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Material for your English session

The power of Money vs. Data & Science in Major League

Evil empire (Yankees) vs. Money ball (Athletics)

Ringle Great people. Great conversation. Great English. Just for you. 0 본 자료는 저작권 법에 의해 보호되는 저작물로, Ringle 사에 저작권이 존재합니다. 해당 자료에 대한 무단 복제/배포를 금하며, 해당 자료로 수익을 얻거나 이에 상응하는 혜택을 누릴 시 Ringle 과 사전 협의가 없는 경우 고소/고발 조치 될 수 있습니다. This material is exclusively prepared for Ringle customers

Required preparations before the session (For Student)

 Step 1: Please read the summary (Written in English on page 2)

 Step 2: Please read today’s article (on page 3~11)

 Article #1: The Man Behind Moneyball: The Story

 Article #2: Yankees are still baseball's evil empire

 Step 3: Please view the following video clips(links on page 12)

 #1 Video: Billy Beane talks to Sports Analytics TV

 #2 Video: Economics: Big-money contracts

 Step 4: Please check the 9 key questions listed on page 13~16

 Step 5: Please study the key business & baseball-related key expressions and terms on page 17~22

 Step 6: Please finish the 2 assignments before the session

 Assignment #1: Prepare a brief summary of this article (up to 2 minutes presentation)

 Assignment #2: Build your own perspectives and short answers for each key question (up to 1~2 minutes speech for each question)

1 본 자료는 저작권 법에 의해 보호되는 저작물로, Ringle 사에 저작권이 존재합니다. 해당 자료에 대한 무단 복제/배포를 금하며, 해당 자료로 수익을 얻거나 이에 상응하는 혜택을 누릴 시 Ringle 과 사전 협의가 없는 경우 고소/고발 조치 될 수 있습니다. This material is exclusively prepared for Ringle customers

[Summary]

NY Yankees is often compared to . NY Yankees is the baseball empire with the largest team salary pool among MLB teams. Athletics on the other hand is on the opposite spectrum from Yankees in terms of financials. It has a moderate sized team salary pool but it has been performing extremely well for the past ten years. Athletics focuses on statistical analysis and scouts players with high cost-to-performance value.

These small-budget teams have been performing well in MLB in recent years and the saying “you cannot buy wins” seems to be true. with one of the smallest team budgets reached World Series. Oakland Athletics finished first in its division, outperforming both and LA Angels. NY Yankees and , two wealthiest team in MLB, both failed to reach World Series last year.

But a team’s performance is not strictly correlated to its value and revenue in MLB. LA Dodgers, NY Yankees, Boston Red Sox are not necessarily the best in their division but their team value and revenue is much higher than low-cost-high-performance teams like Oakland Athletics. Audience wants to watch a team with a start player. So, a team with star players gets a big television deals. With the revenue from the deals the team can keep buying start players and thus sustain the virtuous cycle.

After all, the goal of pro sports team is to be loved by its fans.

Which type of team will fans like more? Is it possible to be a high valued team with a small budget? What about KLB teams?

Use your Ringle sessions to exchange opinions with Ringle tutors.

2 본 자료는 저작권 법에 의해 보호되는 저작물로, Ringle 사에 저작권이 존재합니다. 해당 자료에 대한 무단 복제/배포를 금하며, 해당 자료로 수익을 얻거나 이에 상응하는 혜택을 누릴 시 Ringle 과 사전 협의가 없는 경우 고소/고발 조치 될 수 있습니다. This material is exclusively prepared for Ringle customers

[Today’s article #1]

The Man Behind Moneyball: The Billy Beane Story

(Journal published at 2015, February 24th on The Domosphere)

[1] He’s a household name. [2] And we’re thrilled to announce that he is going to be a keynote speaker at Domopalooza next month.

Billy Beane, the baseball general manager whose story was the subject of Michael Lewis’ bestselling book Moneyball: [3] The Art of Winning an Unfair Game and who was portrayed by Brad Pitt in the film adaptation, is no stranger to algorithms.

Facing one of the smallest budgets for player salaries of any team in baseball in 2002, the Oakland A’s were in a bind. [4] Beane, the team’s general manager, was fed up with his inability to outbid other teams for good players. [5] He reached out to Paul DePodesta, a Harvard alum with a background in economics who had a knack for . [6] The two of them used Bill James-style advanced statistics to take a second look at how the team was scouting talent.

