DOCSLIB.ORG

The Allied Occupation of Japan - an Australian View

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Allied Occupation of Japan - an Australian View Volume 3 | Issue 7 | Article ID 1765 | Jul 06, 2005 The Asia-Pacific Journal | Japan Focus The Allied Occupation of Japan - an Australian View Christine de Matos The Allied Occupation of Japan – an Britain, British India and New Zealand, Australian View contributed to the British Commonwealth Occupation Forces (BCOF). By Christine de Matos The Australians were stationed in Hiroshima prefecture, with their base at Hiro (the BCOF HQ was at Kure). At its height in 1946, The Japanese Occupation is generallyAustralia provided around 12,000 troops to the remembered as primarily an American affair total of 40,000 BCOF troops (US troops and as a dichotomous relationship between numbered 152,000).[1] However, by 1948 Japan and the United States. However, it was Britain, India and New Zealand had withdrawn an Allied Occupation, and, despite thefrom Japan, leaving Australia as the sole persistence of selective historical memories, representative of the Commonwealth forces, at there was a distinct and at times contentious least until the outbreak of the Korean War. An Allied presence, contribution, and experience. Australian acted as Commander-in-Chief of The Occupation provided a terrain on which the BCOF for the duration of the Occupation. This victor nations, believing their social, economic article focuses on Australia's diplomatic and political values vindicated by victory, contribution to the Occupation. competed to reshape the character of Japan’s modernity. One Ally that participated in this While close attention has been paid to the process, and often acted as a dissenting voice, ideological conflict between the Soviet Union was Australia. Examining the involvement of and the United States, the neglected conflict additional participants in the Occupation does between Australia and the United States, as not challenge the notion of US dominance, but well as their cooperative actions, casts further does demonstrate that others periodically light on the nature of the occupation. For the played significant roles in both administering first four years of the Occupation, Australia had the Occupation and in challenging US policies. a left-wing Australian Labor Party (ALP) government under Ben Chifley, and a Australian participation contentious and outspoken foreign minister in H.V. Evatt. Thus there was great potential and Australia was a party to the Occupation both much ammunition for conflict to occur over the diplomatically and militarily. For instance, an progress of Occupation reforms, especially Australian delegation participated in the Far after the so-called ‘reverse course’ in Eastern Commission (FEC) in Washington, an Occupation policies. The Chifley government Australian represented the Britishhad its own agenda that it wished to impose Commonwealth on the Allied Council for Japan upon Japan. Militarily, diplomatically, (ACJ) in Tokyo, an Australian, William Flood economically and politically, this was of course Webb, presided over the International Military an unequal battle. Yet, in the early post- Tribunal of the Far East (IMTFE), and an hostilities enthusiasm for a new world order, Australian military contingent, along with the Australian government was confident of 1 3 | 7 | 0 APJ | JF contributing to its creation – whether in the unencumbered by any attachment to the UN, or in Occupied Japan – and took a number throne, or to maintaining the social status quo. of initiatives that were actively addressed, if not always implemented. For Australia, communism in Japan was not seen to be a great threat: a return to militarism The role of the emperor was. The Japanese people, unencumbered by the monarchy, were seen as a possible source One of the best-known points of contention of protection against militarism. If the between Australia and the United States Australian government did not carry great occurred over the position of the emperor in international weight in the matter, it did postwar Japan. Australia’s position has been provide a reasoned and consistent voice calling portrayed as one of simple retribution for war for the trial of the emperor as a war criminal. crimes. While populist rhetoric pandered to SCAP/GHQ, while unyielding on this point, used anti-Japanese passions amongst the Australian this aspect of Australian policy to invoke fear electorate, the official policy position was a among uncooperative Japanese leaders – that little more complex. The issue of the emperor is, the threat to take such issues as the had two main components: first, the question of constitution to the FEC where, it was alleged, the trial and punishment of the emperor as a the Australians and Soviets would demand the war criminal; and second, the future of the abdication of the emperor, or worse. It was a imperial institution in the context of political highly effective tactic that maximised American reform. leverage without achieving Australian goals. The Australian government, like the United The postwar constitution States, advocated thoroughgoing democratic reform. However, they differed on how this was Differences in policies towards the emperor best accomplished. While, from at least 1945, became manifest in the positions of the US and Australia favored eliminating the emperor Australia on the constitution. At the end of the system as the way forward for democratic Asia-Pacific War, Australia sought to create the revolution, this was to be decided by the opportunity for the Japanese people to debate Japanese people as soon as conditions permit a and modify the existing Meiji constitution. This freely determined decision. Politicalapproach, a ‘restoration’ of democracy, was movements aiming at the abolition of the believed to make it less likely that the Japanese institution of Emperor or his reduction to a people would later reject the constitution as an constitutional head of State [are] to be allowed imposition.