 100) Houston’s podcast industry is also broadcast May 25, 1953, is the oldest podcasts on iTunes. booming, offering topics varying MISC. public television station in the U.S. TRANSPOR- HEALTH URBAN AREA COMPOSITE GROCERIES HOUSING UTILITIES GOODS & TATION CARE SERVICES TOP LOCAL TV NEWS STATIONS INCLUDE New York (Manhattan), NY 237.4 139.7 514.0 120.6 128.6 110.5 136.2 COMMUNICATIONS MEDIA BY TYPE Houston MSA, 2019* NBC-affiliate KPRC Channel 2 | CBS-affiliate KHOU Channel 11 | ABC- San Francisco, CA 196.6 130.9 364.8 123.2 145.0 129.5 133.2 affiliate KTRK Channel 13 | Fox-affiliate KRIV Channel 26 | CW-affiliate KIAH Washington, DC 159.0 115.7 274.0 118.1 110.4 95.7 118.0 TV Channel 39 | Univision-affiliate KXLN Channel 45 | -affiliate Seattle, WA 156.7 128.8 255.0 108.1 137.6 128.6 136.0 37 establishments 1,500 jobs KTMD Channel 47 Boston, MA 150.1 109.0 226.1 120.6 111.8 118.2 129.1

THE MOST POPULAR LOCAL RADIO STATIONS, BY SHARE OF Los Angeles, CA 145.9 116.0 228.1 106.3 134.5 110.7 111.8 $92,768 annual wage LISTENERSHIP, INCLUDE San Diego, CA 141.3 115.8 213.9 123.3 128.9 107.2 107.1 Chicago, IL 120.0 101.6 154.0 92.4 125.6 100.0 109.3 KLTN-FM Qué Buena 102.9 | KODA-FM Sunny 99.1 | KGLK-FM Houston Radio Eagle 107.5 | KMJQ-FM Majic 102.1 | KKHH-FM The Spot 95.7 , FL 114.4 110.2 142.7 102.1 101.3 100.5 102.5 , CO 110.8 98.0.0 137.8 80.6 100.8 103.6 106.5 44 establishments 975 jobs according to ratings from Nielson , PA 110.5 118.4 115.2 105.7 115.9 101.7 104.6 Dallas, TX $78,052 annual wage 107.7 100.0 117.5 106.9 96.6 105.4 106.6 Digital and Print Minneapolis, MN 106.2 103.3 101.7 97.6 104.3 105.5 113.7 Atlanta, GA 102.4 103.1 102.4 85.2 103.4 107.0 105.9 Print Houston’s major daily newspaper is Other top print and digital outlets in Detroit, MI 99.5 95.3 96.2 91.4 107.4 94.6 104.3 the Houston Chronicle, which was Houston include: Bisnow, CityBook, 174 establishments 3,130 jobs founded in 1901. The paper has the Community Impact, Culture Map Phoenix, AZ 98.9 99.4 102.6 109.6 107.0 90.1 91.8 second highest circulation in Texas Houston, Houston Business Journal, HOUSTON, TX 95.5 88.2 90.2 105.9 95.1 92.0 100.2 $85,765 annual wage and consistently ranks among the 15 , Houston Public Media, Tampa, FL 90.9 104.5 78.3 86.0 99.2 98.2 93.6 most widely read newspapers in the Houstonia Magazine, Houston Style *Note: Four quarters ending Q3/19. country. The newspaper’s website Magazine, Intown Magazine, Local St. Louis, MO 87.6 104.1 69.0 100.0 91.5 91.2 90.9 Source: Texas Labor Market Information, receives over 15 million unique visitors Houston, PaperCity, Realty News Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages *Metro areas represented by most dominant urban area. Riverside, California, is among the 20 most populous metros, but did not submit COLI data. each month and distributes over half a Report and Swamplot. Source: Council for Community and Economic Research (C2ER), Cost of Living Index, 2019 Annual Average Data (Data based on a survey of 266 urban million copies every week. areas, published January 2020)

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Weather Lodging Houston welcomed 22.3 million out- and motel rooms under construction at million in revenue for their owners, TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY of-town visitors in ’18, the latest data the time. Annual room occupancy was up 54.6 percent from last year. The available. Every year, visitors from 63.0 percent in ’19 with an average average daily Airbnb rate in ’19 was Normal (30-year average) daily across the nation and around the room rate of $101.92 per night. $120.33. Bookings for entire homes maximum temperatures: January world come to enjoy the city’s award- or apartments accounted for 88.4 62.9⁰ F; April 79.6⁰ F; July 93.7⁰ F; winning culinary scene, professional Houstonians offered 1,784,023 units percent of all transactions, followed October 82.0⁰ F. sports teams, annual rodeo, and pop (any space, such as an entire home, by private rooms (11.4 percent) and culture convention , private room, or shared room listed shared rooms (0.2 percent). The Normal (30-year average) daily among many other events and for rent) on Airbnb in ’19, up 42.3 highest number of active units (at least minimum temperatures: January attractions. According to CBRE Hotels, percent from ’18. Just over half of the one night sold within a month) was 43.2⁰ F; April 59.4⁰ F; July 75.1⁰ F; in Q4/19, the Houston MSA had 981 units, or 54.4 percent, were rented reached in December ’19. October 60.9⁰ F. major hotels and motels, with 94,401 out during the year. These 970,909 rental bookings created $116.9 Record extremes: 109˚F on August 27, total rooms. There were 4,070 hotel 2011 and September 4, 2000; 7˚F on December 23, 1989.

Humidity averaged 86 percent at midnight; 92 percent at 6:00 a.m.; Dining 62 percent at noon; 68 percent at 6:00 p.m. in ’18. Houston restaurants feature & Vegetarians” as well as being the Houston area, earned the city outstanding regional dishes as well home to three of Texas Monthly’s a spot on “The 20 Best Places to The Houston MSA lies in a zone with as diverse international cuisine. In top 10 “Best New Restaurants in Travel in 2020,” compiled by Harper’s 260-275 frost-free days per year. the four quarters ending Q3/19, the Texas for 2020”. Bazaar. Since Houston’s first food Houston MSA was home to 11,692 food hall opened in ’16, four more have service and drinking establishments Numerous dining options, and the launched in the city, with an additional PRECIPITATION that employed more than 265,222. increasing number of food halls in six in the works. These establishments included: 4,462 Houston had 51.9 inches of rain in HOUSTON WEATHER  full-service restaurants, 4,484 limited- ’19, higher than the 30-year annual 97.5 service eating places and 652 drinking average of 49.8 inches. 9.1 93.1 91. establishments. .5 Thunderstorms occurred on 74 days in 0.1 1.9 The Houston MSA food service and ’19, higher than the 48-year average of 77. Average 75. High Temp (˚F) drinking establishments had sales 62.8 days per year. 72.1 73.5 7. 70.7 70.5 9.5 of $18.1 billion in the four quarters 7.7 ANNUAL 0.7 Record monthly rainfall: 39.1 inches .1 ending Q3/19, according to the State 1. in August ’17, breaking the previous 59.2 Comptroller’s office. Average record of 19.2 inches in June ’01. 51.7 51.9 9.5 Low Temp (˚F) According to Yelp.com, Houston has 5. ANNUAL nearly 130 categories of cuisine, Highest rainfall in a 24-hour period: 2.7 1. 15.0 including Afghan, Georgian and Polish 18.1 inches fell on August 26-27, 2017 Total restaurants. Houston is also home to during , breaking 7.2 .9 5. Precipitation .1 3. 2. (inches) nearly 1,000 food trucks and stands the previous record of 11.0 inches 1.7 0.5 2. 1.1 1.1 on June 8-9, 2001 during Tropical ANNUAL 51.9 and about 100 wine bars. There are Storm Allison. an e Mar Apr Ma un ul Au Sep Oct Nov Dec also over 64 active breweries or craft beer establishments in the region, an Note: Recorded at George Bush Intercontinental Airport’s weather station. Houston has had 16 measurable Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration increase of 355% from ‘13, when the snowfalls since 1939. area had 18. In ’19, three Houston-area breweries won medals at the annual Record monthly snowfall: 2.8 inches in Related Normal (27-year) averages: WIND Great American Beer Festival. February 1973. • “Clear” on 90.3 days, concentrated Prevailing wind in ’19 was south- Houston’s reputation as a culinary Record daily snowfall: 2.0 inches in in September, October and southeasterly at an average speed hotspot is recognized by the James January 1973. November. of 7.7 miles per hour—consistent Beard Foundation, the organization • “Partly cloudy” on 114.5 days, with the Normal (34-year average) that bestows the James Beard Awards, typical of June through August. speed of 7.5 mph. commonly known as the “Oscars SUNSHINE • of the food world.” The greater “Cloudy” on 160.3 days, common in Houston area received 13 semifinalist Houston averages 59 percent of December through February. Fog nominations for the 2020 awards. possible sunshine annually, ranging limiting visibility to a quarter of a Additionally, the city is in the top 20 from 45 percent in January to 70 mile or less occurs on average 23.9 for WalletHub’s “Best Cities for Vegans percent in July. days per year.

