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Pocket Guide 2014-15 PAGES (22 Nov 2015).indd 1 2015/11/22 10:23 PM Pocket Guide to 2014/15 SOUTH AFRICA’SHISTORY PEOPLE

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Pocket Guide 2014-15 PAGES (22 Nov 2015).indd 2 2015/11/22 10:23 PM Occupation ,Q  %ULWDLQ UHRFFXSLHG WKH &DSH $V WKH FRORQ\ SURVSHUHG WKH SROLWLFDO ULJKWV RI WKH YDULRXV UDFHV ZHUH JXDUDQWHHGZLWKVODYHU\EHLQJDEROLVKHGLQ 7KURXJKRXW WKH V WKH ERXQGDULHV RI (XURSHDQ LQÁXHQFHVSUHDGHDVWZDUGV)URPWKHSRUWRI'XUEDQ1DWDO VHWWOHUVSXVKHGQRUWKZDUGVIXUWKHUDQGIXUWKHULQWRWKHODQG RIWKH=XOX)URPWKHPLGVWKH9RRUWUHNNHUVFRDOHVFHG LQWZRODQGORFNHGZKLWHUXOHGUHSXEOLFVWKH6RXWK$IULFDQ Republic (Transvaal) and the . The 6RXWK$IULFD·VGLDPRQGPLQLQJLQGXVWU\GDWHVEDFNWR ZKHQGLDPRQGVZHUHGLVFRYHUHGQHDU.LPEHUOH\LQZKDWLV WRGD\NQRZQDVWKH1RUWKHUQ&DSH7KH.LPEHUOH\GLDPRQG ÀHOGV DQG ODWHU GLVFRYHULHV LQ *DXWHQJ WKH )UHH 6WDWH DQGDORQJWKH$WODQWLFFRDVWHPHUJHGDVPDMRUVRXUFHVRI JHPTXDOLW\ GLDPRQGV VHFXULQJ 6RXWK$IULFD·V SRVLWLRQ DV WKHZRUOG·VOHDGLQJSURGXFHULQWKHPLGWZHQWLHWKFHQWXU\ Gold 7KHGLVFRYHU\RIWKH:LWZDWHUVUDQGJROGÀHOGVLQZDV D WXUQLQJ SRLQW LQ 6RXWK $IULFD·V KLVWRU\ 7KH GHPDQG IRU IUDQFKLVHULJKWVIRU(QJOLVKVSHDNLQJLPPLJUDQWVZRUNLQJRQ WKHQHZJROGÀHOGVZDVWKHSUHWH[W%ULWDLQXVHGWRJRWRZDU ZLWKWKH7UDQVYDDODQG2UDQJH)UHH6WDWHLQ 7KH $QJOR%RHU6RXWK $IULFDQ :DU ZDV WKH EORRGLHVW ORQJHVWDQGPRVWH[SHQVLYHZDU%ULWDLQHQJDJHGLQEHWZHHQ DQG,WFRVWPRUHWKDQPLOOLRQSRXQGVDQG PRUHWKDQPHQZHUHORVWWR%ULWDLQ7KH%RHUVORVW RYHU   SHRSOH DQG PRUH WKDQ   EODFN 6RXWK $IULFDQVZHUHNLOOHG Union and opposition ,Q  WKH 8QLRQ RI 6RXWK $IULFD ZDV FUHDWHG RXW RI WKH &DSH 1DWDO 7UDQVYDDO DQG )UHH 6WDWH ,W ZDV WR EH HVVHQWLDOO\DZKLWHXQLRQ%ODFNRSSRVLWLRQZDVLQHYLWDEOH DQG WKH$IULFDQ 1DWLRQDO &RQJUHVV $1&  ZDV IRXQGHG LQ WRSURWHVWWKHH[FOXVLRQRIEODFNSHRSOHIURPSRZHU,Q WKH6RXWK$IULFDQ&RPPXQLVW3DUW\ZDVHVWDEOLVKHG at a time of heightened militancy. More discriminatory OHJLVODWLRQZDVHQDFWHG0HDQZKLOH$IULNDQHUQDWLRQDOLVP IXHOOHG E\ MRE ORVVHV DULVLQJ IURP D ZRUOGZLGH UHFHVVLRQ was on the march.

