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Pocketguide-History.Pdf History 1 Pocket Guide 2014-15 PAGES (22 Nov 2015).indd 1 2015/11/22 10:23 PM Pocket Guide to South Africa 2014/15 SOUTH AFRICA’SHISTORY PEOPLE 0RGHUQ KXPDQV KDYH OLYHG DW WKH VRXWKHUQ WLS RI $IULFD IRUPRUHWKDQ\HDUVDQGWKHLUDQFHVWRUVIRUVRPH PLOOLRQ\HDUV 6RPH \HDUV DJR WKH .KRHNKRHQ WKH +RWWHQWRWV RIHDUO\(XURSHDQWHUPLQRORJ\ ZHUHSDVWRUDOLVWVZKRKDG VHWWOHGPRVWO\DORQJWKHFRDVWZKLOHWKH6DQ WKH%XVKPHQ ZHUHKXQWHUJDWKHUHUVVSUHDGDFURVVWKHUHJLRQ$WWKLVWLPH %DQWXVSHDNLQJDJURSDVWRUDOLVWVEHJDQDUULYLQJLQVRXWKHUQ $IULFDVSUHDGLQJIURPWKHHDVWHUQORZODQGVWRWKH+LJKYHOG $W VHYHUDO DUFKDHRORJLFDO VLWHV WKHUH LV HYLGHQFH RI sophisticated political and material cultures. European contact 7KH ÀUVW (XURSHDQ VHWWOHPHQW LQ VRXWKHUQ $IULFD ZDV HVWDEOLVKHGE\WKH'XWFK(DVW,QGLD&RPSDQ\LQ7DEOH%D\ &DSH7RZQ LQ&UHDWHGWRVXSSO\SDVVLQJVKLSVZLWK IUHVK SURGXFH WKH FRORQ\ JUHZ UDSLGO\ DV 'XWFK IDUPHUV settled to grow crops. Shortly after the establishment of the FRORQ\VODYHVZHUHLPSRUWHGIURP(DVW$IULFD0DGDJDVFDU DQGWKH(DVW,QGLHV 7KH ÀUVW %ULWLVK 6HWWOHUV NQRZQ DV WKH 6HWWOHUV DUULYHGLQ$OJRD%D\ QRZ1HOVRQ0DQGHOD%D\ RQERDUG VKLSVWKHÀUVWEHLQJWKH&KDSPDQ7KH\QXPEHUHGDERXW DQGLQFOXGHGDUWLVDQVWUDGHVPHQUHOLJLRXVOHDGHUV PHUFKDQWVWHDFKHUVERRNELQGHUVEODFNVPLWKVGLVFKDUJHG VDLORUVDQGVROGLHUVSURIHVVLRQDOPHQDQGIDUPHUV %QPƀKEV )URPWKHVFRORQLVWVFDPHLQWRFRQWDFWDQGLQHYLWDEOH FRQÁLFWZLWK%DQWXVSHDNLQJFKLHIGRPVVRPHNPHDVWRI &DSH7RZQ$FHQWXU\RILQWHUPLWWHQWZDUIDUHHQVXHGGXULQJ ZKLFKWKHFRORQLVWVJDLQHGDVFHQGDQF\RYHUWKHLVL;KRVD speaking chiefdoms. ,QWKH%ULWLVKRFFXSLHGWKH&DSHDVDVWUDWHJLFEDVH DJDLQVWWKH)UHQFKFRQWUROOLQJWKHVHDURXWHWRWKH(DVW ,QWKHVWKHFHOHEUDWHG=XOXOHDGHU6KDNDHVWDE OLVKHGVZD\RYHUDYDVWDUHDRIVRXWKHDVW$IULFD$VVSOLQWHU =XOXJURXSVFRQTXHUHGDQGDEVRUEHGFRPPXQLWLHVLQWKHLU SDWK WKH UHJLRQ H[SHULHQFHG D IXQGDPHQWDO GLVUXSWLRQ 6XEVWDQWLDO VWDWHV VXFK DV 0RVKRHVKRH·V /HVRWKR DQG RWKHU6RWKR7VZDQDFKLHIGRPVZHUHHVWDEOLVKHG This temporary disruption of life on the Highveld served WRIDFLOLWDWHWKHH[SDQVLRQQRUWKZDUGVRIWKHRULJLQDO'XWFK VHWWOHUV· GHVFHQGDQWV WKH %RHU 9RRUWUHNNHUV IURP WKH V 22 Pocket Guide 2014-15 PAGES (22 Nov 2015).indd 2 2015/11/22 10:23 PM Occupation ,Q %ULWDLQ UHRFFXSLHG WKH &DSH $V WKH FRORQ\ SURVSHUHG WKH SROLWLFDO ULJKWV RI WKH YDULRXV UDFHV ZHUH JXDUDQWHHGZLWKVODYHU\EHLQJDEROLVKHGLQ 7KURXJKRXW WKH V WKH ERXQGDULHV RI (XURSHDQ LQÁXHQFHVSUHDGHDVWZDUGV)URPWKHSRUWRI'XUEDQ1DWDO VHWWOHUVSXVKHGQRUWKZDUGVIXUWKHUDQGIXUWKHULQWRWKHODQG RIWKH=XOX)URPWKHPLGVWKH9RRUWUHNNHUVFRDOHVFHG LQWZRODQGORFNHGZKLWHUXOHGUHSXEOLFVWKH6RXWK$IULFDQ Republic (Transvaal) and the Orange Free State. 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