2018 Conference Syllabus
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Fungal Infections from Human and Animal Contact
Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews Volume 4 Issue 2 Article 4 4-25-2017 Fungal Infections From Human and Animal Contact Dennis J. Baumgardner Follow this and additional works at: https://aurora.org/jpcrr Part of the Bacterial Infections and Mycoses Commons, Infectious Disease Commons, and the Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases Commons Recommended Citation Baumgardner DJ. Fungal infections from human and animal contact. J Patient Cent Res Rev. 2017;4:78-89. doi: 10.17294/2330-0698.1418 Published quarterly by Midwest-based health system Advocate Aurora Health and indexed in PubMed Central, the Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews (JPCRR) is an open access, peer-reviewed medical journal focused on disseminating scholarly works devoted to improving patient-centered care practices, health outcomes, and the patient experience. REVIEW Fungal Infections From Human and Animal Contact Dennis J. Baumgardner, MD Aurora University of Wisconsin Medical Group, Aurora Health Care, Milwaukee, WI; Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; Center for Urban Population Health, Milwaukee, WI Abstract Fungal infections in humans resulting from human or animal contact are relatively uncommon, but they include a significant proportion of dermatophyte infections. Some of the most commonly encountered diseases of the integument are dermatomycoses. Human or animal contact may be the source of all types of tinea infections, occasional candidal infections, and some other types of superficial or deep fungal infections. This narrative review focuses on the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of anthropophilic dermatophyte infections primarily found in North America. -
Introduction to Mycology
INTRODUCTION TO MYCOLOGY The term "mycology" is derived from Greek word "mykes" meaning mushroom. Therefore mycology is the study of fungi. The ability of fungi to invade plant and animal tissue was observed in early 19th century but the first documented animal infection by any fungus was made by Bassi, who in 1835 studied the muscardine disease of silkworm and proved the that the infection was caused by a fungus Beauveria bassiana. In 1910 Raymond Sabouraud published his book Les Teignes, which was a comprehensive study of dermatophytic fungi. He is also regarded as father of medical mycology. Importance of fungi: Fungi inhabit almost every niche in the environment and humans are exposed to these organisms in various fields of life. Beneficial Effects of Fungi: 1. Decomposition - nutrient and carbon recycling. 2. Biosynthetic factories. The fermentation property is used for the industrial production of alcohols, fats, citric, oxalic and gluconic acids. 3. Important sources of antibiotics, such as Penicillin. 4. Model organisms for biochemical and genetic studies. Eg: Neurospora crassa 5. Saccharomyces cerviciae is extensively used in recombinant DNA technology, which includes the Hepatitis B Vaccine. 6. Some fungi are edible (mushrooms). 7. Yeasts provide nutritional supplements such as vitamins and cofactors. 8. Penicillium is used to flavour Roquefort and Camembert cheeses. 9. Ergot produced by Claviceps purpurea contains medically important alkaloids that help in inducing uterine contractions, controlling bleeding and treating migraine. 10. Fungi (Leptolegnia caudate and Aphanomyces laevis) are used to trap mosquito larvae in paddy fields and thus help in malaria control. Harmful Effects of Fungi: 1. -
Distribution of Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases in Fungi and Conservation of the Free- 2 Methionine-R-Sulfoxide Reductase in Multicellular Eukaryotes
