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Übergang Zur Marktwirtschaft Am Ende Des 20. Jahrhunderts

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Übergang Zur Marktwirtschaft Am Ende Des 20. Jahrhunderts Südosteuropa - Studien ∙ Band 54 (eBook - Digi20-Retro) Iván Berend (Hrsg.) Übergang zur Marktwirtschaft am Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts Verlag Otto Sagner München ∙ Berlin ∙ Washington D.C. Digitalisiert im Rahmen der Kooperation mit dem DFG-Projekt „Digi20“ der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek, München. OCR-Bearbeitung und Erstellung des eBooks durch den Verlag Otto Sagner: http://verlag.kubon-sagner.de © bei Verlag Otto Sagner. Eine Verwertung oder Weitergabe der Texte und Abbildungen, insbesondere durch Vervielfältigung, ist ohne vorherige schriftliche Genehmigung des Verlages unzulässig. «Verlag Otto Sagner» ist ein Imprint der Kubon & Sagner GmbH. iván Berend - 978-3-95479-732-5 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/11/2019 09:43:34AM via free access SÜD OSTEUROPA-STUDIEN herausgegeben im Auftrag der Südosteuropa-Gesellschaft von Walter Althammer iván Berend - 978-3-95479-732-5 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/11/2019 09:43:34AM via free access 00063447 Transition to a Market Economy at the End of the 20th Century • # Übergang zur Marktwirtschaft am Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts Eleventh International Economic History Congress Session A-3, September 12-17, 1994, Milano Edited by Ivan T. Berend Südosteuropa-Gesellschaft iván Berend - 978-3-95479-732-5 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/11/2019 09:43:34AM via free access Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP-Einheitsaufnahme Transition to a market economy at the end of the 20th century Übergang zur Marktwirtschaft am Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts / Eleventh International Economic History Congress, session A-3, September 12-17, 1994, Milan, Italy. Ed. by Ivan T. Berend. Südosteuropa-Gesellschaft, München. - München : Südosteuropa-Ges., 1994 (Südosteuropa-Studien ; Bd. 54) ISBN 3-925450-44-0 NE: Berend, Ivan T. [Hrsg.]; Internationa! Economic History Congress <11, 1994, Milano>; Südosteuropa-Gesellschaft <Deutschland>; é ф _ Übergang zur Marktwirtschaft am Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts; GT © 1994 by Südosteuropa-Gesellschaft, D-80538 München Alle Rechte Vorbehalten Gesamtherstellung: Schoder Druck GmbH & Co. KG, Gersthofen iván Berend - 978-3-95479-732-5 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/11/2019 09:43:34AM via free access 00063447 5 > INHALTSVERZEICHNIS TABLE OF CONTENTS B e r e n d , I van T. Preface ................................................................................................................ 7/8 B e r e n d , Ivan T. End of Century Global Transition to a Market Economy: Laissez-Faire on the Peripheries? .................................................................. 9 B u t s c h e k , F elix B a l t z a r e k , F r a n z Austria’s Transformation to Market Economy: A Lesson of “Sozialpartnerschaft” .................................................................. 55 S c h ö n f e l d , R o l a n d How to Cope with Transition: The Special Case of East Germany .................................................................. 67 M a r e r , P a u l Economic Relations Between Eastern, Central, and Western Europe: An Historical Perspective.................................................................................. 85 S z e n t e s , T a m a s The Transformation of Central and Eastern Europe: A Study on the International Context of the Process.................................... 101 K o w a l ik , T a d e u s z The “Big Bang” as a Political and Historical Phenomenon: A Case Study on Poland .................................................................................. 115 E h r l ic h , E va R e v e s z , G a b o r Economic Difficulties and Pitfalls of Transformation: A Case Study on the Czech, Slovak, Polish and Hungarian Republics ........................................................................................................... 125 A l t m a n n , F r a n z -L o t h a r Market Transformation: A Case Study on the Balkans .......................................................................... 145 K a s e r , M ic h a e l From Market Back to Market Via Central Planning: Russia 1917-1993 ............................................................................................... 153 iván Berend - 978-3-95479-732-5 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/11/2019 09:43:34AM via free access 00063447 6 Inhaltsverzeichnis R o s a l i YEV, Yu r i Market Transformation in Türkey: A Case Study on the Near-East ....................................................................... 167 R a o , В e l d o n a V. India Towards a Market Economy: Transformation “With a Human Face” ? ...................................................... 