[7] Beane and DePodesta set about mining decades of data on hundreds of individual players in order to figure out the best strategy for recruiting good players. Their analysis revealed that baseball scouts were overlooking statistics that could accurately predict how many runs a player would score. In short, scouts were clueless when it came to accurately valuing talent.

3 본 자료는 저작권 법에 의해 보호되는 저작물로, Ringle 사에 저작권이 존재합니다. 해당 자료에 대한 무단 복제/배포를 금하며, 해당 자료로 수익을 얻거나 이에 상응하는 혜택을 누릴 시 Ringle 과 사전 협의가 없는 경우 고소/고발 조치 될 수 있습니다. This material is exclusively prepared for Ringle customers

Drawing from these conclusions, Beane realized that players who scored high on these overlooked statistics were probably undervalued by the bidding market. [8] He began seeking out these “bargain” players, or players who were flying under the radar of other teams but whose statistics suggested that they would score runs.

[9] Despite pushback from baseball scouts, Beane pulled the trigger on his radical new strategy for acquiring players. [10] Beane bet big time on analytics and his efforts paid off. The A’s started to win, even against baseball teams that had much larger budgets. [11] The team became the first team in over 100 years of American League baseball to win 20 consecutive games.

The Billy Beane story is one of the best-known data analytics case studies. Since the stodgy MLB machine woke up to the power of statistics, the science of player evaluation and recruiting has changed drastically. For instance, in-game data analysis has yielded insights about baseball pitchers and their tendencies to throw certain pitches in certain situations.

[12] In the decade that has passed since the A’s legendary season, sports teams have been integrating statistical analysis into the way they play.

We’ve written previously about how big data insights shaped the 2014 World Cup in Brazil last year. Most notably, FIFA employed goal-line technology to determine whether a ball had passed the goal plane, allowing teams to settle disputed goals more fairly. In addition, many soccer teams used heat maps to analyze the movement of players on the field. Beane has been credited with helping to pioneer the entire field of sports analytics.

4 본 자료는 저작권 법에 의해 보호되는 저작물로, Ringle 사에 저작권이 존재합니다. 해당 자료에 대한 무단 복제/배포를 금하며, 해당 자료로 수익을 얻거나 이에 상응하는 혜택을 누릴 시 Ringle 과 사전 협의가 없는 경우 고소/고발 조치 될 수 있습니다. This material is exclusively prepared for Ringle customers

“The one constant in the future of sports will be the game that is played between the lines,” wrote Beane in a recent WSJ op-ed. “Baseball, in particular, embraces historical continuity. But what drives the game – those who play it, how their play is evaluated, and those who make the evaluations – will fundamentally change.”

Beane envisions a world in which sports are no longer an exclusive club of insiders. [13] Technology, he argues, is driving sports towards greater diversity and increased access.

“Technology will transform the social fabric of sport,” Beane writes.

[The bars below show average wins per regular season and the circles show the average wins per season per $ spent. Use the filter to explore the A’s performance before and after Beane became the team's general manager]

As a cultural icon, Billy Beane may be the most famous general manager in sports history. Not only did he beat the system using statistical analysis, but he helped an entire industry reevaluate the way it was making decisions about how to win big.

Source of Article: https://www.domo.com/blog/2015/02/the-man-behind-moneyball-the-billy-beane-story

5 본 자료는 저작권 법에 의해 보호되는 저작물로, Ringle 사에 저작권이 존재합니다. 해당 자료에 대한 무단 복제/배포를 금하며, 해당 자료로 수익을 얻거나 이에 상응하는 혜택을 누릴 시 Ringle 과 사전 협의가 없는 경우 고소/고발 조치 될 수 있습니다. This material is exclusively prepared for Ringle customers

[Compare team salaries by position]

6 본 자료는 저작권 법에 의해 보호되는 저작물로, Ringle 사에 저작권이 존재합니다. 해당 자료에 대한 무단 복제/배포를 금하며, 해당 자료로 수익을 얻거나 이에 상응하는 혜택을 누릴 시 Ringle 과 사전 협의가 없는 경우 고소/고발 조치 될 수 있습니다. This material is exclusively prepared for Ringle customers