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.26.433065; this version posted February 27, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Distribution of methionine sulfoxide reductases in fungi and conservation of the free- 2 methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase in multicellular eukaryotes 3 4 Hayat Hage1, Marie-Noëlle Rosso1, Lionel Tarrago1,* 5 6 From: 1Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, UMR1163, INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, 7 Marseille, France. 8 *Correspondence: Lionel Tarrago ([email protected]) 9 10 Running title: Methionine sulfoxide reductases in fungi 11 12 Keywords: fungi, genome, horizontal gene transfer, methionine sulfoxide, methionine sulfoxide 13 reductase, protein oxidation, thiol oxidoreductase. 14 15 Highlights: 16 • Free and protein-bound methionine can be oxidized into methionine sulfoxide (MetO). 17 • Methionine sulfoxide reductases (Msr) reduce MetO in most organisms. 18 • Sequence characterization and phylogenomics revealed strong conservation of Msr in fungi. 19 • fRMsr is widely conserved in unicellular and multicellular fungi. 20 • Some msr genes were acquired from bacteria via horizontal gene transfers. 21 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.26.433065; this version posted February 27, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. -
Fungal Planet Description Sheets: 716–784 By: P.W
Fungal Planet description sheets: 716–784 By: P.W. Crous, M.J. Wingfield, T.I. Burgess, G.E.St.J. Hardy, J. Gené, J. Guarro, I.G. Baseia, D. García, L.F.P. Gusmão, C.M. Souza-Motta, R. Thangavel, S. Adamčík, A. Barili, C.W. Barnes, J.D.P. Bezerra, J.J. Bordallo, J.F. Cano-Lira, R.J.V. de Oliveira, E. Ercole, V. Hubka, I. Iturrieta-González, A. Kubátová, M.P. Martín, P.-A. Moreau, A. Morte, M.E. Ordoñez, A. Rodríguez, A.M. Stchigel, A. Vizzini, J. Abdollahzadeh, V.P. Abreu, K. Adamčíková, G.M.R. Albuquerque, A.V. Alexandrova, E. Álvarez Duarte, C. Armstrong-Cho, S. Banniza, R.N. Barbosa, J.-M. Bellanger, J.L. Bezerra, T.S. Cabral, M. Caboň, E. Caicedo, T. Cantillo, A.J. Carnegie, L.T. Carmo, R.F. Castañeda-Ruiz, C.R. Clement, A. Čmoková, L.B. Conceição, R.H.S.F. Cruz, U. Damm, B.D.B. da Silva, G.A. da Silva, R.M.F. da Silva, A.L.C.M. de A. Santiago, L.F. de Oliveira, C.A.F. de Souza, F. Déniel, B. Dima, G. Dong, J. Edwards, C.R. Félix, J. Fournier, T.B. Gibertoni, K. Hosaka, T. Iturriaga, M. Jadan, J.-L. Jany, Ž. Jurjević, M. Kolařík, I. Kušan, M.F. Landell, T.R. Leite Cordeiro, D.X. Lima, M. Loizides, S. Luo, A.R. Machado, H. Madrid, O.M.C. Magalhães, P. Marinho, N. Matočec, A. Mešić, A.N. Miller, O.V. Morozova, R.P. Neves, K. Nonaka, A. Nováková, N.H. -
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), 1-23 Aspergillosis In, 16-18
Index Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome enzyme activities and, 336-339 (AIDS), 1-23 fatty acid synthesis and, 334-336 aspergillosis in, 16-18 ergosterol synthesis inhibition by, candidiasis in, 6-11 316-320 coccidioidomycosis in, 15--16 membrane and cell functions and 14 cryptococcosis in, 11-15 alpha-methylsterol effects, 326- histoplasmosis in, 15--16 329 host resistance in, 6 membrane lipid interactions of, 339- immunofluorescent staining for tissue 341 section in, 4-5 selective toxicity of, 325--326 Malassezia furfur in, 21 Antigen nocardiosis in, 18-20 of Aspergillus fumigatus, 198-199 pathologic diagnosis in, 3-4 advancing line immunoelectrophoresis Actinomyces, monoclonal antibodies in, for, 176 196 of Blastomyces dermatitidis, 199 Adriamycin, 133 of Candida albicans, 199-200 Adrucil, 133 of Coccidioides immitis, 200 Aerosporin, 114 of Cryptococcus neoformans, 200--201 Alkeran, 133 crossed immunoelectrophoresis for, Amantadine HCI, 140 174-175 Amikacin sulfate, 107 crossed-tandon immunoelectrophoresis Amikin,107 for, 176-178 Aminoglycoside, 106f, 107 of dermatophyte, 201 Aminosalicylic acid, 123-124 of Histoplasma capsulatum, 201-202 Amphotericin B, 127 methods for determining chemical na- Ancobon, 127-128 ture of, 180 Antifungal agents, systemic, 126f, 127- monitoring isolation of, 176-181 129 rocket immunoelectrophoresis for, 176 Antifungal azole derivatives, 313-351 of Sporothrix schenckii, 202 cytochrome P-450 interation with, of zygomycetes, 202 320--323 Antineoplastic agents, 131-135, 132f,134t ergosterol depletion effects -
Citric Acid and Itaconic Acid Accumulation: Variations of the Same Story?