[3] When the fait accompli of the so- freedom of organization and propaganda.[2] called ‘MacArthur constitution’ became evident, Australia and other members of the In other words, while this was to be a decision FEC turned to analysing the draft and made by the Japanese people, the Australian submitting proposed changes. Important government held that the Allies shouldAustralian suggestions included the guarantee encourage movements sympathetic to their of universal suffrage, and the stipulation that agenda. By contrast, the US position was not the prime minister and state officials should be only that the imperial institution in modified civilians, both of which were incorporated into form should be maintained, but also that the constitution during Diet deliberations in Hirohito remain on the throne to help avoid September 1946. [4] widespread chaos. Australian social, economic and political policies towards Japan, in many MacArthur reacted to the FEC suggestions by ways more radical than US policies, were stating that this was ‘a complete repudiation of 2 3 | 7 | 0 APJ | JF the requirement that the constitution must be a constitution was to take effect), while free expression of the people’s will’. He warned exercising censorship within Japan. Although that the Japanese would ‘unquestionably bear the ‘Provision’ was leaked to the Japanese some resentment against such alliedpress in March 1948, with the constitution interference’, thereby attempting to maintain already in effect, it had little public impact. the charade that the constitution had sole Japanese authorship.[5] Thus began a struggle When it came time for the ‘Provisions’ to take between MacArthur and Australian diplomats effect in 1948, the Ashida government began a over who or what best reflected the ‘will’ of the review process, as did two Japanese research Japanese people in the new constitution. In this groups, the Public Law forum (Koho kenkyukai) instance, Australia succeeded in shaping the and the Constitutional Research Committee of constitution in significant ways. Tokyo University (Kempo kenkyukai). However, MacArthur and the second Yoshida On 17 October 1946, the FEC adoptedgovernment, which took office after the fall of ‘Provisions for the Review of a New Japanese the Ashida government in 1948, halted the Constitution’ to counteract the fait accompli. review process. On the FEC, the Australian Sent to MacArthur as an FEC policy directive, delegation encouraged the review but, given the ‘Provisions’ were inspired by H.V. Evatt, the lack of support from Washington and Tokyo and were intended to provide an opportunity within the Occupation context of the ‘reverse for the Japanese people to ‘judge thecourse’, it was conducted without enthusiasm. Constitution in the light of their experience of its working’.[6] The objective was to have the In 1949, the FEC sent some proposals for provision attached to the Constitution at discussion to SCAP, including: promulgation, in order to ensure that the Japanese people were aware of their right to 1. Queries over the use of the terms kokumin comment and have public debate on the (citizens) and nambito (all persons), as ‘it was Constitution, and, if deemed necessary, amend not clear how the Constitution guarantees it. While Evatt favored a public referendum on fundamental civil rights to all persons within the constitution as the final act of review, the Japanese jurisdiction (as distinguished from FEC policy only specified this as an option, the Japanese citizens)’; preferred option being that the Diet and the 2. Greater clarity to be given to empower the FEC conduct the review within one to two Supreme
Load more

Recommended publications
  • When Australia Said NO! Fifteen Years Ago, the Australian People Turned Down the Menzies Govt's Bid to Shackle Democracy
    „ By ERNIE CAMPBELL When Australia said NO! Fifteen years ago, the Australian people turned down the Menzies Govt's bid to shackle democracy. gE PT E M B E R . 22 is the 15th Anniversary of the defeat of the Menzies Government’s attempt, by referendum, to obtain power to suppress the Communist Party. Suppression of communism is a long-standing plank in the platform of the Liberal Party. The election of the Menzies Government in December 1949 coincided with America’s stepping-up of the “Cold War”. the Communist Party an unlawful association, to dissolve it, Chairmanship of Senator Joseph McCarthy, was engaged in an orgy of red-baiting, blackmail and intimidation. This was the situation when Menzies, soon after taking office, visited the United States to negotiate a big dollar loan. On his return from America, Menzies dramatically proclaimed that Australia had to prepare for war “within three years”. T o forestall resistance to the burdens and dangers involved in this, and behead the people’s movement of militant leadership, Menzies, in April 1950, introduced a Communist Party Dis­ solution Bill in the Federal Parliament. T h e Bill commenced with a series o f recitals accusing the Communist Party of advocating seizure of power by a minority through violence, intimidation and fraudulent practices, of being engaged in espionage activities, of promoting strikes for pur­ poses of sabotage and the like. Had there been one atom of truth in these charges, the Government possessed ample powers under the Commonwealth Crimes Act to launch an action against the Communist Party.