[Total value and revenue of each MLB Team. One key takeaway is the amount of value & revenue is not matched with team performance]

7 본 자료는 저작권 법에 의해 보호되는 저작물로, Ringle 사에 저작권이 존재합니다. 해당 자료에 대한 무단 복제/배포를 금하며, 해당 자료로 수익을 얻거나 이에 상응하는 혜택을 누릴 시 Ringle 과 사전 협의가 없는 경우 고소/고발 조치 될 수 있습니다. This material is exclusively prepared for Ringle customers

[Today’s article #2]

Yankees are still baseball's evil empire

(Journal published at 2014, January 22th on ESPN)

This is the organization we love to hate: spending $155 million on and $153 million on Jacoby Ellsbury and at least $85 million on Brian McCann and another $45 million on Carlos Beltran, plus some pocket change on the likes of Matt Thornton, Kelly Johnson and Brendan Ryan. Not to mention re-signing Hiroki Kuroda and . The Bronx Bankrollers have spent $491 million this offseason. It's almost like George is back in charge.

As baseball fans, this is what we need. Last year's version of the Yankees was an embarrassment. [14] Sure, they somehow scratched out 85 wins, but they played guys like Jayson Nix, Vernon Wells, David Adams and Zoilo Almonte. Ten different players started at third base, including Luis Cruz, , Brent Lillibridge and Alberto Gonzalez. You can't dislike that kind of team. That kind of team is boring and irrelevant.

That's not what we want from the Yankees. [15] We need reasons to despise, reasons to cheer when they lose, reasons to rant and rave that our favorite team can't compete on the same level. Money is the root of all evil. In baseball, in sports, we need the bad guy. The Yankees are the bad guys.

8 본 자료는 저작권 법에 의해 보호되는 저작물로, Ringle 사에 저작권이 존재합니다. 해당 자료에 대한 무단 복제/배포를 금하며, 해당 자료로 수익을 얻거나 이에 상응하는 혜택을 누릴 시 Ringle 과 사전 협의가 없는 경우 고소/고발 조치 될 수 있습니다. This material is exclusively prepared for Ringle customers

Why did we all love the Pirates so much last year? Because they weren't the Yankees. Without payroll disparity, we can't fawn over the genius of Billy Beane or romance about how smart the Rays are.

Without the Yankees signing all these free agents and making the postseason, we're reduced to watching the playoffs without a rooting interest unless our team is in it.

[Super stars of Yankees in early 2000. That's what Yankees’ fans want from the Yankees]

So now we have reasons to care. We'll be anticipating every Tanaka start. How good will he be? Is he really some cross of Yu Darvish, Curt Schilling and Zack Greinke? Is he merely a slightly better version of Hisashi Iwakuma? [16]Will the pressure and big money get to him? Every start will be worth watching.

Jeter is back, maybe for one last season. [17] He's been a great player, an all-timer, a Hall of Famer. And we'll get to hear it all season long. By June, we're going to be so sick of Jeter -- whether he's hitting .185, .255 or .325, he'll be a huge story -- that we'll be yearning for those days when he was but a young kid without celebrity girlfriends and those shots of his parents in the stands were cute and an endearing.

There's Ellsbury. The new Wade Boggs, Roger Clemens and Johnny Damon. The traitor who turned his back on Boston. There's McCann, a guy who takes the whole "play the game the right way" approach to

9 본 자료는 저작권 법에 의해 보호되는 저작물로, Ringle 사에 저작권이 존재합니다. 해당 자료에 대한 무단 복제/배포를 금하며, 해당 자료로 수익을 얻거나 이에 상응하는 혜택을 누릴 시 Ringle 과 사전 협의가 없는 경우 고소/고발 조치 될 수 있습니다. This material is exclusively prepared for Ringle customers

obnoxious levels. Braves fans loved him, NL East rivals loathed him. Can't wait to see the first time he yells at Joe Maddon. The best thing about all this? The Yankees aren't even a lock to make the playoffs. CC Sabathia wasn't that good last year. Kuroda turns 39 next month. The bullpen has some gaps after the retirement of Mariano Rivera. Jeter turns 40 in June. [18] You can guess how many teams have made the playoffs with a 40-year-old shortstop. Ellsbury has been injury-prone. has to come back from his wrist injuries. Are the Yankees really counting on Brian Roberts to play second base? It's a good team but one with flaws.