179 P0MFRET, R ic h a r d The Chinese Model of Market Transformation: Can Central and Eastern Europe Learn from Asia?..................................... 189 G e d d e s , B a r b a r a How Politicians Decide Who Bears the Cost of Economic Liberalization: The Latin American, South European, and African Experiences ........... 203 V a l e r io , N u n o F o n t o u r a , P a u l a From Self-Sufficiency, and Planning Towards a Market Economy in Angola: A Case Study on Africa........................................................................................ 229 Privatization and Market Economy; Selected Bibliography 249 iván Berend - 978-3-95479-732-5 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/11/2019 09:43:34AM via free access 00063447 PREFACE The last two decades of the waning 20th century have been characterized by the spectacular world-wide victory of a self-regulating market economy. The system which was aggressively challenged at the beginning of the century and seemed to be buried under the ruins of a devastating war and depression in the interwar decades, was triumphantly reborn after World War II in the Western core countries. The Cen- trai and Eastern European, Asian, African and Latin American peripheries, however, stronger than ever, turned to alternative models. Modernizing dictatorships emerged: the state had a strict control over the economy and, in several countries, also owned a great part of it. More than one third of the world introduced some kind of planned eco- nomy with an overwhelming state control and ownership. The prophecy of Joseph Schumpeter at the end of the 1920s regarding the decline of capitalism and its trans- formation into a victoriously spreading socialism seemed to be the reality in a great and, between the fifties and seventies, growing part of the world. From the mid to late seventies on, however, the international trend was not only halted but sharply and spectacularly reversed. The successful model of the Western core became the admired, praised and recognized pattern to follow all over the world. The Zeitgeist dramatically changed and irresistably penetrated even the birth place of the former alternative model, the home land of planning and state-ownership, the (former) Soviet Union and the state socialist countries in Europe, Asia, and the other peripheries and continents. Market transformation and privatization characterize the economies of Latin America, Africa and Asia. The world economy is in flux. What happened? Why did it happen? What were the causes and what are the main characteristics of this transformation? What is even more important to analyze: what are the consenquences? What kind of economic and social cost have to be paid for such a transformation? Was the chosen model of a self-regulating, laissez-faire market system adequate? What are the lessons of the first chapter of transition, and do they challenge the universally accepted model of the eighties and early nineties? These are crucial questions which require a proper answer by experts, scholars, policy makers and governments. Although these questions are burning practical-poli- tical issues of the present and future, and initiate economic, social and political ana- lyses, a proper understanding is hardly possible without an interpretation of economic history. This world-wide intellectual-political challenge initiated the decision of the Execu- tive Committee of the International Economic History Association in 1990-91 to offer a special session on the topic at its Xlth Congress in Milan in 1994. The task to pre- pare Session A/3 at the Milan Congress, which I was asked to undertake, was a great honor and also a similarly great burden. Fortunately, I gained the help and received the contributions of an excellent team, composed of members of the international community of economic historians and economists from Central Eastern Europe, Western Europe, the United States, India and Australia. Most of all, the enterprise was immediately recognized and highly sponsored by the Südosteuropa-Gesellschaft (Munich), and personally by its Managing Director, Dr. Roland Schönfeld, which made it possible to organize an excellent preparatory conference in the attractive iván Berend - 978-3-95479-732-5 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/11/2019 09:43:34AM via free access 00063447 8 Preface Nymphenburg palace of the Carl Friedrich von Siemens Foundation in Munich, in March 1993, and to publish this volume before the Milan Congress. I hope very much that this volume and the session which will be based on it may contribute to a better understanding of a historical, and historically unprecedented, process which directly influences the life of millions and even billions of people, both those living now and those who will be born. A better understanding of the present ex- citing and highly debated historical transformation may contribute to influence histo- rical trends - a goal and service of scholarship for the society. Los Angeles,
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