DOCSLIB.ORG

Diptera: Tachinidae) Jeremy Daniel Blaschke University of Tennessee - Knoxville, [email protected]

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Diptera: Tachinidae) Jeremy Daniel Blaschke University of Tennessee - Knoxville, Jeremy.Blaschke@Gmail.Com University of Tennessee, Knoxville Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 8-2015 Evolution and Phylogeny of the Parasitoid Subfamily Phasiinae (Diptera: Tachinidae) Jeremy Daniel Blaschke University of Tennessee - Knoxville, [email protected] Recommended Citation Blaschke, Jeremy Daniel, "Evolution and Phylogeny of the Parasitoid Subfamily Phasiinae (Diptera: Tachinidae). " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2015. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/3399 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Jeremy Daniel Blaschke entitled "Evolution and Phylogeny of the Parasitoid Subfamily Phasiinae (Diptera: Tachinidae)." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Plants, Soils, and Insects. John K. Moulton, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Ernest Bernard, Rebecca Nichols, Brian O'Meara Accepted for the Council: Dixie L. Thompson Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official student records.) Evolution and Phylogeny of the Parasitoid Subfamily Phasiinae (Diptera: Tachinidae) A Dissertation Presented for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Jeremy Daniel Blaschke August 2015 ii Copyright © 2015 by Jeremy Daniel Blaschke All rights reserved. iii Acknowledgements First, this thesis would not have been possible without the support and direction of my major professor, Kevin Moulton. Through my time at UTK my understanding of molecular systematics and evolutionary biology has been developed and I have learned valuable techniques and skills that will aid my future research and teaching endeavors. I am very grateful to my committee members, Ernie Bernard, Becky Nichols, Brian O’Meara, and Jim O’Hara for their time, counsel, and encouragement. Reliance on fellow researchers and collaborators was essential for obtaining the rare and/or international genera for this study. John Stireman, Isaac Winkler, and the entire Stireman Lab at Wright State University, Jim O’Hara and Monty Wood from the Canadian National Collection, and Pierfilippo Cerretti from Sapienza Università di Roma provided collections from several international trips as well as their own local habitats. They have also provided valuable advice and resources on tachinid classification, identification, and history. Additional specimens or sequences were provided by Takuji Tachi, Martin Hauser, Thibault Ramage, Jaako Pojoismaki, and many others. Funding for this research was provided by the National Science Foundation Award DEB-1146290, “Collaborative Research: The Phylogeny and Evolution of World Tachinidae (Diptera)”, awarded to J.K. Moulton. Additionally, I would like to thank the Adams family for their love and support, patience, and interest (however forced) in my work. Finally, I would like to thank my wonderful wife Ally and our dear dissertation baby Jack. I am truly grateful for Ally’s love, encouragement, and the hard work and sacrifice she has made to make this degree possible for me. I look forward to many future adventures with them by my side. iv Abstract The first molecular phylogenetic analysis of the agriculturally important parasitoid subfamily Phasiinae (Diptera: Tachinidae) is presented, estimated from 128 worldwide taxa (80 genera) and approximately 7.6 kilobases of nuclear data. Special emphasis is placed on taxa with controversial taxonomic placement. The resultant phylogenetic tree is used to reconstruct ancestral character states, trace the evolution of significant adaptive traits within the Tachinidae, and test hypotheses about the classification of Phasiinae. Subfamily placements of the taxa Eutherini, Epigrimyiini, Litophasia , Strongygastrini, and Parerigonini are confidently resolved, the former three within Dexiinae and the latter two within Phasiinae. Due to sparse molecular evidence, the Imitomyiini are tentatively placed among the Phasiinae. Ancestral state reconstruction suggests a dominant and persistent trend in Phasiinae to evolve piercing structures used to insert eggs directly into host tissues. A single potential synapomorphy of Phasiinae is identified (elongated hypandrium). This phylogeny is used to update classification of worldwide phasiine genera and tribes. Many novel phylogenetic hypotheses are presented including the division of Parerigonini s. l. into three tribes: Parerigonini s. s. , Zitini, and Cylindromyiini, and the division of Phasiini s. l. into four lineages: Phasiini s. s. , Gymnosomatini, Opesiini, and Xystini. Two tribes are resurrected (Opesiini and Xystini) and one new tribe is proposed (Zitini nomen novum ). Additionally, a survey of phasiine biodiversity was conducted in Great Smoky Mountains National Park (TN, NC). Species identifications were made using morphological keys, with further evidence from 900 base pairs of the nuclear coding gene MCS. In total, 221 specimens representing 26 phasiine species were collected. Of these, 21 species are newly recorded from the park, four are new records for Tennessee, and two are new records for North Carolina. All 12 eastern Nearctic phasiine genera were represented. Updated identification keys to eastern Phasiinae are provided and DNA barcoding sequences were generated that will aid future researchers to quickly and inexpensively identify phasiine species. v Table of Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter I: Evolution and Phylogeny of the Parasitoid Subfamily Phasiinae (Diptera: Tachinidae) ......................................................................................................................................................... 2 Abstract ............................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction and Background ............................................................................................. 4 Tachinidae ............................................................................................................... 