Host Cell Restriction Factors of Paramyxoviruses and Pneumoviruses
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Gut Microbiota Beyond Bacteria—Mycobiome, Virome, Archaeome, and Eukaryotic Parasites in IBD
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Gut Microbiota beyond Bacteria—Mycobiome, Virome, Archaeome, and Eukaryotic Parasites in IBD Mario Matijaši´c 1,* , Tomislav Meštrovi´c 2, Hana Cipˇci´cPaljetakˇ 1, Mihaela Peri´c 1, Anja Bareši´c 3 and Donatella Verbanac 4 1 Center for Translational and Clinical Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; [email protected] (H.C.P.);ˇ [email protected] (M.P.) 2 University Centre Varaždin, University North, 42000 Varaždin, Croatia; [email protected] 3 Division of Electronics, Ruđer Boškovi´cInstitute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; [email protected] 4 Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +385-01-4590-070 Received: 30 January 2020; Accepted: 7 April 2020; Published: 11 April 2020 Abstract: The human microbiota is a diverse microbial ecosystem associated with many beneficial physiological functions as well as numerous disease etiologies. Dominated by bacteria, the microbiota also includes commensal populations of fungi, viruses, archaea, and protists. Unlike bacterial microbiota, which was extensively studied in the past two decades, these non-bacterial microorganisms, their functional roles, and their interaction with one another or with host immune system have not been as widely explored. This review covers the recent findings on the non-bacterial communities of the human gastrointestinal microbiota and their involvement in health and disease, with particular focus on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease. Keywords: gut microbiota; inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); mycobiome; virome; archaeome; eukaryotic parasites 1. Introduction Trillions of microbes colonize the human body, forming the microbial community collectively referred to as the human microbiota. -
Guide for Common Viral Diseases of Animals in Louisiana
Sampling and Testing Guide for Common Viral Diseases of Animals in Louisiana Please click on the species of interest: Cattle Deer and Small Ruminants The Louisiana Animal Swine Disease Diagnostic Horses Laboratory Dogs A service unit of the LSU School of Veterinary Medicine Adapted from Murphy, F.A., et al, Veterinary Virology, 3rd ed. Cats Academic Press, 1999. Compiled by Rob Poston Multi-species: Rabiesvirus DCN LADDL Guide for Common Viral Diseases v. B2 1 Cattle Please click on the principle system involvement Generalized viral diseases Respiratory viral diseases Enteric viral diseases Reproductive/neonatal viral diseases Viral infections affecting the skin Back to the Beginning DCN LADDL Guide for Common Viral Diseases v. B2 2 Deer and Small Ruminants Please click on the principle system involvement Generalized viral disease Respiratory viral disease Enteric viral diseases Reproductive/neonatal viral diseases Viral infections affecting the skin Back to the Beginning DCN LADDL Guide for Common Viral Diseases v. B2 3 Swine Please click on the principle system involvement Generalized viral diseases Respiratory viral diseases Enteric viral diseases Reproductive/neonatal viral diseases Viral infections affecting the skin Back to the Beginning DCN LADDL Guide for Common Viral Diseases v. B2 4 Horses Please click on the principle system involvement Generalized viral diseases Neurological viral diseases Respiratory viral diseases Enteric viral diseases Abortifacient/neonatal viral diseases Viral infections affecting the skin Back to the Beginning DCN LADDL Guide for Common Viral Diseases v. B2 5 Dogs Please click on the principle system involvement Generalized viral diseases Respiratory viral diseases Enteric viral diseases Reproductive/neonatal viral diseases Back to the Beginning DCN LADDL Guide for Common Viral Diseases v. -
Diversity and Evolution of Viral Pathogen Community in Cave Nectar Bats (Eonycteris Spelaea)
