Bricker CV 2017
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Please Do Not Cite. a PROBLEM for CHRISTIAN MATERIALISM
This is a Draft! Please do not Cite. WHEN CITING ALWAYS REFER TO THE FINAL VERSION PUBLISHED IN EUROPEAN JOURNAL FOR PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION, VOL. 10, NO. 3., 205–213. WITH DOI: 10.24204/EJPR.V10I3.2631 A PROBLEM FOR CHRISTIAN MATERIALISM Elliot Knuths1 Northwestern University Peter van Inwagen and Dean Zimmerman have attempted to demonstrate the metaphysical compatibility of materialism and life after death as it is understood in orthodox Christianity. According to van Inwagen’s simulacrum account of resurrection, God replaces either the whole person or some crucial part of the “core person” with an exact replica at the moment of the person’s death.2 This removed original person — or frag- ment of an original person — provides the basis for personal continuity between an individual in her previ- DOI: 10.24204/EJPR.V10I3.2631 ous life and her post-resurrection life in the world to come. Alternatively, Zimmerman’s “Falling Elevator Model” of resurrection claims that, at the moment just before death, the body undergoes fission, leaving a nonliving lump of matter (a corpse) in the present and a living copy at some other point in space-time.3 In a recent paper, Taliaferro and I criticized these positions,4 arguing that each one lacks phenomenological realism, the quality of satisfactorily reflecting ordinary experience. That article focused primarily on what we consider the methodological shortcomings of van Inwagen’s and Zimmerman’s accounts of resurrection . Citable Version has Version . Citable in materialist terms and other philosophical explanations and thought experiments which clash with ordi- nary experience. We also raised in passing a more substantive challenge for explanations of resurrection in materialist terms which arises from scripture rather than a priori contemplation. -
97 Herman Cappelen, Tamar Szabo Gendler, and John Hawthorne, Eds
Philosophy in Review XXXVII (June 2017), no. 3 Herman Cappelen, Tamar Szabo Gendler, and John Hawthorne, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Philosophical Methodology. Oxford University Press 2016. 688 pp. $150.00 USD (Hardcover ISBN 9780199668779). A working assumption within philosophy is that from the point of view of research, philosophers make use of a diverse set of methods. This includes, though is not limited to, argumentation, explanation, analysis, description, interpretation and so on. A further point to note is that the use of such methods may be found among practicing philosophers both today as well as within the history of philosophy, and likewise across diverse disciplines and philosophical movements from pragmatism to logical positivism, phenomenology to deconstructionism. What we find is that although philosophers may disagree on most philosophical issues, the question of whether or not philosophy simply makes use of method is hardly controversial. A further assumption that might be made is that one or another method serves best to characterize the philosophical endeavor. Here we might point to reason and argument as a primary instance of this. Since ancient times, philosophers have clearly set themselves apart from the other domains of inquiry in the use of argument, reasoned discourse and debate. The problem with such an assumption, however, is that it is far from self-evident. Although philosophy certainly makes use of argumentation, since at least the 20th century, the use of rational speculation and demonstration has tended to diminish in favor of other approaches far more critical in nature, e.g., analysis and description. A further objection may be found today in the increasing use of empirical evidence as a foundation for philosophical inquiry, so-called ‘experimental’ philosophy, which in many ways opposes traditional ‘armchair’ methods. -
Lewis on Conventions and Meaning
Lewis on conventions and meaning phil 93914 Jeff Speaks April 3, 2008 Lewis (1975) takes the conventions in terms of which meaning can be analyzed to be conventions of truthfulness and trust in a language. His account may be adapted to state an analysis of a sentence having a given meaning in a population as follows: x means p in a population G≡df (1a) ordinarily, if a member of G utters x, the speaker believes p, (1b) ordinarily, if a member of G hears an utterance of x, he comes to believe p, unless he already believed this, (2) members of G believe that (1a) and (1b) are true, (3) the expectation that (1a) and (1b) will continue to be true gives members of G a good reason to continue to utter x only if they believe p, and to expect the same of other members of G, (4) there is among the members of G a general preference for people to continue to conform to regularities (1a) and (1b) (5) there is an alternative regularity to (1a) and (1b) which is such that its being generally conformed to by some members of G would give other speakers reason to conform to it (6) all of these facts are mutually known by members of G Some objections: • Clause (5) should be dropped, because, as Burge (1975) argued, this clause makes Lewis's conditions on linguistic meaning too strong. Burge pointed out that (5) need not be mutually known by speakers for them to speak a meaningful language. Consider, for example, the case in which speakers believe that there is no possible language other than their own, and hence that there is no alternative regularity to (1a) and (1b). -
