Our Fuels For sustainable power and heating.

VÄSTERÅS CHP PLANT MÄLARENERGI An infraservice company Mälarenergi’s products and services are at the core of the fundamental functions of society, such as energy-, water- and broadband solutions. We have a wide range of services We build that provide crucial to individuals, organizations, companies and all citizens. the future Mälarenergi is the main provider of electricity, district together heating, water and broadband in the city of Västerås. We also provides services in the Mälardalen region and trade ” electricity to individuals and companies all over Sweden. Mälarenergi was established in 1861.

We make the future together involve not just us, but also contribute For more than 150 years Mälarenergi to our customers sustainability and have contributed to the development of community involvement. society. And we will continue to do so. For us, sustainability means: Mälarenergi began supplying Västerås • Production with respect for the residents with district heating as early environment. as 1954. Today, the district heating grid • Fresh and clean drinking water. covers about 900 kilometres and the • Reliable infraservice without inter- CHP plant (Combined Heat and Power) ruptions. supplies 98 % of the properties in the • Social responsibility. About Mälarenergi city centre with district heating. In addi- To reduce climate impact we take conti- tion the plant also supplies nearby cities. Owner: The municipality of Västerås To meet the demands of the future, we nuous sustainable action by: Turnover: ~300 million Euro develop new infraservice solutions for a • A high degree of district heating in more sustainable society. District hea- Västerås (connects 98 % of all hou- Number of employees: appr. 750 ses in Västerås). ting reduces the negative environmental Head office: Västerås impact which in turn strengthens the • High efficiency through simultaneous customer's environmental profile. In that production of electricity and heat. CEO: Niklas Gunnar way our everyday business activities • Energy recycling using waste as fuel.

BUSINESS IDEA We create the prerequisites for a comfortable life and growth of Mälardalen, by offering people sustainable and secure infraservice all hours of the day.

VISION Everyone thrives and develop in a viable Mälardalen.

City of Västerås Business area Heat and Power

Turnover: ~140,66 million Euro Sales heating: 1 538 GWh Sales cooling: 27 GWh Production electricity: 565 GWh (incl. 180 GWh recovered by hydroelectric and 385 GWh recove- red by HCP)

District heating pipe: 869 km District cooling pipe: 15 km Customers heating: 15 000 Customers cooling: 72

Investments: 25,7 millon Euro Number of employees: 265 Area manager: Magnus Eriksson

BA Heat & Power Renewal of the CHP plant in Västerås. The business area Heat and Power at Mälarenergi produce heat, remote cooling and electricity with cogeneration and hydropower.

Our cogeneration plant from 1963 is the The older boilers 1 to 4 are reaching the which will make our production almost largest in northern Europe and provides end of their technological and economic entirelly based on recycled fules, will district heating to 98 % of the buildings in lifespan and will be replaced in the near secure a reliable supply of electricity and the city of Västerås, as well as to the sur- future. The renewal process started in heat for a long time to come. It enable us rounding communities Hallstahammar, 2014 with the commission of Unit 6 to stop using fossil fuels and in the same Kolbäck, Skultuna, Surahammar, Tillberga (boiler, flue gas treatment, turbine and time create conditions for competitive and Barkarö. Mälarenergi also has a small generator) and a unique facility for fuel district heating prices. district heating plant in Kungsör. preparation. Together they constitute 1 We renewing the hole CHP plant the largest waste to energy facility in Goal – Business area the world. Combined with our latest in- Although we have reduced the emis- Heat & Power vestment, the new Unit 7, which is under sions of fossil carbon dioxide by 50 % in Year 2020 we have ceased construction right now and scheduled the last 15 years, we still strive onwards. using fossil fuels and only use to be completed in 2020, the two units Right now we renewing the hole produc- renewable and recycled fuels in the will cover about 86 % of the total heat tion capacity. Our goal is to completely production of heat and electricity. production in Västerås. The investment, stop our use of fossil fuels. Skultuna Surahammar

Tillberga

Hallstahammar Västerås

Kolbäck Barkarö

15Fjärrvärmeledning 000 customers connected by 900 kilometres of district heating pipes. Our grid Västerås CHP plant provide district heating to 98 % of the houses in Västerås as well as the surrounding communities of Hallsta- hammar, Kolbäck, Skultuna, Surahammar, Tillberga and Barkarö.