viruses Article Diversity and Evolution of Viral Pathogen Community in Cave Nectar Bats (Eonycteris spelaea) Ian H Mendenhall 1,* , Dolyce Low Hong Wen 1,2, Jayanthi Jayakumar 1, Vithiagaran Gunalan 3, Linfa Wang 1 , Sebastian Mauer-Stroh 3,4 , Yvonne C.F. Su 1 and Gavin J.D. Smith 1,5,6 1 Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; [email protected] (D.L.H.W.); [email protected] (J.J.); [email protected] (L.W.); [email protected] (Y.C.F.S.) [email protected] (G.J.D.S.) 2 NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore 3 Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138671, Singapore; [email protected] (V.G.); [email protected] (S.M.-S.) 4 Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore 5 SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore 168753, Singapore 6 Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 30 January 2019; Accepted: 7 March 2019; Published: 12 March 2019 Abstract: Bats are unique mammals, exhibit distinctive life history traits and have unique immunological approaches to suppression of viral diseases upon infection. High-throughput next-generation sequencing has been used in characterizing the virome of different bat species. The cave nectar bat, Eonycteris spelaea, has a broad geographical range across Southeast Asia, India and southern China, however, little is known about their involvement in virus transmission. -
Borna Disease Virus Infection in Animals and Humans
Synopses Borna Disease Virus Infection in Animals and Humans Jürgen A. Richt,* Isolde Pfeuffer,* Matthias Christ,* Knut Frese,† Karl Bechter,‡ and Sibylle Herzog* *Institut für Virologie, Giessen, Germany; †Institut für Veterinär-Pathologie, Giessen, Germany; and ‡Universität Ulm, Günzburg, Germany The geographic distribution and host range of Borna disease (BD), a fatal neuro- logic disease of horses and sheep, are larger than previously thought. The etiologic agent, Borna disease virus (BDV), has been identified as an enveloped nonsegmented negative-strand RNA virus with unique properties of replication. Data indicate a high degree of genetic stability of BDV in its natural host, the horse. Studies in the Lewis rat have shown that BDV replication does not directly influence vital functions; rather, the disease is caused by a virus-induced T-cell–mediated immune reaction. Because antibodies reactive with BDV have been found in the sera of patients with neuro- psychiatric disorders, this review examines the possible link between BDV and such disorders. Seroepidemiologic and cerebrospinal fluid investigations of psychiatric patients suggest a causal role of BDV infection in human psychiatric disorders. In diagnostically unselected psychiatric patients, the distribution of psychiatric disorders was found to be similar in BDV seropositive and seronegative patients. In addition, BDV-seropositive neurologic patients became ill with lymphocytic meningoencephali- tis. In contrast to others, we found no evidence is reported for BDV RNA, BDV antigens, or infectious BDV in peripheral blood cells of psychiatric patients. Borna disease (BD), first described more predilection for the gray matter of the cerebral than 200 years ago in southern Germany as a hemispheres and the brain stem (8,19). -
Increased Interseasonal Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Activity in Parts of the Southern United States
This is an official CDC Health Advisory Distributed via Health Alert Network June 10, 2021 3:00 PM 10490-CAD-06-10-2021-RSV Increased Interseasonal Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Activity in Parts of the Southern United States Summary The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is issuing this health advisory to notify clinicians and caregivers about increased interseasonal respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) activity across parts of the Southern United States. Due to this increased activity, CDC encourages broader testing for RSV among patients presenting with acute respiratory illness who test negative for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. RSV can be associated with severe disease in young children and older adults. This health advisory also serves as a reminder to healthcare personnel, childcare providers, and staff of long-term care facilities to avoid reporting to work while acutely ill – even if they test negative for SARS-CoV-2. Background RSV is an RNA virus of the genus Orthopneumovirus, family Pneumoviridae, primarily spread via respiratory droplets when a person coughs or sneezes, and through direct contact with a contaminated surface. RSV is the most common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children under one year of age in the United States. Infants, young children, and older adults with chronic medical conditions are at risk of severe disease from RSV infection. Each year in the United States, RSV leads to on average approximately 58,000 hospitalizations1 with 100-500 deaths among children younger than 5 years old2 and 177,000 hospitalizations with 14,000 deaths among adults aged 65 years or older.3 In the United States, RSV infections occur primarily during the fall and winter cold and flu season. -