    [Show full text]
  • The Secret Life of Elsie Curtin
    Curtin University The secret life of Elsie Curtin Public Lecture presented by JCPML Visiting Scholar Associate Professor Bobbie Oliver on 17 October 2012. Vice Chancellor, distinguished guests, members of the Curtin family, colleagues, friends. It is a great honour to give the John Curtin Prime Ministerial Library’s lecture as their 2012 Visiting Scholar. I thank Lesley Wallace, Deanne Barrett and all the staff of the John Curtin Prime Ministerial Library, firstly for their invitation to me last year to be the 2012 Visiting Scholar, and for their willing and courteous assistance throughout this year as I researched Elsie Curtin’s life. You will soon be able to see the full results on the web site. I dedicate this lecture to the late Professor Tom Stannage, a fine historian, who sadly and most unexpectedly passed away on 4 October. Many of you knew Tom as Executive Dean of Humanities from 1999 to 2005, but some years prior to that, he was my colleague, mentor, friend and Ph.D. supervisor in the History Department at UWA. Working with Tom inspired an enthusiasm for Australian history that I had not previously known, and through him, I discovered John Curtin – and then Elsie Curtin, whose story is the subject of my lecture today. Elsie Needham was born at Ballarat, Victoria, on 4 October 1890 – the third child of Abraham Needham, a sign writer and painter, and his wife, Annie. She had two older brothers, William and Leslie. From 1898 until 1908, Elsie lived with her family in Cape Town, South Africa, where her father had established the signwriting firm of Needham and Bennett.
    [Show full text]
  • The Secret History of Australia's Nuclear Ambitions
    Jim Walsh SURPRISE DOWN UNDER: THE SECRET HISTORY OF AUSTRALIAS NUCLEAR AMBITIONS by Jim Walsh Jim Walsh is a visiting scholar at the Center for Global Security Research at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. He is also a Ph.D. candidate in the Political Science program at MIT, where he is completing a dissertation analyzing comparative nuclear decisionmaking in Australia, the Middle East, and Europe. ustralia is widely considered tactical nuclear weapons. In 1961, of state behavior and the kinds of Ato be a world leader in ef- Australia proposed a secret agree- policies that are most likely to retard forts to halt and reverse the ment for the transfer of British the spread of nuclear weapons? 1 spread of nuclear weapons. The nuclear weapons, and, throughout This article attempts to answer Australian government created the the 1960s, Australia took actions in- some of these questions by examin- Canberra Commission, which called tended to keep its nuclear options ing two phases in Australian nuclear for the progressive abolition of open. It was not until 1973, when history: 1) the attempted procure- nuclear weapons. It led the fight at Australia ratified the NPT, that the ment phase (1956-1963); and 2) the the U.N. General Assembly to save country finally renounced the acqui- indigenous capability phase (1964- the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty sition of nuclear weapons. 1972). The historical reconstruction (CTBT), and the year before, played Over the course of four decades, of these events is made possible, in a major role in efforts to extend the Australia has gone from a country part, by newly released materials Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of that once sought nuclear weapons to from the Australian National Archive Nuclear Weapons (NPT) indefi- one that now supports their abolition.
    [Show full text]
  • John Gorton's Management of the American-Australian
    THE COLLAPSE OF AUSTRALIAN COLD WAR POLICY: JOHN GORTON’S MANAGEMENT OF THE AMERICAN-AUSTRALIAN ALLIANCE IN A TIME OF CRISIS Andrew Nicoll Mason-Jones 199946186 Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, The University of Sydney A thesis suBmitted to fulfil the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts 1 This is to certify that, to the best of my knowledge, the content of this thesis is my own work. This thesis has not been suBmitted for any degree or other purposes. I certify that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of my own work and that all the assistance received in preparing this thesis and sources have Been acknowledged. ______________________________________________________________ Andrew Mason-Jones 2 This thesis is dedicated to my dad, Nicoll Mason-Jones, who served in Vietnam from 1967 to 1968. 3 Thesis ABstract Between 1968 and 1971 the Australian government, under the leadership of Prime Minister John Gorton, began to rethink its foreign and defence policy: from one that had as its central tenet a strong relationship with ‘great and powerful friends’ and fighting communism in Asia, to one that saw Australia withdraw from overseas military action in Vietnam and take on a greater degree of self-reliance. This rethink was thrust on Gorton by British and American announcements to play a lesser role in Southeast Asian affairs, announcements that meant, in effect, the collapse of Australia’s Cold War policy. Such changes in relation to British and American intentions to remain engaged in the region prompted a wave of unprecedented national soul-searching in Australia, a key part of which was the task of re-setting the coordinates of Australian defence policy towards a more self- reliant posture.
    [Show full text]
  • Ben Chifley: the True Believer1
    1 Ben Chifley: the true believer John Hawkins2 Chifley was a ‘true believer’ in the Labor Party and in the role that government could play in stabilising the economy and keeping unemployment low. He was an active treasurer, initially working well with Prime Minister Curtin and then serving as both Prime Minister and Treasurer himself. He managed the war economy competently and achieved a smooth transition to a peacetime economy, although he allowed inflationary pressures to build up in the post-war years. Among his economic reforms were increased welfare payments, uniform income taxation and developing central banking powers (through direct controls rather than market mechanisms) for the Commonwealth Bank. Source: National Library of Australia.3 1 Arthur Fadden served almost a year as treasurer before Chifley, but as Chifley was Treasurer for most of the 1940s and Fadden for most of the 1950s, the essay on Chifley is being presented first in this series. 2 The author formerly worked in the Domestic Economy Division, the Australian Treasury. This article has benefited from comments provided by Selwyn Cornish, Robin McLachlan, Sam Malloy and Richard Grant. Thanks are also extended to the staff of the Chifley Home in Bathurst. The views in this article are those of the author and not necessarily those of the Australian Treasury. 103 Ben Chifley: the true believer Introduction The Right Honorable Joseph Benedict Chifley was a ‘true believer’ in the Labor cause.4 While an idealist, remembered for coining the term 'light on the hill' to capture
    [Show full text]
  • The Prime Ministers' Partners
    The Prime Ministers' Partners "A view is held, and sometimes expressed…that wives of Prime Ministers are more highly regarded and widely loved than Prime Ministers themselves, both during and after their terms of office." - Gough Whitlam "Tim Mathieson is the first bloke of Australia. We know this because he has a jacket to prove it." – Malcolm Farr, 2012 No. Prime Minister’s spouse Previous Partner of Children1 name 1. Jane (Jeanie) BARTON Ross Edmund BARTON 4 sons, 2 daughters 2. Elizabeth (Pattie) DEAKIN Browne Alfred DEAKIN 3 daughters 3. Ada WATSON Low Chris WATSON None 4. Florence (Flora) REID Brumby George REID 2 sons, 1 daughter 5. Margaret FISHER Irvine Andrew FISHER 5 sons, 1 daughter 6. Mary COOK Turner Joseph COOK 6 sons, 3 daughters 7. Mary HUGHES Campbell Billy HUGHES 1 daughter 8. Ethel BRUCE Anderson Stanley BRUCE None 9. Sarah SCULLIN McNamara Jim SCULLIN None 10. Enid LYONS Burnell Joseph LYONS 6 sons, 6 daughters 11. Ethel PAGE Blunt Earle PAGE 4 sons, 1 daughter 12. Pattie MENZIES Leckie Robert MENZIES 2 sons, 1 daughter 13. Ilma FADDEN Thornber Arthur FADDEN 2 sons, 2 daughters 14. Elsie CURTIN Needham John CURTIN 1 son, 1 daughter 15. Veronica (Vera) FORDE O’Reilley Frank FORDE 3 daughters, 1 son 16. Elizabeth CHIFLEY McKenzie Ben CHIFLEY None 17. (Dame) Zara HOLT Dickens Harold HOLT 3 sons 18. Bettina GORTON Brown John GORTON 2 sons, 1 daughter 19. Sonia McMAHON Hopkins William McMAHON 2 daughters, 1 son 20. Margaret WHITLAM Dovey Gough WHITLAM 3 sons, 1 daughter 21. Tamara (Tamie) FRASER Beggs Malcolm FRASER 2 sons, 2 daughters 22.
