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Επιστημονικό Περιοδικό Papyri - Scientific Journal Δέλτοι Delti Τόμος 4, 2015 Volume 4, 2015 [email protected] ΠΕΡΙΕΧΟΜΕΝΑ TABLE of CONTENTS

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Επιστημονικό Περιοδικό Papyri - Scientific Journal Δέλτοι Delti Τόμος 4, 2015 Volume 4, 2015 Papyri@Academy.Edu.Gr ΠΕΡΙΕΧΟΜΕΝΑ TABLE of CONTENTS ΑΚΑΔΗΜΙΑ ΘΕΣΜΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΠΟΛΙΤΙΣΜΩΝ ACADEMY OF INSTITUTIONS AND CULTURES Πᾶσά τε ἐπιστήμη χωριζομένη δικαιοσύνης καὶ τῆς ἄλλης ἀρετῆς πανουργία, οὐ σοφία φαίνεται. Πλάτωνος, “Μενέξενος”, [246e – 247a]. And every form of knowledge when sundered from justice and the rest of virtue is seen to be plain roguery rather than wisdom. Plato, “Menexenus”, [246e – 247a]. Plato. Platonis Opera, ed. John Burnet. Oxford University Press. 1903 Πάπυροι - Επιστημονικό Περιοδικό Δέλτοι τόμος 4, 2015 Papyri - Scientific Journal Delti volume 4, 2015 ΘΕΣΣΑΛΟΝΙΚΗ 2015 - THESSALONIKI 2015 ISSN : 2241-5106 ISSN : 2241-5106 Τίτλος : Πάπυροι - Επιστημονικό Περιοδικό Δέλτοι τόμος 4, 2015 Publication Name : Papyri - Scientific Journal Delti volume 4, 2015 Εκδότης : ΑΚΑΔΗΜΙΑ ΘΕΣΜΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΠΟΛΙΤΙΣΜΩΝ Publisher : ACADEMY OF INSTITUTIONS AND CULTURES Copyright © ΑΚΑΔΗΜΙΑ ΘΕΣΜΩN ΚΑΙ ΠΟΛΙΤΙΣΜΩΝ ACADEMY OF INSTITUTIONS AND CULTURES Έτος : 2015, Θεσσαλονίκη Year : 2015, Thessaloniki, Macedonia Hellas Web site : www.academy.edu.gr Email : [email protected] Σχεδιασμός και επιμέλεια έκδοσης : Γεώργιος Ελ. Κούρταλης Design Issue and custody : Georgios El. Kourtalis ΑΚΑΔΗΜΙΑ ΘΕΣΜΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΠΟΛΙΤΙΣΜΩΝ ACADEMY OF INSTITUTIONS AND CULTURES , . …. ΧΘΟρώΥΚμΥεΔθΙΔαΟ Υγ,ὰΙσρτ οπροίαλ ιττουε ίΠᾳε ολοὐπ οζνηνληοσύιασκοῃύ τ ποοὺλέςμ τοῶυ,νΕ πιτέάλφαιςο ςν,ό [2.37.1]μους παράδειγμα δὲ μᾶλλον αὐτοὶ ὄντες τισὶν ἢ μιμούμενοι ἑτέρους καὶ ὄνομα μὲν διὰ τὸ μὴ ἐς ὀλίγους ἀλλ᾽ ἐς πλείονας οἰκεῖν δημοκρατία κέκληται Πάπυροι – Επιστημονικό Περιοδικό Π σά τε πιστήμη χωριζομένη δικαιοσύνης κα τ ς λλης ρετ ς πανουργία, ο σοφία φαίνεται. Πλάτων, “Μενέξενος”, [246 e – 247a]. ᾶ ἐ ὶ ῆ ἄ ἀ ῆ ὐ Εκδότης: ΑΚΑΔΗΜΙΑ ΘΕΣΜΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΠΟΛΙΤΙΣΜΩΝ Ταχυδρομική Διεύθυνση: Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης, Τ.Κ. 54124, Θεσσαλονίκη, Ελλάς, Τ.Θ. 494 του Α.Π.