Advances In Natural And Applied Sciences
2020 May-August 14(2): pages 123-128 DOI: 10.22587/anas.2020.14.2.16 Research Article AENSI Publications
The Impact of City Status Changing on Social Welfare in the Community of South Tangerang Banten
Ulfah Fajarini
Department of Social Science, Faculty of Educational Sciences, State Islamic University Jakarta
Correspondence Author: Ulfah Fajarini, Department of Social Science, Faculty of Educational Sciences, State Islamic University Jakarta E-mail: [email protected]
Received date: 22 May 2020 , Accepted date: 22 July 2020, Online date: 22 August 2020
Copyright: © 2020 Ulfah Fajarini. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to scrutinize the effect of status changing of South Tangerang on social welfare in the community related to socio-economic conditions which include: education, health, transportation, employment, income, religion, arts, recreation, and sports. This study used quantitative research method with structured or systematic questions in the form of questionnaires. To complete the data obtained, the researcher also interviewed informants and made observations in the research field. The change of the city status of South Tangerang into an autonomous region has enhanced social welfare of its inhabitants in the fields of education, health, transportation, employment, income, religion, arts, recreation, and sports.
Keywords: Social Welfare, Community
INTRODUCTION
The regional autonomy policy is a form of division of authority between the center and the region, with the aim of more prospering the people and accelerating regional development. The gist of regional autonomy itself is the right, authority, and obligation of the region to regulate and manage its own internal affairs in accordance with applicable laws and regulations, Republic of Indonesia Law No.5 of 1974, concerning the system for the implementation of Regional Autonomy Administration [1]. With the emerging of regional autonomy, the central government gives incredibly wide-ranging authority to regional governments to regulate their regions in accordance with the needs of the region in determining the best policies and programs for the development of the region and improving the welfare of their people. This regional autonomy policy has caused a lot of regional expansion in Indonesia [2]. Regional expansion is the division of provinces, regencies and urban areas into more than one area [3]. To form government areas can be carried out in two types or forms; merging several regions or splitting up a region into two or more regions [4]. Grigg argues that the increasing number of people and the changing livelihood of them, which at the beginning was, mainly, agriculture, have now led to the formation of cities, with various positive and negative impacts [5]. Relevant studies were carried out by Septiaman [6] in Tasikmalaya West Java, Nurasih [7] in Banjar, and also Permana [8] in Tasikmalaya. Similarly, other study was carried by Pebiana Vina [9] entitled Society's Socio- Economic Condition in the Status Change of South Tangerang City. The difference with the focus of my research is, from seven existing sub-districts, only three villages were taken, namely Ciputat in Ciputat Sub-District, Pondok Cabe Ilir in Pamulang Sub-District, and Cirendeu in East Ciputat District. However, my study examined all sub-districts in
Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences ISSN-1995-0772 EISSN-1998-1090 Homepage: http://www.aensiweb.com/ANAS/ 124 Citation: Ulfah Fajarini, 2020. The Impact of City Status Changing on Social Welfare in the Community of South Tangerang Banten Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences., 14(2): 123-128. DOI: 10.22587/anas.2020.14.2.16
South Tangerang, seven sub-districts consisting of Setu, Serpong, Pamulang, Ciputat, Ciputat Timur, Pondok Aren, and Serpong Utara. In addition, this study also discussed other aspects of social welfare in the community in term of worship, recreation, arts and sports. Meanwhile, Ricky did not conduct qualitative research methods with in-depth interviews with informants and observations in the research field, unlike how this study was done. Then this research was conducted in 2016. 2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This research used quantitative research methods using structured or systematic questions using questionnaires. To complete the data obtained the researcher also carried out interviews with informants and made observations in the research field. Respondents were chosen on the condition that they had lived in South Tangerang before it became a city in 2008. The next condition was they have lived in South Tangerang for, at a minimum, 10 years. Determination of the number of the samples in this study used the formula proposed by Dixon and B. Leach [10]. 74 respondents were chosen from seven sub-districts; Setu, Serpong, Pamulang, Ciputat, Ciputat Timur, Pondok Aren, and Serpong Utara.
3. RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
According to Arthur Gallion and Simon [11], City is a complex organism as an embodiment of human effort that must serve material and spiritual needs of man himself or a part of land chosen by people as a place to work, study, trade, play or a combination of homes and shops, factories and offices, schools and libraries, meeting places and government centers, post offices and fire service offices, all of which are intertwined by transportation networks, drainage channels, sanitation and communication, united by social ties and economic conditions. Changes in a region and some cities are influenced by the geographical location of a city. Cities can be classified into several types [12], namely: 1) Small town, a city of less than 250,000 people. 2) Medium cities, cities with a population of 500,000-750,000. 3) Big cities, cities inhabited by 750,000-1,250,000 people. 4) Metropolitan cities, cities with populations greater than 1,250,000. 5) Megapolitan city, a city with over 20,000,000 inhabitants. Data from the City of South Tangerang in 2015, it was occupied by 1,593,812 people. Based on the above criteria mentioned, South Tangerang City is a metropolitan city because the population is above 1,250,000 people. South Tangerang was originally part of Tangerang Regency, with the division changing its status to South Tangerang City. South Tangerang City consists of seven sub-districts with a total of 49 urban villages and 5 villages. Rukun Warga (RW) or hamlet is about 572 and Rukun Tetangga (RT) or neighborhood is around 2,996. The subdistrict with the highest number of sub-districts / villages is Pondok Aren while the district with the largest number of RWs and RTs is Pamulang with 129 RWs and 69 RTs. Community welfare indicators related to the socio-economic conditions that will be used in this study include: education, health, transportation, employment, income, religion, arts, recreation, and sports. The level of satisfaction and well-being are two interrelated understandings. The level of satisfaction refers to the state of an individual or group whilst the level of welfare or well-being refers to the state of the community or the wider community. Welfare is an aggregate condition of the satisfaction of individuals. A. Education Based on the research finding gained from respondents regarding the highest formal level of education of the population, it can be seen that those who study in tertiary education and high school had similarities around 23 people or 31.1%. Furthermore, those who study in junior high school were 11 people or 14.9% while those who had elementary education were 17 people or 22.9%. Thus, it can be concluded from the results of questionnaires and interviews that the latest formal education level of the population of the city of South Tangerang that has been taken the most was tertiary education and high schools with 23 people or 31.1%.
125 Citation: Ulfah Fajarini, 2020. The Impact of City Status Changing on Social Welfare in the Community of South Tangerang Banten Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences., 14(2): 123-128. DOI: 10.22587/anas.2020.14.2.16
Regarding the condition of educational facilities in kindergartens up to high schools in South Tangerang City before becoming a city, 3 respondents or 4.1%, answered very sufficient, 16 people or 21.6% answered sufficient, 36 people or 48.6% responded sufficient enough , and 19 people or 25.7% answered less sufficient. So, the condition of educational facilities before becoming a city is adequate. This can be seen from the answers of the respondents, 36 people or 48.6% answered relatively sufficient. While the responses of the respondents regarding the condition of the kindergarten high school educational facilities in the city of South Tangerang after the status changing showed that 15 people or 20.3% voted for very sufficient, 35 people or 47.3% for sufficient, 17 people or 23.0% for moderately sufficient and as 7 people or 9.4% for insufficient. Therefore, it can be concluded from the results of the questionnaire and interviews that the condition of the kindergarten-high school education facilities after becoming a city experienced changes and improvements that were getting better. This can be seen from the answers of the respondents; 35 people with a percentage of 47.3% responded adequate. Thus, it shows a possitive change or improvement after becoming a city The process of enrolling children to schools after becoming a city has experienced this change. It can be observed from the answers of the respondents that 29 respondents or 39.2% felt it was better after South Tangerang became a city compared to that was before. This shows that there has been a regressive change from the changing status of the city of South Tangerang to the process of registering children to schools. B. Health Based on the results of