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REVENTION MUSIC CENTER, of programs featuring nationally and ’17 and is a premier venue for a wide Arts and Culture formerly known as the Bayou internationally recognized artists. variety of performances and programs. Music Center, seats 2,815 inside This state-of-the-art indoor hall can the 130,000-square-foot Bayou MIDTOWN ARTS & THEATER CENTER seat up to 6,400. In ’19, the Centre and its five theaters house Humphreys School of Musical Theatre PERFORMANCE ARTS Place entertainment complex in HOUSTON (MATCH), which had its ranked seventh in the world in ticket 13,000 seats. The Alley Theatre, and Uniquely Houston (a program that first performances in ’15, was formed Resident companies in drama, . sales for venues under 10,000 seats. Hobby Center for the Performing provides a home venue for Houston's to create a new space for Houston ballet, opera and orchestra perform Arts, Jones Hall, Revention Music smaller and mid-sized nonprofit WORTHAM THEATER CENTER, built artists to collaborate and present their STAFFORD CENTRE, located in year-round in Houston. More than Center and Wortham Theater Center performing arts organizations in entirely with private funds at the work. Over 40 arts groups provided Stafford, includes a performing arts 500 institutions are devoted to the host seven renowned performing the Theater District). Its two stages, height of the 1980’s oil bust on land input for the design of the venue, theater with seating for 1,154 and 24 performing and visual arts, science arts organizations as well as many Sarofim Hall and Zilkha Hall, have provided by the city, opened in 1987. which consists of two buildings with acres of outdoor festival green space. and history in the Houston area. smaller programs. The Theater District seating for 2,650 and 500. The theater is home to the opera and four performance spaces, three Houston’s nonprofit arts and culture also includes one venue dedicated ballet companies, and its two halls, the rehearsal studios, a gallery space and THE in industry generated over $1.1 billion in HOUSTON BALLET’S CENTER FOR solely to dance: Houston Ballet’s Alice and George Brown Theater and offices for arts professionals. Galveston is a Romanesque Revival- total economic activity, according to DANCE is the largest professional Center of Dance. the Lillie and Roy Cullen Theater, seat style theater. Listed in the National the latest Arts & Economic Prosperity dance company facility of its kind in 2,423 and 1,100, respectively. MILLER OUTDOOR THEATRE in Register of Historic Places, the Opera report by Americans for the Arts. This ALLEY THEATRE, home to a nationally the U.S. With 115,000 square feet, the Hermann Park offers free outdoor House has seating for 1,000 and spending – $579.4 million by nonprofit recognized performing arts company, six-story structure with sustainable performances by Houston’s presents Broadway shows, comedians, arts and culture organizations and an offers two stages, the 774-seat features was constructed for $46.6 OTHER VENUES performing arts organizations. The musicians, silent films and more. additional $538.0 million in event- Hubbard Stage and the 296-seat million and opened in ’11. The center city-owned theatre is located on related spending by their audiences Neuhaus Stage, and nearly 500 features nine dance studios and a BERRY CENTER, located in Northwest 7.5 acres of land in Hermann Park, WHITE OAK MUSIC HALL, opened – supports 25,817 full-time equivalent annual performances. Founded in dance lab that seats 175. Houston, includes an 11,000-seat site of the , the Garden in ’16, hosts over 400 live music jobs, generates $801.6 million in 1947, the theater company produces athletic stadium, a conference center Center and the Museum of Natural events per year, from a diverse array JESSE H. JONES HALL FOR THE household income to local residents up to 16 plays annually. Through with over 15,000 square feet, an 8,312- Science. Seating is provided for 1,705 of musical acts and genres, including PERFORMING ARTS, opened in 1966, and delivers $119.3 million in local and its performances and educational seat arena and a 484-seat theater. patrons under the covered pavilion. rock, country, hip-hop, R&B and is home to the Houston Symphony and state government revenue. programs, the company reaches over A sloping lawn accommodates more. The venue provides two indoor the Society for the Performing Arts. CYNTHIA WOODS MITCHELL 200,000 people each year. approximately 4,500 more on blankets performance stages, supporting Spanning an entire city block, the hall PAVILION, located in The Woodlands, or lawn chairs. 200 and 1,000 attendees, and an THEATER DISTRICT VENUES HOBBY CENTER FOR THE offers 250 events annually and seats offers outdoor performance space and outdoor amphitheater that can fit PERFORMING ARTS, opened in ’02, 2,912. More than 400,000 visitors accommodates 16,500. Established SMART FINANCIAL CENTRE, located over 3,000 people. Houston’s Theater District, located in is home to Theatre Under the Stars attend performances each year. in 1990, it presents an eclectic range in Sugar Land, opened in January downtown Houston, spans 17 blocks, (TUTS), Broadway Across America, the

Arts Organizations

DANCE that provides literary performances, writing workshops and financial HOUSTON BALLET, founded in 1955 support for emerging writers. Inprint and established as a professional annually serves more than 15,000 company in 1969, is the nation’s fifth readers and writers of fiction, poetry largest ballet company, with annual and creative nonfiction. Literary operating expenses of $33.2 million performance programs have featured and 59 dancers. Houston Ballet has more than 350 celebrated writers toured extensively over the past 15 from 28 countries, including winners years, appearing in Europe, Canada, of seven Nobel Prizes, 12 Man Booker Australia and cities throughout the Prizes, 44 National Book Critics Circle U.S. The company produced nine Awards, 53 National Book Awards, ballets in the ’18-’19 season. Through 56 Pulitzer Prizes as well as 17 U.S. its Education and Community Poets Laureate. Engagement Program, the Houston Ballet is committed to providing high-quality, community-sponsored MUSIC educational programming to the diverse populations of Houston and its DA CAMERA, founded in 1987, surrounding areas. provides thematically programmed concerts with a broad range of repertoire and musical styles. Da LITERATURE Camera also founded the Young Artist Program in ’09 to provide performance INPRINT, founded in 1983, is a opportunities for emerging musicians. literary arts nonprofit organization

