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(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2015/0083979 A1 Costello Et Al

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(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2015/0083979 A1 Costello Et Al US 2015 0083979A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2015/0083979 A1 Costello et al. (43) Pub. Date: Mar. 26, 2015 (54) FLUORINATED NITRILES AS DELECTRIC Related U.S. Application Data GASES (60) Provisional application No. 61/620,192, filed on Apr. 4, 2012. (71) Applicant: 3M INNOVATIVE PROPERTIES COMPANY, ST. Paul, MN (US) Publication Classification (72) Inventors: Michael G. Costello, Afton, MN (US); (51) Int. C. Richard M. Flynn, Mahtomedi, MN HOIB 3/56 (2006.01) (US); Michael J. Bulinski, Woodbury, HOIB 3/16 (2006.01) MN (US) HOIB 3/24 (2006.01) (52) U.S. C. (21) Appl. No.: 14/388,301 CPC. H01B3/56 (2013.01); H01B3/24 (2013.01); H0IB 3/16 (2013.01) (22) PCT Fled: Mar. 15, 2013 USPC ........................................... 252/571; 558/461 (57) ABSTRACT (86) PCT NO.: PCT/US2O13/031854 An electrical device containing a dielectric fluid, the dielec S371 (c)(1), tric fluid comprising heptafluoroisobutyronitrile or 2,3,3,3- (2) Date: Sep. 26, 2014 tetrafluoro-2-(trifluoromethoxy) propanenitrile. 3 Patent Application Publication Mar. 26, 2015 US 2015/0083979 A1 FIG. I US 2015/008.3979 A1 Mar. 26, 2015 FLUORINATED NITRILES AS DELECTRIC or high-pressure nitrogen. Some other replacement mixtures GASES Suffer from release of free carbon during arcing, increased toxicity during or after arcing, and increased difficulty in gas CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED handling during storage, recovery and recycling. Also iden APPLICATIONS tified are perfluorocarbon (PFC) gases that might also be 0001. This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provi mixed with nitrogen or helium, like SF. However, PFCs also sional Application No. 61/620,192, filed Apr. 4, 2012, the have high GWPs so the possible reduction in environmental disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its impact of such strategies is limited. entirety. SUMMARY FIELD 0008. In one embodiment, provided is an electrical device that includes a dielectric fluid according to the formula: (i) 0002 The present disclosure relates generally to the use of (CF)CFCN; or (ii) CFCF(OCF)CN. dielectric fluids in electrical devices such as capacitors, 0009. In one embodiment, provided is a dielectric compo Switchgear, transformers and electric cables or buses. In par sition. The dielectric composition includes a fluid according ticular, the present disclosure pertains to the use of heptaflu to the formula: (i) (CF)CFCN, or (ii) CFCF(OCF)CN, oroisobutyronitrile O 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(trifluo and a gaseous dielectric comprising an inert gas having a romethoxy) propanenitrile as dielectric fluids in electrical vapor pressure of at least about 70 kPa at 0°C. devices. I0010. In one embodiment, provided is a dielectric compo sition for use in an electrical device as an insulator. The BACKGROUND dielectric composition includes a fluid according to the for 0003 Dielectric gases are used in various electrical appa mula: (i) (CF),CFCN, or (ii) CFCF(OCF)CN. ratuses such as, for example: transformers, electric cables or buses, and circuit breakers or switchgear. For example, see BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS U.S. Pat. No. 7,807,074 (Luly et al.). In such electrical devices, dielectric gases are often used in place of air as an 0011 FIG. 1 is an illustration of electrical hardware that electrical insulator due to their higher dielectric strength includes a fluorinated nitrile fluid in accordance with present (DS). Such dielectric gases allow higher power densities as disclosure. compared to air-filled electrical devices. DETAILED DESCRIPTION 0004 Most significantly, sulfur hexafluoride (SF) has become the dominant captive dielectric gas in many electrical 0012. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an, and applications. SF is advantageously nontoxic, non-flam "the" include plural referents unless the content clearly dic mable, easy to handle, has a useful operating temperature tates otherwise. As used in this specification and the appended range, and excellent dielectric and arc-interrupting proper embodiments, the term 'or' is generally employed in its sense ties. Within transformers, it also acts as a coolant. Blowers including and/or unless the content clearly dictates other within the transformer often circulate the gas aiding in heat wise. transfer from the windings. I0013 As used herein, the recitation of numerical ranges by 0005. However, a concern with SF is its 3200 year atmo endpoints includes all numbers subsumed within that range spheric lifetime and global warming potential (GWP) of (e.g. 1 to 5 includes 1, 1.5, 2, 2.75, 3, 3.8, 4, and 5). about 22.200 times the global warming potential of carbon I0014. Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing dioxide. At the December 1997 Kyoto Summit in Japan, quantities or ingredients, measurement of properties and so representatives from 160 countries drafted an agreement con forth used in the specification and embodiments are to be taining limits for greenhouse gas emissions. The agreement understood as being modified in all instances by the term covers six gases, including SF and included a commitment about. Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the to lower the total emissions of these gases by the year 2010 to numerical parameters set forth in the foregoing specification levels 5.2% below their total emissions in 1990. See UNEP and attached listing of embodiments can vary depending upon (United Nations Environment Programme), Kyoto Protocol the desired properties sought to be obtained by those skilled in to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate the art utilizing the teachings of the present disclosure. At the Change, Nairobi, Kenya, 1997. Very least, and not as an attempt to limit the application of the 0006 Certain perfluorinated nitriles CFCN, CFCN and doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claimed embodi CFCFCFCN have been disclosed for use as gaseous ments, each numerical parameter should at least be construed dielectric materials in U.S. Pat. No. 3,048,648 (the 648 in light of the number of reported significant digits and by patent). However, the toxicity of these nitriles is higher than applying ordinary rounding techniques. would be considered acceptable for use as a gaseous dielectric 0015. As used herein, the term “dielectric fluid' is inclu material. In addition, the 648 patent describes the nitriles as sive of both liquid dielectrics and gaseous dielectrics. The "more particularly a member of the group of perfluoro-n- physical state of the fluid, gaseous or liquid, is determined at alkylnitriles”. Efforts have been made to reduce the toxicity the operating conditions of temperature and pressure of the of CFCFCFCN with the addition of nitrite esters (see U.S. electrical device in which it is used. Pat. No. 4,547.316). 10016. As used herein, "perfluorinated” or the prefix “per 0007. The National Institute of Standards and Technology fluoro” means an organic group wherein all or substantially (NIST) has published Technical Note 1425: “Gases for elec all of the carbon bonded hydrogen atoms are replaced with trical Insulation and Arc Interruption: Possible Present and fluorine atoms, e.g. perfluoroalkyl and the like. Future Alternatives to PureSF, which identifies, as possible I0017. In electrical devices such as capacitors, dielectric replacements, mixtures of SF with either nitrogen or helium, liquids are often used in place of air due to their low dielectric US 2015/0O83979 A1 Mar. 26, 2015 constant (K) and high dielectric strength (DS). Some capaci 0021. In this equation C., is the radiative forcing per unit tors of this type comprise alternate layers of metal foil con mass increase of a compound in the atmosphere (the change ductors and solid dielectric sheets of paper or polymer film. in the flux of radiation through the atmosphere due to the IR Other capacitors are constructed by wrapping the metal foil absorbance of that compound), C is the atmospheric concen conductor(s) and dielectric film(s) concentrically around a tration of a compound, T is the atmospheric lifetime of a central core. This latter type of capacitor is referred to as a compound, t is time, and T is the compound of interest. “film-wound capacitor. Dielectric liquids are often used to 0022. The commonly accepted ITH is 100 years represent impregnate dielectric films due to their low dielectric constant ing a compromise between short-term effects (20 years) and and high dielectric strength. Such dielectric liquids allow longer-term effects (500 years or longer). The concentration more energy to be stored within the capacitor (higher capaci of an organic compound, i, in the atmosphere is assumed to tance) as compared to air- or other gas-filled electrical follow pseudo first order kinetics (i.e., exponential decay). devices. The concentration of CO over that same time interval incor 0018. The present disclosure, in illustrative embodiments, porates a more complex model for the exchange and removal is directed to using heptafluoroisobutyronitrile, (CF3) of CO, from the atmosphere (the Bern carbon cycle model). 2CFCN, or 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(trifluoromethoxy) pro 0023. As a result of degradation in the lower atmosphere, panenitrile, CF3CF(OCF3)CN, as a dielectric fluid. In some heptafluoroisobutyronitrile and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(trif embodiments, the heptafluoroisobutyronitrile or the 2,3,3,3- luoromethoxy) propanenitrile have shorter lifetimes and tetrafluoro-2-(trifluoromethoxy) propanenitrile are in the gas would contribute less to global warming, as compared to SF. phase, liquid phase, or a combination thereof at the operating The lower GWP of heptafluoroisobutyronitrile and 2,3,3,3- conditions of a device in which they are contained. The tetrafluoro-2-(trifluoromethoxy) propanenitrile in addition to dielectric fluids of the present disclosure may be useful in a the dielectric performance characteristics as well as their number of applications that use dielectric fluids.
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