ABSTRACT Title of Thesis: PAPER RECYCLING MILL
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ABSTRACT Title of Thesis: PAPER RECYCLING MILL: A SUSTAINABLE EDUCATION CENTER IN SAN JUAN, PUERTO RICO Degree Candidate: Nianti Bird-Ortiz Degree and Year: Master of Architecture, 2005 Thesis Directed by: Professor Amy Gardner School of Architecture By the 1960’s a sub-urban lifestyle had taken over the island of Puerto Rico, bringing with it cars for everyone and a culture of consumption. Today the population has grown with such rapidity that an uncontrollable amount of garbage is being generated. This is an overwhelming concern for an island that measures only 35 by 110 miles. The goal of this thesis is to design an industrial building that tackles the need for proper waste management on the island. The premise is to recycle at three scales landscape, building, and material. This project seeks to transform the former foundry, commonly known as Fundición Abarca in San Juan, Puerto Rico into a paper recycling mill. By studying the correlation between “recyclable” buildings, cultural landscapes, and the recycling process of solid waste, a paradigm for a new sustainable culture can be created before it is too late. PAPER RECYCLING MILL: A SUSTAINABLE EDUCATION CENTER IN SAN JUAN, PUERTO RICO by Nianti Bird-Ortiz Thesis submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate School of the University of Maryland at College Park in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Architecture 2005 Advisory Committee: Professor Amy Gardner, Chair Professor Julie Gabrielli Professor Donald Linebaugh ©Copyright by Nianti Bird-Ortiz 2005 This document is meant to be printed on 100% recycled paper DEDICATION To all the people who ride the bus ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This thesis would not have been possible without the constant support of Madeline Ortiz-Rodríguez, Arturo Bird-Carmona, Maniel Bird-Ortiz, and Clara Iris Carmona-Martínez, thank you. I would also like to thank Roberto Ferrer- Rodríguez for always encouraging me to move forward, and everyone who helped me in the final hours. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures……………………………………………………………………….v Introduction ………………………………………………………………………….1 Chapter 1: The Truth about Recycling ……………………………………………..3 Recycling ……………………………………………………………………3 Recycling in Puerto Rico ……………………………………………………5 Recycling Paper in Puerto Rico……………………………………………...8 The Process of Recycling Paper……………………………………………..11 Chapter 2: Recycling at Three Scales……………………………………………….16 Recycled Materials for Construction………………………………………...16 Recycling Buildings/ Adaptive Re-use………………………………………18 Recycling City Landscapes…………………………………………………..21 Chapter 3: Industry and Sustainability………………………………………………22 Industrial Typology…………………………………………………………..22 The Industry of Iron and Steel ……………………………………………….22 Industrial Ecology…………………………………………………………….22 Sustainability …………………………………………………………………24 Chapter 4: The Site…………………………………………………………………..26 Site History……………………………………………………………………26 Site Physical Description……………………………………………………...30 Fundición Abarca History……………………………………………………..39 Fundición Abarca Existing Conditions………………………………………..44 Chapter 5: Fundición Abarca: Adaptive Transformation from Foundry to Recycling Paper Mill ………………………………………………….. 46 Historic Preservation Terms and Definitions…………………………………47 Historical Significance of Fundición Abarca ………………………………..49 Defining Integrity and Cultural Identity……………………………………...55 Chapter 6: Program…………………………………………………………………..59 Goals and Approach ………………………………………………………….59 Problems and Issues…………………………………………………………..60 Precedents…………………………………………………………………….62 Program……………………………………………………………………….69 Chapter 7: Intervention and Partis …………………………………………………..71 Interventions…………………………………………………………………..71 iv Initial Partis …………………………………………………………………..77 Chapter 8: Design Conclusions……………………………………………………….82 Transformation………………………………………………………………..82 Conclusions……………………………………………………………………86 End Notes……………………………………………………………………………...104 Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………...107 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 New development sequence. ............................................................................ 1 Figure 2 Waste Generation vs. Country Size Table ......................................................... 7 Figure 3 Map of Puerto Rico showing location of recycling centers. ............................... 9 Figure 4 Location of Recycling Centers in the center of San Juan. .................................. 9 Figure 5 Table of existing Recycling Centers in Puerto Rico.........................................10 Figure 6 Deposit Center Bins.........................................................................................11 Figure 7 Diagram of recycling paper process. ................................................................12 Figure 8 Waste paper bales ............................................................................................12 Figure 9 Hydropulper ....................................................................................................13 Figure 10 Filtering machine. ..........................................................................................13 Figure 11 Flat screen drainer..........................................................................................13 Figure 12 Reel of new paper product. ............................................................................14 Figure 13 400 mile radius around Puerto Rico. ..............................................................14 Figure 14 De-inking diagram. .......................................................................................15 Figure 15 Paper Dome, interior view and detail. ............................................................17 Figure 16 Odawara Hall and East Gate. .........................................................................17 Figure 17 Abandoned buildings on Ave. Ponce de Leon in Santurce..............................20 Figure 18 Aerial view of Kalundborg, Denmark. ...........................................................23 Figure 19 Diagram of Industrial Ecosystem at Kalundborg, Denmark............................24 Figure 20 1892 topography conditions of Santurce. .......................................................26 Figure 21 1914 View of Ave. Ponce de León.................................................................27 Figure 22 1891, 1917, 1975 Figure ground of Ave. Ponce de León ................................27 Figure 23 Districts and main streets ...............................................................................28 Figure 24 1917 plan of site, by Puerto Rico fire Underwriters. .....................................28 Figure 25 1961 Map of Sector Isla Grande, San Juan. ....................................................29 Figure 26 Aerial view of site and surrounding context. ..................................................30 Figure 27 Existing figure ground ...................................................................................31 Figure 28 Vegetation plan..............................................................................................31 Figure 29 Street directions .............................................................................................32 Figure 30 Main truck, car, and pedestrian circulation.....................................................32 Figure 31 Blocks and building typologies ......................................................................32 Figure 32 Section of existing conditions of Ave. Munoz Rivera.....................................33 Figure 33 Images of Ave. Muñoz Rivera........................................................................33 Figure 34 Existing southwest façade of Ave. Muñoz Rivera...........................................34 Figure 35 Existing northeast façade of Ave. Muñoz Rivera............................................34 Figure 36 Soft site diagram............................................................................................35 Figure 37 Diagram showing surface parking. .................................................................35 Figure 38 Tourist areas in San Juan................................................................................36 Figure 39 Puerto Rico Convention Center under construction. .......................................36 Figure 40 Rendering of proposed Puerto Rico Convention Center including phase one and two..................................................................................................................36 Figure 41 Projected figure ground including the new Puerto Rico Convention Center...37 Figure 42 Water taxi......................................................................................................38 vi Figure 43 Waterfront conditions. ...................................................................................38 Figure 44 Existing view of waterfront............................................................................39 Figure 45 Aerial perspective of Fundición Abarca, 1944................................................40 Figure 46 1955 and 1975 aerial view of Fundición Abarca.............................................40 Figure 47 Working foundry, 1940’s. ..............................................................................42 Figure 48 Interior view of foundry, 1940’s....................................................................42 Figure 49 Fundición Abarca morphological sequence over time.....................................43 Figure 50 Fundición Abarca existing conditions, 2004...................................................43