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Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences the Impact of City Status Changing on Social Welfare in the Community of South Tangeran

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Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences the Impact of City Status Changing on Social Welfare in the Community of South Tangeran Advances In Natural And Applied Sciences 2020 May-August 14(2): pages 123-128 DOI: 10.22587/anas.2020.14.2.16 Research Article AENSI Publications The Impact of City Status Changing on Social Welfare in the Community of South Tangerang Banten Ulfah Fajarini Department of Social Science, Faculty of Educational Sciences, State Islamic University Jakarta Correspondence Author: Ulfah Fajarini, Department of Social Science, Faculty of Educational Sciences, State Islamic University Jakarta E-mail: [email protected] Received date: 22 May 2020 , Accepted date: 22 July 2020, Online date: 22 August 2020 Copyright: © 2020 Ulfah Fajarini. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract The purpose of this study is to scrutinize the effect of status changing of South Tangerang on social welfare in the community related to socio-economic conditions which include: education, health, transportation, employment, income, religion, arts, recreation, and sports. This study used quantitative research method with structured or systematic questions in the form of questionnaires. To complete the data obtained, the researcher also interviewed informants and made observations in the research field. The change of the city status of South Tangerang into an autonomous region has enhanced social welfare of its inhabitants in the fields of education, health, transportation, employment, income, religion, arts, recreation, and sports. Keywords: Social Welfare, Community INTRODUCTION The regional autonomy policy is a form of division of authority between the center and the region, with the aim of more prospering the people and accelerating regional development. The gist of regional autonomy itself is the right, authority, and obligation of the region to regulate and manage its own internal affairs in accordance with applicable laws and regulations, Republic of Indonesia Law No.5 of 1974, concerning the system for the implementation of Regional Autonomy Administration [1]. With the emerging of regional autonomy, the central government gives incredibly wide-ranging authority to regional governments to regulate their regions in accordance with the needs of the region in determining the best policies and programs for the development of the region and improving the welfare of their people. This regional autonomy policy has caused a lot of regional expansion in Indonesia [2]. Regional expansion is the division of provinces, regencies and urban areas into more than one area [3]. To form government areas can be carried out in two types or forms; merging several regions or splitting up a region into two or more regions [4]. Grigg argues that the increasing number of people and the changing livelihood of them, which at the beginning was, mainly, agriculture, have now led to the formation of cities, with various positive and negative impacts [5]. Relevant studies were carried out by Septiaman [6] in Tasikmalaya West Java, Nurasih [7] in Banjar, and also Permana [8] in Tasikmalaya. Similarly, other study was carried by Pebiana Vina [9] entitled Society's Socio- Economic Condition in the Status Change of South Tangerang City. The difference with the focus of my research is, from seven existing sub-districts, only three villages were taken, namely Ciputat in Ciputat Sub-District, Pondok Cabe Ilir in Pamulang Sub-District, and Cirendeu in East Ciputat District. However, my study examined all sub-districts in Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences ISSN-1995-0772 EISSN-1998-1090 Homepage: http://www.aensiweb.com/ANAS/ 124 Citation: Ulfah Fajarini, 2020. The Impact of City Status Changing on Social Welfare in the Community of South Tangerang Banten Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences., 14(2): 123-128. DOI: 10.22587/anas.2020.14.2.16 South Tangerang, seven sub-districts consisting of Setu, Serpong, Pamulang, Ciputat, Ciputat Timur, Pondok Aren, and Serpong Utara. In addition, this study also discussed other aspects of social welfare in the community in term of worship, recreation, arts and sports. Meanwhile, Ricky did not conduct qualitative research methods with in-depth interviews with informants and observations in the research field, unlike how this study was done. Then this research was conducted in 2016. 2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This research used quantitative research methods using structured or systematic questions using questionnaires. To complete the data obtained the researcher also carried out interviews with informants and made observations in the research field. Respondents were chosen on the condition that they had lived in South Tangerang before it became a city in 2008. The next condition was they have lived in South Tangerang for, at a minimum, 10 years. Determination of the number of the samples in this study used the formula proposed by Dixon and B. Leach [10]. 