[19] But the expectations, even without Robinson Cano, are now sky-high. Anything short of a division title in the regular season will be a disappointment. [20] It's World Series or bust. Just the way George would have wanted it.

Here's the best thing about baseball in 2014: The Yankees aren't the only evil empire. We have the Red Sox, coming off their World Series title, hailed as the smartest kid on the block because they traded away a bunch of high-priced players. [21] We have the Cardinals, and, yes, Cardinals fans, you may not spend money like the Yankees or Red Sox, but you're now on their level. Hold your heads high. It's an honor to be resented by other fans. And we have the Dodgers and all their money and perfect weather and Dodger Dogs and Magic Johnson smiles.

But the Yankees remain No. 1. Especially today. Admit it: You're happy they signed Tanaka. [22] at last became the media-savvy, global brand it had long aspired to be, signing enormous new television contracts and starting its own national cable TV network. [23] Increasingly, individual teams cut out the middle man, boosting their net worth exponentially by buying or starting their own local cable networks.

The key to the game's renewed success, though, was keeping the labor peace. From 1995 to 2010, baseball went 16 seasons without a work stoppage, a record for the modern era. Alone among American sports leagues, MLB and the Players Association seemed to have discovered a way to maximize profits and increase wages without resorting to salary caps.

By 2010, the minimum major-league salary was $400,000 a year, and the average player salary was a record $3.34 million. [24] At the same time, a de facto, "soft cap" of revenue sharing and a luxury tax on payrolls reduced the percentage of moneys going to the players from a high of 63 percent in 2003 to 51 percent in 2010, as opposed to 57 percent for the National Basketball Association and the National Hockey League, and 59 percent for the National Football League.

The hundreds of millions of dollars in shared revenues funneled annually to small-market teams helped make the game more competitive than ever, with 23 of the 30 MLB teams making the playoffs, 15 reaching the World Series, and eight different clubs winning the championship in the first decade of the

10 본 자료는 저작권 법에 의해 보호되는 저작물로, Ringle 사에 저작권이 존재합니다. 해당 자료에 대한 무단 복제/배포를 금하며, 해당 자료로 수익을 얻거나 이에 상응하는 혜택을 누릴 시 Ringle 과 사전 협의가 없는 경우 고소/고발 조치 될 수 있습니다. This material is exclusively prepared for Ringle customers

twenty-first century. The 2000 season marked the first time in major-league history, dating back to 1871, that no team won or lost as much as 60 percent of its games.

[25] Problems remained, including lagging television ratings for the All-Star Game and some playoff rounds, the pricing of many tickets beyond the reach of the average fan, a reduced interest in the game among African-Americans, and the seeming inability of small-market teams such as Kansas City or Pittsburgh to compete even with considerable subsidies from their competitors. [26] But by 2010, baseball as a business was more prosperous than it had ever been, with players and owners alike working to common purpose for the first time in the history of the sport.

Source of Article: http://espn.go.com/blog/sweetspot/post/_/id/43721/yankees-are-still--evil-empire

11 본 자료는 저작권 법에 의해 보호되는 저작물로, Ringle 사에 저작권이 존재합니다. 해당 자료에 대한 무단 복제/배포를 금하며, 해당 자료로 수익을 얻거나 이에 상응하는 혜택을 누릴 시 Ringle 과 사전 협의가 없는 경우 고소/고발 조치 될 수 있습니다. This material is exclusively prepared for Ringle customers

[Video clips]

Please watch these video clips

 Billy Beane talks to Sports Analytics TV https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wAlsPnjP_cY

 MLB Now: Big-money contracts http://m.mlb.com/nyy/video/topic/7417714/v36945419/mlb-now- breaks-down-longterm-bigmoney-contracts

12 본 자료는 저작권 법에 의해 보호되는 저작물로, Ringle 사에 저작권이 존재합니다. 해당 자료에 대한 무단 복제/배포를 금하며, 해당 자료로 수익을 얻거나 이에 상응하는 혜택을 누릴 시 Ringle 과 사전 협의가 없는 경우 고소/고발 조치 될 수 있습니다. This material is exclusively prepared for Ringle customers

[9 Key Questions]

#1. Intro questions  Q1-1: Can you summarize the main points of the first article in one or two sentences?  Q1-2: Can you summarize the main points of the second article in one or two sentences?  Q1-3: Which team is your favorite team in MLB and why?  Q1-4: Who is your favorite player in MLB and why?