Following the Argument Where It Leads
Following The Argument Where It Leads Thomas Kelly Princeton University [email protected] Abstract: Throughout the history of western philosophy, the Socratic injunction to ‘follow the argument where it leads’ has exerted a powerful attraction. But what is it, exactly, to follow the argument where it leads? I explore this intellectual ideal and offer a modest proposal as to how we should understand it. On my proposal, following the argument where it leaves involves a kind of modalized reasonableness. I then consider the relationship between the ideal and common sense or 'Moorean' responses to revisionary philosophical theorizing. 1. Introduction Bertrand Russell devoted the thirteenth chapter of his History of Western Philosophy to the thought of St. Thomas Aquinas. He concluded his discussion with a rather unflattering assessment: There is little of the true philosophic spirit in Aquinas. He does not, like the Platonic Socrates, set out to follow wherever the argument may lead. He is not engaged in an inquiry, the result of which it is impossible to know in advance. Before he begins to philosophize, he already knows the truth; it is declared in the Catholic faith. If he can find apparently rational arguments for some parts of the faith, so much the better: If he cannot, he need only fall back on revelation. The finding of arguments for a conclusion given in advance is not philosophy, but special pleading. I cannot, therefore, feel that he deserves to be put on a level with the best philosophers either of Greece or of modern times (1945: 463). The extent to which this is a fair assessment of Aquinas is controversial.1 My purpose in what follows, however, is not to defend Aquinas; nor is it to substantiate the charges that Russell brings against him. -
COMMENTS and CRITICISM WORDS on WORDS* Awthorne and Lepore’S Paper Begins Thus
504 the journal of philosophy COMMENTS AND CRITICISM WORDS ON WORDS* awthorne and Lepore’s paper begins thus: H “ ” In his seminal paper Words, David Kaplan addresses a pair of questions that have been largely neglected by the philosophical community: (i) Under what conditions are two utterances utterances of the same word? (ii) What are words? That these questions have not received much attention is rather surpris- ing: after all, philosophers and linguists frequently appeal to consider- ations about word and sentence identity in connection with a variety of puzzles and problems that are foundational to the very subject matter of philosophy of language and linguistics. Kaplan’s attention to words is thus to be applauded. And there is no doubt that his discussion contains many useful insights.1 [Emphasis missing in the original.] As we say in the Passover service, Dayenu. That alone would have been sufficient. Unfortunately, as I have discovered to my sorrow, papers that begin like this always continue, at length, in a different vein. In fact, the very next word in their introduction is “Nevertheless.” I will respond to some of their criticisms, but I want to say at the outset that in my view, when you publish something, you put it out there for all eyes to see from their own perspective. And so, I believe * This article is an attempt to reconstruct a paper delivered to a symposium at the American Philosophical Association meeting in San Francisco on April 3, 2010. It spe- cifically aims to do no more than that. In order to avoid an endless back and forth, we all agreed to publish what was presented, rather than second thoughts based on what the others had presented. -
Philosophy 539/Theory of Knowledge: Evidence
Philosophy 539/Theory of Knowledge: Evidence Princeton University Spring 2008 Wednesdays 1:30-4:20, Marx 201 An examination of select issues at the intersection of philosophy of science and epistemology, with a focus on the theme of ‘evidence’. Recent work on the concept of evidence, with some attention to both informal and formal approaches. Williamson’s conception of evidence as knowledge. Evidence and epistemic diversity. How should we think of evidence which bears on philosophical theories? (Is there some distinctive kind of ‘philosophical’ evidence, e.g., ‘intuitions’, or is such evidence ultimately of a piece with scientific evidence?) In what respects (if any) does common sense provide a kind of data for philosophy? The role of normative ideals for believers who have evidence of their own finitude and fallibility. Bas van Fraassen Thomas Kelly 219 1879 Hall 221 1879 Hall [email protected] [email protected] Office hrs: Th.12:30-1:20 + by appt. Office hrs: F 12-12:50 + by appt. 1. February 6th. Introduction/Overview 2. February 13th. Evidence: What Is It? Williamson on evidence *Timothy Williamson, “Evidence”, Chapter 9 of his Knowledge and Its Limits (Oxford University Press 2000), pp.184-208. Thomas Kelly, “Evidence”, in The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Available online at http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/evidence/. 3. February 20th. Evidence and Epistemic Diversity (I). *Roger White, “Epistemic Permissiveness” in John Hawthorne (ed.) Philosophical Perspectives, vol.19: Epistemology (Blackwell 2005), pp.445-459. Bas’ voluntarist response. 2 4. February 27th. Evidence and Epistemic Diversity (II). *Thomas Kelly, “Peer Disagreement and Higher Order Evidence” forthcoming in Richard Feldman and Ted Warfield (eds.) Disagreement (Oxford University Press 2008). -
