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impact is so minimal. Since this is a AWP CA E4 Palmdale, CA [Amended] Substances Act . This action is based on routine matter that will only affect air Palmdale USAF Plant 42 Airport, CA a finding by the Acting Administrator traffic procedures and air navigation, it (Lat. 34°37′46″ N, long. 118°05′04″ W) that the placement of brorphine in is certified that this rule, when That airspace extending upward from the schedule I of the Controlled Substances promulgated, would not have a surface within 1 mile each side of the 270° Act is necessary to avoid an imminent significant economic impact on a bearing from the airport, extending from the hazard to the public safety. As a result substantial number of small entities 4.3-mile radius to 7.5 miles west of Palmdale of this order, the regulatory controls and under the criteria of the Regulatory USAF Plant 42 Airport. This Class E airspace administrative, civil, and criminal Flexibility Act. area is effective during the specific dates and sanctions applicable to schedule I times established, in advance, by a Notice to Environmental Review Airmen. The effective date and time will controlled substances will be imposed on persons who handle (manufacture, The FAA has determined that this thereafter be continuously published in the Chart Supplement. distribute, reverse distribute, import, action qualifies for categorical exclusion export, engage in research, conduct under the National Environmental Paragraph 6005 Class E Airspace Areas instructional activities or chemical Policy Act in accordance with FAA Extending Upward From 700 Feet or More Above the Surface of the Earth. analysis with, or possess), or propose to Order 1050.1F, ‘‘Environmental handle brorphine. Impacts: Policies and Procedures,’’ * * * * * DATES: This temporary scheduling order paragraph 5–6.5a. This airspace action AWP CA E5 Palmdale, CA [Amended] is effective March 1, 2021, until March is not expected to cause any potentially Palmdale USAF Plant 42 Airport, CA 1, 2023. If this order is extended or significant environmental impacts, and (Lat. 34°37′46″ N, long. 118°05′04″ W) made permanent, DEA will publish a no extraordinary circumstances exist That airspace extending upward from 700 document in the Federal Register. that warrant preparation of an feet above the surface within a 6.8-mile FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: environmental assessment. radius of the airport, and within 6.1 miles ° Terrence L. Boos, Drug and Chemical List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 71 each side of the 080 bearing from the airport, Evaluation Section, Diversion Control extending from the 6.8-mile radius to 12.9 Airspace, Incorporation by reference, miles east of the airport, and within 4 miles Division, Drug Enforcement Navigation (air). north and 8 miles south of the 086° bearing Administration; Mailing Address: 8701 Morrissette Drive, Springfield, Virginia Adoption of the Amendment from the airport, extending from the airport to 14.3 miles east of the airport, and within 22152; Telephone: (571) 362–3249. ° In consideration of the foregoing, the 2 miles each side of the 274 bearing from the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Federal Aviation Administration airport, extending from the 6.8-mile radius to amends 14 CFR part 71 as follows: 13.4 miles west of Palmdale USAF Plant 42 Legal Authority Airport. The Controlled Substances Act (CSA) PART 71—DESIGNATION OF CLASS A, Issued in Seattle, Washington, on February provides the Attorney General (as B, C, D, AND E AIRSPACE AREAS; AIR 16, 2021. delegated to the Administrator of Drug TRAFFIC SERVICE ROUTES; AND B.G. Chew, Enforcement Administrator (DEA) REPORTING POINTS Acting Group Manager, Operations Support pursuant to 28 CFR 0.100) with the Group, Western Service Center. ■ 1. The authority citation for 14 CFR authority to temporarily place a part 71 continues to read as follows: [FR Doc. 2021–03904 Filed 2–26–21; 8:45 am] substance in schedule I of the CSA for BILLING CODE 4910–13–P two years without regard to the Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 106(g), 40103, requirements of 21 U.S.C. 811(b), if he 40113, 40120; E.O. 10854, 24 FR 9565, 3 CFR, finds that such action is necessary to 1959–1963 Comp., p. 389. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE avoid an imminent hazard to the public § 71.1 [Amended] safety. 21 U.S.C. 811(h)(1). In addition, ■ 2. The incorporation by reference in Drug Enforcement Administration if proceedings to control a substance are 14 CFR 71.1 of FAA Order 7400.11E, initiated under 21 U.S.C. 811(a)(1) while 1 Airspace Designations and Reporting 21 CFR Part 1308 the substance is temporarily controlled under section 811(h), the Administrator Points, dated July 21, 2020, and [Docket No. DEA–716] effective September 15, 2020, is may extend the temporary scheduling amended as follows: Schedules of Controlled Substances: for up to one year. 21 U.S.C. 811(h)(2). Temporary Placement of Brorphine in Where the necessary findings are Paragraph 5000 Class D Airspace. Schedule I made, a substance may be temporarily * * * * * scheduled if it is not listed in any other AGENCY: AWP CA D Palmdale, CA [Amended] Drug Enforcement schedule under 21 U.S.C. 812, or if there Administration, Department of Justice. is no exemption or approval in effect for Palmdale USAF Plant 42 Airport, CA (Lat. 34°37′46″ N, long. 118°05′04″ W) ACTION: Temporary amendment; the substance under section 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, That airspace extending upward from the temporary scheduling order. surface to and including 5,000 feet MSL 21 U.S.C. 355. 