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Museums

HOUSTON MUSEUM DISTRICT in all forms. DiverseWorks supports gallery and a library with over 4,000 freedom of artistic expression with books. In addition, the center provides The is an artist-centered focus through a more than 300 photography classes one of the country’s most visited schedule of exhibitions, performances and workshops annually. and diverse cultural centers with 19 and community programs. museums. These museums provide HOUSTON MUSEUM OF AFRICAN rich experiences in art, history, culture, HOLOCAUST MUSEUM HOUSTON, AMERICAN CULTURE (HMAAC), nature and science. The district is opened in 1996, is dedicated established in ’12, exhibits the material divided in four walkable zones, each to educating people about the and intellectual culture of Africans of which includes a group of museums. Holocaust, honoring the survivors' and in Houston, the legacy and remembering the six state of Texas, the Southwest and the ASIA SOCIETY TEXAS CENTER, million Jews and other innocent African Diaspora. opened in ’12, houses the 273-seat victims who died in concentration Brown Foundation Performing Arts camps in WWII. The museum HOUSTON MUSEUM OF NATURAL Theater, the Louisa Stude Sarofim underwent a $34 million expansion in SCIENCE, established in 1909, Gallery and more. One of only 14 ’19, and its new 57,000-square-foot houses four floors of 16 permanent Asia Society locations throughout facility is ranked as the fourth largest exhibits, the Burke Baker Planetarium, the world, the center serves as an Holocaust museum in the nation. Cockrell Butterfly Center and the Asia-Pacific educational and cultural Wortham GIANT Screen Theatre. The institution in the region. HOUSTON ARTS ALLIANCE (HAA) museum also maintains a satellite works to implement local civic art facility in Sugar Land and the George BUFFALO SOLDIERS NATIONAL through grants and investments for Observatory in Fort Bend County, HOUSTON GRAND OPERA (HGO), PERFORMING ARTS MAIN STREET THEATER (MST), MUSEUM, founded in ’01, is the only public art and cultural events. HAA which houses one of the largest founded in 1955, is known worldwide founded in 1975, produces innovative U.S. museum dedicated to preserving recently moved to The Southmore in telescopes in the country. for training young artists and for SOCIETY FOR THE PERFORMING plays for adults and children at its two the legacy and honor of the African- the Museum District. commissioning and presenting new ARTS (SPA),founded in 1966, is locations, one in Rice Village and the American soldiers that served on HOUSTON ZOO seeks to provide works. HGO has presented 67 world the largest nonprofit presenting other at the Midtown Arts & Theater behalf of the United States of America. HOUSTON CENTER FOR a fun and inspirational experience premieres to date. With an operating organization of its kind in Center (MATCH). MST also offers CONTEMPORARY CRAFT, founded fostering appreciation, knowledge and budget of $27 million, HGO presents the Southwest. SPA presents educational and youth programs on- CHILDREN’S MUSEUM OF in ’01, is a nonprofit arts organization care for the natural world. There are six to eight productions per season. internationally acclaimed artists site and at locations throughout the HOUSTON, founded in 1980, has been dedicated to advancing education over 6,000 animals attracting more The opera offers diverse, innovative from all performing artforms, Houston region. ranked as the number one children’s about the process, product and than 2 million guests each year. and wide-reaching community and including large orchestras and dance museum in the U.S. by Parents history of craft. The center is one of education projects. HGO has won companies, and solo performers. STAGES REPERTORY THEATRE, Magazine. Families from 31 countries, the few venues in the U.S. dedicated JUNG CENTER OF HOUSTON was three Emmy Awards, two Grammy founded in 1978, presents plays all 50 states and 905 Texas cities exclusively to craft. founded in 1958 in honor of Carl Awards and a Tony Award. In ’19, and musicals. Stages is Houston’s have visited the Children’s Museum Gustav Jung, the revolutionary HGO was the only American finalist THEATER sixth largest nonprofit performing of Houston. The museum has hands- HOUSTON CENTER FOR psychologist. The center displays new for Opera Company of the Year at the arts producer, the largest outside on galleries and offers a multitude of PHOTOGRAPHY, founded in 1981, art exhibits each month and offers A.D. PLAYERS, founded in 1967, is International Opera Awards. of Houston’s downtown theatre exhibits and programs for children. brings together a community of more than 200 classes annually. Much one of Houston's largest resident district. With an average of 12 people interested in photography and of the featured artwork is generated theater companies, which produces HOUSTON SYMPHONY was founded productions per year and more than CONTEMPORARY ARTS MUSEUM lens-based work. The center offers a by local and regional artists. plays and programs from a Christian in 1913 and is one of the oldest 430 performances, Stages welcomes HOUSTON, founded in 1948, is performing arts organizations in the world-view. The A.D. Players offered 75,000 visitors each season. Stages a non-collecting museum that nation. The Grammy Award-winning five mainstage shows and two Black completed its five-year strategic plan presents regional, national and symphony has a full-time ensemble Box (Aspiring Artist series) theater during the ’19-’20 season, which international art of the past of 88 professional musicians and performances for the ’18–’19 season. included its move to a new three- 40 years through exhibitions presents nearly 170 concerts each A.D. Players perform at the Jeanette theatre campus called The Gordy. accompanied by publications and year. In addition, the musicians and L.M. George Theater. educational programming. offer more than 900 community- THEATRE UNDER THE STARS (TUTS), ENSEMBLE THEATRE, located in based performances each year. The founded in 1968, offers a mix of CZECH CENTER MUSEUM Midtown and established in 1976, is symphony’s long tradition of touring touring musicals and self-produced HOUSTON, opened in 1996, is one of a few professional theaters in has included Europe, Japan, and shows, both new works and revivals, dedicated to the exploration the Southwest devoted to preserving . In ’18, the Houston Symphony performed at the Hobby Center. It also and preservation of Czech and African American artistic expression. won their first ever Grammy award operates the Humphreys School of Slovak heritage, including art, Ensemble Theatre performances for Best Opera Recording of Alban Musical Theatre. The River Performing music and dance. The center reach 65,000 people each year. The Berg’s Wozzeck. and Visual Arts Center merged features a wide array of cultural theatre offers six contemporary and with TUTS in ’10 to provide singing, events, film screenings, art classical works annually, a Performing dancing and acting opportunities to exhibitions and lectures. Arts Education Program and a Young children with disabilities. The theater Performers Program. celebrated its 50th anniversary during DIVERSEWORKS, founded in 1982, the ’18-’19 season. presents and commissions new art

