Automóveis Chineses Chery No Mercado Brasileiro (2010-2014) – Um Estudo De Caso

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Automóveis Chineses Chery No Mercado Brasileiro (2010-2014) – Um Estudo De Caso UNIVERSIDADE METODISTA DE SÃO PAULO ESCOLA DE GESTÃO E DIREITO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ADMINISTRAÇÃO PPGA EUCLYDES GHEDIN COELHO AUTOMÓVEIS CHINESES CHERY NO MERCADO BRASILEIRO (2010-2014) – UM ESTUDO DE CASO SÃO BERNARDO DO CAMPO – SP 2016 EUCLYDES GHEDIN COELHO AUTOMÓVEIS CHINESES CHERY NO MERCADO BRASILEIRO (2010-2014) – UM ESTUDO DE CASO Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração, Curso de Mestrado, da Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, como requisito parcial para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Administração. Área de Concentração: Gestão de Organizações. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Kleber Markus. SÃO BERNARDO DO CAMPO – SP 2016 2 FICHA CATALOGRÁFICA C65a Coelho, Euclydes Ghedin Automóveis chineses Chery no mercado brasileiro (2010-2014): um estudo de caso / Euclydes Ghedin Coelho. 2016. 160 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Administração) --Escola de Gestão e Direito da Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, São Bernardo do Campo, 2016. Orientação: Kleber Markus. 1. Indústria automobilística 2. Marketing 3. Automóveis estrangeiros - China 4. Automóveis - Vendas 5. Chery (Automóveis) I. Título. CDD 658 3 FOLHA DE APROVAÇÃO A dissertação de mestrado intitulada: “AUTOMÓVEIS CHINESES CHERY NO MERCADO BRASILEIRO (2010-2014): UM ESTUDO DE CASO”, elaborada por Euclydes Ghedin Coelho, foi apresentada e aprovada em 23 de junho de 2016, perante banca examinadora composta por Prof. Dr. Kleber Markus (Presidente/UMESP), Prof. Dr. Márcio Shoiti Kuniyoshi (Titular/UMESP) e Prof. Dr. Otávio Bandeira de Lamônica Freire (Titular/USP). __________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Kleber Markus Orientador e Presidente da Banca Examinadora ________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Almir Martins Vieira Coordenador do Programa de Pós-Graduação Programa: Pós-Graduação em Administração. Área de Concentração: Gestão de Organizações. Linha de Pesquisa: Gestão de Pessoas e Organizações. 4 À minha esposa Denise, com amor, admiração e gratidão por sua compreensão, carinho, presença e incansável apoio ao longo do período de elaboração deste trabalho. 5 AGRADECIMENTOS À Deus, por me dar saúde para concluir mais este sonho. Ao Prof. Dr. Kleber Markus, pela atenção, apoio e infinita disponibilidade, por todos os ensinamentos, pela impecável condução deste meu trabalho, e pela amizade no transcorrer do percurso desde minha chegada a esta Instituição. Aos professores do Mestrado que, nos anos de convivência, muito me ensinaram, contribuindo para o meu crescimento científico e intelectual. Aos meus amigos, André Luiz, José Luiz Suster, Luiz Carlos Cardoso, Jorge Furtado, Douglas Zampieri, Eder de Oliveira, Adalbert Beck, João Geraldo, Edson Coelho e Cristina Oesterreicher que muito me apoiaram e ajudaram nessa caminhada. Aos meus colegas de mestrado, que dividiram comigo os momentos de dificuldades e incerteza, mas principalmente pelos momentos de aprendizagem e alegrias. Aos meus pais Euclydes e Marlene, que desde sempre me incentivaram a ser uma pessoa melhor a cada dia. Aos meus irmãos, Eduardo, Margarida, Luciano e Neivaldo, que estiveram sempre presentes em todos os meus desafios. Aos meus genros, Raphael e Fernando, que sempre me apoiaram. Aos meus queridos netos, Lucas e Bernardo que em suas visitas me traziam momentos de prazer e descontração em meio ao turbilhão de artigos, papers e resenhas durante o mestrado. À minha querida esposa Denise e minhas filhas Caroline e Nathalia, pelo carinho, paciência e incentivo desde o primeiro minuto desta jornada. 6 知識是知道什麼是已知的。 這是真正的知識的定義。 “O saber é saber que nada se sabe. Esta é a definição do verdadeiro conhecimento.” Atribuído a Confúcio, filósofo chinês (551 – 479 a.C.) 7 RESUMO A globalização possibilitou aos países buscarem seus consumidores em qualquer parte, sendo o Brasil o quarto mercado consumidor de automóveis do mundo, e praticamente todos os fabricantes globais buscaram estar presentes neste mercado. Com os chineses, detentores do título de maiores produtores mundiais de automóveis, não seria diferente. Contudo, ao contrário do crescimento constante de sua produção mundial, viram suas vendas estagnarem em baixos níveis no Brasil nos últimos anos. O objetivo deste estudo é compreender o mau desempenho de vendas da marca Chery no Brasil, sob a óptica dos gerentes de vendas das agências de carros usados e dos ex-proprietários. Para tentar responder a esta questão, optou-se por um estudo de caráter exploratório, por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica e uma pesquisa qualitativa, com entrevistas abertas em profundidade com base em um roteiro preestabelecido e um recorte na cidade de São Paulo – SP. Utilizou-se