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Pocket Guide 2014-15 PAGES (22 Nov 2015).indd 3 2015/11/22 10:23 PM Pocket Guide to South Africa 2014/15 SOUTH AFRICA’SHISTORY PEOPLE

The rise of ,Q  WKH SUR$IULNDQHU 1DWLRQDO 3DUW\ 13  FDPH WR SRZHUZLWKWKHLGHRORJ\RIDSDUWKHLGDQHYHQPRUHULJRURXV and authoritarian approach than the previous segregationist SROLFLHV:KLOHZKLWH6RXWK$IULFDZDVFHPHQWLQJLWVSRZHU EODFNRSSRVLWLRQSROLWLFVZHUHHYROYLQJ,QD\RXQJHU more determined political grouping came to the fore with the ODXQFKRIWKH$1&

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Pocket Guide 2014-15 PAGES (22 Nov 2015).indd 4 2015/11/22 10:23 PM Struggle days Leaders of the black political organisations at this time either ZHQW LQWR H[LOH RU ZHUH DUUHVWHG ,Q WKLV FOLPDWH WKH$1& DQG 3$& DEDQGRQHG WKHLU ORQJVWDQGLQJ FRPPLWPHQW WR QRQYLROHQWUHVLVWDQFHDQGWXUQHGWRDUPHGVWUXJJOH 7RSOHDGHUVVWLOOLQVLGHWKHFRXQWU\LQFOXGLQJPHPEHUVRI WKH$1&·VPLOLWDU\ZLQJ8PNKRQWRZH6L]ZH 6SHDURIWKH 1DWLRQ ZHUHDUUHVWHGLQ $WWKH5LYRQLD7ULDOHLJKW$1&OHDGHUVLQFOXGLQJ1HOVRQ 0DQGHOD FRQYLFWHG RI VDERWDJH LQVWHDG RI WUHDVRQ WKH RULJLQDOFKDUJH ZHUHVHQWHQFHGWROLIHLPSULVRQPHQW 7KHUHVXUJHQFHRIUHVLVWDQFHSROLWLFVLQWKHHDUO\V ZDV GUDPDWLF -XQH  PDUNHG WKH EHJLQQLQJ RI D VXVWDLQHG DQWLDSDUWKHLG UHYROW 6FKRRO SXSLOV LQ 6RZHWR URVH XS DJDLQVW DSDUWKHLG HGXFDWLRQ IROORZHG E\ \RXWK uprisings throughout the country. 6WURQJOHJDOYHKLFOHVIRUWKHGHPRFUDWLFIRUFHVWHVWHGWKH 6WDWHZKRVHUHVSRQVHXQWLOWKHQKDGEHHQLQYDULDEO\KHDY\ handed repression. Reform 6KDNHQ E\ WKH VFDOH RI SURWHVW DQG RSSRVLWLRQ WKH government embarked on a series of limited reforms in the HDUO\V ,Q  WKH &RQVWLWXWLRQ ZDV UHIRUPHG WR DOORZ WKH coloured and Indian minorities limited participation in separate and subordinate houses of parliament. ,QWKHSDVVODZVZHUHVFUDSSHG7KHLQWHUQDWLRQDO FRPPXQLW\ VWUHQJWKHQHG LWV VXSSRUW IRU WKH DQWLDSDUWKHLG cause. Mass resistance increasingly challenged the apartheid 6WDWHZKLFKUHVRUWHGWRLQWHQVLÀHGUHSUHVVLRQDFFRPSDQLHG by eventual recognition that apartheid could not be sustained. Apartheid’s last days $IULNDQHU pOLWH RSHQO\ VWDUWHG WR SURQRXQFH LQ IDYRXU RI D PRUH LQFOXVLYH VRFLHW\ ZLWK D QXPEHU RI EXVLQHVVSHRSOH students and academic leaders meeting publicly and pri YDWHO\ZLWKWKH$1&LQH[LOH Petty apartheid laws and symbols were openly challenged and eventually removed. 7RJHWKHUZLWKDVOLGLQJHFRQRP\LQFUHDVLQJLQWHUQDOGLV VHQWDQGLQWHUQDWLRQDOSUHVVXUHWKHVHGHYHORSPHQWVLQHYL tably led to historic changes and the fall of apartheid.