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sale. With two galleries, the art center MILITARY MUSEUM OF TEXAS suit gallery, and the world’s largest functions as a shared space for artists collects, restores and displays collection of moon rocks. and art enthusiasts to create, exhibit military artifacts including vehicles, and experience art. aircraft and artillery field pieces. STATION MUSEUM OF The museum also acts as a research CONTEMPORARY ART is an GALVESTON NAVAL MUSEUM, facility with an online database and exhibition forum for local, national opened in 1971 and located in Seawolf serves as a meeting space for military and international artists with Park, has two drydocked WWII organizations. comprehensive exhibitions from vessels that visitors can explore: Afghanistan, Austria, Colombia, the USS Cavalla submarine, and the NATIONAL MUSEUM OF FUNERAL Congo, Czech Republic, India, Iraq, USS Stewart, the only Edsall-class HISTORY, founded in 1992, houses Mexico, Palestine, Peru, Russia, South destroyer escort preserved in the 15 permanent exhibits of funerary Africa and Venezuela. United States. artifacts, including a rare collection of historical hearses. The museum TEXAS SEAPORT MUSEUM is home GALVESTON RAILROAD MUSEUM, collaborates with the Vatican to to the 1877 tall ship , a National opened in 1983, is located at the display an exhibit on the lives and Historic Landmark that has also been site of the 1932 Santa Fe depot and deaths of the Popes. designated as an American Treasure railyard. The museum also served by the National Trust for Historic as the terminal for the Texas Limited O’KANE GALLERY, University of Preservation. The museum displays excursion train until it ceased Houston–Downtown, established information on seaborn commerce operations in 1996. The museum’s in 1970, annually offers five to six and immigration, including a database artifacts include forty pieces of rolling exhibitions representing a diversity of containing names of over 133,000 LAWNDALE ART CENTER, founded summer ’15 and has completed the at nearby Hobby Airport. The 1928 stock (railcars and locomotives) and artists, themes and mediums. immigrants who entered the U.S. in 1979, is one of the only institutions second phase of construction in ’18. Carter Airmail Hangar onsite is also exhibits detailing rail history. through Galveston. in Houston that is dedicated to Set for completion in late ’20, this open for tours. ORANGE SHOW CENTER FOR the presentation of contemporary $450 million expansion will include HARRIS COUNTY HERITAGE VISIONARY ART is a nonprofit THE HOUSTON FIRE MUSEUM, art with an emphasis on work by a state-of-the-art conservation ART CAR MUSEUM, opened in 1998, SOCIETY operates ten historic organization founded in 1980 that established in 1980 and housed in a regional artists. center and a new tunnel system is a private institution that exhibits buildings that date from 1823 preserves, promotes and documents historic firehouse, provides exhibits, connecting the buildings. contemporary art with a focus on art to 1905, which the organization visionary art environments. The educational programs and public MENIL COLLECTION, opened in cars and other fine arts not typically authentically restored and moved center has been the producer of the events that explore the history of 1987, features a highly acclaimed ROTHKO CHAPEL, founded in seen in museums. Known as the ‘Art to Sam Houston Park. Together with annual Houston Art Car Parade for the Houston’s fire service. Originally collection of some 17,000 works of art, 1971, is a non-denominational place Car Capital,’ Houston has the largest the Museum Gallery, these buildings past 25 years. Fire Station No. 7 and the first paid including masterpieces from antiquity, of meditation and reflection that number of art cars in any city. serve as historic reference points fire station built by the Houston Fire the Byzantine and the tribal cultures welcomes over 100,000 visitors each and exhibition spaces for more than PEARL FINCHER MUSEUM, opened Department, the two-story building of . The museum has one of year. The chapel contains 14 canvases ART LEAGUE HOUSTON, founded 23,000 artifacts that document life in in ’08, is a non-collecting fine art opened in 1899 and had a steamer the world’s foremost collections of by the painter Mark Rothko and is lit in 1948, is one of Houston’s longest- historic Houston. museum that provides a wide array of and hose wagon each pulled by Surrealist holdings. only by skylight. The chapel’s plaza running nonprofits and is dedicated art exhibits and educational programs. horses. Fully renovated, the museum contains an obelisk in memory of Dr. to showcasing local contemporary HOUSTON BLUES MUSEUM, founded Housed in a former county library, the is listed on the National Register of MOODY CENTER FOR THE ARTS, Martin Luther King Jr. The chapel and art. Art League Houston also provides in ’09,works to preserve the legacy Pearl is located in Spring. Historic Places. located at Rice University, serves grounds are undergoing restorations art education and outreach to of Houston’s Blues musicians. The as an experimental platform for and expansions and will reopen underserved communities. museum also provides educational SAN JACINTO MONUMENT AND THE PRINTING MUSEUM, founded creating and presenting art works. in Spring ’20. programs for adults and children. MUSEUM OF HISTORY, located at San in 1979, has interactive tours and The 50,000-square-foot facility newly at Jacinto Battleground State Historic exhibits with over 10,000 items in its constructed in ’17 for $30 million THE HEALTH MUSEUM, founded in the University of Houston, HOUSTON MARITIME MUSEUM has Site, features artifacts and documents permanent collection. Founded by features a striking contemporary 1996, is an interactive science center established in 1973, is dedicated eight galleries with collections of covering Mexican Texas, the Texas four printers, the museum features design with bold geometric and a member institution of the world- to furthering the understanding of maritime artifacts and ship models Revolution and the Republic of Texas. ancient papyrus fragments, a shapes. In ’17, the Moody received renowned Texas Medical Center. With contemporary art through exhibits, throughout history, including exhibits This 1,200-acre site is also a National Johannes Gutenberg Gallery and early a Design Honor Award from the over 2.5 million visitors, the museum is publications and programs. on the history of Buffalo Bayou and Historic Landmark and consists of American and Texan printing. American Institute of Architects, the most visited health museum in the the Houston Ship Channel. the San Jacinto battleground, the California Council. country. In ’17, the museum was named BRYAN MUSEUM, located in the monument with observation floor, THE WOODLANDS CHILDREN’S a Smithsonian Affiliate. historic , ,opened the museum of history and Battleship MUSEUM provides a cooperative MUSEUM OF FINE ARTS, HOUSTON opened in ’15 and houses one of the in 1990, is an aviation museum and Texas. The battleship closed to the learning environment for children, (MFAH), opened in 1924, is the first world’s largest collections of historical STEM learning center. The museum public in ’19 and seeks to be moved to including dynamic workshops and art museum in Texas. The museum is OUTSIDE THE HOUSTON MUSEUM artifacts, documents and artwork is home to the Texas Aviation Hall a new location in ’20. more than 15 interactive exhibits. relating to Texas and the American among the 10 largest art museums in DISTRICT of Fame as well as a collection of the U.S. with more than 65,000 works West. The museum also has a library historic aircraft, hands-on exhibits SPACE CENTER HOUSTON, the UNIVERSITY MUSEUM AT TEXAS of art. The MFAH campus includes two 1940 AIR TERMINAL MUSEUM, and an archive. and a $1 million Aviation Learning Disney-designed visitors’ center SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY (UMUSE), buildings, the Glassell School of Art, a founded in 1940, has a theater Center. The museum’s new for Johnson Space Center, opened opened in 2000, has 11,000 square sculpture garden and more. Satellite and several galleries of aviation FORT BEND ART CENTER, managed $38-million, 130,000-square-foot in 1992 and attracts more than one feet of exhibition space with acoustics facilities include the Bayou Bend memorabilia housed in Houston’s by the Art League of Fort Bend, facility at Houston’s Ellington Airport million visitors per year. It features for musical performances. The Collection and Gardens. The museum original art deco air terminal. The opened in ’18. It is a multi-arts center opened in ’17. two theaters, a starship gallery museum displays a collection of began construction of a new master- museum also serves as a venue with fine artwork by more than 30 that includes the Saturn V Rocket, African and African American art planned campus transformation in for planespotters to view activity member artists on display and for a tram tour of the campus, a space accumulated over four decades.