21 U.S.C. 811(h)(1); 21 within a 4.3-mile radius of Palmdale USAF SUMMARY: The Acting Administrator of CFR part 1308. the Drug Enforcement Administration is Plant 42 Airport. This Class D airspace area Background is effective during the specific dates and issuing this temporary order to schedule times established, in advance, by a Notice to 1-(1-(1-(4-bromophenyl)ethyl)piperidin- The CSA requires the Administrator Airmen. The effective date and time will 4-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzo[d]imidazol- to notify the Secretary of the thereafter be continuously published in the 2-one (commonly known as brorphine), Chart Supplement. including its isomers, esters, ethers, 1 Though DEA has used the term ‘‘final order’’ Paragraph 6004 Class E Airspace Areas salts, and salts of isomers, esters, and with respect to temporary scheduling orders in the Designated as an Extension to a Class D or past, this document adheres to the statutory ethers whenever the existence of such language of 21 U.S.C. 811(h), which refers to a Class E Surface Area. isomers, esters, ethers, and salts is ‘‘temporary scheduling order.’’ No substantive * * * * * possible, in schedule I of the Controlled change is intended.

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Department of Health and Human Available data and information for Factor 4. History and Current Pattern of Services (HHS) of his intention to brorphine summarized below indicate Abuse temporarily place a substance in that it has high potential for abuse, no Brorphine is part of a structural class 2 schedule I. 21 U.S.C. 811(h)(4). The currently accepted medical use in of compounds known as substituted Acting Administrator transmitted such treatment in the United States, and a piperidine benzimidazolones. The notice regarding brorphine to the lack of accepted safety for use under general synthesis of brorphine was first Assistant Secretary for Health of HHS medical supervision. DEA’s August reported in the literature in 2018. (Assistant Secretary) by letter dated 2020 three-factor analysis and the Brorphine is not an approved September 22, 2020. The Assistant Assistant Secretary’s October 27, 2020, pharmaceutical product and is not Secretary responded to this notice by letter are available in their entirety approved for medical use anywhere in letter dated October 27, 2020, and under the tab ‘‘Supporting Documents’’ the world. The Assistant Secretary, by a advised that based on a review by the of the public docket of this action at letter to DEA dated October 27, 2020, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), www.regulations.gov. stated that there are no FDA-approved there are currently no investigational NDAs or INDs for brorphine in the Brorphine new drug applications (INDs) or United States. Hence, DEA notes there approved new drug applications (NDAs) is no legitimate channel for brorphine as for brorphine. The Assistant Secretary The availability of synthetic opioids on the illicit drug market continues to a marketed drug product. The also stated that HHS had no objection to appearance of brorphine on the illicit the temporary placement of brorphine pose an imminent hazard to the public safety. Adverse health effects associated drug market is similar to other designer in schedule I of the CSA. drugs trafficked for their psychoactive DEA has taken into consideration the with the abuse of synthetic opioids and the increased popularity of these effects. Assistant Secretary’s comments as Since 2014, numerous synthetic required by subsection 811(h)(4). substances have posed serious health concerns in recent years. The presence opioids structurally related to fentanyl Brorphine is not currently listed in any and several synthetic opioids from other schedule under the CSA, and no of new synthetic opioids with no approved medical use exacerbates the structural classes have begun to emerge exemptions or approvals are in effect for on the illicit drug market as evidenced brorphine under 21 U.S.C. 355. DEA has unprecedented opioid epidemic in the United States continues to experience. by the identification of these drugs in found that the control of brorphine in forensic drug exhibits and toxicology The trafficking and abuse of new schedule I on a temporary basis is samples. Beginning in June 2019, synthetic opioids are deadly new trends. necessary to avoid an imminent hazard brorphine emerged in the United States to the public safety. The identification of brorphine on the illicit, synthetic drug market as As required by 21 U.S.C. 811(h)(1)(A), illicit drug market has been reported in evidenced by brorphine’s identification DEA published a notice of intent to the United States, Canada, Belgium, and in drug seizures. Authorities Between temporarily schedule brorphine on Sweden. Data obtained from preclinical July and September 2019, brorphine was December 3, 2020. 