Physicalism and the Possibility of Life After Death
Resurrection of the Body?: Physicalism and the Possibility of Life After Death The 2012 Winifred E. Weter Faculty Award Lecture Seattle Pacific University April 17, 2012 Rebekah L.H. Rice, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Philosophy College of Arts and Sciences Resurrection of the Body?: Physicalism and the Possibility of Life After Death 2012 Winifred E. Weter Lecture April 17, 2012 Seattle Pacific University Rebekah L. H. Rice, Ph.D. Department of Philosophy 1 To Jeremy, Lydia, and Silas Rice (For unparalleled love, support, and bear hugs) To Ken Harrower (Who taught me that when faced with a perplexing question, one might do well to crack open a book.) To Steve Layman, Patrick McDonald, and Leland Saunders (Colleagues than which none better can be conceived!) 2 I. Introduction Christians maintain that, as a result of divine grace, human persons can survive their deaths. This occurs as a result of a remarkable divine act—something we call “resurrection.” And it constitutes an important piece of the “good news” that Christians profess. Conceptually, this is a baffling claim. How can it be that I (God willing) will exist after my bodily death? One answer is to suggest—as Rene Descartes famously did—that I am not my body, and that I am instead an immaterial mind, or “soul.” This yields the following account of post-mortem survival: Upon my bodily death, my soul persists. Since I am my soul, and not my body, I persist. Where (or in what conditions) I will persist is a matter left to divine judgment, but the fact of my persistence is owing to the fact that though my bodily processes cease and my body decays – or worse, that it is obliterated and cast into a billion pieces – my soul persists to become the occupant of a new (glorified) body, or in any case to enjoy continued existence. -
Saving God from "Saving God." | Books and Culture | a Christian Review
8/13/12 Saving God from "Saving God." | Books and Culture | A Christian Review Print this page Close this page The following article is located at: http://www.booksandculture.com/articles/2012/mayjun/savinggod.html Saving God from "Saving God." Is traditional supernaturalism idolatrous? Andrew Chignell and Dean Zimmerman | posted 4/24/201 2 1. Princeton philosopher Mark Johnston was educated by Jesuits and briefly considered taking priestly orders before opting for a PhD in philosophy instead. He went on to make important contributions to several subfields of philosophy— metaphysics, ethics, philosophy of perception. But his work, like that of most analytic philosophers, has appeared mainly in professional journals, and is too technical for most of those outside the guild. Johnston's Saving God, together with its sequel Surviving Death, marks a bold and very public return to the theological questions that he seemed to have left behind upon entering philosophy. It's not clear what roused him from his technical slumbers, though one gets a hint when Saving God begins with a deliciously dismissive critique of the "undergraduate atheisms" of Dawkins, Harris, Hitchens, and company. It soon becomes clear, however, that Johnston is just as intent upon demolishing the traditional forms of religion targeted by these "New Atheists"; what they lack, he suggests, is sufficient philosophical firepower to carry out the job. They also lack the religious sensitivity to see that there might be a deeper truth in the traditional monotheisms that goes beyond -
Nonsense and Illusions of Thought 4
NONSENSE AND ILLUSIONS OF THOUGHT1 Herman Cappelen Arché/University of St Andrews and CSMN/University of Oslo Note that this is the penultimate version of the paper published in Philosophical Perspectives, 2013 This paper addresses four issues: 1. What is nonsense? 2. Is nonsense possible? 3. Is nonsense actual? 4. Why do the answers to (1)-(3) matter, if at all? These are my answers: 1. A sentence (or an utterance of one) is nonsense if it fails to have or express content (more on ‘express’, ‘have’, and ‘content’ below). This is a version of a view that can be found in Carnap (1959), Ayer (1936), and, maybe, the early Wittgenstein (1922). The notion I propose abstracts away from their favored (but wrong) theories of what meaning is. It is a notion of nonsense that can be appealed to by all semantic frameworks and all theories of what content is, but structurally it is just like e.g. Carnap’s. Nonsense, as I construe it, is accompanied by illusions of thought (and I think that was part of Carnap’s conception as well). 2. Yes. In particular, I examine three arguments for the impossibility of illusion of thought (which on my construal accompanies linguistic nonsense) and they are all unsound. 3. There might be a lot of nonsense, both in ordinary and theoretical speech. In particular, it is likely that much of contemporary philosophy consists of nonsense. Empirical work is required to determine just how much. 4. The struggle to avoid nonsense (and achieve meaningfulness) is at least as 1 Thanks to Paul Boghossian, Jessica Brown, Josh Dever, Olav Gjelsvik, John Hawthorne, Tom Hodgson, Margot Strohminger, and Åsa Wikforss for helpful discussions of the issues discussed in this paper. -