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Recurring Events and Festivals Religious and Cultural Diversity JANUARY Keels & Wheels Concours d'Elegance Original Greek Festival According to the Kinder Institute for Urban Research’s 39th Annual ’20 Houston Chevron Houston Marathon Pasadena Strawberry Festival Pearland Art & Crafts on the Pavilion Area Survey, 80.1 percent of Harris County residents report that religion is MLK Grande Parade Rails & Tails Mudbug Festival Texas Renaissance Festival “somewhat” or “very” important to them. Among those surveyed, 40.5 percent identify as Protestant and 30.1 percent identify as Catholic. Yet, as the nation’s “Original” MLK, Jr. Birthday Parade JUNE Texian Market Days most diverse city, Houston is also home to a wide array of faith traditions. One FEBRUARY Heritage Month Festival Wings Over Houston Airshow can experience Houston’s religious diversity through the numerous mosques, synagogues, Hindu temples and a Zoroastrian cultural center spotted across the Experimental Action: Performance Art Juneteenth Celebration NOVEMBER region. Representative religious congregations in Houston include: Festival Pride Houston Day of the Dead Mardi Gras! Galveston Texas Outlaw Challenge H-E-B Thanksgiving Day Parade Texas Lunar New Year Celebration JULY Houston Salutes American Heroes AL-NOOR MOSQUE boasts a large CO-CATHEDRAL OF THE SACRED OUR LADY OF GUADALUPE World's Championship Bar-B-Que Veterans Day Celebration Freedom Over Texas Festival gold dome that can be seen from I-69 HEART is a Catholic place of worship CHURCH, founded in 1912 in Contest Houston Zoo Lights and the Westpark Tollway. It is located with a congregational history dating Houston’s Second Ward, was the first Great Texas Mosquito Festival MARCH in Houston’s Hillcroft region, a vibrant back to the 1890s. The current church in Houston to offer services in Interfaith Thanksgiving Service at Star-Spangled Salute center of South Asian culture within cathedral building opened in ’08 Spanish. The parish hosts the oldest Azalea Trail Rothko Chapel AUGUST the city. and features a towering stained- Catholic grade school in Houston. Bayou City Art Festival Memorial Park Lone Star Rally glass display created by artisans in AIA Sandcastle Competition ANTIOCH MISSIONARY BAPTIST St. Martin’s Episcopal Church, founded Buffalo Bayou Regatta Mayor’s Holiday Celebration and Tree Florence, Italy. CHURCH, uniquely located in the in 1952, has grown to become the Houston International Festival Lighting Hermann Park Kite Festival heart of downtown, is a predominantly CONGREGATION BETH YESHURUN, largest Episcopal Church in North Houston Restaurant Weeks Festival of Lights African American church that was the largest conservative synagogue America with more than 9,300 Houston Black Heritage Music & Arts founded by freed slaves in 1866 in the U.S., is important not only for members. The funerals for former Festival Houston Shakespeare Festival Puerto Rican and Cuban Festival and occupies an important place in its 100-year history but also for its president George H. W. Bush and his Houston Holi: Festival of Colors Theater District Open House Texas Championship Native American Houston’s history. location in the Meyerland area, which wife Barbara Bush were both held Pow Wow Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo White Linen Night in the Heights is known as the center of Houston’s at St. Martin’s where they had been BAPS SHRI SWAMINARAYAN The Nutcracker Market Jewish community. active members since the early 1950s. Tour de Houston SEPTEMBER MANDIR, the first traditional Hindu Via Colori Mandir of its kind in the U.S., is ISMAILI JAMATKHANA AND CENTER, ST. PAUL’S UNITED METHODIST APRIL AdvoCare Texas Kickoff located in Stafford. The stones used opened in ’02, is set by a lake on CHURCH, founded in 1905, is in the DECEMBER BP MS 150 Fiestas Patrias to build the temple were quarried in an 11.5-acre site in Sugar Land. The heart of Houston’s Museum District. Christmas Boat Lane Parade Houston Art Car Parade Oktoberfest Houston and Italy, and then shipped to center is a religious venue for Shi’a The church is renowned for its choir Christmas Village at Bayou Bend India where 2,000 traditional artisans Ismaili Muslims in Houston, as well and Neo-Gothic architecture. Houston Barbecue Festival OCTOBER hand sculpted them. as a site for community events to , founded Houston Press Brewfest Bayou City Art Festival Downtown stimulate the intellect, encourage TEXAS GUANDI TEMPLE , opened in early in 1999, welcomes Taoists, Buddhists Tamale Festival Houston CENTRO ISLÁMICO dialogue and celebrate cultural Houston Turkish Festival Grito Fest ’16, is the nation’s first Spanish- diversity in the greater Houston and anyone who seeks respite, Texas Bowl Japan Festival Houston Houston Italian Festival speaking mosque. Located in a former area. Houston will soon become the meditation or counsel. The building Tomball German Christmas Market & industrial building on Houston's home of the first U.S. Ismaili Center, is a focal point of Houston Old McDonald’s Houston Children’s Festival far southwest side, the building’s located in Montrose, serving as a Chinatown. An architect from China Festival International Quilt Festival inside has architectural elements national hub for the social, cultural designed the Texas Guandi Temple, San Jacinto Day Festival and Battle of Moorish . and intellectual activities of the Ismaili the largest temple in the nation Reenactment Muslim Community. dedicated to Guandi. Materials for CHAPEL OF ST. BASIL, located at the building and for the interior also Southwest International Boat Show Houston’s Catholic University of St. LAKEWOOD CHURCH, housed in came from China. The Woodlands Waterway Arts Thomas in the Montrose district, is a former sports arena, is one of the Festival a cube-shaped chapel designed by largest religious congregations in the THE ISLAMIC SOCIETY OF GREATER renowned architect Philip Johnson. U.S. It is pastored by televangelist Joel HOUSTON (ISGH) is the largest U.S. Men's Clay Court Championship Osteen and features both English and Islamic society in North America. was WorldFest: Houston International Film CHRIST CHURCH CATHEDRAL Spanish language services. Established in 1969, ISGH currently Houston’s first religious congregation Festival includes 21 Islamic Centers across when founded in 1839 and is the only MTO SHAHMAGHSOUDI SCHOOL the Houston metro. MAY one still worshiping on its original OF ISLAMIC SUFISM, located along Cinco de Mayo Parade and site from the days when Houston Beltway 8, is a Sufi temple that is ZARATHUSHTI HERITAGE AND Celebration was the capital of the Republic of rich in art and architecture. The CULTURAL CENTER, opened in May Texas. In 1949, Christ Church became energy efficient design of the building 1998, is built on a seven-acre site that Comicpalooza the cathedral for the Episcopal features solar panels. was donated by community members. Dragon Boat Festival Diocese of Texas. The Center is a house of worship for Irani Zarathushtis and Parsis from Houston Polish Festival India, Iran and Pakistan.

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Major Events and Conventions Greater Houston has 4.4 million sq. The Houston Open has made the Houston Raceway Park is a multi- ft. of convention space and regularly Bayou City an annual PGA tour stop purpose motorsports venue hosts worldwide events such as the since it was first played in 1930. The located in Baytown. The race park International Quilt Festival, which Golf Club of Houston has hosted the features a quarter-mile drag strip draws 60,000 participants to George tournament since ’03, though the sanctioned by the National Hot Rod R. Brown Convention Center and the event will move to Memorial Park Association (NHRA). Offshore Technology Conference, with starting in ’20. 62,000 attendees at NRG Park. Houston Motorsports Park is a car The Woodlands Country Club has racing track in Northeast Houston that According to the Greater Houston hosted the Insperity Invitational since features a NASCAR oval track and a Convention & Visitors Bureau, in ’19 ’08. The event was held at Augusta NHRA drag strip. Houston hosted 524 conventions Pines from ’04-’07. It’s the only Texas and meetings that drew 771,591 stop for the PGA’s senior tour. Sam Houston Race Park is a horse attendees to Houston translating racing track located in Northwest into an estimated economic impact Houston was selected to host the U.S. Houston that hosts Thoroughbred and of $415 million. Women’s Open Tournament in ’20. The American Quarter horse races. event will take place at Champions Houston hosted its third Golf Club. Houston previously hosted (Super Bowl LI) in ’17, drawing 150,000 the men’s U.S. Open in 1969. BIKING AND HIKING visitor and generating an estimated The City of Houston has a 345-mile economic impact of $347 million. The Bluejack National, located in interconnected bikeway network previous two Super Bowls hosted by Montgomery County, was named Golf that includes shared-use paths, Houston were Super Bowl VIII in 1974 Digest’s “Best New Course” in ’16. separate bike lanes, bike routes and and Super Bowl XXXVIII in ’04. The City of Houston Parks and shared sidewalks. Other past major Houston-based Recreation Department maintains six In March ’17, the City Council events include ’02 World Space municipal golf parks. adopted the Houston Bike Plan, Congress, ’08 Latin Grammy Awards which strives to make Houston a ceremony, ’13 American Association safer, more bike-friendly city. The for Clinical Chemistry, ’16 Copa RACING long-term vision of the plan is to America Centenario and the ’16 NCAA Alkek Velodrome, built in 1986, is a extend Houston’s bikeway network to Final Four Basketball Tournament. concrete bicycle racing track located almost 1,800 miles. in Houston’s Cullen Park. It is one In ’19, Houston hosted two matches of of 26 velodromes in the United Houston BCycle is the City of the 2019 CONCACAF Gold Cup, the States, according to USA Cycling. Houston’s non-profit bike share Confederation of North and Central In ’19, Alkek was selected as one program, offering rentable bicycles America and Caribbean Association Convention and Sports Facilities of four inaugural training centers at over 109 bike share stations with Football, in addition to the Gastech for U.S. Track Cycling’s Olympic nearly 800 bikes in circulation. A $4.7 AVENIDA HOUSTON, which opened downtown district. the development of a grand entryway conference, held every 18 months. Development Program. million expansion of the Houston in ’17, is the entertainment district in and four restaurants, were completed CONSTELLATION FIELD, opened BCycle network will add hundreds of front of the George R. Brown (GRB) in December ’16. Houston is slated to host the U.S. in ’12 as home of the Sugar Land Galveston Bay Cruising Association, bikes and dozens of stations to the Convention Center in downtown Women’s Open Golf Championship Skeeters of the Atlantic League , the Houston founded in 1947, is an all-volunteer current network. The program is track Houston. The 97,000-square-foot in ’20, the NCAA Men’s Basketball of Professional Baseball. The Astros’ retractable-roof downtown non-profit sailboat racing club based to have more than 1,100 bikes and 160 outdoor plaza connects to Discovery Championship in ’23 and the College stadium hosts sporting events as baseball stadium with seating for in Clear Lake Shores. stations by ’21. Green’s 12-acre park, public art Football National Championship in ’24. installations, as well as two convention well as concerts. It has a capacity 41,000, opened in April ’00. In ’19, a Houston is also a finalist host city for headquarter hotels adjoined to the of 7,500 spectators for baseball $25 million renovation to the stadium’s the ’26 FIFA World Cup. GRB, the 1,200-room Hilton Americas games (expandable to 10,000) and suite level, to be paid for by the and the 1,000-room Marriott Marquis. 9,500 for concerts. Astros, was approved by the Harris The Houston Parks surfaced running The area around Avenida Houston County Houston Sports Authority. The GOLF and Recreation and hiking trails offers many dining options, including GEORGE R. BROWN (GRB) stadium’s ornamental train, positioned 173 CONVENTION CENTER, one of the There are 142 golf courses in the Department maintains several restaurants within the GRB. 90 feet above the field on the left- spanning miles nation’s largest convention centers, Houston MSA, according to pga.com. field wall, makes its way along the 163.1 BBVA COMPASS STADIUM, the state- opened in 1987. GRB offers nearly 800-foot track whenever the Astros Houston has hosted world-class of-the-art, open-air stadium designed 2 million square feet of exhibit and score a homerun. golf tournaments for over half a Asphalt Concrete Granite Gravel/other to host Dynamo and Dash soccer meeting space, including 773,000 century, including five PGA tour matches, as well as additional sporting square feet total of exhibit space , formerly known with seven exhibit halls, more than as Hofheinz Pavilion, is home to the championships, two LPGA tour miles80.3 54.3miles 16.0miles 16.0miles and concert events, opened in May championships, one Ryder Cup, one ’12. The 22,000-seat stadium is the 100 meeting rooms, and 3,600 fixed University of men’s U.S. Open, and five U.S. amateur first soccer-specific stadium in Major seating in its amphitheater. GRB’s and women’s basketball teams. The championships. League Soccer located in a city’s latest improvements, which include 7,100-seat multipurpose area, built