85 FR 78047. That pharmacology studies show that first reported in drug casework in notice of intent discussed findings from brorphine has a pharmacological profile Canada and was first reported in police DEA’s three-factor analysis dated similar to that of other potent opioids seizures in Sweden in March 2020.3 August 2020, which DEA made such as morphine and fentanyl, Brorphine has been encountered by available on www.regulations.gov. schedule II controlled substances. United States law enforcement in To find that placing a substance Because of the pharmacological powder form. In the United States, temporarily in schedule I of the CSA is similarities between brorphine and brorphine has been identified as a single necessary to avoid an imminent hazard other potent opioids, the use of substance and in combination with to the public safety, the Administrator is brorphine presents a high risk of abuse other substances. Between June 2019 required to consider three of the eight and may negatively affect users and and August 2020, there are twenty factors set forth in 21 U.S.C. 811(c): The reports of brorphine in the National substance’s history and current pattern their communities. The positive Forensic Laboratory Information System of abuse; the scope, duration and identification of this substance in law (NFLIS) from three different states (see significance of abuse; and what, if any, enforcement seizures and post-mortem Factor 5).4 In several NFLIS encounters, risk there is to the public health. 21 toxicology reports is a serious concern brorphine was found in combination U.S.C. 811(h)(3). Consideration of these to the public safety. The abuse of factors includes actual abuse diversion brorphine has been associated with at least seven fatalities between June and 3 Health Canada Drug Analysis Service (2019); from legitimate channels; and Analyzed Drug Report Canada 2019—Q3 (July to clandestine importation, manufacture, July 2020 in the United States. Thus, September); European Monitoring Centre for Drugs or distribution. 21 U.S.C. 811(h)(3). brorphine poses an imminent hazard to and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) (2020); EU Early A substance meeting the statutory public safety. Warning System Situation Report, Situation report 1—June 2020. requirements for temporary scheduling Available data and information for 4 NFLIS represents an important resource in may only be placed in schedule I. 21 brorphine, as summarized below, monitoring illicit drug trafficking, including the U.S.C. 811(h)(1). Substances in schedule indicates that this substance has a high diversion of legally manufactured pharmaceuticals I have a high potential for abuse, no into illegal markets. NFLIS-Drug is a comprehensive potential for abuse, no currently information system that includes data from forensic currently accepted medical use in accepted medical use in treatment in the laboratories that handle the nation’s drug analysis treatment in the United States, and a United States, and a lack of accepted cases. NFLIS-Drug participation rate, defined as the lack of accepted safety for use under safety for use under medical percentage of the national drug caseload medical supervision. 21 U.S.C. represented by laboratories that have joined NFLIS, supervision. DEA’s three-factor analysis is currently 98.5 percent. NFLIS includes drug 812(b)(1). is available in its entirety under chemistry results from completed analyses only. ‘‘Supporting and Related Material’’ of While NFLIS data is not direct evidence of abuse, 2 The Secretary of HHS has delegated to the the public docket for this action at it can lead to an inference that a drug has been Assistant Secretary for Health of HHS the authority diverted and abused. See 76 FR 77330, 77332, to make domestic drug scheduling www.regulations.gov under Docket December 12, 2011. NFLIS data was queried on recommendations. 58 FR 35460, July 1, 1993. Number DEA–716. August 18, 2020.

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with heroin (a schedule I substance) and benzodiazepines and other opioids is population abusing opioids is likely to fentanyl (a schedule II substance). In common with polysubstance abuse. be at risk of abusing brorphine. reports from the Northeastern Illinois NFLIS registered 20 reports of Individuals who initiate use (i.e., use a Regional Crime Laboratory, suspected brorphine from Ohio (4), Pennsylvania drug for the first time) of brorphine are heroin/fentanyl powders were analyzed (1), and Wisconsin (15) in 2019 and likely to be at risk of developing and found to be brorphine in 2020. NFLIS was queried on August 18, substance use disorder, overdose, and combination with flualprazolam, a non- 2020, for brorphine. Due to the rapid death similar to that of other opioid scheduled benzodiazepine, and appearance of the drug, brorphine is analgesics (e.g., fentanyl, morphine, diphenhydramine, an over-the-counter most likely under reported as forensic etc.). Law enforcement reports antihistamine.5 laboratories secure reference standards demonstrate that brorphine is being Post-mortem toxicology samples for the confirmative identification and illicitly distributed and abused. reporting of this substance. collected and submitted to National Factor 6. What, if Any, Risk There Is to The population likely to abuse Medical Services (NMS) Laboratory 6 in the Public Health brorphine appears to be the same as June and July 2020 verified the The increase in opioid overdose identification of brorphine. Brorphine those abusing prescription opioid analgesics, heroin, tramadol, fentanyl, deaths in the United States has been was first reported by the Center for exacerbated recently by the availability Forensic Science Research and and other synthetic opioid substances. This is evidenced by the types of other of potent synthetic opioids on the illicit Education (CFSRE)—Novel drug market. Data obtained from pre- Psychoactive Substance (NPS) drugs co-identified in samples obtained from brorphine seizures and post- clinical studies demonstrate that Discovery