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-018-09607-9 MINI-REVIEW Citric acid and itaconic acid accumulation: variations of the same story? Levente Karaffa 1 & Christian P. Kubicek2,3 Received: 5 December 2018 /Revised: 28 December 2018 /Accepted: 28 December 2018 # The Author(s) 2019 Abstract Citric acid production by Aspergillus niger and itaconic acid production by Aspergillus terreus are two major examples of technical scale fungal fermentations based on metabolic overflow of primary metabolism. Both organic acids are formed by the same metabolic pathway, but whereas citric acid is the end product in A. niger, A. terreus performs two additional enzymatic steps leading to itaconic acid. Despite of this high similarity, the optimization of the production process and the mechanism and regulation of overflow of these two acids has mostly been investigated independently, thereby ignoring respective knowledge from the other. In this review, we will highlight where the similarities and the real differences of these two processes occur, which involves various aspects of medium composition, metabolic regulation and compartmentation, transcriptional regulation, and gene evolution. These comparative data may facilitate further investigations of citric acid and itaconic acid accumulation and may contribute to improvements in their industrial production. Keywords Aspergillus niger . Aspergillus terreus . Citric acid . Itaconic acid . Submerged fermentation . Overflow metabolism Introduction terreus—was patented in the next decade (Kane et al. 1945). Before World War II, organic acid manufacturing was exclu- Citric acid (2-hydroxy-propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid) sively performed by the labor-intensive and relatively low- and itaconic acid (2-methylene-succinic acid or 2- yield surface method (Doelger and Prescott 1934;Calam methylidenebutanedioic acid) are the most well-known exam- et al. -
Aspergillus Serratalhadensis Fungal Planet Description Sheets 263
262 Persoonia – Volume 40, 2018 Aspergillus serratalhadensis Fungal Planet description sheets 263 Fungal Planet 720 – 13 July 2018 Aspergillus serratalhadensis L.F. Oliveira, R.N. Barbosa, G.M.R. Albuquerque, Souza-Motta, Viana Marques, sp. nov. Etymology. serratalhadensis, refers to the Brazilian city Serra Talhada, new species Aspergillus serratalhadensis is a distinct lineage the location of the ex-type strain of this species. which belongs to Aspergillus section Nigri, clustering in the Classification — Aspergillaceae, Eurotiales, Eurotiomycetes. A. aculeatus clade. The BLASTn analysis showed low similar- ity of BenA sequences: A. aculeatus (GenBank HE577806.1; On MEA: Stipes brown, smooth, (200–)250–400(–500) × 8– 93 %) and A. brunneoviolaceus (GenBank EF661105.1; 92 %). 9(–10) μm; conidial heads pale to dark brown; uniseriate; vesicle For CmD low similarities were found to A. aculeatus (Gen- subglobose to globose, (32–)50 × 50(–42) μm diam; phialides Bank FN594542.1; 90 %) and A. brunneoviolaceus (GenBank flask-shaped and covering the entire surface of the vesicle, EF661147.1; 90 %). Aspergillus serratalhadensis and these measuring (1.5–)2 × 1.5(–2) µm; conidia globose occasionally two species are uniseriate. However, in A. brunneoviolaceus subglobose, rough-walled to echinulate, brown-black in mass, the conidia are globose to ellipsoidal, smooth, slightly rough- 5(–6.5) μm diam including ornamentation. ened, 3.5–4.5(–6) × 3.5–4.5(–5) μm diam, with a spherical Culture characteristics — (in the dark, 25 °C after 7 d): Colo- vesicle, (30–)35–70(–90) μm diam. In A. aculeatus conidia nies on MEA 54–56 mm diam, sporulating dark brown to black, were spherical, smooth, slightly roughened, 4.9–5.4 μm diam, mycelium white, floccose, exudate absent, no soluble pigments, with a spherical vesicle, 60–63 μm diam (Klich 2002, Jurjević reverse brownish to buff. -
Mining of Cryptic Secondary Metabolism in Aspergillus
Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Oct 10, 2021 Mining of Cryptic Secondary Metabolism in Aspergillus Guo, Yaojie Publication date: 2020 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link back to DTU Orbit Citation (APA): Guo, Y. (2020). Mining of Cryptic Secondary Metabolism in Aspergillus. DTU Bioengineering. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Mining of Cryptic Secondary Metabolism in Aspergillus O O O N R HN O N N N O O O OH OH O O OH OH OH O OH O OH OH OH OH HO O OH OH O OH OH OH O Yaojie Guo PhD Thesis Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine Technical University of Denmark September 2020 Mining of Cryptic Secondary Metabolism in Aspergillus Yaojie Guo PhD Thesis Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine Technical University of Denmark September 2020 Supervisors: Professor Thomas Ostenfeld Larsen Professor Uffe Hasbro Mortensen Preface This thesis is submitted to the Technical University of Denmark (Danmarks Tekniske Universitet, DTU) in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. -
Prevalence & Distribution of Keratinophilic Fungi in Relation To
African Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 6(42), pp. 6973-6977, 6 November, 2012 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJMR DOI: 10.5897/AJMR12.897 ISSN 1996-0808 ©2012 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper A descriptive study of keratinophilic fungal flora of animal and bird habitat, Jaipur, Rajasthan Neetu Jain* and Meenakshi Sharma Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur India. Accepted 30 May, 2012 Keratinophilic fungi occur abundantly in the superficial soil layer of landfills and their surrounding. Forty seven soil samples of animal (37 samples) and bird (10 samples) habitats from different localities of Jaipur District were collected for the estimation of keratinophilic fungi using the hair baiting technique. Seventy five isolates belonging to 14 genera and 20 species were reported. Soil pH range varies from 6.5 to 10.5. But most of the fungi (33.33%) were isolated from neutral soil (pH 7.0). Chrysosporium tropicum (25.33%) was the predominant fungi isolated from both habitats soil. This was followed by the predominance of Trichophyton terrestre (12%), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (9.3%), C. indicum (5.33%), Actinomyces sp. (6.67%), and Nocardia sp. (6.67%) in both habitats. Interestingly, Exserophilum sp., Microsporum audouinii, Trichophyton verrucosum were isolated for the first time from Jaipur India. Key words: Dermatophytes, Trichophyton, Microsporum, Chrysosporium, soil fungi. INTRODUCTION Keratinophilic fungi include a variety of filamentous fungi may be exploited for their biotechnological potential in mainly comprising of hyphomycetes and several other industry (Kaul and Sumbali, 1999). Keratinophilic fungi taxonomic groups. Hypomycetes include dermatophytes are generally considered as soil saprophytes (Ajello, and a great variety of non dermatophytic filamentous 1953). -
Fungal Infections (Mycoses): Dermatophytoses (Tinea, Ringworm)
Editorial | Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal Fungal Infections (Mycoses): Dermatophytoses (Tinea, Ringworm) Reddy KR Professor & Head Microbiology Department Gandaki Medical College & Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal Medical Mycology, a study of fungal epidemiology, ecology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention and treatment in human beings, is a newly recognized discipline of biomedical sciences, advancing rapidly. Earlier, the fungi were believed to be mere contaminants, commensals or nonpathogenic agents but now these are commonly recognized as medically relevant organisms causing potentially fatal diseases. The discipline of medical mycology attained recognition as an independent medical speciality in the world sciences in 1910 when French dermatologist Journal of Raymond Jacques Adrien Sabouraud (1864 - 1936) published his seminal treatise Les Teignes. This monumental work was a comprehensive account of most of then GANDAKI known dermatophytes, which is still being referred by the mycologists. Thus he MEDICAL referred as the “Father of Medical Mycology”. COLLEGE- has laid down the foundation of the field of Medical Mycology. He has been aptly There are significant developments in treatment modalities of fungal infections NEPAL antifungal agent available. Nystatin was discovered in 1951 and subsequently and we have achieved new prospects. However, till 1950s there was no specific (J-GMC-N) amphotericin B was introduced in 1957 and was sanctioned for treatment of human beings. In the 1970s, the field was dominated by the azole derivatives. J-GMC-N | Volume 10 | Issue 01 developed to treat fungal infections. By the end of the 20th century, the fungi have Now this is the most active field of interest, where potential drugs are being January-June 2017 been reported to be developing drug resistance, especially among yeasts. -