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in 1969, underwent a $60-million creating 500,000 square feet of transformation in ’18, including the rentable space as well as 1,400 PROFESSIONAL TEAMS Parks and Recreation addition of a seating bowl bringing parking spaces. Construction was IN GREATER HOUSTON The city of Houston contains 38,412 acres of parkland and 604 parks, according fans only 10 feet from the sideline and initially targeted to begin after the ’19 to The Trust for Public Land’s ’19 Houston, TX report. a new audio system, sports lighting Rodeo, but has since been postponed. and video boards. 17 Worl Series Champions • Parks represent 11.0 percent of the city’s adjusted land area in ’19. , which opened Maor Leaue asealls RICE STADIUM • NRG PARK, which occupies 350 acres in 1950, is a 47,000-seat football American Leaue Fifty-eight percent of Houston residents live within a 10-minute walk of a park, Minute Mai Park and offers 26,000 parking spaces, stadium located on the Rice University which is 4 percent above the national average. is among the most versatile sports campus. It has been the home of • Houston’s oldest municipal park is Sam Houston Park, established 1899, while and meeting complexes in the United the football team since its National Womens Soccer Leaue the area’s largest municipal park is Cullen Park with 9,270 acres. Cullen Park is States. Hosting over 500 events completion in 1950 and hosted Super VA Compass Staium also one of the largest parks in the U.S. The most visited park in the Houston annually, NRG Park includes the Bowl VIII in 1974. At this stadium, region is Hermann Park, with 6.5 million visitors annually. following venues: President John F. Kennedy made his HOUSTON DYNAMO • There are 17.3 acres of total parkland per 1,000 residents, well above the famous challenge to America to place Maor Leaue Soccers median of 13.6 acres per 1,000 residents for cities of similar density. NRG Stadium, a 71,995-seat football a man on the moon and bring him Western Conerence stadium with a retractable roof and safely home again. VA Compass Staium natural grass, opened in ’02. It is home to the ’s TDECU STADIUM, which opened in and the Houston August ’14, is a $125 million, 40,000- Western Conerence in the Livestock Show and Rodeo. seat football stadium located on the National asketall Association Toota Center campus of the University of Houston. NRG Center, opened in ’02, has To ensure the best level of comfort 1.4 million square feet, which HOUSTON TEXANS for Houston fans and student- American ootall Conerence in includes 706,000 square feet of athletes, sun and shade studies were the National ootall Leaue contiguous exposition space and conducted prior to construction. NRG Staium 59 meeting rooms. CENTER, which opened in HOUSTON ROLLER DERBY NRG Arena has 350,000 square feet ’03, is a sports and entertainment CITY OF HOUSTON PARKS NEW AND RECENTLY HONORED Womens lat Track Der Association AMENITIES IN CITY OF of exhibit space, an 8,000-seat arena center located downtown. It is home to Revention Music Center Houston Parks and Recreation PARKS and a 2,000-seat pavilion. the National Basketball Association’s Department (HPARD) oversees HOUSTON PARKS INCLUDE CHAMPION FOREST PARK, a seven- Houston Rockets. The center can HOUSTON SABERCATS 380 developed municipal parks acre park in Spring, opened in ’19. NRG debuted in 1965 as 235 Playgrounds seat 18,300 for basketball and up to Maor Leaue Ru and more than 167 green spaces, The park features four soccer fields the first full-enclosed sports stadium VEVA Staium 19,000 for concerts. which together encompass Tennis Courts seating over 70,000. In February ’18, 201 and a playground and will connect to approximately 39,501 acres. the Kickerillo-Mischer Preserve and Harris County approved a $105-million 173 Basketball Courts renovation, including raising the 18 Atlantic Leaue Worl Champions Matzke Park. It is also designed to HPARD owns and operates 60 absorb water during heavy rains. Astrodome’s floor to ground level, Atlantic Leaue o Proessional aseall Miles of Trails Constellation iel community centers across the 165.3 city along with the Metropolitan HERMAN BROWN PARK, a 717- Baseball & Softball Fields Multi-Service Center. 161 acre park located eight miles from 87 Soccer Fields downtown, is currently renovating a 24-acre section to have rolling hills MAJOR CITY OF HOUSTON PARKS: 75 Practice Backstops with pavilions, a new play area and CULLEN PARK (9,270 acres) native landscaping. Referred to as Pools the ‘Commons,’ this project is the first LAKE HOUSTON WILDERNESS PARK 38 of the park’s 20-year master plan for (4,787 acres) 29 Water Spray Grounds improvements. MEMORIAL PARK (1,464 acres) 20 Volleyball Courts HADEN PARK, a 12-acre park in HERMAN BROWN PARK (717 acres) Spring Branch, won the ’19 Natural Football/Rugby/ EISENHOWER PARK (682 acres) 16 Planning Award presented by the Cricket/Lacrosse Fields Houston-Galveston Area Council. KEITH-WIESS PARK (499 acres) 11 Community Garden Sites The redesigned park includes a HERMANN PARK (445 acres) playground, splashpad, nature area, BUFFALO BAYOU PARK (160 acres) 9 Dog Parks dog park, event lawn and tennis court. activities for children and adults MACGREGOR PARK (83 acres) 8 Golf Courses with disabilities. Metropolitan Multi-Service Center 7 Skate Parks provides access to year-round activities for children and adults 5 Fitness Centers with disabilities. 4 Nature Centers