Program (under the novel brorphine exhibits a pharmacological psychoactive substances discovery mortem toxicology reports. Because abusers of brorphine are likely to obtain profile similar to that of other mu- program, in collaboration with NMS opioid receptor agonists. Data from in Labs) in July 2020. In seven post- it through unregulated sources, the identity, purity, and quantity of vitro studies showed that brorphine mortem toxicology reports in June and binds to and activates the mu-opioid July 2020, brorphine was found in brorphine are uncertain and inconsistent, thus posing significant receptors. In the [35S]GTPgS cell-based combination with fentanyl, receptor assay, brorphine, similar to flualprazolam, and heroin. Evidence adverse health risks to the end user. The misuse and abuse of opioids have been fentanyl, acted as a mu-opioid receptor suggests that individuals are using agonist. Brorphine’s activation of the brorphine as a replacement to heroin or demonstrated and are well- characterized. According to the most mu-opioid receptor was also shown to other opioids, either knowingly or involve recruitment of beta-arrestin-2, a unknowingly. recent data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH),7 as of regulatory protein whose interaction Factor 5. Scope, Duration, and 2019, an estimated 10.1 million people with the mu-opioid receptor has been Significance of Abuse aged 12 years or older misused opioids implicated in the adverse effects of mu- in the past year, including 9.7 million opioid receptor activation. Brorphine Brorphine has been described as a prescription pain reliever misusers and binds to and activates the mu-opioid potent synthetic opioid, and evidence 745,000 heroin users. In 2019, an receptor and has efficacy on scale with suggests it is being abused for its estimated 1.6 million people had an fentanyl in in vitro studies. It is well opioidergic effects (see Factor 6). opioid use disorder, which included 1.4 established that substances that act as According to a recent publication by million people with a prescription pain mu-opioid receptor agonists have a high CFSRE—NPS Discovery Program, reliever use disorder and 438,000 potential for addiction and can induce brorphine has been positively identified people with heroin use disorder. In dose-dependent respiratory depression. in seven death investigation cases As with any mu-opioid receptor 2018, an estimated 10.3 million people spanning between June and July 2020. agonist, the potential health and safety aged 12 years or older misused opioids These cases occurred in three states— risks for users of brorphine are high. in the past year, including 9.9 million Illinois (3), Minnesota (3), and Arizona The public health risks associated to the prescription pain reliever misusers and (1). Most (n=6) of the decedents were abuse of heroin and other m-opioid 808,000 heroin users. In 2018, an male. The decedents’ ages ranged receptor agonists are well established estimated 2 million people had an between 40’s and 60’s with an average and have resulted in large numbers of opioid use disorder, which included 1.7 age of 52 years. Other substances drug treatment admissions, emergency million people with a prescription pain identified in postmortem blood department visits, and fatal overdoses. reliever use disorder and 500,000 specimens obtained from these According to the Centers for Disease people with heroin use disorder. This decedents include flualprazolam, a Control and Prevention (CDC), opioids, mainly synthetic opioids other than nonscheduled benzodiazepine (n=5), 7 NSDUH, formerly known as the National fentanyl, a schedule II substance (n=7), Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA), is methadone, are predominantly and heroin, a schedule I substance conducted annually by the Department of Health responsible for drug overdose deaths in (n=4). The appearance of and Human Services Substance Abuse and Mental recent years. A CDC report shows that, Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). It is the from 2013 to 2018, opioid-related primary source of estimates of the prevalence and 5 Email communications with Northeastern incidence of nonmedical use of pharmaceutical overdose deaths in the United States Illinois Regional Crime Laboratory, dated 7/1/2020 drugs, illicit drugs, alcohol, and tobacco use in the increased from 25,052 to 46,802. Of the and 6/11/2020. United States. The survey is based on a nationally drug overdose deaths for 2018, opioids 6 NMS Labs, in collaboration with the Center for representative sample of the civilian, non- were involved in about 69.5 percent of Forensic Science Research and Education at the institutionalized population 12 years of age and Fredric Rieders Family Foundation and the older. The survey excludes homeless people who all drug-involved overdose deaths. Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Force at do not use shelters, active military personnel, and In the United States, the abuse of the United States Department of Justice, has residents of institutional group quarters such as opioid analgesics has resulted in large received funding from the Centers for Disease jails and hospitals. The NSDUH provides yearly numbers of treatment admissions, Control and Prevention to develop systems for the national and state level estimates of drug abuse, and early identification and notification of novel includes prevalence estimates by lifetime (i.e., ever emergency department visits, and fatal psychoactive substances in the drug supply within used), past year, and past month abuse or overdoses. The introduction of potent the United States. dependence. synthetic opioids such as brorphine into