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Pocket Guide 2014-15 PAGES (22 Nov 2015).indd 5 2015/11/22 10:23 PM Pocket Guide to South Africa 2014/15 SOUTH AFRICA’SHISTORY PEOPLE

Democracy at last 6RXWK$IULFDKHOGLWVÀUVWGHPRFUDWLFHOHFWLRQLQ$SULO XQGHUDQLQWHULP&RQVWLWXWLRQ7KH$1&HPHUJHGZLWKD PDMRULW\6RXWK$IULFDZDVGLYLGHGLQWRQLQHQHZSURYLQFHVWR UHSODFHWKHIRXUH[LVWLQJSURYLQFHVDQGEODFNKRPHODQGV ,Q WHUPV RI WKH LQWHULP &RQVWLWXWLRQ WKH 13 DQG ,QNDWKD Freedom Party participated in a government of national unity XQGHU3UHVLGHQW0DQGHOD6RXWK$IULFD·VÀUVWGHPRFUDWLFDOO\ elected president. 7KH VHFRQG GHPRFUDWLF HOHFWLRQ LQ  VDZ WKH$1& LQFUHDVLQJLWVPDMRULW\WRDSRLQWMXVWVKRUWRIWZRWKLUGVRI the total vote. ,QWKH$SULOHOHFWLRQWKH$1&ZRQWKHQDWLRQDOYRWH ZLWK  DQG WKH FHOHEUDWLRQ RI 

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Pocket Guide 2014-15 PAGES (22 Nov 2015).indd 6 2015/11/22 10:23 PM better quality of life for all, the National Planning Commission in The Presidency finalised the draft National Development Plan: Vision for 2030. The plan is a step towards charting a new path for South Africa in dealing with the triple challenge of poverty, unemployment and inequality. On 8 January 2012, Africa’s oldest liberation movement, the ANC, celebrated 100 years of existence. This was a historic achievement, not only for the movement, but also for South Africa and the continent. In May 2012, the Square Array Kilometre (SKA) Organi- sation announced that the SKA Project would be shared between South Africa and Australia, with a majority share coming to South Africa. The full dish array and the dense aperture array will be built in Africa. In November 2012, South Africa was elected by the members of the UN General Assembly to the UN’s 47-member Economic and Social Council. In December 2012, President Zuma was re-elected as the president of the ANC during the ruling party’s congress in Mangaung,Free State with elected as the party’s deputy president. In July 2013, Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka, was appointed executive director of the UN Women Entity for Gender Equality and Empowerment of Women, and Geraldine Fraser-Moleketi, was appointed director in the UN Development Programme’s Bureau for Development Policy. On 5 December 2013, South Africa’s first democratically elected President and anti-apartheid icon Nelson Mandela died at the age of 95. Mr Mandela led South Africa’s transi- tion from white-minority rule in the 1990s, after 27 years in prison for his political activities. He had been receiving intensive medical care at home for a lung infection after spending three months in hospital. His body lay in state at the Union Buildings from 11 to 13 December. He was buried in his home town of Qunu in the on 15 December 2013. South Africa celebrated 20 Years of Freedom in 2014, which was a historic milestone for the country. The Twenty Year Review, which was released in 2013, and the National Planning Commission’s 2011 Diagnostic Report, highlight that poverty, inequality and unemployment continue to nega- tively affect the lives of many people. Despite progress in reducing rural poverty and increas- ing access to basic services in rural areas over the past 20

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Pocket Guide 2014-15 PAGES (30 Nov 2015).indd 7 2015/11/30 1:51 PM Pocket Guide to South Africa 2014/15 SOUTH AFRICA’SHISTORY PEOPLE

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Pocket Guide 2014-15 PAGES (22 Nov 2015).indd 9 2015/11/22 10:23 PM Pocket Guide to South Africa 2014/15 SOUTH AFRICA’SHISTORY PEOPLE

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