the study that has been done, it shows that the responses of the respondents about the condition of health facilities in South Tangerang before being a city were varies; very good gained 4 responses or 5.4%, good reached 12 people or 16.2%, poor got 31 people or 41.9%, and bad gained 27 people or 36.5%. Responses of respondents to the condition of health facilities (Puskesmas-Hospital) in South Tangerang after becoming a city shows that very sufficient gained 18 people or 24.3%, sufficient got 31 people or 41.9%, moderatly sufficient reached 23 or 31.1%, less sufficient gained 2 people or 2.7%. Accordingly, it can be perceived that after becoming South Tangerang City, there were improvements in the health sector, based on questionnaires and interviews, 41.9% respondents answered sufficient, which before, becoming the City of South Tangerang, it was less sufficient (41.9%). This proves that there is a regressive change from the change in the status of the city of South Tangerang in term of health facilities in the City. C. Transportation Facilities Reffering to the research finding, various responses were made by respondents on the road conditions in South Tangerang before being a city. There were 4 people or 5.4% answered very good, 25 people or 33.8% answered good, 33 people or 44.6% answered poor, and 12 people or 16.2% answered bad. Thus, it can be said that before being a city the transportation was poor. On the other hand, the answers of the respondents regarding the road conditions in the city of South Tangerang after becoming a city were different; 20 people or 27% answered very good, 41 people or 55.4 %% answered good, 12 people or 16.2% answered poor, and 1 person or 1.4% answered bad. Hence, it is cristal clear that the results of the questionnaire and interviews about the road conditions in the city of South Tangerang after becoming a city show a better change. 41 people or 55.4% stated good to the condition of the road in the City of South Tangerang compared to that before being a city. Accordingly, it shows that there is a change towards betterment resulted from the changing status of the City of South Tangerang in term of the existing road conditions in the city. D. Employment Respondents' responses regarding livelihoods or jobs in South Tangerang before changing status were: 7 people or 9.5% accounted for civil servants, 18 people or 24.3% for employees, 23 people or 31.1% for entrepreneur, and 26 people or 35.1% answered others. Therefore, it can be concluded that the livelihoods or jobs in South Tangerang before becoming a city were more to have other jobs or not as civil servants, employees, and entrepreneurs. The number of civil servant is 7 responses or only 9.5% as the lowest while the highest was accounted for others that gained 26 people or 35.1%.
126 Citation: Ulfah Fajarini, 2020. The Impact of City Status Changing on Social Welfare in the Community of South Tangerang Banten Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences., 14(2): 123-128. DOI: 10.22587/anas.2020.14.2.16
Based on the results of the research, it indicates that the jobs of South Tangerang residents after becoming a city were: 4 people or 5.5% as civil servants, 18 people or 24.3% as employees, and 26 people or 35, 1% had other jobs. Thus, it can be concluded that the level or type of work of people in South Tangerang after becoming a city was much more to the entrepreneurial sector and others, since the frequency of the two jobs is the same, 26 people or 35.1%. South Tangerang has become a city of employment opportunities triggering numerous people to be self-employed, opening their own businesses. E. Income Before South Tangerang became a city of 26 people or 40.6% earned > Rp 3,500.00, 18 people or 28.2% earned between Rp 2,000,000 - Rp 3,500.00, a total of 19 people or 29.6% earned between Rp. 1,000,000 - Rp. 2,000,000 and 1 person or 1.6% earned less than Rp. 1,000,000. It can be concluded that, based on the questionnaire data and income interviews, per-month earning before becoming a city was> IDR 3,500,000. This can be seen from the respondents' answers; 26 people or 40.6% answered > Rp 1,500,000. Responses of respondents reagarding the income after becoming a City were: of 37 people or 50% earned > Rp. 3,500,000, 18 people or 24% earned between Rp.2,000,000 - Rp. 3,500,000, 19 people or 25% earned between Rp. 1,000,000 - Rp. 2,000,000 and 1 person or 1% earned
127 Citation: Ulfah Fajarini, 2020. The Impact of City Status Changing on Social Welfare in the Community of South Tangerang Banten Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences., 14(2): 123-128. DOI: 10.22587/anas.2020.14.2.16