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STATE PARKS WILDLIFE REFUGES HOUSTON ZOO BRAZOS BEND STATE PARK Houston is located along the Central The Houston Zoo, founded in 1922, (5,000 acres) has coastal prairies, Flyway, a bird migration route, and receives more than 2 million visitors woodlands and wetlands. The park over 500 species of birds migrate per year and is the second most- is located approximately 45 miles through or make Houston their home. visited zoo in the U.S. southwest of downtown Houston in Migration occurs spring through fall, Fort Bend County. depending on the species. Occupying 55 acres in Hermann Park and accredited by the Association STATE PARK Wildlife refuges in the greater of Zoos and Aquariums, the Zoo is (2,013 acres) is a mosaic of coastal Houston area include the Anahuac home to more than 6,000 animals and habitats and located southeast of National Wildlife Refuge in Chambers employees more than 330 caretakers, Houston in Galveston County. County; the Brazoria and San Bernard administrators and educators. National Wildlife Refuges in Brazoria SAN JACINTO BATTLEGROUND County; and the 30,000-acre Trinity In ’18, the Houston Zoo announced its STATE HISTORIC SITE (1,200 acres) River National Wildlife Refuge in plans for a $150 million renovation, has a 570-foot tall monument and is Liberty County. which will add several new exhibits located 22 miles east of downtown featuring an avian conservation Houston in Harris County. Houston Audubon, the largest chapter center, ’s Pantanal and of Audubon Texas, is headquartered at the Galapagos Islands. The renovation SHELDON LAKE STATE PARK & the Edith L. Moore Nature Sanctuary will be complete in ’22, the zoo’s 100th ENVIRONMENTAL LEARNING in West Houston. Among its several anniversary celebration. CENTER (2,800 acres) is filled with sanctuary locations are Bolivar Flats wetlands, lakes and ponds. The and High Island. Houston Audubon park is located 22 miles northeast of celebrated its 50th anniversary in ’19. downtown Houston in Harris County.

STEPHEN F. AUSTIN STATE PARK (473 acres) has acres of wetland and hardwood forests located 51 miles east of downtown Houston DOWNTOWN HOUSTON PARKS ROOT SQUARE was donated in 1923 MAJOR HARRIS COUNTY PARKS by the descendants of Alexander in Austin County. GEORGE BUSH PARK (7,800 acres) ALLEN’S LANDING, referred to as Porter Root. Located across from “Houston’s Plymouth Rock,” is where the Toyota Center, the park has a ARMAND BAYOU NATURE CENTER August Chapman and John Kirby basketball court, a shade pavilion and (2,500 acres) FORESTS Allen stepped ashore in 1836 to displays civic art. BEAR CREEK PIONEERS PARK (2,168 SAM HOUSTON NATIONAL FOREST, found Houston. acres) located 65 miles north of Houston, is SAM HOUSTON PARK, the city’s the largest of the four national forests , a 12-acre park first park and a short distance from CONGRESSMAN BILL ARCHER PARK in Texas. The forest contains 161,508 adjoining the George R. Brown City Hall, was acquired in 1899. The (926 acres) acres in Montgomery, San Jacinto and Convention Center, opened in ’08. park’s 19.7 acres contain 10 restored TERRY HERSHEY PARK (496 acres) Walker counties. The park underwent a $12 million historic buildings. renovation in ’19. CHALLENGER SEVEN MEMORIAL W. GOODRICH JONES STATE SESQUICENTENNIAL PARK, created PARK (326 acres) FOREST, an urban working forest ELEANOR TINSLEY PARK, a section to commemorate Houston’s 150th covering 1,725 acres, is located 40 of Buffalo Bayou Park, immediately birthday in 1986, is a 22-acre urban MERCER ARBORETUM & BOTANIC miles north of Houston near Conroe west of downtown, is the site of oasis in the heart of Houston’s GARDENS (400 acres) in Montgomery County. The forest major Houston festivals and events, downtown theater district. ROY CAMPBELL BURROUGHS PARK is named after W. Goodrich Jones, including Houston’s Fourth of (320 acres) July Fireworks. SETTEGAST PARK, located adjacent the founder of the Texas Forestry to a community center building, JESSE H. JONES PARK & NATURE Association and the Department of HERMANN SQUARE, serves as the provides a playground and swimming CENTER (312 acres) Forestry (now the Texas A&M Forest Service). It is owned and administered courtyard of City Hall, occupies a pool as well as courts for basketball, GENE GREEN BELTWAY 8 PARK (250 by the Texas A&M Forest Service. city block, and is dominated by a tennis and volleyball. acres) reflecting pool. THE ACRE, located between One and ARTHUR STOREY PARK (175 acres) MARKET SQUARE, a one square Two Allen Center, is a new urban park CYPRESS PARK (165 acres) block donated to the city in 1854 with a plaza and linear lawn. by Augustus Allen, was Houston's TOM BASS REGIONAL PARK (115 original town center. The park now TRANQUILITY PARK, between Walker acres) provides live entertainment, shaded and Rusk Streets, was dedicated walkways and dog runs. on the 10th anniversary of the first lunar landing to honor Apollo 11 and includes cylindrical water fountains.

