Defining Moments the internet revolution

Kevin Hillstrom

615 Griswold, Detroit MI 48226

Table of Contents

Preface ...... vii How to Use This Book ...... xi Important People, Places, and Terms ...... xiii Chronology ...... xxi

NARRATIVE OVERVIEW Prologue ...... 3 Chapter One: Early Origins of the Internet ...... 5 Chapter Two: Invention of the World Wide Web ...... 23 Chapter Three: How the Internet Works ...... 33 Chapter Four: Opening the Internet for Commerce ...... 45 Chapter Five: The “Dot.Com Boom” Goes Bust ...... 57 Chapter Six: The Societal Impact of the Internet ...... 67 Chapter Seven: The Future of the Internet ...... 89

BIOGRAPHIES Marc Andreessen ...... 103 Creator of the Netscape Navigator Web Browser Tim Berners-Lee ...... 107 Inventor of the World Wide Web Sergey Brin and Larry Page ...... 112 Co-Founders of Google

v

Defining Moments: The Internet Revolution

Steve Case ...... 115 Co-Founder of America Online (AOL) Vinton Cerf ...... 120 Developer of Early Internet Architecture David Filo and Jerry Yang ...... 124 Co-Founders of the Yahoo! Search Engine Robert Taylor ...... 129 Leading Scientist in the Development of the ARPANET

PRIMARY SOURCES Vinton Cerf Recalls the Early Development of the Internet ...... 135 Steve Crocker Launches the “Request for Comments” Series ...... 144 A Computer Scientist Describes the Internet Worm of 1988 ...... 152 The First World Wide Web Page with Hypertext Links ...... 164 Tim Berners-Lee Remembers Inventing the World Wide Web ...... 166 A Librarian Shares the Joy of “Surfing” the Internet ...... 170 John Perry Barlow’s “Declaration of Independence for Cyberspace” ...... 174 Bill Gates Discusses the Internet’s Potential Impact on Education ...... 177 A Newspaper Columnist Laments the Dangers of the Internet ...... 185

Sources for Further Study ...... 189 Bibliography ...... 191 Photo Credits ...... 195 Index ...... 197

vi