5 Phasiinae ................................................................................................................. 6 Taxonomy ............................................................................................................... 7 Objectives ............................................................................................................. 10 Materials and Methods ...................................................................................................... 11 Collection .............................................................................................................. 11 Genes..................................................................................................................... 15 Extraction and Amplification ................................................................................ 16 Phylogenetic Analysis ........................................................................................... 19 Ancestral State Reconstruction ............................................................................. 20 Results ............................................................................................................................... 24 Sequence data........................................................................................................ 24 Trees ...................................................................................................................... 24 Outgroups .............................................................................................................. 24 Tachininae + Exoristinae ...................................................................................... 29 Dexiinae ................................................................................................................ 29 Phasiinae ............................................................................................................... 30 Taxonomically ambiguous genera ........................................................................ 33 Clade frequencies across all analyses ................................................................... 33 Phylogenetic informativeness of genes and codon positions ................................ 34 Discussion ......................................................................................................................... 34 Classification......................................................................................................... 36 Evolution of Tachinidae ........................................................................................ 41 Conclusions ........................................................................................................... 51 List of References ............................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Classical Biological Control of Arthropods in Australia
    Classical Biological Contents Control of Arthropods Arthropod index in Australia General index List of targets D.F. Waterhouse D.P.A. Sands CSIRo Entomology Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research Canberra 2001 Back Forward Contents Arthropod index General index List of targets The Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) was established in June 1982 by an Act of the Australian Parliament. Its primary mandate is to help identify agricultural problems in developing countries and to commission collaborative research between Australian and developing country researchers in fields where Australia has special competence. Where trade names are used this constitutes neither endorsement of nor discrimination against any product by the Centre. ACIAR MONOGRAPH SERIES This peer-reviewed series contains the results of original research supported by ACIAR, or material deemed relevant to ACIAR’s research objectives. The series is distributed internationally, with an emphasis on the Third World. © Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, GPO Box 1571, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia Waterhouse, D.F. and Sands, D.P.A. 2001. Classical biological control of arthropods in Australia. ACIAR Monograph No. 77, 560 pages. ISBN 0 642 45709 3 (print) ISBN 0 642 45710 7 (electronic) Published in association with CSIRO Entomology (Canberra) and CSIRO Publishing (Melbourne) Scientific editing by Dr Mary Webb, Arawang Editorial, Canberra Design and typesetting by ClarusDesign, Canberra Printed by Brown Prior Anderson, Melbourne Cover: An ichneumonid parasitoid Megarhyssa nortoni ovipositing on a larva of sirex wood wasp, Sirex noctilio. Back Forward Contents Arthropod index General index Foreword List of targets WHEN THE CSIR Division of Economic Entomology, now Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Entomology, was established in 1928, classical biological control was given as one of its core activities.
    [Show full text]
  • Tachinid (Diptera: Tachinidae) Parasitoid Diversity and Temporal Abundance at a Single Site in the Northeastern United States Author(S): Diego J
    Tachinid (Diptera: Tachinidae) Parasitoid Diversity and Temporal Abundance at a Single Site in the Northeastern United States Author(s): Diego J. Inclan and John O. Stireman, III Source: Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 104(2):287-296. Published By: Entomological Society of America https://doi.org/10.1603/AN10047 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1603/AN10047 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY AND BIODIVERSITY Tachinid (Diptera: Tachinidae) Parasitoid Diversity and Temporal Abundance at a Single Site in the Northeastern United States 1 DIEGO J. INCLAN AND JOHN O. STIREMAN, III Department of Biological Sciences, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, 235A, BH, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435 Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 104(2): 287Ð296 (2011); DOI: 10.1603/AN10047 ABSTRACT Although tachinids are one of the most diverse families of Diptera and represent the largest group of nonhymenopteran parasitoids, their local diversity and distribution patterns of most species in the family are poorly known.
