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Geology and Mineral Resources of the Northern Territory

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Geology and Mineral Resources of the Northern Territory Geology and mineral resources of the Northern Territory Ahmad M and Munson TJ (compilers) Northern Territory Geological Survey Special Publication 5 Chapter 30: Kalkarindji Province BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCE: Glass LM, Ahmad M and Dunster JN, 2013. Chapter 30: Kalkarindji Province: in Ahmad M and Munson TJ (compilers). ‘Geology and mineral resources of the Northern Territory’. Northern Territory Geological Survey, Special Publication 5. Disclaimer While all care has been taken to ensure that information contained in this publication is true and correct at the time of publication, changes in circumstances after the time of publication may impact on the accuracy of its information. The Northern Territory of Australia gives no warranty or assurance, and makes no representation as to the accuracy of any information or advice contained in this publication, or that it is suitable for your intended use. You should not rely upon information in this publication for the purpose of making any serious business or investment decisions without obtaining independent and/or professional advice in relation to your particular situation. The Northern Territory of Australia disclaims any liability or responsibility or duty of care towards any person for loss or damage caused by any use of, or reliance on the information contained in this publication. Kalkarindji Province Current as of October 2010 Chapter 30: KALKARINDJI PROVINCE LM Glass, M Ahmad and JN Dunster INTRODUCTION (Glass et al 2006, Glass and Phillips 2006). Figure 30.1 shows the outcrop distribution and probable original extent During the early Cambrian, a widespread outpouring of of the province in Australia. Since it extends across a vast sub-aerial basaltic lava covered a large area of northern area in excess of 106 km2 (Glass and Phillips 2006) and was Australia, central Western Australia, northwestern South probably emplaced over a very short geological time interval, Australia and possibly areas of South East Asia that have LWLVFODVVL¿HGDVD/DUJH,JQHRXV3URYLQFH /,3 sensu&RI¿Q subsequently been rifted from Australia. Stratigraphically and Eldholm (1992). The name Kalkarindji Volcanic Group equivalent exposures of this volcanic succession have was erected by Kruse in Rawlings et al (2008) to include historically been given different names; these include the some components of the Kalkarindji Province in the NT and Antrim Plateau Volcanics, Nutwood Downs Volcanics, parts of WA, including minor intercalated sedimentary units. Helen Springs Volcanics and Peaker Piker Volcanics in the +RZHYHUWRLQFOXGHDQGEHWWHUGH¿QHDOOFRQVWLWXHQWLJQHRXV Northern Territory, and the Colless Volcanics (Bultitude units, this name is herein formally replaced by Kalkarindji 1976) in Queensland. Coeval basaltic and intrusive rocks Suite (see below). LQWKH2I¿FHU%DVLQLQFHQWUDO:HVWHUQ$XVWUDOLDDQG NTGS airborne magnetic data (Clifton 2008) indicate South Australia include the Table Hill Volcanics (Peers WKDWEDVDOWLFODYDÀRZVLQWKH17DUHH[WHQVLYHO\FRQWLJXRXV 1969, Jackson and van de Graaff, Veevers 2000, Glass under covering strata across the Ord, Bonaparte, Daly, and Phillips 2006) and informally named Boondawari northern Wiso and northern Georgina basins. Figure 30.2a dolerite (MacDonald et al 2005). The Milliwindi Dolerite shows the extent of outcropping Kalkarindji Province rocks (Hanley and Wingate 2000) and the informally named overlain on the First Vertical Derivative aeromagnetic image Mount Ramsay dolerite of the Kimberley region of WA for an area within the Palaeo–Mesoproterozoic Birrindudu (Glass 2002) are also included as a part of this igneous event. and Meso-?late Neoproterozoic Victoria basins of the Based on geochemical and isotopic similarities, Glass (2002) 1 The name Kalkarindji is derived from the place name in WAVE LQFOXGHGDOORIWKHVHFRHYDOPD¿FLJQHRXVXQLWVZLWKLQDQHZ +,//2 (Gazetteer of Australia 2004). province, and named it the Kalkarinji Continental Flood 2 Names of 1:250 000 mapsheets are shown in large capital letters 1 Basalt Province, but later revised the spelling to Kalkarindji HJ:$9(+,// 111° 114° 117° 120° 123° 126° 129° 132° 135° 138° 141° 144° 147° 150° 153° -10° Money Shoal-1 Kalkarindji Suite (outcrop extent) ? -12° Diamond drillhole ? Antrim Plateau Darwin Probable minimum Rifted Volcanics ? original extent of -14° margin Cambrian large igneous event Milliwindi (former) Nutwood Dolerite Downs Volcanics -16° -18° ? -20° Colless Volcanics Boondawari dolerite (under cover) -22° Helen Springs Volcanics ? (former) Peaker Piker Volcanics Table Hill ? ? -24° Volcanics Alice Springs -26° -28° -30° -32° 0 250 500 km -34° A09-202.ai -36° Figure 30.10DSRI$XVWUDOLDVKRZLQJRXWFURSH[WHQWRI.DONDULQGMLPD¿FURFNV