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Phar-Mon Plus Phar-Mon plus Der Konsum etablierter sowie neuer psychoaktiver Substanzen in unterschiedlichen Risikopopulationen Ergebnisse des Projekts Phar-Mon plus aus dem Jahr 2020 Dr. Kirsten Lochbühler, Regina Kühnl, Simona Maspero, Darya Aydin & Mark Hulm IFT Institut für Therapieforschung DANKSAGUNG Unser herzlicher Dank gilt denjenigen, die uns bei der Erstellung des Berichts unterstützt haben: unserem Kooperationspartner Karsten Tögel-Lins von Basis e. V., unseren Kolleginnen Renate Schlüter, Julia Heck, Monika Rossa, Katharina Schoder und Selina Moser sowie unseren Praktikantinnen und Praktikanten Helena Faust, Elena Schauer, Anna Hodges, Olivia Hoppe, Jan Kustermann, Anna Preitenwieser, Tim Sedelmaier, Lisa Pfefferseder und Magdalena Wimmer. Darüber hinaus möchten wir all unseren engagierten Kooperationspartnerinnen und -partnern danken: den Partyprojekten, den Suchthilfeeinrichtungen, dem HaLT-Projekt der BAS, dem GIZ- Nord und der JVA Wittlich, die uns seit Jahren bei der Rekrutierung von Studienteilnehmerinnen und -teilnehmern unterstützen bzw. uns Daten aus ihren Projekten/Einrichtungen zur Verfügung stellen. Außerdem möchten wir uns bei allen Personen, die sich für ein Interview bereit erklärt haben, ganz herzlich bedanken. Ein besonderer Dank geht auch an alle Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmer, die Fragebögen ausgefüllt haben und uns somit einen wertvollen Einblick in ihr Konsumverhalten erlauben. 3 INHALT Inhalt Teil 1: Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie auf den Konsum psychoaktiver Substanzen und das Suchthilfesystem ............................................................. 12 1 Hintergrund.................................................................................................................... 12 2 Qualitative Erhebungen ................................................................................................ 16 2.1 Methode 16 2.1.1 Durchführung .................................................................................................................. 16 2.1.2 Erhebungsinstrument ...................................................................................................... 16 2.1.3 Stichprobe ....................................................................................................................... 17 2.1.4 Auswertung ..................................................................................................................... 19 2.2 Ergebnisse 19 2.2.1 Veränderungen im Suchthilfeangebot und in der Versorgung .......................................... 19 2.2.2 Umgang mit dem Infektionsschutz und Infektionsgeschehen .......................................... 28 2.2.3 Veränderungen für die Klientel und auf dem Markt .......................................................... 30 2.2.4 Einflüsse auf die Versorgung während der Pandemie und Anregungen für eine bessere Versorgung ........................................................................................................ 34 3 Quantitative Erhebung .................................................................................................. 40 3.1 Methode 40 3.1.1 Durchführung .................................................................................................................. 40 3.1.2 Erhebungsinstrument ...................................................................................................... 40 3.1.3 Stichprobe ....................................................................................................................... 43 3.2 Ergebnisse 45 3.2.1 Soziodemographie .......................................................................................................... 45 3.2.2 Konsumprävalenzen ........................................................................................................ 52 3.2.3 Substanzkonsum vor und seit Beginn der Corona-Pandemie .......................................... 56 3.2.4 Veränderungen bezüglich des Substanzkonsums ........................................................... 61 3.2.5 Substanzen, die in Zusammenhang mit der Corona-Pandemie an Bedeutung gewonnen haben ............................................................................................................. 74 3.2.6 Auswirkungen der Corona-Pandemie auf psychologische Aspekte ................................. 77 3.2.7 Auswirkungen der Corona-Pandemie auf Drogen- und Suchthilfeangebote .................... 79 3.2.8 Auswirkungen der Corona-Pandemie auf die Substitutionsbehandlung ........................... 88 4 The EMCDDA Web Survey on Drugs: COVID-19– die Situation in Deutschland ....... 95 4.1 Methode 95 4.1.1 Durchführung .................................................................................................................. 95 4.1.2 Erhebungsinstrument ...................................................................................................... 95 4.1.3 Stichprobe ....................................................................................................................... 95 4.2 Ergebnisse 95 4.2.1 Konsumprävalenzen ........................................................................................................ 95 4 INHALT 4.2.2 Veränderungen im Konsum illegaler Drogen und dessen Gründe ................................... 96 4.2.3 Beschaffung von Drogen ................................................................................................. 97 4.2.4 Veränderungen in der Absicht bzw. der Nutzung von (Online-) Hilfsangeboten ............... 99 4.2.5 Veränderungen auf dem Drogenmarkt .......................................................................... 101 Teil 2: Routine-Monitoring ........................................................................................... 102 1 Datenerhebung durch Partyprojekte .......................................................................... 102 1.1 Methode 102 1.1.1 Durchführung ................................................................................................................ 102 1.1.2 Erhebungsinstrument .................................................................................................... 102 1.1.3 Stichprobe ..................................................................................................................... 103 1.2 Ergebnisse 104 1.2.1 Konsumprävalenzen ...................................................................................................... 104 1.2.2 Konsumfrequenz ........................................................................................................... 106 1.2.3 Konsumorte ................................................................................................................... 108 1.2.4 Applikationsformen ........................................................................................................ 110 1.2.5 Substanzkombinationen ................................................................................................ 112 1.2.6 Nebenwirkungen ........................................................................................................... 114 1.2.7 Szeneeindrücke: Substanzen, die häufig konsumiert werden, und Substanzen, die in der Partyszene an Bedeutung gewonnen haben .................................................. 117 1.2.8 NPS-Konsum ................................................................................................................ 118 2 Projekt „Hart am LimiT – HaLT“ ................................................................................. 120 2.1 Hintergrund 120 2.2 Methode 120 2.2.1 Durchführung ................................................................................................................ 120 2.3 Ergebnisse 122 2.3.1 Zustand bei Einlieferung ................................................................................................ 122 2.3.1 Alkohol-/Drogenkonsum, festgestellt bei Einlieferung .................................................... 123 3 Giftinformationszentrum-Nord ................................................................................... 128 3.1 Hintergrund 128 3.2 Methode 128 3.3 Ergebnisse 128 4 Justizvollzugsanstalt Wittlich ..................................................................................... 132 4.1 Hintergrund 132 4.2 Methode 132 4.2.1 Durchführung ................................................................................................................ 132 4.2.2 Erhebungsinstrumente .................................................................................................. 133 4.2.3 Stichprobe ..................................................................................................................... 133 4.3 Ergebnisse 133 5 INHALT 4.3.1 NPS-Konsum ................................................................................................................ 133 4.3.2 Konsumanzeichen ......................................................................................................... 134 5 Early Warning System ................................................................................................ 137 5.1 Hintergrund 137 5.2 Methode 137 5.3 Ergebnisse 138 5.3.1 Neu gemeldete Stoffe .................................................................................................... 138 5.3.1 Warnmeldungen ............................................................................................................ 143 6 Projekt „Legal High“ ..................................................................................................
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