    [Show full text]
  • LIBRARY LECTURE: Becoming John Curtin and James Scullin—Their Early Political Careers and the Making of the Modern Labor Party
    LIBRARY LECTURE: Becoming John Curtin and James Scullin—their early political careers and the making of the modern Labor party Presented by Liam Byrne, Parliament House, Canberra on 17 March 2021 As Prime Ministers, John Curtin and James Scullin have defining—and tragic—places in our national story. Scullin’s political consciousness was awoken in the Great Depression of the 1890s. He witnessed working people bearing the cost of an economic cataclysm that they did not create. He dedicated his political life to ensure this wouldn’t happen again. Throughout the 1920s Scullin argued Australia was over-exposed economically and risked being drawn into another disaster. Labor returned to office, with Scullin as prime minister, just weeks before we were dragged into the Great Depression. Scullin’s time in office will be forever remembered as a time when workers suffered for an economic cataclysm they had not created. That is his tragedy. John Curtin also came of age during the Depression of the 1890s. His early working life was marked by a series of short-term jobs, and the frustration of never having the security to help provide for his family. As a young socialist, he warned that capitalism as a system was plunging toward war. When the First World War did come, Curtin was also drawn to national attention, predominantly through his role in opposing conscription, but also as a strong advocate for socialism—as he understood it. Curtin, famously, came to office somewhat reluctantly in October 1941. He died in office on 5th July 1945, widely seen as a war casualty.
    [Show full text]
  • Traits and Trends of Australia's Prime Ministers, 1901 to 2015: a Quick Guide
    RESEARCH PAPER SERIES, 2015–16 19 JANUARY 2016 Traits and trends of Australia’s prime ministers, 1901 to 2015: a quick guide Dr Joy McCann Politics and Public Administration Section Introduction • This Quick Guide presents information about the backgrounds and service of Australia’s 29 prime ministers, from Edmund Barton to Malcolm Turnbull. It includes information about of their backgrounds (age, place of birth, gender and occupational background), period in office, experience in other parliaments, parties, electorates and military service. • The majority of Australia’s prime ministers have been Australian-born, middle-aged, tertiary-educated men with experience in law or politics, representing electorates in either Victoria or New South Wales. Only one woman has served as Prime Minister since Federation. • Australia’s prime ministers have ranged in age at the time of first taking office from 39 years to 67 years. The average age is 52 years, which reflects the age profile of Australian parliamentarians more generally (51 years). • Three-quarters of Australia’s 29 prime ministers (22) were born in Australia. Of those born overseas, all but one came from the United Kingdom (England, Scotland or Wales). The only non-British overseas-born Prime Minister was Chris Watson, who was born in Chile and raised in New Zealand. Of those born in Australia, the majority were born in either Victoria (nine) or New South Wales (eight). • Thirteen prime ministers have represented electorates in New South Wales, 11 in Victoria, four in Queensland and one each in Western Australia and Tasmania. There have been no prime ministers representing electorates in South Australia, the Northern Territory, or the Australian Capital Territory.
    [Show full text]
  • Earle Page and the Imagining of Australia
    ‘NOW IS THE PSYCHOLOGICAL MOMENT’ EARLE PAGE AND THE IMAGINING OF AUSTRALIA ‘NOW IS THE PSYCHOLOGICAL MOMENT’ EARLE PAGE AND THE IMAGINING OF AUSTRALIA STEPHEN WILKS Ah, but a man’s reach should exceed his grasp, Or what’s a heaven for? Robert Browning, ‘Andrea del Sarto’ The man who makes no mistakes does not usually make anything. Edward John Phelps Earle Page as seen by L.F. Reynolds in Table Talk, 21 October 1926. Published by ANU Press The Australian National University Acton ACT 2601, Australia Email: [email protected] Available to download for free at press.anu.edu.au ISBN (print): 9781760463670 ISBN (online): 9781760463687 WorldCat (print): 1198529303 WorldCat (online): 1198529152 DOI: 10.22459/NPM.2020 This title is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). The full licence terms are available at creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode This publication was awarded a College of Arts and Social Sciences PhD Publication Prize in 2018. The prize contributes to the cost of professional copyediting. Cover design and layout by ANU Press. Cover photograph: Earle Page strikes a pose in early Canberra. Mildenhall Collection, NAA, A3560, 6053, undated. This edition © 2020 ANU Press CONTENTS Illustrations . ix Acknowledgements . xi Abbreviations . xiii Prologue: ‘How Many Germans Did You Kill, Doc?’ . xv Introduction: ‘A Dreamer of Dreams’ . 1 1 . Family, Community and Methodism: The Forging of Page’s World View . .. 17 2 . ‘We Were Determined to Use Our Opportunities to the Full’: Page’s Rise to National Prominence .