Θ. http:// www.academy.edu.gr E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] ISSN: 2241-5106 ΔΙΕΥΘΥΝΤΗΣ ΕΚΔΟΣΕΩΣ ΠΑΝΟΣ ΗΛΙΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ Πανεπιστήμιο Πελοποννήσου, International Society for Universal Dialogue ΑΝΑΠΛΗΡΩΤΕΣ ΔΙΕΥΘΥΝΤΕΣ ΕΚΔΟΣΕΩΣ ΚΩΝΣΤΑΝΤΙΝΟΣ ΚΑΡΝΑΣΙΩΤΗΣ, Ακαδημία Θεσμών και Πολιτισμών ΔΗΜΗΤΡΙΟΣ ΛΑΜΠΡΕΛΛΗΣ, Πάντειο Πανεπιστήμιο ΙΑΚΩΒΟΣ ΜΙΧΑΗΛΙΔΗΣ, Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης ΣΥΝΤΟΝΙΣΤΗΣ ΕΚΔΟΣΕΩΣ ΑΝΑΣΤΑΣΙΟΣ ΜΑΡΑΣ Ελληνικό Ανοικτό Πανεπιστήμιο, Ανωτάτη Εκκλησιαστική Ακαδημία Θεσσαλονίκης ΠΑΠΥΡΟΙ Το Επιστημονικό Περιοδικό ΠΑΠΥΡΟΙ αποτελεί ετήσια διαδικτυακή περιοδική έκδοση της Ακα- δημίας Θεσμών και Πολιτισμών, στην οποία δημοσιεύονται κείμενα από τους τομείς της Φιλοσο- φίας, της Ιστορίας, της Αρχαιολογίας, της Κοινωνικής Επιστήμης, της Εθνολογίας καθώς και από τις άλλες Ανθρωπιστικές Επιστήμες. Επίσης δημοσιεύονται άρθρα από την Ιστορία και την Φιλο- σοφία των Θετικών Επιστημών και γενικώς ό,τι προάγει την διεπιστημονική Έρευνα. Οι δημο- σιεύσεις γίνονται στην Ελληνική, Γαλλική, Αγγλική, Γερμανική, Ιταλική, Ισπανική και Ρωσική, με έγκριση της Επιστημονικής Επιτροπής, μετά από κρίση και εφόσον τηρούνται οι προδιαγραφές δημοσιεύσεων. Η επιλογή του διαδικτύου ως μέσου εκδόσεως του Επιστημονικού Περιοδικού ΠΑΠΥΡΟΙ εδράζε- www.academy.edu.gr [email protected] [email protected] ΑΚΑΔΗΜΙΑ ΘΕΣΜΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΠΟΛΙΤΙΣΜΩΝ ACADEMY OF INSTITUTIONS AND CULTURES , . …. ΧΘΟρώΥΚμΥεΔθΙΔαΟ Υγ,ὰΙσρτ οπροίαλ ιττουε ίΠᾳε ολοὐπ οζνηνληοσύιασκοῃύ τ ποοὺλέςμ τοῶυ,νΕ πιτέάλφαιςο ςν,ό [2.37.1]μους παράδειγμα δὲ μᾶλλον αὐτοὶ ὄντες τισὶν ἢ μιμούμενοι ἑτέρους καὶ ὄνομα μὲν διὰ τὸ μὴ ἐς ὀλίγους ἀλλ᾽ ἐς πλείονας οἰκεῖν δημοκρατία κέκληται ται στο γεγονός ότι αυτό αποτελεί το σύγχρονο μέσο για μετάδοση της Γνώσης, δεδομένου ότι, προσφέρει αμεσότητα, εύκολη και ελεύθερη πρόσβαση, καθώς και δυνατότητα αναπαραγωγής και αρχειοθέτησης, λόγω της διαθέσεως των κειμένων σε ψηφιακή μορφή. Το διαδίκτυο πραγμα- τώνει μια από τις αρχέγονες ανάγκες της Ανθρωπότητας, αυτήν της καθολικής πρόσβασης στην Γνώση. Παράρτημα του ΠΑΠΥΡΟΙ αποτελούν οι ΔΕΛΤΟΙ, στις οποίες δημοσιεύονται επιστημονικά άρθρα που αποτελούν επαναδημοσίευση, οπότε αναφέρεται η αρχική πηγή. Προς υποστήριξη των νέων επιστημόνων, δημοσιεύονται επίσης, Διδακτορικές Διατριβές και Μεταπτυχιακές Εργασίες, το περιεχόμενο των οποίων συνάδει προς την Φιλοσοφία της Ακαδημίας Θεσμών και Πολιτισμών. Σκοπός της όλης εκδόσεως είναι η συγκρότηση ενός Σώματος Παιδείας που να οδηγεί στην ανά- πτυξη μίας Κοσμοσυστημικής Γνωσιολογίας. Η δημοσίευση των άρθρων γίνεται σύμφωνα με το επώνυμο του συγγραφέα, κατά την σειρά της ροής του