Phonetic Interference of Catalan in Barcelonan Spanish: a Sociolinguistic Approach to Lateral Velarization
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Writing Speech: Lolcats and Standardization Brittany Brannon Denison University
Articulāte Volume 17 Article 5 2012 Writing Speech: LOLcats and Standardization Brittany Brannon Denison University Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.denison.edu/articulate Part of the English Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation Brannon, Brittany (2012) "Writing Speech: LOLcats and Standardization," Articulāte: Vol. 17 , Article 5. Available at: http://digitalcommons.denison.edu/articulate/vol17/iss1/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the English at Denison Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Articulāte by an authorized editor of Denison Digital Commons. Writing Speech: LOLcats and Standardization refined men...in their speech and writing" (quoted in Lerer 159). What becomes apparent in Gil's statement is that for the orthoepists, education was Brittany Brannon '12 tied to class—and, therefore, proper language was based as much on class interests as it was on the speech of the educated. It is here that Lerer's use of the term "educated" begins to become problematic. Today, most people in our society believe that education is From the time we are small, we are taught that there are only certain largely separate from class concerns. The American dream tells us that forms of spelling and grammar that are appropriate for written work, anyone who works hard enough can make something of themselves, often regardless of how closely those forms align with our speech. This distinction through education. This myth perpetuates the common lack of recognition is not an innocent one. The inability to use standard written English has that one's level of education still often has more to do with socioeconomic many social judgments attached to and embedded in it. -
Archives of the Crown of Aragon Catalogue of Publications of the Ministry: General Catalogue of Publications: Publicacionesoficiales.Boe.Es
Archives of the Crown of Aragon Catalogue of Publications of the Ministry: www.mecd.gob.es General Catalogue of Publications: publicacionesoficiales.boe.es Edition 2018 Translation: Communique Traducciones MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, CULTURE AND SPORTS Published by: © TECHNICAL GENERAL SECRETARIAT Sub-Directorate General of Documentation and Publications © Of the texts and photographs: their authors NIPO: 030-18-036-7 Legal Deposit: M-13391-2018 Archives of the Crown of Aragon 700th anniversary of the creation of the Archive of the Crown of Aragon (ACA) (1318) United Nations Santa Fe Capitulations United Nations Celebrated in association with UNESCO Educational, Scientific and Inscribed on the Register in 2009 Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Memory of the World Cultural Organization Index 1. History .......................................................................................................... 7 2. Current Locations ..................................................................................... 21 3. Board of Trustees ..................................................................................... 25 4. European Heritage Label and UNESCO Memory of the World Register ........................................................................................................ 28 5. Documents ................................................................................................. 32 Real Cancillería (Royal Chancery) ....................................................... 32 Consejo de Aragón (Council of -
History of the Crusades. Episode 139. the Crusade Against the Cathars. King Peter II of Aragon, Part 1. Hello Again Last Week We
History of the Crusades. Episode 139. The Crusade Against the Cathars. King Peter II of Aragon, Part 1. Hello again Last week we saw Simon de Montfort emerge victorious from the northern part of southern France. Having conquered all of the Agenais, except for the town of Montauban, it seemed that Simon may have, for the first time, managed to wrestle the whole of Languedoc into submission. By the end of last week's episode, the town of Toulouse and a smattering of strongholds in the mountainous regions of the County of Foix where the only places holding out for the rebels. It is now, with Simon de Montfort seemingly victorious, that we're going to leave the land of the Raymonds and take a closer look at the land of the Alfonsos. More specifically, we're going to concentrate on a man who has been absent from our narrative for a while, King Peter II of Aragon. But we can't really understand King Peter without also taking a closer look at the Kingdom of Aragon, and we can't really understand the Kingdom of Aragon without understanding medieval Spain as a whole. And of course, we can't really understand medieval Spain without knowing some of what came before. To prevent this from turning into a lengthy sub-series all of its own, we are going to have to summarize and leave a lot out. Still, by the end of this next couple of episodes, you should have a deeper understanding of King Peter II of Aragon and his kingdom. -
Arizona Tewa Kwa Speech As a Mantfestation of Linguistic Ideologyi