And Filoviruses Asit K
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Papers in Veterinary and Biomedical Science Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Department of 2016 Overview of Rhabdo- and Filoviruses Asit K. Pattnaik University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Michael A. Whitt University of Tennessee Health Science Center, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/vetscipapers Part of the Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology Commons, Cell and Developmental Biology Commons, Immunology and Infectious Disease Commons, Medical Sciences Commons, Veterinary Microbiology and Immunobiology Commons, and the Veterinary Pathology and Pathobiology Commons Pattnaik, Asit K. and Whitt, Michael A., "Overview of Rhabdo- and Filoviruses" (2016). Papers in Veterinary and Biomedical Science. 229. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/vetscipapers/229 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Papers in Veterinary and Biomedical Science by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Published in Biology and Pathogenesis of Rhabdo- and Filoviruses (2016), edited by Asit K Pattnaik and Michael A Whitt. Copyright © 2016 World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd. Used by permission. digitalcommons.unl.edu CHAPTER 1 Overview of Rhabdo- and Filoviruses Asit K. Pattnaik1 and Michael A. Whitt2 1 School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences and Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583 2 Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163 The authors contributed equally to this work. Emails: [email protected] ; [email protected] Summary Enveloped viruses with a negative-sense, single-stranded monopartite RNA genome have been classified into the orderMononegavirales . -
Virus Pathogen Resource (Vipr) March 2019 New Features in Vipr
Virus Pathogen Resource (ViPR) March 2019 New Features in ViPR New Genome Annotation Tool New RNA Structure Data VIGOR4, a new genome annotation tool is In collaboration with the NIAID-funded Loading Virus Pathogen Database and AnalysisAbout Resource Us Community (ViPR)... Announcements Links Resources Support now available on the Zika virus portal. VIGOR4 Orfeome project, we have released new RNA News & Events (Viral Genome ORF Reader) is developed by structure data for MERS-CoV on the ViPR • June 9-13, 2019: Positive Strand J. Craig Venter Institute. VIGOR 4 predicts site. This new dataset is generated as part RNA Viruses, Killarney, Ireland. Oral protein sequences encoded in a viral of the effort to identify, characterize and presentation. genomes by sequences similarity searching then determine the role of uncharacterized against curated viral protein databases. viral genesSearch that may function to auto- Analyze• July 21-25, 2019: Annual Conference Save to Workbench regulate virus replication efficiency and host In the next few releases, we will enhance the Search our comprehensive database for: Analyzeon Intelligent data online: Systems for Molecular Use your workbench to: responses. The structure data is predicted Biology, Basel, Switzerland. current VIGOR4 implementation and make it Sequences & strains Sequence Alignment Store and share data available for other virus familes. using SHAPE chemical reactivity data (PMID: 22475022Immune). epitopes • AugustPhylogenetic 4-9, T2019:ree 24th International Combine working sets 3D protein -
A Report of Two Cases of Human Metapneumovirus Infection in Pregnancy Involving Superimposed Bacterial Pneumonia and Severe Respiratory Illness