ελληνικού αλφαβήτου. www.academy.edu.gr [email protected] [email protected] ΑΚΑΔΗΜΙΑ ΘΕΣΜΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΠΟΛΙΤΙΣΜΩΝ ACADEMY OF INSTITUTIONS AND CULTURES , . …. ΧΘΟρώΥΚμΥεΔθΙΔαΟ Υγ,ὰΙσρτ οπροίαλ ιττουε ίΠᾳε ολοὐπ οζνηνληοσύιασκοῃύ τ ποοὺλέςμ τοῶυ,νΕ πιτέάλφαιςο ςν,ό [2.37.1]μους παράδειγμα δὲ μᾶλλον αὐτοὶ ὄντες τισὶν ἢ μιμούμενοι ἑτέρους καὶ ὄνομα μὲν διὰ τὸ μὴ ἐς ὀλίγους ἀλλ᾽ ἐς πλείονας οἰκεῖν δημοκρατία κέκληται Πάπυροι – Επιστημονικό Περιοδικό ΣΥΜΒΟΥΛΕΥΤΙΚΗ ΕΠΙΤΡΟΠΗ ΜΥΡΤΩ ΔΡΑΓΩΝΑ-ΜΟΝΑΧΟΥ, Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών, Πανεπιστή- μιο Κρήτης ΓΙΩΡΓΟΣ ΚΟΝΤΟΓΙΩΡΓΗΣ, Πάντειο Πανεπιστήμιο ΛΑΜΠΡΟΣ ΚΟΥΛΟΥΜΠΑΡΙΤΣΗΣ, Ελεύθερο Πανεπιστήμιο των Βρυξελλών, Βασιλική Ακαδημία του Βελγίου και Ακαδημία Αθηνών ΙΩΑΝΝΗΣ ΛΥΡΙΤΖΗΣ, Πανεπιστήμιο του Αιγαίου, Ακαδημία Επιστημών Τεχνών και Γραμμάτων της Ντιζόν, Ευρωπαϊκή Ακαδημία Επιστημών του Σάλτσμπουργκ, Αρχαιολογικό Φόρουμ της Σα- γκάης, Σάμαρα Κρατικό Ινστιτούτο Πολιτισμού ΓΕΩΡΓΙΟΣ ΜΑΤΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ, Αμερικανικό Κολλέγιο Ελλάδος KOSTYANTYN BALABANOV, Κρατικό Πανεπιστήμιο της Μαριουπόλεως, Εθνική Ακαδημία Παιδαγωγικών Επιστημών της Ουκρανίας ΓΙΑΝΝΗΣ ΤΖΙΦΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ, Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης ΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΟΝΙΚΗ ΕΠΙΤΡΟΠΗ ΚΥΡΙΑΚΟΣ ΕΥΣΤΑΘΙΟΥ, Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης ΒΙΚΤΩΡ ΙΒΑΝΟΒΙΤΣ, Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης ΝΙΚΟΛΑΟΣ ΚΟΥΡΚΟΥΜΕΛΗΣ, Κέντρο Διπλωματικών και Στρατηγικών Σπουδών ΓΙΩΡΓΟΣ ΠΑΠΑΘΕΟΔΩΡΟΥ, Πανεπιστήμιο Πατρών ΣΠΥΡΙΔΩΝ ΠΑΥΛΙΔΗΣ, Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης ΛΕΩΝΙΔΑΣ ΡΑΔΟΣ, Ινστιτούτο Α.D. Xenopol, της Ακαδημίας της Ρουμανίας ΣΠΥΡΟΣ ΣΥΡΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ, Πανεπιστήμιο Αιγαίου MYKOLA TROFYMENKO, Πανεπιστήμιο Μαριουπόλεως της Ουκρανίας ΑΓΑΘΟΝΙΚΗ ΤΣΙΛΙΠΑΚΟΥ, Μουσείο Βυζαντινού Πολιτισμού Θεσσαλονίκης ΓΕΩΡΓΙΟΣ ΧΑΛΚΙΑΣ, Πανεπιστήμιο του Hong Kong, Πανεπιστήμιο της Οξφόρδης ΕΥΑΝΘΗΣ ΧΑΤΖΗΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΟΥ, Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών ΕΛΠΙΔΑ ΧΑΤΖΗΔΑΚΗ, πρ. Διευθύντρια Εφορείας Εναλίων Αρχαιοτήτων ΚΙΜΩΝ ΧΡΗΣΤΑΝΗΣ, Πανεπιστήμιο Πατρών www.academy.edu.gr [email protected] [email protected] ΑΚΑΔΗΜΙΑ ΘΕΣΜΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΠΟΛΙΤΙΣΜΩΝ ACADEMY OF INSTITUTIONS AND CULTURES , . …. ΧΘΟρώΥΚμΥεΔθΙΔαΟ Υγ,ὰΙσρτ οπροίαλ ιττουε ίΠᾳε ολοὐπ οζνηνληοσύιασκοῃύ τ ποοὺλέςμ τοῶυ,νΕ πιτέάλφαιςο ςν,ό [2.37.1]μους παράδειγμα δὲ μᾶλλον αὐτοὶ ὄντες τισὶν ἢ μιμούμενοι ἑτέρους καὶ ὄνομα μὲν διὰ τὸ μὴ ἐς ὀλίγους ἀλλ᾽ ἐς πλείονας οἰκεῖν δημοκρατία κέκληται Papyri - Scientific Journal And every form of knowledge when sundered from justice and the rest of virtue is seen to be plain roguery rather than wisdom. Plato, “Menexenus”, [246e – 247a]. Plato. Platonis Opera, ed. John Burnet. Oxford University Press. 1903 Publisher: ACADEMY OF INSTITUTIONS AND CULTURES Mail address: Aristoteles University of Thessaloniki, P.C. 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece, P.O. Box 494 of A.U.Th. http:// www.academy.edu.gr E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] ISSN: 2241-5106 PUBLISHING DIRECTOR PANOS ELIOPOULOS University of Peloponnese, International Society of Universal Dialogue DEPUTY PUBLISHING DIRECTORS KONSTANTINOS KARNASSIOTIS, Academy of Institutions and Cultures DIMITRIOS LAMPRELLIS, Panteion University IAKOVOS MICHAΙLIDIS, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki PUBLISHING COORDINATOR ANASTASIOS MARAS Hellenic Open University, University Ecclesiastical Academy of Thessaloniki PAPYRI The Scientific Journal PAPYRI constitutes an annual online periodical review of the Academy of Institutions and Cultures, in which texts related to the realm of Philosophy, History, Archaeology, Social Sciences, Ethnology, as well as to Humanities in general are published. Also, articles are published with a reference to the History and the Philosophy of Natural Sciences, and generally, everything that promotes the interdisciplinary Research. The publications appear in Greek, French, English, German, Italian, Spanish, and Russian language and are subject to the approval of the Sci• entific Committee, after they have been reviewed, provided that the publishing specification guide• lines are satisfied. The choice of the Internet as a publishing medium of the Scientific Journal PAPYRI relies on the www.academy.edu.gr [email protected] [email protected] ΑΚΑΔΗΜΙΑ ΘΕΣΜΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΠΟΛΙΤΙΣΜΩΝ ACADEMY OF INSTITUTIONS AND CULTURES , . …. ΧΘΟρώΥΚμΥεΔθΙΔαΟ Υγ,ὰΙσρτ οπροίαλ ιττουε ίΠᾳε ολοὐπ οζνηνληοσύιασκοῃύ τ ποοὺλέςμ τοῶυ,νΕ πιτέάλφαιςο ςν,ό [2.37.1]μους παράδειγμα δὲ μᾶλλον αὐτοὶ ὄντες τισὶν ἢ μιμούμενοι ἑτέρους καὶ ὄνομα μὲν διὰ τὸ μὴ ἐς ὀλίγους ἀλλ᾽ ἐς πλείονας οἰκεῖν δημοκρατία κέκληται fact that the Internet constitutes a modern medium for the transmission of Knowledge, since it of• fers immediacy, easy and free