Pragmatics2:3.297 -309 InternationalPragmatics Association ARIZONA TEWA KWA SPEECH AS A MANTFESTATIONOF LINGUISTIC IDEOLOGYI Paul V. Kroskriw 1.Introduction "Whathave you learned about the ceremonies?" Back in the Summer of.7973,when I firstbegan research on Arizona Tewa, I was often asked such questionsby a variety of villagers.I found this strange,even disconcerting,since the questionspersisted after I explainedmy researchinterest as residing in the language "itself', or in "just the language,not the culture".My academicadvisors and a scholarlytradition encouraged meto attributethis responseto a combination of secrecyand suspicionregarding such culturallysensitive topics as ceremonial language.Yet despite my careful attempts to disclaimany researchinterest in kiva speech (te'e hi:li) and to carefully distinguish betweenit and the more mundane speech of everyday Arizona Tewa life, I still experiencedthese periodic questionings.Did thesequestions betray a native confusion of thelanguage of the kiva with that of the home and plaza? Was there a connection betweenthese forms of discoursethat was apparent to most Tewa villagersyet hidden fromme? In the past few years, after almost two decadesof undertaking various studiesof fuizonaTewa grammar, sociolinguistic variation, languagecontact, traditional nanatives,code-switching, and chanted announcements,an underlying pattern of languageuse has gradually emerged which, via the documentary method of interpretationhas allowed me to attribute a new meaning to these early intenogations.2The disparatelinguistic and discoursepractices, I contend, display a commonpattern of influencefrom te'e hi:li "kiva speech".The more explicit rules for languageuse in ritual performance provide local models for the generation and anluationof more mundanespeech forms and verbal practices. I Acknowledgements.I would like to thank Kathryn Woolard for her commentson an earlier rcnionof thisarticle which was presentedas part of the 1991American Anthropological Association rymposium,"language ldeologies: Practice and Theory'. -
Oadest, Topics in the field Include Written Legal Discourse (Sources of Law, and Judicial Declaration Or Interpretation of the Law), Spoken Legal Discourse (E.G
Language and Law A resource book for students Allan Durant and Janny H.C. Leung First published 2016 ISBN: 978-1-138-02558-5 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-138-02557-8 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-315-43625-8 (ebk) Chapter A1 ‘Legal Language’ as a Linguistic Variety (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) DOI: 10.4324/9781315436258-2 A1 2 INTRODUCTION: KEY CONCEPTS A1 ‘LEGAL LANGUAGE’ AS A LINGUISTIC VARIETY In this unit, we introduce the concept of legal language, perhaps the most obvious and traditionally debated intersection between language and law. The expression legal language designates what is often considered to be a recognisable linguistic variety, differing from other kinds of language use such as medical discourse, news reporting, Dorset dialect or underworld slang. But does a variety matching the name exist? And if so, what kind of variety is it: a dialect, register or something else? In order to refine the concept of legal language, we introduce sociolinguistic con- cepts that help distinguish different kinds of linguistic variation. In related units, we extend our exploration of the concept: in Unit B1, we examine specific linguistic features associated with the variety, and in Unit C1 we examine contrasting views expressed about it. In Thread 2 (i.e. Units A2, B2, C2 and D2), we describe this com - plicated variety’s historical development and the purposes it is thought to serve, as well as reasons why many people feel it is in need of reform if it is to achieve those purposes. Scope of legal language If you ask people what legal language is the language of, you will get different answers. -
The Independence Conflict in Catalonia
The independence conflict in Catalonia The independence conflict in Catalonia Real Instituto Elcano - (updated version 2019) Real Instituto Elcano - Madrid - España www.realinstitutoelcano.org © 2019 Real Instituto Elcano C/ Príncipe de Vergara, 51 28006 Madrid www.realinstitutoelcano.org ISBN: 978-84-92983-19-3 The independence conflict in Catalonia Real Instituto Elcano Outline 1. The territorial pluralism of Spain and the “State of Autonomies” 2. Catalonia: its significance, internal diversity and extensive powers of self-rule 3. Explanatory factors and the sovereignty process (2012–2017) 4. Subsequent political developments since 2018 5. A comparative perspective: Brexit, Scotland and other manifestations of independence 6. Attempts to “internationalise” the conflict 7. Lessons learned and potential solutions The independence conflict in Catalonia 1. The territorial pluralism of Spain and the “State of Autonomies” • The complexity of the centre and the periphery when it comes to territorial matters and identity is a distinctive feature of the Spanish political system. This feature is shared with other plural democracies such as Belgium, Canada and the UK (and, to a lesser extent, Italy and Switzerland). • Nonetheless, Spain is one of the few states in Europe that has successfully preserved its national integrity. In contrast to the rest of the continent, Spain’s borders have remained unaltered for five centuries and there has not been a single territorial change in the last two centuries (colonial possessions aside). Figure 1. Europe in 1519 Source: Historical Atlas, W. & A.K. Johnston Ltd, 1911. Real Instituto Elcano - 2019 page | 5 The independence conflict in Catalonia • The reasons for the paradoxical balance between preserving the country’s integrity, on the one hand, and power and identity struggles between the centre and the periphery, on the other, are bound up with the country’s history and its institutions, interests and dominant political ideas. -