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Emancipation of slaves in Texas is Houston police begin using announced from Galveston, leads to 1909 motorcycles to enforce speed limits. 1940s 1980s 2010s 1865 Juneteenth holiday. Petrochemical complex develops, Employment peaks at 1,583,400 in By November, Houston returns to Houston Country Club opens with taking feedstocks from nearby 1982 March before onset of recession. 2008 pre-recession employment Houston’s first bank, First National Houston’s first professionally- 1940s refineries. 2011 levels; first major metro to do so. 1866 Bank, is founded. 1909 designed 18-hole golf course. 155 office buildings completed in 12 HISTORY New master plan for Houston 1983 months. BBVA Compass Stadium, home of Houston Stonewalls defeat thoroughfares emphasizes a loop ’s Houston 1830s Galveston Robert E. Lees 35-2 in 1941 system. Voters approve creation of Harris 2012 Dynamo, opens. first recorded baseball game in 1910s County Toll Road Authority. On April 21, General Sam Houston’s 1867 1983 Houston. Congress accepts, from a group A $60-billion boom in chemical plant army wins Texas’ independence from Texas Medical Center is founded. of Houston businessmen headed Trough of recession in January; net construction begins along the Gulf 1836 Mexico in the Battle of San Jacinto. 1943 Houston’s first trolley cars (mule- by the Houston Chamber of 1987 recession loss of 221,900 jobs. Coast. Construction boom helps to drawn) appear. Commerce, a novel plan to split Houston Golf Assn. hosts its first 2013 Houston founded on Aug. 30 by 1868 1910 PGA Tour event — now the Houston offset job losses in energy over the ship channel development costs Wortham Center, home to Houston next two years. brothers Augustus C. and John between Houston and the federal 1946 Open, 10th oldest event on the PGA Ballet and Houston Grand Opera, K. Allen, who pay just over $1.40 schedule. government. 1987 opens. Oil prices peak at $108 per barrel per acre for 6,642 acres near 1880s in June before plunging 75% over headwaters of Buffalo Bayou. Rice Institute (now Rice University) Houston College for Negroes Houston Chamber of Commerce, Houston’s first telephone exchange acquired by Texas Legislature; the next 18 months devastating the is created. 1912 begins classes. Houston Economic Development 2014 local energy industry. Nearly 80,000 Allen Brothers call on Gail Borden 1880 established as Texas State Council and Houston World Trade (publisher, surveyor, originator 1947 University for Negroes (now Texas energy-related jobs are lost. Houston Electric Light Co. is Houston Symphony is established. 1989 Association combine to form Greater of condensed milk) and Thomas Southern University). organized. Houston and New York 1913 Houston Partnership. Hobby Airport launches international H. Borden to survey the site. Gail are the first cities to build electric George Hermann donates 285 acres service with the opening of the Borden lays out the town’s streets 1882 Alley Theatre established. power plants. to the city for a public park near Rice 1947 2015 airport’s first international terminal. 80’ wide, with the principal east- 1914 Institute. west street (Texas Ave.) 100’ wide. Engineering begins on the Gulf Houston gets its first arc light. 1990s Ellington Airport receives a The 25-foot-deep Houston Ship Freeway, Texas’ first freeway. commercial spaceport license by the General Sam Houston, first president 1882 1947 Houston economic recovery Channel is completed and formally 2015 Federal Aviation Administration. of the Republic of Texas, signs an act Sisters of Charity open Houston’s Houston voters reject proposed complete; April job count above first general hospital. 1914 dedicated. 1990 March 1982 level. authorizing Houston to incorporate. 1887 1948 zoning ordinance. The energy downturn bottoms out 1837 Houston is capital of the Republic Houston is first Texas city with First deepwater vessel, the S.S. Houston hosts 16th annual Economic 2016 and a slow recovery begins. from 1837-1839. Satilla, calls at Houston.92 Dec. 31 annexation expands electric streetcars. 1915 Houston’s area from 74.4 to 216 1990 Summit of Industrialized Nations. 1891 Houston hosts NFL Super Bowl LI. The Laura is the first steamship to 1948 square-miles. Houston City Council mandates first 2017 visit Houston. Houston Business League is founded (became Houston Chamber Port of Houston ranks second 1991 zoning regulations. Hurricane Harvey inundates A bucket brigade, Protection Fire 1895 of Commerce in 1910). 1920s nationally in total tonnage. Houston with five days of rain. Total 1948 Republican National Convention Company No. 1, is formed to fight Oil refineries proliferate along the rainfall exceeds 50 inches in many held in Houston. 2017 1838 fires. Houston Fire Department replaces Ship Channel, taking advantage of KLEE-TV broadcasts first Houston 1992 parts of the region. 1895 Houston Volunteer Fire Department. 1920s inexpensive waterborne shipping. commercial TV program. 1949 Houston voters reject proposed The American League Houston Automobile first appears in Houston Houston adopts ordinance 1993 zoning ordinance. Astros defeat the National League 1897 as an advertising gimmick. dedicating tax monies to its library 2017 Los Angeles Dodgers to win Major 1840s 1921 system. League Baseball’s World Series. On April 4, seven Houston Houston’s first asphalt street paving 1950s businessmen form the Houston is laid on Franklin St. Second National Bank becomes KUHT-TV, the nation’s first public 2000s Rice University announced plans 1897 broadcast TV station, goes on the 1840 Chamber of Commerce. Houston’s first air-conditioned Census finds Houston MSA has no to develop new hub for Innovation 1953 air. Galveston Country Club opens with 1923 building. racial or ethnic majority. 2018 District in Midtown. Houston Police Department is Texas’ first recorded professionally 2000 Houston Grand Opera Association 1841 formed. 1898 designed golf course. Houston Museum of Fine Arts, the Minute Maid Park, home of Major The world celebrates the 50th and Houston Ballet founded. first fine arts museum in Texas, 1955 League Baseball’s Houston Astros, anniversary of the Apollo 11 lunar Texas’ oldest newspaper, The First Houston city park opens. 1924 opens. 2000 opens. 2019 landing on July 20. Galveston County Daily News, is first (This site, now Sam Houston Park, Houston metro area population 1842 published. contains several of Houston’s reaches 1,000,000. 1899 Natural gas first piped into Houston. 1955 Tropical Storm Allison inundates The World Health Organization earliest buildings.) 1926 Houston June 5-9, claiming 22 lives declares the emergence of a Texas becomes the 28th state. 1846 Houston Colored Junior College, 2001 and inflicting $4.9 billion in property 2019 mysterious pneumonia-like virus in the forerunner of Texas Southern 1960s damage, with storm precipitation as Wuhan, China on December 31. 1927 University, established. high as 35.67 inches in some areas. 1900s NASA’s Manned Spacecraft Center 1850s A Category 4 hurricane — deadliest Houston Junior College (now 1962 moves to Houston. NRG Stadium, home of the National The COVID-19 pandemic arrives in Houston infecting nearly 85,000 First census after Texas joins in U.S. history — strikes Galveston, the University of Houston) is Football League’s Houston Texans, Houston voters reject proposed residents and causing nearly 1,200 the United States counts 2,396 claiming more than 6,000 lives and 1927 established. 2002 opens. zoning ordinance. deaths during the first four months Houstonians. Galveston, with 4,117 causing property damage exceeding 1962 1850 1900 Hobby Center for the Performing 2020 of the outbreak. Over 350,000 jobs residents, is the state’s largest city. $30 million ($902 million in 2019 National Democratic Convention is dollars). 1928 held in Houston. 1965 First event held in the Astrodome. 2002 Arts opens. are lost in March and April. A tepid Houston’s first railroad — the Buffalo economic recovery begins in May. Toyota Center, home of the National Bayou, Brazos & Colorado Railroad Houston Left Hand Fishing Club Municipal airport opened; air mail Houston Intercontinental Airport Basketball Association’s Houston 1853 — begins operations. purchases the city’s first automobile 1928 service to Houston begins. 1969 begins operations. 1901 2003 Rockets, opens On June 2, more than 60,000 from Olds Motor Works of Detroit. Houstonians gather at Discovery Texas Legislature appropriates City Planning Commission “Houston” is the first word spoken Houston’s first modern light rail line, Green and march to City Hall to $4,000 for Buffalo Bayou Oil discovered at Spindletop, and recommends that Houston adopt 1969 from the lunar surface. 7.5-miles long, begins operations. protest systemic racism and police 1853 improvements. later discoveries at Humble in 1905 1929 a zoning ordinance but finds scant 2004 and Goose Creek in 1906, put support. brutality, the demonstration brought Houston hosts NFL Superbowl 2020 Three competing firefighting 1901 Houston in the center of new oil and on by the death of native Houstonian XXXVIII companies combined into the oilfield equipment development. 1970s 2004 George Floyd, killed by Minneapolis 1859 police while being taken into Houston Volunteer Fire Department. The Galleria opens. More than 100,000 evacuees flee to Congress appropriates $1 million for custody. 1930s 1970 Houston from southern Louisiana in work on the Houston Ship Channel. 1902 Census ranks Houston as state’s Shell Oil Co. relocates corporate 2005 the wake of Hurricane Katrina. 1930 most populous city at 292,352. headquarters to Houston. More than 1860s 1905 Houston has 80 automobiles. 200 major firms move headquarters, makes landfall Sept. City provides “land and good First Houston Fat Stock Show & 1971 subsidiaries and divisions here in 13 at Galveston as a Category 2 buildings” for a smallpox/yellow Houston city council sets speed limit 1932 Rodeo (now Houston Livestock the 1970s. storm, claiming at least 70 lives and 1861 fever hospital. 1908 of 8 mph. Show and Rodeo) held. causing some $27 billion in property Arab oil embargo quadruples oil 2008 damage along the Texas Gulf Coast, Houston Museum and Scientific Intracoastal Canal links Houston to Houston and Harris County vote to prices in 90 days, fueling Houston’s ranking it third most costly among Society, Inc., predecessor of the Mississippi River navigation system. secede from the Union. During the 1934 1973 1973-1981 economic boom. U.S. hurricanes. Civil War, the closest fighting is at Houston Museum of Natural Science, 1861 1909 Braniff International inaugurates first Galveston. is organized. Voters approve and fund scheduled air passenger service to Metropolitan Transit Authority. 1935 Houston. 1978

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