Case Report J Clin Gynecol Obstet. 2019;8(4):107-110 A Report of Two Cases of Human Metapneumovirus Infection in Pregnancy Involving Superimposed Bacterial Pneumonia and Severe Respiratory Illness Jordan P. Emonta, c, Kathleen S. Chunga, Dwight J. Rousea, b Abstract tion (URI) [2]. In a literature search on PubMed of “human metapneu- Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a cause of mild to severe res- movirus AND pregnant” and “human metapneumovirus AND piratory viral infection. There are few descriptions of infection with pregnancy”, we identified two case reports of severe HMPV HMPV in pregnancy. We present two cases of HMPV infection occur- infection in pregnant women in the USA, and one descrip- ring in pregnancy, including a case of superimposed bacterial pneu- tive report of 25 pregnant women infected with mild HMPV monia in a pregnant woman after HMPV infection. In the first case, infection in rural Nepal. In a case by Haas et al (2012), a a 40-year-old woman at 29 weeks of gestation developed an asthma 24-year-old woman at 30 weeks of gestation developed res- exacerbation in association with a positive respiratory pathogen panel piratory failure requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission (RPP) for HMPV infection. She was admitted to the intensive care secondary to HMPV pneumonia [3]. The case by Fuchs et al unit (ICU) for progressive respiratory failure. In the second case, a (2017) describes an 18-year-old patient at 36 weeks of gesta- 36-year-old woman at 31 weeks of gestation developed respiratory tion admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) for acute respira- distress in association with a positive RPP for HMPV. -
Risk Groups: Viruses (C) 1988, American Biological Safety Association
Rev.: 1.0 Risk Groups: Viruses (c) 1988, American Biological Safety Association BL RG RG RG RG RG LCDC-96 Belgium-97 ID Name Viral group Comments BMBL-93 CDC NIH rDNA-97 EU-96 Australia-95 HP AP (Canada) Annex VIII Flaviviridae/ Flavivirus (Grp 2 Absettarov, TBE 4 4 4 implied 3 3 4 + B Arbovirus) Acute haemorrhagic taxonomy 2, Enterovirus 3 conjunctivitis virus Picornaviridae 2 + different 70 (AHC) Adenovirus 4 Adenoviridae 2 2 (incl animal) 2 2 + (human,all types) 5 Aino X-Arboviruses 6 Akabane X-Arboviruses 7 Alastrim Poxviridae Restricted 4 4, Foot-and- 8 Aphthovirus Picornaviridae 2 mouth disease + viruses 9 Araguari X-Arboviruses (feces of children 10 Astroviridae Astroviridae 2 2 + + and lambs) Avian leukosis virus 11 Viral vector/Animal retrovirus 1 3 (wild strain) + (ALV) 3, (Rous 12 Avian sarcoma virus Viral vector/Animal retrovirus 1 sarcoma virus, + RSV wild strain) 13 Baculovirus Viral vector/Animal virus 1 + Togaviridae/ Alphavirus (Grp 14 Barmah Forest 2 A Arbovirus) 15 Batama X-Arboviruses 16 Batken X-Arboviruses Togaviridae/ Alphavirus (Grp 17 Bebaru virus 2 2 2 2 + A Arbovirus) 18 Bhanja X-Arboviruses 19 Bimbo X-Arboviruses Blood-borne hepatitis 20 viruses not yet Unclassified viruses 2 implied 2 implied 3 (**)D 3 + identified 21 Bluetongue X-Arboviruses 22 Bobaya X-Arboviruses 23 Bobia X-Arboviruses Bovine 24 immunodeficiency Viral vector/Animal retrovirus 3 (wild strain) + virus (BIV) 3, Bovine Bovine leukemia 25 Viral vector/Animal retrovirus 1 lymphosarcoma + virus (BLV) virus wild strain Bovine papilloma Papovavirus/ -
Isolation and Characterization of Clinical RSV Isolates in Belgium During the Winters of 2016–2018
viruses Article Isolation and Characterization of Clinical RSV Isolates in Belgium during the Winters of 2016–2018 Winke Van der Gucht 1, Kim Stobbelaar 1,2, Matthias Govaerts 1 , Thomas Mangodt 2, Cyril Barbezange 3 , Annelies Leemans 1, Benedicte De Winter 4, Steven Van Gucht 3 , Guy Caljon 1, Louis Maes 1 , Jozef De Dooy 4,5, Philippe Jorens 4,5, Annemieke Smet 4 , Paul Cos 1, Stijn Verhulst 2,4 and Peter L. Delputte 1,* 1 Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, and Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp (UA), Universiteitsplein 1 S.7, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; [email protected] (W.V.d.G.); [email protected] (K.S.); [email protected] (M.G.); [email protected] (A.L.); [email protected] (G.C.); [email protected] (L.M.); [email protected] (P.C.) 2 Pediatrics Department, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium; [email protected] (T.M.); [email protected] (S.V.) 3 Sciensano, Rue Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; [email protected] (C.B.); [email protected] (S.V.G.) 4 Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp (UA), Univeristeitsplein 1 T.3, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; [email protected] (B.D.W.); [email protected] (J.D.D.); [email protected] (P.J.); [email protected] (A.S.) 5 Pediatric intensive care unit, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +32-3-265-26-25 Received: 29 July 2019; Accepted: 4 November 2019; Published: 6 November 2019 Abstract: Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a very important viral pathogen in children, immunocompromised and cardiopulmonary diseased patients and the elderly. -