também uma pesquisa secundária em meios eletrônicos, que confirmou as informações obtidas na pesquisa de campo. Conforme apresentado no trabalho, todas as marcas tiveram redução em suas vendas, porém, as marcas chinesas sofreram maiores reduções que às marcas ditas nacionais. Na pesquisa, observa-se que três fatores foram decisivos para o mau desempenho das marcas chinesas e, consequentemente, da marca Chery também. O primeiro foi o aumento do Imposto sobre Produtos Industrializados (IPI), o segundo foi a crise econômica que o Brasil atravessa e o terceiro foi a rejeição aos carros da Chery. Essa rejeição deveu-se a vários fatores, somados às experiências negativas que consumidores tiveram com marcas de veículos importados que deixaram o país, a imagem de que produtos chineses são cópias e ao hipotético preconceito que produtos chineses são de baixa qualidade. Portanto, ouvindo os entrevistados e por meio dos comentários sobre a marca Chery nos meios eletrônicos, pode-se deduzir que somente a crise econômica e o aumento de impostos não justificam totalmente o mau desempenho de vendas da marca Chery. Essa análise indica que os fatores de rejeição aos veículos da marca Chery tiveram participação decisiva nesta queda significativa de suas vendas no período de 2010 a 2014. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Automobilística. Marketing. Automóvel Chinês. Vendas. Importados. 8 ABSTRACT The Globalization has made it possible for countries to find their customers anywhere, Brazil being the fourth consumer market in the world cars, virtually all global manufacturers want to be present in this market. With the Chinese, holders of the title of biggest global automobiles producers, it wouldn’t be different. However, unlike the steady growth of its worldwide production, they saw their sales stagnate at low levels in Brazil in recent years. The aim of this study is to understand the evil of sales performance the Chery brand in Brazil, from the perspective of Sales Managers of used car agencies and former owners. To try to answer this question, we opted for an exploratory study, through a literature review and a qualitative research, with open in- depth interviews based on a pre-established script and a cut in the city of São Paulo – SP. It was also used an electronic media secondary research, which confirmed the information obtained in the field research. As shown in this job, all brands had a reduction in sales, however, Chineses brands have suffered major reductions as “national” brands. In the survey it was observed that three factors were decisive for the bad performance of Chineses brands and consequently the brand Chery as well. The first one was the increase of Tax on Industrialized Products (IPI), the second was the economic crisis that Brazil is undergoing and the third was the rejection of Chery cars. This rejection was due a lot of factors, added the negative experiences that consumers had with imported brands of vehicles that left the country, the image that Chineses products are copies and the hypothetical bias that Chineses products have low quality. Therefore, listening to the interviewees and through the comments on the Chery brand in electronic media, it can be deduced that only the economic crisis and tax increases not fully justify the poor sales performance of the Chery brand. This analysis, indicates that rejection factors to the Chery brand vehicles had a decisive participation in the significant drop in its sales in the period of 2010 to 2014. KEYWORDS: Automotive. Marketing. Chinese Car. Sales. Imported. 9 LISTA DE QUADROS Quadro 1 – Emplacamento automóveis por marca Brasil ......................................... 73 Quadro 2 – Perfil dos entrevistados .......................................................................... 89 10 LISTA DE FIGURAS Figura 1 – Exportação de bens: mundo e países em desenvolvimento (1950-2009) 23 Figura 2 – Modelo do processo de decisão do consumidor ...................................... 35 Figura 3 – Produção de Automóveis no Brasil entre 1980 e 2014 ............................ 52 Figura 4 – Complexo industrial automotivo instalado no Brasil................................. 56 Figura 5 – Complexo industrial automotivo em expansão no Brasil ......................... 57 Figura 6 – Total de vendas de veículos até 1.000 cilindradas no Brasil (%) ............. 58 Figura 7 – Alíquota do IPI sobre os automóveis novos brasileiros ........................... 60 Figura 8 – Evolução dos projetos de investimento chinês no Brasil – 2007-2013 .... 65 Figura 9 – Distribuição setorial dos projetos de 1999-2009 ...................................... 66 Figura 10 – Distribuição setorial dos projetos em 2010 e 2011 ................................ 67 Figura 11 – Distribuição setorial dos projetos em 2012 e 2013 ................................ 69 Figura 12 – Relações entre as empresas automobilísticas atuantes na China ......... 71 Figura 13 –
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