Through continuous work with quality, investments in the CHP plant and district heating grid, and with professional operation and maintenance, we An intricate secure the delivery for our customers. A reliable supply of heat and power web of district enables the customer to focus on their own core business. heating pipes connects 98 % of all houses in Västerås. The fuel factory and Unit 6 The largest waste to energy facility in the world.

The first stage in the renewal of the CHP plant in Västerås was the commission of a new fuel factory and production unit, Unit 6. A flexible facility offering numerous options.

A renewal process started in 2014 with to be adapted to ensure fuel supply to the around 6 days. The annual production the commision of Unit 6 (boiler, flue gas boiler. When the waste reaches the fuel capacity of RDF is a remarkable 450 000 treatment, turbine and generator) and a preparation unit it's crushed into small tons. This equals the amount of waste unique facility for fuel preperation – fragments so that the unsolicited materi- annually created by one million people. In a fuel factory. Today Unit 6 is the main al, such as metal, glass and stone, can be addition to the fuel preparation facility, a production unit and covers alone about separated out. The fuel is then mixed and storage facility for baled imported fuel is 50 % of the heating production capacity. stored in an RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel) used as a buffer. This storage facility can The boiler uses about 60 tonnes of fuel bunker before being transported to the accommodate around 7 shiploads of ba- per hour, which is equivalent to around boiler for inceneration. When the bunkers led fuel. All the fuel is received, processed three full truckloads. The reception, are full, they contain enough fuel to keep and stored indoors to minimise spreading preparation and storage processes need the boiler operating at full capacity for of odour and litter.

Facts about Unit 6 Construction year: 2014 Capacity (effect) of 50 MW electricity and 130 MW heat. Annual production 900 GWh heat and 320 MWh electricity. Reduces fossil carbon dioxide emis- sions by about 300 000 tones/year. Boiler temperature >850 degrees C. Advances technology for flue gas treatment.

The fuel factory Construction year: 2014 Capacity of 450 000 tons SRF/RDF Waste receiving bunker and ready fuel bunker have a storage capacity of 15 000 cubic meter each. Three waste processing lines for fuel preparation including process infeed hopper, shredder and steps to sort out fine and heavy fraction, metal and other rough materials. Renewal - stage 2 Production capacity without fossil fuels. If the first stage was Unit 6, the second step are the completion of Unit 7 – renewal stage 2. Unit 7 enables Mälarenergi to phase out the older units 1 to 4 and altogether stop using fossil fuels. As well as create the right conditions for future competitive district heating prices.

Unit 7 (boiler, gas treatment unit, Unit 7 will recover energy from approx- wood will come from building construc- turbine and generator) will have a CFB imately 200 000 tons recycled waste tion such as molding, or from demolition boiler (Circulating fluidized bed) similar to wood per year. Waste wood materials left of old buildings. Up to 10 % of the fuel may Unit 6. It's a preferred technology due to by households or individuals for recycling. be impregnated wood classified as hazar- boiler flexibility, high steam capacity and And industry waste, such as pallets and dous waste. All of the recycled wood will good environmental data. used packaging materials. Parts of the be crushed or chipped before combustion.

Here is the new unit built

Fuel preparataion and storage

Boiler

Gas treatment unit

Facts about Unit 7 Turbine and generator Boiler capacity 150 MWth High efficiency (> 90 %) with ability to flue-gas humidification and condensation. Steam turbine and generator with capacity up to 55 MW. Similar to Unit 6. Flue gas cleaning – combined wet and dry flue gas cleaning with subsequent flue- gas condensation. In the dry step, use of hydrated lime (CaCO3) together with active carbon. Condensate purification by means of Commissioning membrane technology (reverse osmosis). Final adjustments, tests on completion and per- formance tests during 2019. Mälarenergi puts 2020 Unit 7 into ordinary production in February 2020. Production in 2020 When the older units 1 to 4 are phased out 745 MW heat and 300 MW electric capacity will be lost. Unit 6 and 7 add about 120 MW heat and 50 MW electric capacity each. The renewed CHP plant will thus be a considerably smaller facility in 2020.