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the illicit market may serve as a portal Administrator, through a letter dated registered with DEA to conduct such to problematic opioid use for those September 22, 2020, notified the activities pursuant to 21 U.S.C. 822, seeking these powerful opioids. Assistant Secretary of DEA’s intention 823, 957, and 958, and in accordance Brorphine has been co-identified with to temporarily place brorphine in with 21 CFR parts 1301 and 1312, as of other substances in seven post-mortem schedule I. DEA subsequently published March 1, 2021. Any person who toxicology cases in June and July 2020. a notice of intent on December 3, 2020. currently handles brorphine, and is not These substances include other opioids 85 FR 78047. registered with DEA, must submit an such as fentanyl and heroin, and other application for registration and may not Conclusion substance classes such as continue to handle brorphine as of benzodiazepines. These deaths occurred In accordance with 21 U.S.C. March 1, 2021, unless DEA has in three states: Illinois, Arizona, and 811(h)(1) and (3), the Acting approved that application for Minnesota. Information gathered from Administrator considered available data registration pursuant to 21 U.S.C. 822, case history findings shows that and information, herein set forth the 823, 957, and 958, and in accordance brorphine use is similar to that of classic grounds for his determination that it is with 21 CFR parts 1301 and 1312. Retail opioid agonists. As documented by necessary to temporarily schedule sales of schedule I controlled substances toxicology reports, poly-substance abuse brorphine in schedule I of the CSA and to the general public are not allowed remains common in fatalities associated finds that placement of this substance in under the CSA. Possession of any with the abuse of brorphine. schedule I of the CSA is necessary in quantity of this substance in a manner order to avoid an imminent hazard to not authorized by the CSA on or after Finding of Necessity of Schedule I the public safety. March 1, 2021 is unlawful and those in Placement To Avoid Imminent Hazard This temporary order scheduling this possession of any quantity of these to Public Safety substance will be effective on the date substances may be subject to In accordance with 21 U.S.C. the order is published in the Federal prosecution pursuant to the CSA. 811(h)(3), based on the available data Register and will be in effect for a 2. Disposal of stocks. Any person who and information summarized above, the period of two years, with a possible does not desire or is not able to obtain uncontrolled manufacture, distribution, extension of one additional year, a schedule I registration to handle reverse distribution, importation, pending completion of the regular brorphine must surrender all currently exportation, conduct of research and (permanent) scheduling process. 21 held quantities of brorphine. chemical analysis, possession, and U.S.C. 811(h)(1) and (2). 3. Security. Brorphine is subject to abuse of brorphine pose an imminent The CSA sets forth specific criteria for schedule I security requirements and hazard to the public safety. DEA is not scheduling a drug or other substance. must be handled and stored pursuant to aware of any currently accepted medical Regular scheduling actions in 21 U.S.C. 821, 823, 871(b) and in uses for brorphine in the United States.8 accordance with 21 U.S.C. 811(a) are accordance with 21 CFR 1301.71– A substance meeting the statutory subject to formal rulemaking procedures 1301.93, as of March 1, 2021. Non- requirements for temporary scheduling, done ‘‘on the record after opportunity practitioners handling brorphine must found in 21 U.S.C. 811(h)(1), may only for a hearing’’ conducted pursuant to also comply with the employee be placed in schedule I. Substances in the provisions of 5 U.S.C. 556 and 557. screening requirements of 21 CFR schedule I are those that have a high 21 U.S.C. 811. The regular scheduling 1301.90–1301.93. potential for abuse, no currently process of formal rulemaking affords 4. Labeling and Packaging. All labels, accepted medical use in treatment in the interested parties with appropriate labeling, and packaging for commercial United States, and a lack of accepted process and the government with any containers of brorphine must be in safety for use under medical additional relevant information needed compliance with 21 U.S.C. 825, 958(e) supervision. Available data and to make a determination. Final and be in accordance with 21 CFR part information for brorphine indicate that decisions that conclude the regular 1302. Current DEA registrants will have this substance has a high potential for scheduling process of formal 30 calendar days from March 1, 2021 to abuse, no currently accepted medical rulemaking are subject to judicial comply with all labeling and packaging use in treatment in the United States, review. 21 U.S.C. 877. Temporary requirements. and a lack of accepted safety for use scheduling orders are not subject to 5. Inventory. Every DEA registrant under medical supervision. As required judicial review. 