    [Show full text]
  • The Leader of the Opposition
    The Leader of the Opposition ‘…just as there can be no good or stable government without a sound majority, so there will be a dictatorial government unless there is the constant criticism of an intelligent, active, and critical opposition.’ –Sir Robert Menzies, 1948 The practice in Australia is for the leader of the party or coalition that can secure a majority in the House of Representatives to be appointed as Prime Minister. The leader of the largest party or Hon. Dr. H.V. Evatt coalition outside the government serves as Leader of the Opposition. Leader of the Opposition 1951 - 1960 The Leader of the Opposition is his or her party’s candidate for Prime National Library of Australia Minister at a general election. Each party has its own internal rules for the election of a party leader. Since 1967, the Leader of the Opposition has appointed a Shadow Ministry which offers policy alternatives and criticism on various portfolios. The Leader of the Opposition is, by convention, always a member of the House of Representatives and sits opposite the Prime Minister in the chamber. The Senate leader of the opposition party is referred to as the Leader of the Opposition in the Senate, even if they lead a majority of Senators. He or she usually has a senior Shadow Ministry role. Australia has an adversarial parliamentary system in which the Prime Minister and the Leader of the Opposition face off against one another during debates in the House of Representatives. The Opposition’s role is to hold the government accountable to the people and to Parliament, as well as to provide alternative policies in a range of areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Parliamentary Speech* Ken Inglis
    Parliamentary Speech* Ken Inglis Mr Speaker "Men and women of Australia". The words are Gough Whitlam’s, beginning at Bankstown the policy speech in his victorious campaign for election. They are also John Curtin’s, campaigning in 1943 for re-election, and before that, on 8 December 1941: "Men and women of Australia. We are at war with Japan." It’s less well known they are also the words of R G Menzies, speaking earlier in the war as Prime Minister. Men and women of Australia saw and heard Whitlam’s words on television. They heard Curtin’s and Menzies’ words on the radio. Only by television and radio could a political leader address the whole nation at once, though in days before radio he might use such a form of address to them as readers of his words. When Alfred Deakin delivered his policy speech for the election of 1903 he didn’t actually use the phrase; but he did address both "the men of Australia" and "the women of Australia"; and that was the first time a national party leader would think of speaking to the women, for in 1902 women had just been given the vote. The Prime Minister or Leader of the Opposition can never use that form of address in parliament. In this building he is supposed to address only the chair: Mr Speaker in the House of Representatives, Mr President in the Senate. From 1986 to 1989, Madam Speaker. Members are not delivering addresses, as on the hustings: they are engaged in debates. I’m interpreting my brief narrowly, saying little about the words politicians speak outside This is a lightly revised version of a Senate Department Occasional Lecture given in Parliament House, Canberra, on 23 February 1996.
    [Show full text]
  • Ben Chifley Dam Catchment, Australia Lachlan T
    Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive 1st International Congress on Environmental International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software - Lugano, Switzerland - Modelling and Software June 2002 Jul 1st, 12:00 AM Integrated Water Quality Modelling: Ben Chifley Dam Catchment, Australia Lachlan T. H. Newham R. A. Letcher A. J. Jakeman A. L. Heathwaite C. J. Smith See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/iemssconference Newham, Lachlan T. H.; Letcher, R. A.; Jakeman, A. J.; Heathwaite, A. L.; Smith, C. J.; and Large, D., "Integrated Water Quality Modelling: Ben Chifley aD m Catchment, Australia" (2002). International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software. 46. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/iemssconference/2002/all/46 This Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Civil and Environmental Engineering at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Presenter/Author Information Lachlan T. H. Newham, R. A. Letcher, A. J. Jakeman, A. L. Heathwaite, C. J. Smith, and D. Large This event is available at BYU ScholarsArchive: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/iemssconference/2002/all/46 Integrated Water Quality Modelling: Ben Chifley Dam Catchment, Australia L.T.H. Newhama, R.A. Letcherb, A.J. Jakemana.b, A.L. Heathwaitec, C.J. Smitha and D. Larged a Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia b Integrated Catchment Assessment and Management Centre, The Australian National University c Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, UK d New South Wales Environment Protection Authority Abstract: This paper describes an integrated hydrologic, stream sediment and nutrient export modelling system.
    [Show full text]