74 respondents were chosen from seven sub-districts; Setu, Serpong, Pamulang, Ciputat, Ciputat Timur, Pondok Aren, and Serpong Utara. 3. RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION According to Arthur Gallion and Simon [11], City is a complex organism as an embodiment of human effort that must serve material and spiritual needs of man himself or a part of land chosen by people as a place to work, study, trade, play or a combination of homes and shops, factories and offices, schools and libraries, meeting places and government centers, post offices and fire service offices, all of which are intertwined by transportation networks, drainage channels, sanitation and communication, united by social ties and economic conditions. Changes in a region and some cities are influenced by the geographical location of a city. Cities can be classified into several types [12], namely: 1) Small town, a city of less than 250,000 people. 2) Medium cities, cities with a population of 500,000-750,000. 3) Big cities, cities inhabited by 750,000-1,250,000 people. 4) Metropolitan cities, cities with populations greater than 1,250,000. 5) Megapolitan city, a city with over 20,000,000 inhabitants. Data from the City of South Tangerang in 2015, it was occupied by 1,593,812 people. Based on the above criteria mentioned, South Tangerang City is a metropolitan city because the population is above 1,250,000 people. South Tangerang was originally part of Tangerang Regency, with the division changing its status to South Tangerang City. South Tangerang City consists of seven sub-districts with a total of 49 urban villages and 5 villages. Rukun Warga (RW) or hamlet is about 572 and Rukun Tetangga (RT) or neighborhood is around 2,996. The subdistrict with the highest number of sub-districts / villages is Pondok Aren while the district with the largest number of RWs and RTs is Pamulang with 129 RWs and 69 RTs. Community welfare indicators related to the socio-economic conditions that will be used in this study include: education, health, transportation, employment, income, religion, arts, recreation, and sports. The level of satisfaction and well-being are two interrelated understandings. The level of satisfaction refers to the state of an individual or group whilst the level of welfare or well-being refers to the state of the community or the wider community. Welfare is an aggregate condition of the satisfaction of individuals. A. Education Based on the research finding gained from respondents regarding the highest formal level of education of the population, it can be seen that those who study in tertiary education and high school had similarities around 23 people or 31.1%. Furthermore, those who study in junior high school were 11 people or 14.9% while those who had elementary education were 17 people or 22.9%. Thus, it can be concluded from the results of questionnaires and interviews that the latest formal education level of the population of the city of South Tangerang that has been taken the most was tertiary education and high schools with 23 people or 31.1%. 125 Citation: Ulfah Fajarini, 2020. The Impact of City Status Changing on Social Welfare in the Community of South Tangerang Banten Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences., 14(2): 123-128. DOI: 10.22587/anas.2020.14.2.16 Regarding the condition of educational facilities in kindergartens up to high schools in South Tangerang City before becoming a city, 3 respondents or 4.1%, answered very sufficient, 16 people or 21.6% answered sufficient, 36 people or 48.6% responded sufficient enough , and 19 people or 25.7% answered less sufficient. So, the condition of educational facilities before becoming a city is adequate. This can be seen from the answers of the respondents, 36 people or 48.6% answered relatively sufficient. While the responses of the respondents regarding the condition of the kindergarten high school educational facilities in the city of South Tangerang after the status changing showed that 15 people or 20.3% voted for very sufficient, 35 people or 47.3% for sufficient, 17 people or 23.0% for moderately sufficient and as 7 people or 9.4% for insufficient. Therefore, it can be concluded from the results of the questionnaire and interviews that the condition of the kindergarten-high school education facilities after becoming a city experienced changes and improvements that were getting better. This can be seen from the answers of the respondents; 35 people with a percentage of 47.3% responded adequate. Thus, it shows a possitive change or improvement after becoming a city The process of enrolling children to schools after becoming a city has experienced this change. It can be observed from the answers of the respondents that 29 respondents or 39.2% felt it was better after South Tangerang became a city compared to that was before. This shows that there has been a regressive change from the changing status of the city of South Tangerang to the process of registering children to schools.
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