21 U.S.C. 811(h)(6). who possesses any quantity of by 21 U.S.C. 811(h)(4), the Acting brorphine on the effective date of this Requirements for Handling order must take an inventory of all 8 Although there is no evidence suggesting that Upon the effective date of this stocks of these substances on hand, brorphine has a currently accepted medical use in temporary order, brorphine will be pursuant to 21 U.S.C. 827 and 958 and treatment in the United States, it bears noting that subject to the regulatory controls and in accordance with 21 CFR 1304.03, a drug cannot be found to have such medical use administrative, civil, and criminal 1304.04, and 1304.11. Current DEA unless DEA concludes that it satisfies a five-part test. Specifically, with respect to a drug that has not sanctions applicable to the manufacture, registrants will have 30 calendar days been approved by FDA, to have a currently distribution, reverse distribution, from the effective date of this order to accepted medical use in treatment in the United importation, exportation, engagement in be in compliance with all inventory States, all of the following must be demonstrated: research, and conduct of instructional requirements. After the initial i. The drug’s chemistry must be known and activities or chemical analysis with, and inventory, every DEA registrant must reproducible; ii. there must be adequate safety studies; possession of schedule I controlled take an inventory of all controlled iii. there must be adequate and well-controlled substances, including the following: substances (including brorphine) on studies proving efficacy; 1. Registration. Any person who hand on a biennial basis, pursuant to 21 iv. the drug must be accepted by qualified handles (manufactures, distributes, U.S.C. 827 and 958 and in accordance experts; and reverse distributes, imports, exports, with 21 CFR 1304.03, 1304.04, and v. the scientific evidence must be widely engages in research, or conducts 1304.11. available. 6. Records. All DEA registrants must 57 FR 10499 (1992), pet. for rev. denied, Alliance instructional activities or chemical for Cannabis Therapeutics v. DEA, 15 F.3d 1131, analysis with, or possesses), or who maintain records with respect to 1135 (D.C. Cir. 1994). desires to handle, brorphine must be brorphine, pursuant to 21 U.S.C. 827

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and 958 and in accordance with 21 CFR matter other than rule making.’’ 5 U.S.C. regulatory review as established in E.O. parts 1304, 1312, and 1317, and section 551(6) (emphasis added). The specific 12866. E.O. 12866 classifies a 1307.11. Current DEA registrants language chosen by Congress indicates ‘‘significant regulatory action,’’ authorized to handle brorphine shall an intention for DEA to proceed through requiring review by the Office of have 30 calendar days from the effective the issuance of an order instead of Management and Budget, as any date of this order to be in compliance proceeding by rulemaking. Given that regulatory action that is likely to result with all recordkeeping requirements. Congress specifically requires the in a rule that may: (1) Have an annual 7. Reports. All DEA registrants who Administrator to follow rulemaking effect on the economy of $100 million manufacture or distribute brorphine procedures for other kinds of scheduling or more or adversely affect in a material must submit reports pursuant to 21 actions, see 21 U.S.C. 811(a), note that way the economy; a sector of the U.S.C. 827 and in accordance with 21 in 21 U.S.C. 811(h)(1), Congress economy; productivity; competition; CFR parts 1304 and 1312 as of March 1, authorized the issuance of temporary jobs; the environment; public health or 2021. scheduling actions by order rather than safety; or State, local, or tribal 8. Order Forms. All DEA registrants by rule. governments or communities; (2) create who distribute brorphine must comply Alternatively, even if this action was a serious inconsistency or otherwise with order form requirements pursuant subject to section 553 of the APA, the interfere with an action taken or to 21 U.S.C. 828 and in accordance with Acting Administrator finds that there is planned by another agency; (3) 21 CFR part 1305 as of March 1, 2021. good cause to forgo the notice-and- materially alter the budgetary impact of 9. Importation and Exportation. All comment requirements of section 553, entitlements, grants, user fees, or loan importation and exportation of as any further delays in the process for programs, or the rights and obligations brorphine must be in compliance with issuance of temporary scheduling orders of recipients thereof; or (4) raise novel 21 U.S.C. 952, 953, 957, and 958, and would be impracticable and contrary to legal or policy issues arising out of legal in accordance with 21 CFR part 1312 as the public interest in view of the mandates, the President’s priorities, or of March 1, 2021. manifest urgency to avoid an imminent the principles set forth in the E.O. 10. Quota. Only DEA registered hazard to the public safety. Because this is not a rulemaking action, manufacturers may manufacture Although DEA believes this this is not a significant regulatory action brorphine in accordance with a quota temporary scheduling order is not as defined in Section 3(f) of E.O. 12866. assigned pursuant to 21 U.S.C. 826 and subject to the notice-and-comment This action will not have substantial in accordance with 21 CFR part 1303 as requirements of section 553 of the APA, direct effects on the states, on the of March 1, 2021. DEA notes that in accordance with 21 relationship between the national 11. Liability. Any activity involving U.S.C. 811(h)(4), the Acting government and the states, or on the brorphine not authorized by, or in Administrator took into consideration distribution of power