Arabic: سﻟدﻧﻷا , Trans. Al-'Andalus; Spanish
Al-Andalus Al-Andalus and Christian kingdoms circa 1000 AD -trans. al-ʼAndalus; Spanish: al-Ándalus; Portuguese: al , اﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ :al-Andalus (Arabic Ândalus; Aragonese: al-Andalus; Catalan: al-Àndalus; Berber: Andalus or Wandalus), also known as Muslim Spain or Islamic Iberia, was a medieval Muslim cultural domain and territory occupying at its peak most of what are today Spain and Portugal. At its greatest geographical extent in the eighth century, southern France—Septimania—was briefly under its control. The name more generally describes parts of the Iberian Peninsulagoverned by Muslims (given the generic name of Moors) at various times between 711 and 1492, though the boundaries changed constantly as the Christian Reconquista progressed. Following the Muslim conquest of Hispania, Al-Andalus, then at its greatest extent, was divided into five administrative units, corresponding roughly to modern Andalusia, Portugal and Galicia, Castile and León, Navarre, Aragon, the County of Barcelona, and Septimania. As a political domain, it successively constituted a province of the Umayyad Caliphate, initiated by the Caliph Al-Walid I(711–750); the Emirate of Córdoba (c. 750–929); the Caliphate of Córdoba (929– 1031); and the Caliphate of Córdoba's taifa(successor) kingdoms. Rule under these kingdoms saw a rise in cultural exchange and cooperation between Muslims and Christians, with Christians and Jews considered as second-class citizens who paid a special tax, Jizya, to the state which provided internal autonomy and offered certain protection by Muslim rulers.[5] Under the Caliphate of Córdoba, Al-Andalus was a beacon of learning, and the city of Córdoba became one of the leading cultural and economic centres in Europe and throughout the Mediterranean Basin and the Islamic world. -
National Language Policy Theor
Lang Policy DOI 10.1007/s10993-015-9357-z 12 ORIGINAL PAPER 3 National language policy theory: exploring Spolsky’s 4 model in the case of Iceland 5 Nathan John Albury 6 Received: 15 December 2012 / Accepted: 19 January 2015 7 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2015 8 Abstract Language policies are born amidst the complex interplay of social, cul- 9 tural, religious and political forces. With this in mind, Bernard Spolsky theorises that 10 the language policy of any independent nation is driven, at its core, by four co- 11 occurring conditions—national ideology, English in the globalisation process, a 12 nation’s attendant sociolinguistic situation, and the internationally growing interest in 13 the linguistic rights of minorities. He calls for this theory to be tested (Spolsky in 14 Language policy, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,PROOF2004). This paper accepts 15 the invitation by firstly considering the contributions and limitations of Spolsky’s 16 theory vis-a`-vis other contemporary research approaches and then applies the theory to 17 the case of Iceland. Iceland is a dynamic locus for this purpose, given its remarkable 18 monodialectism, fervent linguistic purism and protectionism, and history of over- 19 whelming homogeneity. The study finds that all Spolsky’s factors have in some way 20 driven Icelandic language policy, except in issues of linguistic minority rights. Instead, 21 Icelandic language policy discourse reveals a self-reflexive interest in minority rights 22 whereby Icelandic is discursively positioned as needing protection in the global lan- 23 guage ecology. Accordingly, the paper examines how Spolsky’s theory may be refined 24 to account for non-rights-based approaches to national language policies. -
Red Lake Falls, Minnesota: a Sociolinguistic Survey James Kapper SIL-UND
Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session Volume 29 Article 5 1985 Red Lake Falls, Minnesota: A sociolinguistic survey James Kapper SIL-UND Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.und.edu/sil-work-papers Recommended Citation Kapper, James (1985) "Red Lake Falls, Minnesota: A sociolinguistic survey," Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session: Vol. 29 , Article 5. DOI: 10.31356/silwp.vol29.05 Available at: https://commons.und.edu/sil-work-papers/vol29/iss1/5 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by UND Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session by an authorized editor of UND Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. RED LAlCE FALLS, MINNESOTA: A SOCIOLINGUISTIC SUR.VEY James Kapper TABLE OF CORTENTS Chapter I. Introduction ••••••••••••••••••••••• o•••••••••285 Chapter II. Methodology ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 288 Chapter III. The Community •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 293 Chapter IV. Survey Results •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 301 Chapter v. Conclusions •••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••• 315 Appendices ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 317 Appendix A•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 317 Appendix B•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 321 Bibliography ....•..•.•.•.•••.••••••..••....•••••..•••..•.. 339 LIST OF TABLES TABLE I. Minnesota Migration -
Welcome to LING 101!