access, as well as the possibility of reproduction and archiving, due to the disposal of the texts in digital form. The Internet effectuates one of the primordial needs of Humanity, the one of the global access to Knowledge. Supplement of the PAPYRI is the DELTI, in which scientific articles are republished, therefore the initial source is mentioned. In order to assist the new scientists, Ph.D. Dissertations and Postgradu• ate Theses, whose content stays in accordance with the Philosophy of the Academy of Institutions and Cultures, are also published. The aim of the edition as a whole is the composition of
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  • Women in Early Pythagoreanism
    Women in Early Pythagoreanism Caterina Pellò Faculty of Classics University of Cambridge Clare Hall February 2018 This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Alla nonna Ninni, che mi ha insegnato a leggere e scrivere Abstract Women in Early Pythagoreanism Caterina Pellò The sixth-century-BCE Pythagorean communities included both male and female members. This thesis focuses on the Pythagorean women and aims to explore what reasons lie behind the prominence of women in Pythagoreanism and what roles women played in early Pythagorean societies and thought. In the first chapter, I analyse the social conditions of women in Southern Italy, where the first Pythagorean communities were founded. In the second chapter, I compare Pythagorean societies with ancient Greek political clubs and religious sects. Compared to mainland Greece, South Italian women enjoyed higher legal and socio-political status. Similarly, religious groups included female initiates, assigning them authoritative roles. Consequently, the fact that the Pythagoreans founded their communities in Croton and further afield, and that in some respects these communities resembled ancient sects helps to explain why they opened their doors to the female gender to begin with. The third chapter discusses Pythagoras’ teachings to and about women. Pythagorean doctrines did not exclusively affect the followers’ way of thinking and public activities, but also their private way of living. Thus, they also regulated key aspects of the female everyday life, such as marriage and motherhood. I argue that the Pythagorean women entered the communities as wives, mothers and daughters. Nonetheless, some of them were able to gain authority over their fellow Pythagoreans and engage in intellectual activities, thus overcoming the female traditional domestic roles.