#2. Auckland Athletics’ scouting strategy

 Q2-1: What is the most important factor in placing high in the baseball league?  Q2-2: What was Billy Beane and Oakland Athletics’ strategy?  Q2-3: Why do you think that Oakland Athletics, ranked the 5th lowest team in terms of money spent on salaries, has always been placing in the top 5?  Q2-4: What is the advantages of Billy Beane’s strategy? Do you take his side?

#3. New York Yankees’ scouting strategy

 Q3-1: What are some conditions that contribute toward the popularity of a baseball team?  Q3-2: Why do the New York Yankees have more resources and funding than any other teams in MLB?

13 본 자료는 저작권 법에 의해 보호되는 저작물로, Ringle 사에 저작권이 존재합니다. 해당 자료에 대한 무단 복제/배포를 금하며, 해당 자료로 수익을 얻거나 이에 상응하는 혜택을 누릴 시 Ringle 과 사전 협의가 없는 경우 고소/고발 조치 될 수 있습니다. This material is exclusively prepared for Ringle customers

 Q3-3: What are the advantages and disadvantages of New York Yankees’ way? What is your opinion on the NYY’s strategy?

#4. Money Power vs. Data & Analytics power

 Q4-1: How could the use of data, statistics, and technology contribute to a baseball team?  Q4-2: When it comes to scouting a player, which factor would be more important? Statistics or gut feeling and instinct of an experienced scouter?  Q4-3: Why does Oakland Athletics lose in the post-season after achieving a winning record in the regular season? Is it due to the lack of a Star Player?  Q4-4: Why does New York Yankees win in the post-season, even with a poor record in the regular season? Doesn’t the money spent on a star player beat the statistics strategy?

#5 Baseball “Business”

 Q5-1: What is the primary revenue stream for a team in MLB?  Q5-2: For a baseball team owner, what is the most important thing when attempting to maximize the team value and revenue?  Q5-3: Do you think there is a correlation between team records and team value / revenue? Why? 14 본 자료는 저작권 법에 의해 보호되는 저작물로, Ringle 사에 저작권이 존재합니다. 해당 자료에 대한 무단 복제/배포를 금하며, 해당 자료로 수익을 얻거나 이에 상응하는 혜택을 누릴 시 Ringle 과 사전 협의가 없는 경우 고소/고발 조치 될 수 있습니다. This material is exclusively prepared for Ringle customers

#6. KBO (Korean Baseball Organization)

 Q6-1: Which Korean baseball team is most similar to the New York Yankees? And Oakland Athletics?  Q6-2: Is there any correlation between team salary and team records in Korean baseball league?  Q6-3: What is the primary revenue source of a KBO team? Are there any differences between MLB teams and KBO teams? If so, what are they?

#7. Korean Players in Major league

 Q7-1: Who is your favorite Korean player? Choo, Kang, or Ryu? If LA Dodgers, Texas Rangers, and are competing each other, which team would you root for?  Q7-2: In MLB, there are many Asian pitchers while there are only a few Asian fielders. Why?  Q7-3: Among the Korean players in KBO, who would be able to debut in MLB, if any? Do you believe he will survive in MLB?

15 본 자료는 저작권 법에 의해 보호되는 저작물로, Ringle 사에 저작권이 존재합니다. 해당 자료에 대한 무단 복제/배포를 금하며, 해당 자료로 수익을 얻거나 이에 상응하는 혜택을 누릴 시 Ringle 과 사전 협의가 없는 경우 고소/고발 조치 될 수 있습니다. This material is exclusively prepared for Ringle customers

#8. Your final choice

 Q8-1: What matters most to a team?  Q8-2: Between the New York Yankees and Oakland Athletics, which team is your favorite team and why?

#9. Presentation to the head of Yankees or the Billy Beane (choose one of the two options)  Option 1: Let’s assume that you are a business consultant working for the Yankees. How would you diagnose the current status of Yankees and suggest strategies to win the MLB? Let’s prepare a one-minute elevator speech to the leader of the NY Yankees.  Option 2: Let’s assume that you are a business consultant working for Billy Beane. How would you diagnose the current status of Oakland Athletics and suggest strategies to win the MLB? Let’s prepare a one-minute elevator speech to the leader of Oakland Athletics.