“Bare Particulars”∗ Theodore Sider Philosophical Perspectives 20 (2006), 387–97
“Bare Particulars”∗ Theodore Sider Philosophical Perspectives 20 (2006), 387–97 One often hears a complaint about “bare particulars”. This complaint has bugged me for years. I know it bugs others too, but no one seems to have vented in print, so that is what I propose to do. (I hope also to say a few constructive things along the way.) The complaint is aimed at the substratum theory, which says that partic- ulars are, in a certain sense, separate from their universals. If universals and particulars are separate, connected to each other only by a relation of instanti- ation, then, it is said, the nature of these particulars becomes mysterious. In themselves, they do not have any properties at all. They are nothing but a pincushion into which universals may be poked. They are Locke’s “I know not what” (1689, II, xxiii, §2); they are Plato’s receptacles (Timaeus 48c–53c); they are “bare particulars”.1 Against substratum theory there is the bundle theory, according to which particulars are just bundles of universals. The substratum and bundle theories agree on much. They agree that both universals and particulars exist. And they agree that a particular in some sense has universals. (I use phrases like ‘particular P has universal U ’ and ‘particular P’s universals’ neutrally as between the substratum and bundle theories.) But the bundle theory says that a particular is exhaustively composed of (i.e., is a mereological fusion of) its universals. The substratum theory, on the other hand, denies this. Take a particular, and mereologically subtract away its universals. -
Possible Worlds I: Modal Realism
Possible Worlds I: Modal Realism May 31, 2009 It is difficult to wander far in contemporary metaphysics without bumping into talk of possible worlds. And reference to possible worlds is not confined to metaphysics. It can be found in contemporary epistemology and ethics, and has even found its way into linguistics and decision theory. But what are those possible worlds, the entities to which theorists in these disciplines all appeal? Call any attempt to answer this question a theory of possible worlds. This paper sets out and evaluates a leading contemporary theory of possible worlds. The view’s principal proponent is David Lewis, and his label for it is ‘Modal Realism,’ which I will abbreviate ‘MR.’1 The view accepts the following sys- tematic correspondence between certain modal facts and facts regarding the existence of possible worlds: (SC) it is possible that φ iff there is a w such that w is a possible world and ‘φ’ is true at w. Lewis proposes MR, in part, as an attempt to specify the nature of the possible worlds whose existence is required by (SC)’s instances. This paper outlines Lewis’s view and discusses some main lines of objection. I will start by noting two competing ambitions for a theory of possible worlds (§1): that a theory of possible worlds be reductive and user-friendly. I will then outline Lewis’s version of MR (§2), and consider objections on the grounds that MR is not reductive (§3) and not user-friendly (§4). 1 Two Ambitions for a Theory of Possible Worlds There are at least two ambitions one might have for a theory of possible worlds. -
Logical Combinatorialism
Logical Combinatorialism Andrew Bacon* July 13, 2020 Abstract In explaining the notion of a fundamental property or relation, metaphysicians will often draw an analogy with languages. The fundamental properties and relations stand to reality as the primitive predicates and relations stand to a language: the smallest set of vocabulary God would need in order to write the `book of the world'. In this paper I attempt to make good on this metaphor. In order to do this I introduce a modality that, put informally, stands to propositions as logical truth stands to sentences. The resulting theory, formulated in higher-order logic, also vindicates the Humean idea that fundamental properties and relations are freely recombinable and a variant of the structural idea that propositions can be decomposed into their fundamental constituents via logical operations. Indeed, it is seen that, although these ideas are seemingly distinct, they are not independent, and fall out of a natural and general theory about the granularity of reality. Metaphysicians often theorize in terms of the notion of a property or relation being fundamental. When it comes to spelling out what this means, metaphors abound. According to one gloss, the fundamental properties and relations are the primitive constants in the language of reality, from which all other properties and relations can be defined; they are the vocabulary God would need in order to write the `book of the world' (Sider (2011)). The metaphor of reality as a language is one that is hard to make precise, and, taken too literally, has been shown to be subject to paradoxes.1 I take this as a warning to proceed cautiously, by codifying our metaphysics in a precise formal language where possible | in this case, higher-order logic | and employing model theoretic techniques to check for consistency.