The conclusions obtained from the results of the questionnaire and interviews that the highest response went to good (58 or 78.4%), and the lowest was gained by bad (1 or 1.35%). So it was considered good, in term of conducting worship activities, before becoming the City of South Tangerang G. Art Regarding Art facilities, from 74 respondents, those who voted for very good were 4.1%, and 39.2% for good. Moreover, 47.3% of them answered poor, and 35% of them voted for bad. Before South Tangerang became a city, the art facilities for its citizens were not good. After South Tangerang became a city, art facilities for its citizens increased to 13.5%, while before they were only 4.1%. Hence this showed a better change. H. Recreation At the time of vacation, especially, before South Tangerang became a city, recreational facilities in the city were not good for having recreation or entertainment. The resposes gained: 2.7% was very good, 29.7% was good, 54% poor, and 13.5% bad. That was the situation and condition of the recreational spots before South Tangerang became a city. After becoming a city, the recreational facilities in the city were very good for carrying out recreation or entertainment by the time of vacation; very good 23%, good 47%, poor 26%, and bad 4%. Based on the study outcomes, it delineates the responses of respondents regarding recreational facilities in South Tangerang before becoming a city: 3 people or 4.05% for very good, 33 people or 44.60% for good, 31 people or 41.90% for poor, and 7 people or 9.45% voted for bad. However, after becoming a city it chaged dramatically; 65% of respondents voted for Good, which before was only 44.6%. I. Sports facilities On one hand, the condition of sports facilities before South Tangerang became a city of 9.46% respondents voted for very good, 54.06% for good, 32.4% for poor, and 4.054% selected bad. On the other hand, respondents' responses regarding sports facilities, after becoming a city, were: 18 people or 24.4% answered very good, 32 people or 43.2% responded good, 21 people or 28.4% answered poor, and 3 people or 4% selected bad. It can be concluded that there was a significat increase in the Sports Facilities of South Tangerang City. At first, very good, which gained only 7 respondents or 9.46%, rose up to 18 respondents or 24.4%. Based on the results of the research that I have done, the responses of respondents regarding sports facilities at this time or after changing the city status were: 7 people or 9.4% answered very easy, 47 people or 63.5% responded easy, 19 people or 25.8% answered difficult, and 1 person only or 1.3% was very difficult. It can be concluded that before becoming the City of South Tangerang, to do sport activities was easy. it can be seen from the respondents' data (for easy) reaching 47 people or 63.5% being the highest, while the lowest according to the results of the questionnaire and interviews on the assessment was very difficult; 1 respondent or equal to 0,01%. Meanwhile after changing the status of the city, the responses of respondents regarding sports facilities were 18 people or 24.3% voted for very easy, 33 people or 44.6% for easy, 21 people or 28.4% for difficult, and 2 people or 2.7% for very difficult. Thus the sports activities in the city of South Tangerang experienced a sigificant change with an increase in the percentage of very easy from only 7 respondents or 9.4% to 18 respondents or 24.3%.
4. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
4.1. Conclusion In accordance with the purpose of research writing, to determine the impact of changing status of South Tangerang City on social welfare in the community, and based on all data analysis obtained, The author concludes that the status changing of South Tangerang City into an autonomous region has led the authority to significantly perform its duties, in line with the dignified intentions to prosper people having not been touched by the central government. The people welfares that have undergone an improvement in social welfare indicators in the community are education, health, transportation, employment, income, religion, arts, recreation and sports.
128 Citation: Ulfah Fajarini, 2020. The Impact of City Status Changing on Social Welfare in the Community of South Tangerang Banten Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences., 14(2): 123-128. DOI: 10.22587/anas.2020.14.2.16
4.2. Recommendation: Social welfare in the community of South Tangerang will increase if the regional authority is creative and facilitates all forms of activities in the region, especially in the economic field, ensuring sustainable business, stable local politics. It is due to businessmen wish for local political certainty and stability. Local government must also be more sensitive to labor, gender and environmental issues.
Acknowledgements The author would like to thank to the regional government of South Tangerang and the respondents from the community who were willing to help the author in carrying out the research. The author would like to thank Ricky Pratama Putra, who has helped in processing the data.
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