B C A E D

F

Illustration of the CHP plant in Västerås

A Unit 1 and 2 C Unit 4 E Unit 6 The heat and power plant’s oldest production In service since 1973 and is now taken out of Built and in operation from 2014. It contains a units were built 1963. They were converted from operation. Originally built to be fired by oil but boiler, turbine and generator and gas treatment being fired by oil to coal in 1981, and later to tall 1986 converted for coal firing and in 1998 for unit. Unit 6 is fired with Refuse Derived Fuel oil pitch. Boiler 1 can also be fired with peat. The the use of tall oil pitch. Since 2002 the boiler (RDF) – Waste-to-energy, prepared in the fuel plan is to phase them out when Unit 7 is being could also be fired with wood pellets or peat. factory. commissioned. F Fuel preparation facility B Unit 3 D Boiler 5 The heat and power plant is supplemented by a In operation from 1969 and is a combined heat, In operation from year 2000 fired by biofuel. fuel preparation facility – a fuel factory which power and condensing plant. It is fired with oil The Unit 4 turbine was adapted in 2017 to be can receive, prepare and store RDF. and is only used as a reserve unit. powerd with steam from boiler 5.

In 2020, the runtime of Unit 7 will account for about 36 % of the heating production capacity and Unit 6 for about 50 %. The two blocks will together cover about 86 % of the total heat production, almost entirely based on recycled fuels. Boiler 5 will contribute with a small but important part to cover Production close to 100 % of the total heat demand. The old units 1 to 4 are phased out. Oil (bio-oil) remain for backup purposes and peak 2020 heating load in extreme situations. Unit 7 Unit 6 Unit 5 Peak heat load capacity

Overall production after year 2020. When we started to use waste as fuel in 2014, the fossil carbon dioxide emissions per person in Västerås were reduced by half. It's by far the biggest contribution to decrease emissions in Västerås in recent years.

100% 45% 15% 0%

1999 2000 2014 2020

Coal & Year 2000 biofuels came 2014 when Unit 6 was built 2020 we will have reached into the mix when Boiler 5 was the fossilfuel based production our most ambitious environ- Oil built. Sustainable production was further reduced. The mental and climate goal ever. based on renewable fuel carbon dioxide emissions per By then we will only use Until and during the 90s, replaced a major part of the person in Västerås more than renewable and recycled fuels production was entirely based previously coal and oil based halved 2014. in our production. on fossil fuels like coal and oil. production. Every year about 75 ships carrying baled waste tie up in the port of Västerås. Each vessel carrying about 2 500 bales and the total tonnage sums up to 215 000 a year. The fuel factrory produces RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel) from waste annually created by about one million people. Bye, bye coal and oil From the beginning the choice of fuel has guided the development. Over the years the CHP plant has been expanded and rebuilt at various times to adapt to different fuels.

Initially, the boilers were fired with oil, millennium, the development was even fuel at the CHP plant. With Unit 7 in but with the oil-crises in 1973 and 1979, more redirected from coal to renewable place from 2020 the amount of recycled the expensive oil had to be replaced fuels, such as waste wood and wood waste wood will increase with about by other fuel and coal was entered the chips. And with the new fuel preparation 250 000 tones a year. And then, after fuelmix. The boilers later were rebuilt in facility and Unit 6 in place 2014 20 years of adaptation and renewals order to use other fuels such as peat and Mälarenergi were able to produce and at the CHP plant, fossil fuels will truly pine pitch oil. Later, entering the new use RDF and waste became the main become history at the plant in Västerås.

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

1963 Oil – Unit 1 & 2 1981 Coal – Unit 1 & 2 2000 Biofuel – Boiler 5 Wood chips and Recycled Waste Wood 2014 Refuse Derived Fuel 1969 Oil – Unit 3 Unit 6 (Waste-to-energy) (reserve, not in regular operation)

1974 Oil – Unit 4 2020 Recycled Waste Wood - (No longer in use) Unit 7 Several different fuels have been used in Unit 4: With Unit 7 the plant will only use coal, wood pellets, peat and pine pitch oil (bio-oil). renewable and recycled fuels. Comprehensive logistics and handling of fuel

Altogether, approximatley 800 000 tones of fuel (waste and biofules) is received at Västerås CHP plant every year. Of which about 70 % arrives by road and the rest by sea.

Large quantities of fuel are delivered to Västerås every day and the handling of fuel has always been a logistical challenge. The proximity of the port has played a significant role in terms of allowing Mälarenergi to be flexible in our choice of fuel and suppliers.

A district heating plant must be located Nowadays the fuel preparation facility at of recycled waste wood will increase and close to the city to which it is going to the Västerås CHP Plant serves as a his- we are now planning and prepararing for supply heating. It was known already toric development. Mälarenergi imports increased sea transport volumes. So the in the late 1950s, when the Västerås around 50 % of the waste converted into proximity to the port keeps on playing a combined heat and power plant was being RDF. This means that the plant is adapted significant role in terms of allowing us to be planned, that it would be necessary to to and dependent on receiveing fuel by flexible in our choice of fuel and suppliers. import fuels. Mainly oil at the time. sea. With Unit 7 in operation the volumes This applies now as well as in the 1950s.