16 본 자료는 저작권 법에 의해 보호되는 저작물로, Ringle 사에 저작권이 존재합니다. 해당 자료에 대한 무단 복제/배포를 금하며, 해당 자료로 수익을 얻거나 이에 상응하는 혜택을 누릴 시 Ringle 과 사전 협의가 없는 경우 고소/고발 조치 될 수 있습니다. This material is exclusively prepared for Ringle customers

[Key business & baseball related expressions and terms]

[1] household name: 누구나 아는 이름  Household name: a famous person that most people know of:  Ex) GE Capital is hardly a household name: GE Capital 은 잘 알려진 회사가 아니다.  Ex) A non-household name ready to become a champion: 챔피언을 노리는 잘 알려지지 않은 선수  Ex) Others we have never heard of will become household names: 우리가 이제껏 들어보지 못했던 것들이 유명세를 타게 될 것이다  Ex) What’s interesting to notice here is that SM Entertainment’s first household name was a singer named Hyun Jin-young: 흥미로운 사실은, SM 에서 최초로 유명해진 가수는 현진영 이었다는 것이다.

[2] be thrilled to announce that ~~ : ~~을 알리게 되어서 무척 기쁩니다 (be happy to announce that )  Guest Speaker 소개 시 자주 쓰이는 표현  Thrilled: very excited, happy, and pleased  Ex) And we’re thrilled to announce that he is going to be a keynote speaker at Domopalooza next month: 우리는 그가 (빌리빈) 다음 달 Domopalooza 의 keynote speaker 가 되었다는 사실을 알리게 되어서 무척 기쁘게 생각합니다.

[3] Be portrayed by Brad Pitt: 브래드피트가 연기하다, 브랜드피트에 의해 묘사되다  Ex) Her father will be portrayed by Sean Connery: 그녀의 아버지 역할은 숀 코네리가 연기할 것이다.  Ex) It is hard work and not a glamorous job as portrayed by the media: 그것은 어려운 일이며, 미디어에서 묘사되는 것처럼 매력적인 직업도 아니다.  Ex) On the show, many of the forensic scientists are portrayed by women: 드라마에서는, 많은 법의학자 역을 여성이 연기하고 있다.

[4] be fed up with: 신물이 나다, 진저리가 나다  Be fed up with: annoyed or disgusted by something that you have experienced for too long:

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 Ex) I'm fed up with you [the media], but I'll never be fed up with the team: 나는 당신들 (미디어) 에는 진저리 났지만, 그 팀에는 실증나지 않을 것이다.  Ex) I’m just fed up with his excuses for not getting his work done: 나는 그의 일을 끝마치지 못한 후 둘러대는 핑계에 진절머리가 난다.

[4] outbid: 더 높은 가격을 제시하다  Outbid: to outdo in bidding; make a higher bid than (another bidder).  Ex) British-based Standard Chartered has won the fight for Korea First Bank, outbidding its rival HSBC with an offer of $3.3 billion: 영국계 은행인 SC 가 입찰에서 33 억 달러를 제시해 경쟁사인 HSBC 를 제치고 한국 제일은행 인수에서 승리했다.  Ex) The Museum has antagonized rivals by outbidding them for the world's greatest art treasures: 그 박물관은 세계적으로 가장 위대한 예술품에 대해, 다른 박물관 대비 비싼 가격의 인수가를 제시하여 반감을 사고 있다.

[5] reach out to somebody: ~에게 관심을 보이다, ~에게 접근하여 도움을 요청하다  Reach out to somebody: to offer someone a helping hand, to seek someone's help and support  Ex) He didn't reach out to people: 그는 다른 사람들에게 다가가지 않았다.

[6] take a second look at: 다시 한 번 들여다보다. 재차 확인하다.  Ex) He won’t take a second look at you  He won't take a second look at you means that either you as a person aren't worth the time or that person isn't attractive. We do double takes generally when something or someone is attractive = worthy of a second look.  소개팅에서 자주 사용될 수 있는 표현  Ex) Now these funds merit a second look: 지금 이 펀드들은 재고해 볼 가치가 있습니다.