Lists of Names in Aspergillus and Teleomorphs As Proposed by Pitt and Taylor, Mycologia, 106: 1051-1062, 2014 (Doi: 10.3852/14-0
Lists of names in Aspergillus and teleomorphs as proposed by Pitt and Taylor, Mycologia, 106: 1051-1062, 2014 (doi: 10.3852/14-060), based on retypification of Aspergillus with A. niger as type species John I. Pitt and John W. Taylor, CSIRO Food and Nutrition, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia and Dept of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102, USA Preamble The lists below set out the nomenclature of Aspergillus and its teleomorphs as they would become on acceptance of a proposal published by Pitt and Taylor (2014) to change the type species of Aspergillus from A. glaucus to A. niger. The central points of the proposal by Pitt and Taylor (2014) are that retypification of Aspergillus on A. niger will make the classification of fungi with Aspergillus anamorphs: i) reflect the great phenotypic diversity in sexual morphology, physiology and ecology of the clades whose species have Aspergillus anamorphs; ii) respect the phylogenetic relationship of these clades to each other and to Penicillium; and iii) preserve the name Aspergillus for the clade that contains the greatest number of economically important species. Specifically, of the 11 teleomorph genera associated with Aspergillus anamorphs, the proposal of Pitt and Taylor (2014) maintains the three major teleomorph genera – Eurotium, Neosartorya and Emericella – together with Chaetosartorya, Hemicarpenteles, Sclerocleista and Warcupiella. Aspergillus is maintained for the important species used industrially and for manufacture of fermented foods, together with all species producing major mycotoxins. The teleomorph genera Fennellia, Petromyces, Neocarpenteles and Neopetromyces are synonymised with Aspergillus. The lists below are based on the List of “Names in Current Use” developed by Pitt and Samson (1993) and those listed in MycoBank (www.MycoBank.org), plus extensive scrutiny of papers publishing new species of Aspergillus and associated teleomorph genera as collected in Index of Fungi (1992-2104). -
The New Species Concept in Dermatophytes—A Polyphasic Approach
Mycopathologia DOI 10.1007/s11046-008-9099-y The New Species Concept in Dermatophytes—a Polyphasic Approach Yvonne Gra¨ser Æ James Scott Æ Richard Summerbell Received: 15 October 2007 / Accepted: 30 January 2008 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008 Abstract The dermatophytes are among the most among these are the cosmopolitan bane of nails and frequently observed organisms in biomedicine, yet feet, Trichophyton rubrum, and the endemic African there has never been stability in the taxonomy, agent of childhood tinea capitis, Trichophyton identification and naming of the approximately 25 soudanense, which are effectively inseparable in all pathogenic species involved. Since the identification analyses. The molecular data require some reinter- of these species is often epidemiologically and pretation of results seen in conventional phenotypic ethically important, the difficulties in dermatophyte tests, but in most cases, phylogenetic insight is identification are a fruitful topic for modern molec- readily integrated with current laboratory testing ular biological investigation, done in tandem with procedures. renewed investigation of phenotypic characters. Molecular phylogenetic analyses such as multilocus Keywords Dermatophytes Á Taxonomy Á sequence typing have had to be tailored to accom- Molecular identification Á modate differing the mechanisms of speciation that Morphological identification Á Species concept have produced the dermatophytes that are commonly seen today. Even so, some biotypes that were unambiguously considered species in the past, based Introduction: Why Dermatophyte Biosystematics on profound differences in morphology and pattern of and Identification are Important (Medical infection, appear consistently not to be distinct and Scientific Aspects) species in modern molecular analyses. Most notable The dermatophytes belong to the small category of disease organisms that almost every human alive will Y.