Data system for monitoring fuel quantity and quality All transports pass a weighing system collec- ting data for fuel management and sampling. During fuel deliveries random samples are taken from various places in the load in order to obtain a representative result. We take samples to get information about the content of the load but also to be able to gather statistics of what we use in the boiler over a period of time. In the forefront of the work are environmental and work environment issues, operating availability at the plant and costs along the logistical flow. Fuel sampling Cooperation on quality assurance.

We place high requirements on the companies and individuals who deliver fuel to us. Quality checks are based on a fuel specification which Mälarenergi and the supplier have agreed upon. It's essential to us to carefully monitor and verify the quality and quantity in order to comply with limit values and prudential requirements from regulatory authori- ties as well as the Act on Emissions Trading. We use different control levels. Initial weighing and visual inspection, as well as increased control with sampling and picking by hand where waste is examined against agreements and specification. As part of our work, we also regularly visit production plants where we scrutinise procedures, storage sites and incoming raw materials. This in order to, together with suppliers, obtain a quality assured fuel. The entire quality control system is based on close and regular cooperation with our suppliers.

Waste fuel control relation to content is also possible from weighing the material Each boat carries large volumes of waste fuel, about 2 500 sorted in our fuel preparation lines (fine and heavy fraction, bales. The handling is thus an important issue, especially since metal and other rough materials). Sampling of processed damaged bales can cause spreading of odour during unloading. ready-made fuel as SRF/RDF is done three times a day. All other handling is done indoors. A shipload is quality The purpose of the sampling is to control quality/quantity, controlled by bales being randomly loaded onto a "walking moisture content, control of guarantee points against the requi- floor", opened and analyzed by hand before being sent into rements from the boiler supplier and the general performance the arrival bunker. The purpose is to get an idea of the ship's of the preparation lines. Control of ash and bed sand takes content to know what is being put in stock. Quantity control in place to meet environmental values and legal requirements. The waste hierarchy In order for it to work - everyone needs to act accordingly.

By sorting, recycling and reuse we save enormous resources, energy and money. Material should be recycled as far as possible. To the CHP Plant we only want waste that is ”pure junk”, material that no ...? longer has any place in our society. All EU countries shall handle waste based on a shared principle known as the waste hierarchy and it´s important that we all act accordingly. And because that principle of handling waste is important to us at Mälarenergi, we are working hard to control the waste we import. It´s included in all our work at Mälarenergi and we demand of our suppliers that they act the same way. Only when something can no longer be reused or recycled it will be handled by us.

Reduceeduce R In Sweden only 0.8% of household waste Reuseeuse R ends up in landfills. Waste – a valuable by-product Recyclecle ecy R Waste is generated wherever there is human life. Swedes are good at recycling and reusing waste. In fact, we are so good at managing waste that we even import it. Sweden is at the forefront of energy recovery thanks Recoverenergy energyr ve eco R to efficient and advanced district heating systems fuelled by waste. When we import waste and process it in our cogeneration plant to generate energy we help to lessen the negative environmental impact in other European countries. Landfill Landfill We have every reason to be proud of the way that waste is processed and recycled in Sweden. Only a very small share of our waste ends up in landfills. The aim is that as little as possible should be sent to landfill and that we should continue to focus on responsible consumption and reducing the amount of waste that we generate.

Reduce First we need to reduce the amount of waste genera- 1 ted. Unfortunately, the amount of waste in our society does not decrease, on the contrary it increase. Recover energy When reuse and recycle of gods and material is no Reuse 4 longer possible, energy should be recovered from the waste. By it being processed in the cogeneration Involves looking at a product’s whole life to find plant’s Unit 6 to generate heat and electricity. 2 benefits of it being used and reused in order to reduce environmental impacts. Landfill Recycle Ash and whatever is left after passing our fuel factory, Is about finding out how different materials, in a easy 5 that can not be used in any other way, is sent to land- 3 way, can be made use of again. fill – the final step in the waste hierarchy. Mälarenergi’s products and services are the core of several fundamental functions in the society, such as energy-, water- and broadband solutions. We have a wide range of services that provide benefits to individuals, organizations, companies and the general public.

Mälarenergi AB Customer Centre: +46 (0)21-39 50 50 [email protected] malarenergi.se