[7] figure out the best strategy for recruiting good players (people): 좋은 선수 (인재를)를 선발하기 위한 최고의 전략을 도출하다  HR 정책 수립 시 자주 사용될 수 있는 표현

[8] bargain players: 저평가 된 선수들  Bargain: an advantageous purchase, especially one acquired at less than the usual cost  Ex) He began seeking out these “bargain” players: 그는 이러한 저평가된 선수들을 찾기 시작했었다.

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[9] pushback: 반대, 저항  반대를 뜻하는, 비즈니스에서 많이 사용되는 표현  Pushback: opposition or resistance to a plan.  Ex) Despite pushback from baseball scouts, Beane pulled the trigger on his radical new strategy for acquiring players: 야구 스카우터들의 반대를 무릅쓰고, 빌리빌은 그의 급진적인 새로운 스카우팅 전략을 사용하기 시작하였다.  Ex) fought fiercely for that even though I had a huge political pushback: 나는 정치권의 엄청난 반대에도, 격렬히 투쟁했다.  Ex) They were so concerned about the pushback from Wall Street: 그들은 월가의 반발을 심히 우려하였다.

[10] pay off (paid off): 성공하다, 결실을 맺다  Pay off: To yield as a return, To afford an advantage to; profit:  Ex) His efforts paid off: 그의 노력은 결실을 맺었다.  Ex) Your efforts at work will pay off next week: 다음주에는, 네가 한 일에 대한 보상을 받을 수 있을꺼야

[11] win 20 consecutive games: 20 연승을 하다  Consecutive: following one another in uninterrupted succession or order; successive: six consecutive numbers, such as 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.  Ex) After losing the first game of the series the Heat shut down the Thunder with four consecutive wins: Heat 는 Thunder 에게 첫 번째 게임을 내준 후, 연속 4 게임을 승리하며 Thunder 를 눌렀다.

[12] integrate “A” into “B”: “A”를 “B” 에 통합 시키다  Integrate: to bring together or incorporate (parts) into a whole.  Ex) Sports teams have been integrating statistical analysis into the way they play: 스포츠 팀들은 통계 분석 결과들을 팀이 play 하는 데에 적용하기 시작하였다.  Ex) We must integrate immigrants into our societies”: 우리는 이민자들을 우리 사회에 통합시켜야만 한다.

[13] Technology is driving “A” towards “B”: 기술은 “A” 를 “B” 로 나아가게 하다  Big-data, Deep- learning 등 최신 기술이 기존 산업을 바꿔나간다는 표현 시 참고할 만한 문장  Ex) Technology, he argues, is driving sports towards greater diversity and increased access: 그는 기술발전이 스포츠를 다양성 및 참여도를 증가시키도록 drive 할 것이라 주장했다.

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[14] They somehow scratched out 85 wins: 그들은 어찌어찌해서 85 승을 겨우 달성했다. (Scratch out 이 긁어 모으다의 의미로 사용)

[15] rant and rave: 악을 쓰다, 마구 소리지르다, 목에 핏대를 서고 소리지르다  Rant and rave: to shout angrily and wildly about someone or something.  Ex) You come here and rant and rave with no constructive policies: 당신은 여기에 와서, 아무런 건설적인 방침 없이 소리만 질러댄다  Ex) The Unionist parties can rant and rave but they will toe the SNP line when it comes to voting time: 통일당은 한 바탕 소란을 피우겠지만, 그들은 선거 때에 결국 스코틀랜드의 국민당 노선을 따르게 될 것입니다.

[16] Get to somebody: 괴롭히다, 안좋은 영향을 미치다  Get to somebody: to cause feelings, esp. suffering or disgust, in someone:  Ex) Will the pressure and big money get to him: 압박과 큰 연봉이 그를 괴롭힐 것인가?  Ex) The pressure of work is beginning to get to him: 업무에 대한 부담감이 그를 괴롭히기 시작하고 있다/.