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  • Heraclides of Pontus 1St Edition Download Free
    HERACLIDES OF PONTUS 1ST EDITION DOWNLOAD FREE Elizabeth Pender | 9781351515955 | | | | | Heraclides Ponticus Chapter 6. During Plato's third trip to Sicily, Heraclides served as head of the Academy and was almost elected its head on the death of Speusippus. Britannica Quiz. Book Description. Used hardcover First. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article requires login. Heraclides is a Greek astronomer who proposed that the earth rotates on its axis once a day and who may have believed that Heraclides of Pontus 1st edition sun was the centre of the Heraclides of Pontus 1st edition system. His writings, all lost except for a few fragments, include literary criticism and works on musicology. He wrote on the movements of the planets. The public laws of the state of Rhode-Island and Providence Plantations. Ancient Greek astronomy. He is the author of Aristotle on Emotion and founder of the Theophrastus Project. His interests were diverse. Used fine hardcover. His vast bibliography, which unfortunately does not survive today, spanned the fields of physics, astronomy, metaphysics and meteorology. Heraclides Ponticus. During Plato's third trip to Heraclides of Pontus 1st edition, Heraclides served as head of the Academy and was almost elected its head on the death of ides' interests were : Taylor And Francis. Bernard Bolzano. Eighth Day Books. Interdisciplinary instruction. Seller rating : This seller has earned a 5 of 5 Stars rating from Biblio customers. Learn More. October 22, Biblio is open and shipping orders. The volume contains a new edition of the sources for Heraclides' life and thought. Social Responsibility Did you know that sinceBiblio has used its profits to build 16 public libraries in rural villages of South America? Astronomy and Space Quiz.
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  • GREEK MUSIC. the General Conviction That the True
    GREEK MUSIC. THE general conviction that the true nature of ancient Greek music is practically incomprehensible in modern times arises from many causes, of which the most potent are:— 1. That hitherto all explanations have been based on the extant formal treatises, which deal either with the decadent elaborations of solo cithara- playing, or the purely theoretical calculations of the self-styled Pythagorean school, which latter professedly despised the actual performance of music. 2. The attempts to elucidate the subject make no allowance for the fact that the extant specimens of noted music extend over a period of at least eight centuries, and no one explanation is likely to fit either the whole of these or the casual references to music to be found in general Greek literature. 3. Thanks mainly to Aristoxenus, the modern mind has become so permeated by the quarter-tone theory of the enharmonic genus, that even so simple a record as the celebrated Euripides fragment has been generally interpreted as involving this minute interval. The arguments against this theory, at least as regards vocal music, are weighty and almost conclusive ; but their full development requires more space than is available here. This article is an attempt to summarise the main conclusions arrived at from a careful consideration of authenticated history, the representations of musical instruments, the complete notation, and the casual references to music of various Greek writers, especially Plato, Aristotle, and Plutarch. It is manifestly impossible to give the authority for each statement, but a few of the more important references will be given.
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  • The Celestial Eschatology and Its Transformations
    CHAPrERFIVE THE CELESTIAL ESCHATOLOGY AND ITS TRANSFORMATIONS Plato has removed the Isles of the Blessed to somewhere in the sky, according to the presuppositions of his ontology and cosmology: what is lower is coarser, the elements are ranged on a vertical scale from gross ( earth, water) to finer (air, aether, starry fire). However, after death, only the souls of the righteous have the privilege of abiding at the earth's surface, or even higher, in close vicinity to the eternal ideas. Moreover, neither the staying on the True Earth, nor the contemplation of the hyperuranian essences are in all cases supposed to be everlasting. For smaller merits, they last only for a definite period of time, after which the soul must choose again an incarnation on the earth. After judgement, the soul of the Unjust goes to the underground Hell, where the generally verticallity of Plato's system is again respected:the worse the soul, the deeper she goes into the bowels of the earth, and the worst of all, those of the tyrants and criminals, go down into the deepest region of the Tartarus. King Ardiaeus, for instance, had been sentenced to a punishment of that kind. We have already mentioned many times that Plato's legacy has had the tendency to transfer the underground Hell to the sky. As for the author of this transformation, opinions vary, but many scholars believe that Heraclides Ponticus would be the most likely candidate. Heraclides Ponticus, born at Heraclea on the Pontus between 388-373, frequented the Academy in 364 or before.