JUHHQDUHDV 'DVKHGOLQHVKRZVSRVVLEOHPLQLPXP RULJLQDOH[WHQWRI.DONDULQGML/DUJH,JQHRXV3URYLQFH PRGL¿HGDIWHU*ODVVDQG3KLOOLSV %RRQGDZDULGROHULWHGRHVQRWKDYHVXUIDFH H[SRVXUH6RXWKHUQPDUJLQQRUWKRI$OLFH6SULQJVLVWHQWDWLYHO\ORFDWHGWRLQFOXGHFRHYDOJHRFKHPLFDOO\VLPLODUPD¿FURFNVLQHDVWHUQ $UXQWD5HJLRQ /DZOH\:KHODQet al 2010). Geology and mineral resources of the Northern Territory 30:1 Special publication 5 Kalkarindji Province a 129º30' 130º00' 130º30'131º00' 131º30' 132º00' 17º00' 17º30' 18º00' DARWIN Neave Fault 18º30' NORTHERN TERRITORY ALICE SPRINGS A09-205.ai 0 25 50 km Kalkarindji flood basalt (outcrop extent) Location of Figure 30.2b Northern Territory. The magnetic imagery Figure 30.2b b 129º30' UHYHDOVWKDWRXWFURSSLQJDQGQHDUVXUIDFHEDVDOWÀRZVDUH GH¿QHGE\GLVWLQFWLYHµULSSOHG¶WH[WXUHVWKDWFDQEHHDVLO\ traced under shallow cover. Kruse in Rawlings et al (2008) synonymised the Nutwood Downs Volcanics in HODGSON DOWNS Neave Fault with the more extensive Antrim Plateau Volcanics. Subsurface contiguous volcanic and minor sedimentary rocks to the east of the Tennant Region are extensive beneath the central Georgina Basin. The names Helen Springs Volcanics and Peaker Piker Volcanics have been historically applied to these strata, but these names were synonymised by Kruse in Rawlings et al (2008) as Helen 18º30' Springs Volcanics. Historically, Hardman (1885) and Jensen (1915) provided the earliest descriptions of the Antrim Plateau Volcanics in the East Kimberley and Victoria River regions of northern Australia. Hardman (1885) named hilly dissected country, to the east of the Elvire River in the eastern Kimberley district, as the Great Antrim Plateau. Thirty years later, Jensen (1915) documented and described volcanic rocks in the Victoria River, Edith River and Daly River regions, and suggested they were most likely to be of Carboniferous or Permo-Carboniferous age. David 0 25 km A09-251.ai ¿UVWQDPHGWKHµ$QWULP3ODWHDX%DVDOWV¶EDVHGODUJHO\ on the description of the Great Antrim Plateau of Hardman Figure 30.2. (a) Kalkarindji Suite outcrop extent (green areas) (1885). However, this name was changed by Traves (1955) to overlain on First Vertical Derivative aeromagnetic image (Clifton µ$QWULP3ODWHDX9ROFDQLFV¶WRUHÀHFWWKHKHWHURJHQHLW\RIWKH 2008) for a selected area within Birrindudu and Victoria basins, units. Edwards and Clarke (1941) undertook a petrographic 1RUWKHUQ 7HUULWRU\ VHH LQVHW IRU ORFDWLRQ %DVDOWLF ÀRZV XQGHU FRYHUGLVSOD\DGLVWLQFWLYHµULSSOHG¶SDWWHUQ b) Red boxed area study of basalts in the eastern Kimberley region, where they RI D VKRZLQJH[WHQWRIEDVDOWLFÀRZVXQGHUFRYHU JROGOLQHV described the rocks as ranging from olivine basalt to quartz Green areas indicate Kalkarindji outcrop extent. basalt. They suggested that the eastern Kimberley basalts Geology and mineral resources of the Northern Territory 30:2 Special publication 5 Kalkarindji Province formed a single basaltic province. Traves (1955) described the altered angular to rounded fragments of vesicular and basalts in the Ord–Victoria River region and suggested that amygdaloidal basalt set in an aphanitic, heavily altered isolated suites of Cambrian basalts across northern Australia basaltic matrix), minor basaltic lavas and thin lenses of perhaps belonged to a single period of volcanic activity. A sandstone and siltstone in the southern Victoria River GHFDGHODWHU5DQGDODQG%URZQ H[DPLQHGWKH¿HOG region as the Blackfella Rockhole Member. The volcanic relationships, petrography and chemistry of the Antrim detritus in agglomerate bands is thought to have been Plateau Volcanics as a part of their study of the northern Wiso derived from highly explosive volcanic activity and the Basin. Dunn and Brown (1969) suggested a correlation of presence of thin lenses of sandstone and siltstone within stratigraphically equivalent early Cambrian volcanic rocks agglomerate bands is indicative of pyroclastic deposition in other parts of the Northern Territory and Queensland with under sub-aqueous conditions. Sweet et al (1974b) also the more extensive Antrim Plateau Volcanics. Bultitude (1971, described and formally named glomeroporphyritic (in 1976) subsequently provided a more detailed description of this case, grouping of plagioclase phenocrysts into the stratigraphic succession, chemistry and mineralogy of distinct clusters) and often columnar jointed basalts these volcanic rocks and reinforced the possible correlation of in the same region as the Bingy Bingy Basalt Member. FRHYDOPD¿FXQLWVDFURVVPXFKRIQRUWKHUQ$XVWUDOLD0RU\ The Blackfella Rockhole and Bingy Bingy Basalt and Beere (1988) also provided a detailed description of basalts 0HPEHUVDUHDOVRUHFRJQLVHGLQ',;215$1*(DQG in the Bonaparte and Ord basins and indicated a maximum /,66$'(//LQ:$DQGWKHVHPDSVKHHWVDOVRLQFOXGH WKLFNQHVVIRUWKHEDVDOWLFODYDÀRZVRIDERXWP0RUH the intercalated Mount Close Chert Member. There are recently,
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