Welcome to LING 101! • Please sign your name in the book on the front desk and take a notecard and write down the following things about yourself: – Name – Year – What’s your major? – Where are you from? • Also potentially interesting: where are your parents from? – Why are you taking this class? – Something interesting about you linguistically. (e.g. How many languages have you studied/do you speak?) – Something else interesting about yourself Introduction LING 101 Summer Session II Amy Reynolds Overview • Introduction • Class Policies and Class Schedule • What is Linguistics? – What is mental grammar? – Prescriptive vs. Descriptive Grammars – Brief History of Prescriptivism (if time) Contact Information • LING 101 Summer Session II, Section 001 • Amy Reynolds – Office: Smith 104 • Hours: Tuesdays and Thursdays, 11:30 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. – E-mail: [email protected] • E-mail policy – Websites: amyrey.web.unc.edu and sakai.unc.edu General Class Schedule • When you first walk in: – Sign in – Homeworks (when applicable) • Each class will begin with a brief review of the previous day’s topics, a outline of the days topics, followed by lecture and practice questions. Class Policies • Laptop and Cell Phone Use • Two Assignments per unit: – Homeworks • Collaboration – Writing Assignments • Participation • Attendance • Honor Code • Grade Breakdown Class Schedule and Syllabus • The class schedule is available online on my site: amyrey.web.unc.edu • The schedule will be updated daily, based on what topics we have covered that day. I will also update the syllabus, which will include links to the powerpoints used for that day. A little bit about me • Alabama to Kansas to North Carolina. -
Indian English Evolution and Focusing Visible Through Power Laws
languages Article Indian English Evolution and Focusing Visible Through Power Laws Vineeta Chand 1,* ID , Devin Kapper 2, Sumona Mondal 2, Shantanu Sur 3 ID and Rana D. Parshad 2 1 Centre for Research in Language Development throughout the Lifespan (LaDeLi), Department of Languages and Linguistics, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK 2 Department of Mathematics, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Ave., Potsdam, NY 13699-5815, USA; [email protected] (D.K.); [email protected] (S.M.); [email protected] (R.D.P.) 3 Department of Biology, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Ave., Potsdam, NY 13699-5815, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +44-01206-872101 Academic Editors: Usha Lakshmanan and Osmer Balam Received: 19 August 2017; Accepted: 20 November 2017; Published: 24 November 2017 Abstract: New dialect emergence and focusing in language contact settings is difficult to capture and date in terms of global structural dialect stabilization. This paper explores whether diachronic power law frequency distributions can provide evidence of dialect evolution and new dialect focusing, by considering the quantitative frequency characteristics of three diachronic Indian English (IE) corpora (1970s–2008). The results demonstrate that IE consistently follows power law frequency distributions and the corpora are each best fit by Mandelbrot’s Law. Diachronic changes in the constants are interpreted as evidence of lexical and syntactic collocational focusing within the process of new dialect formation. Evidence of new dialect focusing is also visible through apparent time comparison of spoken and written data. Age and gender-separated sub-corpora of the most recent corpus show minimal deviation, providing apparent time evidence for emerging IE dialect stability. -
The Concept of Geolinguistic Conservatism in Na-Dene Prehistory
194 Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 2010. The Concept of Geolinguistic Conservatism in Na-Dene Prehistory. IN The Dene-Yeniseian Connection, ed. by J. Kari and B. Potter. Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska. New Series, vol 5:194-222. with corrections in 2011 THE CONCEPT OF GEOLINGUISTIC CONSERVATISM IN NA-DENE PREHISTORY James Kari Alaska Native Language Center University of Alaska Fairbanks 1.0. INTRODUCTION1 These papers are the first forum on the implications of the Dene-Yeniseian language stock, and in this article I attempt to engage scholars and intellectuals of varying backgrounds and in several disciplines. I have had the privilege of working with of many of the foremost Alaska Athabascan intellectuals for over 35 years. On many occasions I have heard elders state that Athabascan people have lived in Alaska for more than 10,000 years. Perhaps few of these Athabascan elders would be able to parse the technical articles in this collection, but we are certain that many of their descendents will be among the first readers of these articles. At the February 2008 Dene-Yeniseic Symposium the implications of the geography of the proposed Dene-Yenisiean language stock were one topic of discussion. Johanna Nichols commented that the amount of evidence for Dene-Yeniseian is too large to have the antiquity of more than 10,000 years that is implied for an eastward land-based movement of the Na-Dene branch through Beringia. Nichols added that perhaps unless it can be shown that the Na-Dene and Yeniseian languages have changed at a much slower rate than most languages do.