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  • Research and Experiment in Early Greek Thought by Tyler Mayo A
    Research and Experiment in Early Greek Thought by Tyler Mayo A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Classical Studies) in the University of Michigan 2019 Doctoral Committee: Professor Francesca Schironi, Chair Professor Sara Ahbel-Rappe Professor Richard Janko Associate Professor Ian Moyer Tyler Edward Mayo [email protected] ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2442-7127 To my mother and father ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First, ad consuetudinem maiorum, I would like to begin by acknowledging and expressing my gratitude to the members of my committee: Professors Richard Janko, Ian Moyer, and Sara Abhel-Rappe. Their suggestions and criticisms helped me to rethink some, and alter other, points within this dissertation to its improvement, and saved me from numerous errors within the text, many of which surely still lurk within these pages and are my responsibility alone. However, I owe a special debt to my chair, Francesca Schironi, whose support not only made this dissertation possible, but who acted as a mentor throughout my entire time at Michigan. Her honesty and counsel were always welcome, and her careful philology can be seen within these pages, although I fear only as an imperfect reflection. Outside Angell Hall, others made my studies in Ann Arbor possible. The Posch family— John, Dyanna, Isabel, and most recently, Jude—acted as a family away from home, not least for their generous hospitality in boarding me. I shall always remember and cherish their ξενία. My wife Liz is certainly owed a place of honor in the beginning of this dissertation. Her support was essential in its creation as in all other things.
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  • Zartaloudis (University of Kent) and Anton Schütz (Birkbeck College, University of London)
    Encounters in Law and Philosophy ENCOUNTERS IN LAW AND PHILOSOPHY S T A S I SERIES EDITORS: Thanos Zartaloudis (University of Kent) and S C Anton Schütz (Birkbeck College, University of London). i v i l This series interrogates, historically and theoretically, the encounters W a r Thanos between philosophy and law. Each volume published takes a unique a s approach and challenges traditional approaches to law and philosophy. a P o l i t i c A new contribution to Agamben’s continuing a ZARTALOUDIS l P genealogy of power a r a d i In this inaugural volume of the Encounters in Law and Philosophy g m series, Giorgio Agamben focuses upon the on-going warfare European THE BIRTH state power has waged against its most malignant enemy: civil war itself. The survival of the State is seen to depend on its ability to preserve the OF NOMOS political community from factional enmity. Agamben first investigates the Athenian theme of ‘Stasis’ – the city’s struggle against internal G I revolt – before turning to a new reading of Hobbes’s Leviathan and its O approach to the peril of the commonwealth’s exposure to civil strife, R G division and revolution. I O At the heart of this book is the issue of state powers in their A G continuous decline – an issue that is key to the renewal of political, A M philosophical and legal thought. B E N Giorgio Agamben is one of the most vigorous thinkers of our time. He is best known for his recent Homo Sacer series of publications interrogating power and biopolitics.
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  • Pythagorean Communities: from Individuals to a Collective Portrait 311
    Hyperboreus Vol.16-17 (2010-2011) “VARIANTE LOQUELLA” Pythagorean Communities: From Individuals to a Collective Portrait 311 Leonid Zhmud PYTHAGOREAN COMMUNITIES: FROM INDIVIDUALS TO A COLLECTIVE PORTRAIT* In the middle of his doxographical discussion of the Pre-Socratic theories, Aristotle makes an interesting psychological remark: It is what we are all inclined to do, to direct our inquiry not by the matter itself, but by the views of our opponents. (De caelo 294 b 5). I think one can hardly fi nd a better motto for the Pythagorean studies of the last two centuries. Most books on Pythagoras and early Pythago- reanism are highly polemical. This includes even such a paragon of objec- tive research as Zeller,1 for he, too, had his own target to attack. This was Röth’s History of Western Philosophy,2 which accepted the entire ancient tradition on Pythagoras as historically reliable. Zeller’s critical approach to the sources razed Röth’s construction to the ground, so that very little remained of Pythagoras. Incidentally, what has remained – the philosophical doctrine that “all is number”, the astronomical theory of the spheres, and the concept of the Central Fire – has nothing in common with Pythagoras. Admittedly, Zeller’s approach per se is sound and his distinction between the classical and the later sources is crucial, indeed. The problem is, however, that the classical authors did exactly what Aristotle said: they were guided not by the matter itself, but by the views of their opponents. Aristotle’s own opponents were the Academics, and this fact had a great impact on his treatment of the Pythagoreans.
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