and violation of the CSA, occurring as of comments submitted by the Assistant responsibilities among the various March 1, 2021, is unlawful and may Secretary in response to the notice that levels of government. Therefore, in subject the person to administrative, DEA transmitted to the Assistant accordance with E.O. 13132 civil, and/or criminal sanctions. Secretary pursuant to such subsection. (Federalism), it is determined that this Further, DEA believes that this Regulatory Matters action does not have sufficient temporary scheduling action is not a federalism implications to warrant the The CSA provides for a temporary ‘‘rule’’ as defined by 5 U.S.C. 601(2), preparation of a Federalism Assessment. scheduling action where such action is and accordingly, is not subject to the necessary to avoid an imminent hazard requirements of the Regulatory List of Subjects in 21 CFR Part 1308 to the public safety. 21 U.S.C. 811(h)(1). Flexibility Act. The requirements for the Administrative practice and As provided in this subsection, the preparation of an initial regulatory procedure, Drug traffic control, Administrator (as delegated by the flexibility analysis in 5 U.S.C. 603(a) are Reporting and recordkeeping Attorney General) by order may not applicable here, as DEA is not requirements. schedule a substance in schedule I on a required by section 553 of the APA or temporary basis. Such an order may not any other law to publish a general For the reasons set out above, DEA be issued before the expiration of 30 notice of proposed rulemaking. amends 21 CFR part 1308 as follows: days from: (1) The publication of a In accordance with the principles of PART 1308—SCHEDULES OF notice in the Federal Register of the Executive Orders (E.O.) 12866 and CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES intention to issue such order and the 13563, this action is not a significant grounds upon which such order is to be regulatory action. E.O. 12866 directs ■ 1. The authority citation for part 1308 issued, and (2) the date that comment agencies to assess all costs and benefits continues to read as follows: requirements of section 553 of the of available regulatory alternatives and, Administrative Procedure Act (APA), 5 if regulation is necessary, to select Authority: 21 U.S.C. 811, 812, 871(b), U.S.C. 553, do not apply to this regulatory approaches that maximize 956(b), unless otherwise noted. temporary scheduling order. The APA net benefits (including potential ■ 2. In § 1308.11, add paragraph (h)(49) expressly differentiates between an economic, environmental, public health, to read as follows: order and a rule, as it defines an ‘‘order’’ and safety effects; distributive impacts; to mean a ‘‘final disposition, whether and equity). E.O. 13563 is supplemental § 1308.11 Schedule I affirmative, negative, injunctive, or to and reaffirms the principles, * * * * * declaratory in form, of an agency in a structures, and definitions governing (h) * * *

(49) 1-(1-(1-(4-bromophenyl)ethyl)piperidin-4-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-one, its isomers, esters, ethers, salts and salts of isomers, esters and ethers (Other names: brorphine; 1-[1-[1-(4-bromophenyl)ethyl]-4-piperidinyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2- one) ...... 9098

VerDate Sep<11>2014 16:15 Feb 26, 2021 Jkt 253001 PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 4700 Sfmt 4700 E:\FR\FM\01MRR1.SGM 01MRR1 Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 38 / Monday, March 1, 2021 / Rules and Regulations 11867

* * * * * www.regulations.gov or in hard copy at respectively. The geographic areas the Air Regulatory Management Section, designated as nonattainment in North D. Christopher Evans, Air Planning and Implementation Carolina for the 1997 8-hour ozone Acting Administrator. Branch, Air and Radiation Division, standard included the Charlotte- [FR Doc. 2021–04242 Filed 2–26–21; 8:45 am] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC Area (the BILLING CODE 4410–09–P Region 4, 61 Forsyth Street SW, Atlanta, North Carolina portion is hereinafter the Georgia 30303–8960. EPA requests that, ‘‘1997 Charlotte Area’’).4 The geographic if at all possible, you contact the person areas designated as nonattainment in ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION listed in the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION North Carolina for the 2008 ozone AGENCY CONTACT section to schedule your standard are part of an area known as inspection. The Regional Office’s the Charlotte-Rock Hill, NC-SC Area 40 CFR Part 52 official hours of business are Monday (the North Carolina portion is [EPA–R04–OAR–2019–0613; FRL–10019– through Friday 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., hereinafter the ‘‘2008 Charlotte Area’’).5 20–Region 4] excluding Federal holidays. EPA redesignated North Carolina’s 1979 FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: ozone nonattainment areas to Air Plan Approval; North Carolina: Tiereny Bell, Air Regulatory attainment in a series of actions from Revisions to Annual Emissions Management Section, Air Planning and 1993 to 1995,6 redesignated the 1997 Reporting Implementation Branch, Air and Charlotte Area to attainment on AGENCY: Environmental Protection Radiation Division, Region 4, U.S. December 2, 2013 (78 FR 72036), and Agency (EPA). Environmental Protection Agency, 61 redesignated the 2008 Charlotte Area to ACTION: Final rule. Forsyth Street SW, Atlanta, Georgia attainment on July 28, 2015 (80 FR 30303–8960. The telephone number is 