Phylogenetic Evidence of a Novel Lineage of Canine Pneumovirus And
Piewbang and Techangamsuwan BMC Veterinary Research (2019) 15:300 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-019-2035-1 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Phylogenetic evidence of a novel lineage of canine pneumovirus and a naturally recombinant strain isolated from dogs with respiratory illness in Thailand Chutchai Piewbang1 and Somporn Techangamsuwan1,2* Abstract Background: Canine pneumovirus (CPV) is a pathogen that causes respiratory disease in dogs, and recent outbreaks in shelters in America and Europe have been reported. However, based on published data and documents, the identification of CPV and its variant in clinically symptomatic individual dogs in Thailand through Asia is limited. Therefore, the aims of this study were to determine the emergence of CPV and to consequently establish the genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the CPV strains from 209 dogs showing respiratory distress in Thailand. Results: This study identified and described the full-length CPV genome from three strains, designated herein as CPV_ CP13 TH/2015, CPV_CP82 TH/2016 and CPV_SR1 TH/2016, that were isolated from six dogs out of 209 dogs (2.9%) with respiratory illness in Thailand. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that these three Thai CPV strains (CPV TH strains) belong to the CPV subgroup A and form a novel lineage; proposed as the Asian prototype. Specific mutations in the deduced amino acids of these CPV TH strains were found in the G/glycoprotein sequence, suggesting potential substitution sites for subtype classification. Results of intragenic recombination analysis revealed that CPV_CP82 TH/2016 is a recombinant strain, where the recombination event occurred in the L gene with the Italian prototype CPV Bari/100–12 as the putative major parent. -
Respiratory Infections and Coinfections: Geographical and Population Patterns Norvell Perezbusta-Lara, Rocío Tirado-Mendoza* and Javier R
GACETA MÉDICA DE MÉXICO ORIGINAL ARTICLE Respiratory infections and coinfections: geographical and population patterns Norvell Perezbusta-Lara, Rocío Tirado-Mendoza* and Javier R. Ambrosio-Hernández Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology y Parasitology, Mexico City, Mexico Abstract Introduction: Acute respiratory infections are the second cause of mortality in children younger than five years, with 150.7 million episodes per year. Human orthopneumovirus (hOPV) and metapneumovirus (hMPV) are the first and second causes of bronchiolitis; type 2 human orthorubulavirus (hORUV) has been associated with pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. Objective: To define hOPV, hMPV and hORUV geographical distribution and circulation patterns. Method: An observational, prospective cross-sectional pilot study was carried out. Two-hundred viral strains obtained from pediatric patients were genotyped by endpoint reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: One-hundred and eighty-six positive samples were typed: 84 hOPV, 43 hMPV, two hORUV and 57 co-infection specimens. Geographical distribution was plotted. hMPV, hOPV, and hORUV cumulative incidences were 0.215, 0.42, and 0.01, respectively. Cumulative incidence of hMPV-hORUV and hMPV-hOPV coinfection was 0.015 and 0.23; for hOPV-hMPV-hORUV, 0.035; and for hORUV-hOPV, 0.005. The largest num- ber of positive cases of circulating or co-circulating viruses occurred between January and March. Conclusions: This study successfully identified circulation and geographical distribution patterns of the different viruses, as well as of viral co-infections. KEY WORDS: Acute respiratory infections. Human respiratory viruses. Viral coinfections. Circulation patterns. Infecciones y coinfecciones respiratorias: patrón geográfico y de circulación poblacional Resumen Introducción: Las infecciones respiratorias agudas constituyen la segunda causa de mortalidad en los niños menores de cinco años, con 150.7 millones de episodios anuales.