[17] Hall of Fame: 명예의 전당  Hall of fame: A group of persons judged outstanding, as in a sport or profession.  Ex) Robinson entered the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1962: 로빈슨은 1962 년에 야구의 명예의 전당에 입성했다

[18] Shortstop: 유격수  Shortstop: The field position between second and third base.  Ex) You can guess how many teams have made the playoffs with a 40-year-old shortstop: 당신은 얼마나 많은 팀이 과연 40 살의 유격수를 가지고 playoff 에 진출할 수 있을지 생각해봐라.  Ex) It's a line drive to left field right between third base and the shortstop: 유격수와 3 루수를 가르는 직선타구입니다.

[18] injury-prone: 부상을 당하기 쉬운  Injury-prone: often sustaining injuries  Ex) I hope they don’t try to sign him, he’s injury prone: 나는 그 팀이 그 선수와 계약을 안했으면 좋겠어. 그는 너무 부상을 자주 당해.

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[19] Sky high: 하늘을 찌를 듯 한  Sky-high: to a very high degree, level, or amount  Ex) The expectations, even without Robinson Cano, are now sky-high: 로빈슨 카노가 없음에도, 기대치는 하늘을 찌를 듯이 높다.  Ex) The price of housing in suburbia is sky high: 교외 도시의 집 값이 치솟고 있다.  Ex) His confidence is still sky-high: 그의 자신감은 여전히 하늘을 찌를 듯이 높다.

[20] or bust: ~아니면 죽기  or bust: or collapse from the effort; - used in phrases expressing determination to do something  Ex) It's World Series or bust: 월드 시리즈에 진출하는게 아니면 죽음이다.  Ex) For him it’s the Olympics or bust: 그에겐, 올림픽에 진출하느냐, 아니면 죽느냐의 문제이다.

[21] You're now on their level: 너는 지금 그들의 경지에 와 있다 (너는 지금 그들의 수준이야)

[22] Savvy: 능통한 (media savvy: 미디어에 능통한, business-savvy: 비즈니스에 능통한)  Savvy” practical understanding; shrewdness or intelligence; common sense  Ex) That doesn't mean he is any less media savvy: 그게 그가 미디어를 잘 모른다는 뜻은 아니야.  Ex) But some people are not very tech savvy: 그러나 일부 사람들은 기술에 능숙하지 못하다

[23] cut out the middleman: 중개인을 없애다 (중간 유통을 없애다)  “중간 유통을 없애다" 를 표현 시 참고 가능한 문장  Middleman: a person who plays an economic role intermediate between producer and retailer or consumer.  Ex) Buy direct from the manufacturer and cut out the middleman: 제조업자에게 직접 구매하고 중간 유통을 배제하라

[23] boosting their net worth exponentially: 회사 가치를 기하급수적으로 증가시키다  가속성장을 표현할 때에 참고 가능한 문장

[24] de facto: 사실상의, 실질적인 (= the real)  de facto: in fact; in reality:

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 Ex) The general took de facto control of the country: 그 장군이 그 나라의 실질적 통치권을 쥐고 있다.  Ex) She is the real (=de facto) manager of the company: 그녀는 회사의 실질적인 경영자이다.

[24] reduced the percentage from a high of 63 percent in 2003 to 51 percent in 2010: 2003 년 최고 63% 에서 2010 년 51%로 퍼센트가 감소하다  “숫자가 xx 년 최고치에서 현재 수준으로 감소하다” 를 표현할 때 참고 가능한 문장

[25] lagging television ratings: 시청률 감소 (= drops in ratings and viewers, falling ratings)

[26] a business was more prosperous than it had ever been: 비즈니스는 그 어느 해 보다도 호황이었다.  사업적으로 가장 호황인 시기를 표현할 때에 참고 가능한 문장

[Appendix: 기본 야구 용어]  First baseman: 1 루수  Second baseman: 2 루수  Third baseman: 3 루수  Shortstop: 유격수  Center fielder: 중견수  Right fielder: 우익수  Left fielder: 좌익수  Infielder: 내야수  Outfielder: 외야수  Pitcher: 투수  Catcher: 포수  Starting pitcher: 선발 투수  middle relief pitcher (=middle reliever): 중간 계투  closer (=closing pitcher): 마무리  hit by the pitch: 데드볼 (사구)  infield groundball: 내야땅볼  double play: 병살타  hit a to win a losing game: 역전 만루홈런을 치다  cleanup hitter: 4 번 타자  table setters: 1 번 및 2 번 타자 (leadoff: 선두타자)

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