44873). SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection (404) 562–9088. Ms. Bell can also be North Carolina was required to Agency (EPA) is approving a State reached via electronic mail at develop nonattainment SIP revisions Implementation Plan (SIP) revision [email protected]. addressing the CAA requirements for its submitted by the State of North SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: ozone nonattainment areas. Among Carolina, through the North Carolina I. Background other things, North Carolina was Department of Environmental Quality, required to address the annual Division of Air Quality (DAQ), on July In 1979, EPA promulgated a NAAQS emissions reporting requirement in CAA 10, 2019. The SIP revision modifies the for ozone, setting the standard at 0.12 section 182(a)(3)(B), which requires State’s annual emissions reporting parts per million (ppm) averaged over a each state with an ozone nonattainment regulation by removing the annual 1-hour time frame. See 44 FR 8202 area to submit a SIP revision requiring emissions reporting requirement for (February 8, 1979). In 1997, EPA stationary sources that emit 25 tons per certain non-Title V facilities in promulgated a revised NAAQS for year (tpy) or more of nitrogen oxides geographic areas that have been ozone, setting the standard at 0.08 ppm (NOX) or volatile organic compounds redesignated to attainment for the 1979 averaged over an 8-hour time frame. See (VOC) within the nonattainment area to 1-hour ozone national ambient air 62 FR 38856 (July 18, 1997).1 In 2008, provide certified annual emissions quality standards (‘‘NAAQS’’ or EPA revised the level of the 8-hour statements to the state showing actual ‘‘standards’’) and in the areas listed in ozone standard to 0.075 ppm. See 73 FR annual NOX and VOC emissions from the rule that have been redesignated to 16436 (March 27, 2008).2 The the sources. attainment for the 1997 8-hour ozone promulgation of a new or revised NAAQS, with the exception of the NAAQS triggers a CAA requirement for 4 The geographic areas designated as geographic areas that have been EPA to designate as nonattainment any nonattainment in North Carolina for the 1997 ozone redesignated to attainment for the 2008 area that violates the NAAQS or standard included all geographic areas designated 8-hour ozone NAAQS. The SIP revision contributes to a violation in a nearby as nonattainment for the 1979 ozone standard as also makes minor changes that do not well as additional areas. The 1997 Charlotte Area area. On November 6, 1991, EPA consists of Cabarrus, Gaston, Lincoln, Mecklenburg, significantly alter the meaning of the published designations and Rowan, and Union Counties and Davidson regulation. EPA is approving this classifications for the 1979 1-hour ozone Township and Coddle Creek Township in Iredell revision pursuant to the Clean Air Act NAAQS.3 See 56 FR 56694. EPA initially County. (CAA or Act). published designations and 5 The 2008 Charlotte Area is a subset of the 1997 Charlotte Area and consists of Central Cabarrus DATES: This rule is effective March 31, classifications for the revised 1997 8- Township, Concord Township, Georgeville 2021. hour and revised 2008 8-hour ozone Township, Harrisburg Township, Kannapolis ADDRESSES: EPA has established a standards on April 30, 2004 (69 FR Township, Midland Township, Mount Pleasant 23858) and May 21, 2012 (77 FR 30088), Township, New Gilead Township, Odell Township, docket for this action under Docket Poplar Tent Township, and Rimertown Township Identification No. EPA–R04–OAR– in Cabarrus County; Crowders Mountain Township, 2019–0613. All documents in the docket 1 EPA has revoked the 1979 and 1997 ozone Dallas Township, Gastonia Township, Riverbend are listed on the www.regulations.gov standards. See 69 FR 23951 (April 30, 2004) and 80 Township, and South Point Township in Gaston FR 12264 (March 6, 2015), respectively. County; Davidson Township and Coddle Creek website. Although listed in the index, 2 EPA revised the level of the 8-hour ozone Township in Iredell County; Catawba Springs some information may not be publicly standard to 0.070 ppm in 2015 and designated the Township, Ironton Township, and Lincolnton available, i.e., Confidential Business entire state as attainment/unclassifiable for that Township in Lincoln County; Atwell Township, Information or other information whose NAAQS in 2017. See 80 FR 65296 (October 22, China Grove Township, Franklin Township, Gold 2015) and 82 FR 54232 (November 16, 2017). Hill Township, Litaker Township, Locke Township, disclosure is restricted by statute. 3 EPA designated the following geographic areas Providence Township, Salisbury Township, Steele Certain other material, such as in North Carolina as nonattainment for the 1979 Township, and Unity Township in Rowan County; copyrighted material, is not placed on ozone standard: Davidson, Durham, Forsyth, and Goose Creek Township, Marshville Township, the internet and will be publicly Gaston, Guilford, Mecklenburg, and Wake Counties, Monroe Township, Sandy Ridge Township, and the Dutchville Township in Granville County, and Vance Township in Union County. available only in hard copy form. that part of Davie County bounded by the Yadkin 6 See 58 FR 47391 (November 9, 1993), 59 FR Publicly available docket materials can River, Dutchmans Creek, North Carolina Highway 18300 (April 18, 1994), and 60 FR 34859 (July 5, either be retrieved electronically via 801, Fulton Creek and back to the Yadkin River. 1995).

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