    [Show full text]
  • Scientific Notes 365
    Scientific Notes 365 FENNAH, R. G. 1942. The citrus pests investigation in the Windward and Leeward Is- lands, British West Indies 1937-1942. Agr. Advisory Dept., Imp. Coll. Tropical Agr. Trinidad, British West Indies. pp. 1-67. JONES, T. H. 1915. The sugar-cane weevil root-borer (Diaprepes sprengleri Linn.) In- sular Exp. Stn. (Rio Piedras, P. R.) Bull. 14: 1-9, 11. SCHROEDER, W. J. 1981. Attraction, mating, and oviposition behavior in field popula- tions of Diaprepes abbreviatus on citrus. Environ. Entomol. 10: 898-900. WOLCOTT, G. N. 1933. Otiorhynchids oviposit between paper. J. Econ. Entomol. 26: 1172. WOLCOTT, G. N. 1936. The life history of Diaprepes abbreviatus at Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico. J. Agr. Univ. Puerto Rico 20: 883-914. WOODRUFF, R. E. 1964. A Puerto Rican weevil new to the United States (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Fla. Dept. Agr., Div. Plant Ind., Entomol. Circ. 30: 1-2. WOODRUFF, R. E. 1968. The present status of a West Indian weevil Diaprepes abbre- viatus (L.) in Florida (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Fla. Dept. Agr., Div. Plant Ind., Entomol. Circ. 77: 1-4. ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ PARASITISM OF EASTERN LUBBER GRASSHOPPER BY ANISIA SEROTINA (DIPTERA: TACHINIDAE) IN FLORIDA MAGGIE A. LAMB, DANIEL J. OTTO AND DOUGLAS W. WHITMAN* Behavior, Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics Section Department of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University Normal, IL 61790-4120 The eastern lubber grasshopper, Romalea microptera Beauvois (= guttata; see Otte 1995) is a large romaleid grasshopper (adults = 2-12 g) that occurs sporadically throughout the southeastern USA, but in relatively high densities in the Everglades- Big Cypress area of south Florida (Rehn & Grant 1959, 1961).
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Relationships of Tachinid Flies in Subfamily Exoristinae Tachinidae: Diptera) Based on 28S Rdna and Elongation Factor-1A
    Systematic Entomology *2002) 27,409±435 Phylogenetic relationships of tachinid flies in subfamily Exoristinae Tachinidae: Diptera) based on 28S rDNA and elongation factor-1a JOHN O. STIREMAN III Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology,University of Arizona,Tucson,U.S.A. Abstract. The phylogenetic relationships within the largest subfamily of Tachi- nidae,Exoristinae,were explored using nucleotide sequences of two genes *EF-1 a and 28S rDNA). A total of fifty-five and forty-three taxa were represented in the analyses for each gene,respectively,representing forty-three genera. Neighbour joining,parsimony and maximum likelihood inference methods were employed to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships in separate analyses of each gene,and parsimony was used to analyse the combined dataset. Although certain taxa were highly mobile,phylogenetic reconstructions generally supported recent clas- sification schemes based on reproductive habits and genitalia. Generally,the monophyly of Tachinidae and Exoristinae was supported. Tribes Winthemiini, Exoristini and Blondeliini were repeatedly constructed as monophyletic groups, with the former two clades often occupying a basal position among Exoristinae. Goniini and Eryciini generally clustered together as a derived clade within Exoristinae; however,they were never reconstructed as two distinct clades. These results suggest that the possession of unembryonated eggs is plesiomorphic within the subfamily and that there may have been multiple transitions between micro- type and macrotype egg forms. Introduction 1987; Williams et al.,1990; Eggleton & Belshaw,1993), and the wide variety of mechanisms by which they attack Tachinidae is generally regarded as a relatively recent, them *O'Hara,1985). These oviposition strategies include actively radiating clade of parasitic flies *Crosskey,1976).
    [Show full text]
  • No Slide Title
    Tachinidae: The “other” parasitoids Diego Inclán University of Padova Outline • Briefly (re-) introduce parasitoids & the parasitoid lifestyle • Quick survey of dipteran parasitoids • Introduce you to tachinid flies • major groups • oviposition strategies • host associations • host range… • Discuss role of tachinids in biological control Parasite vs. parasitoid Parasite Life cycle of a parasitoid Alien (1979) Life cycle of a parasitoid Parasite vs. parasitoid Parasite Parasitoid does not kill the host kill its host Insects life cycles Life cycle of a parasitoid Some facts about parasitoids • Parasitoids are diverse (15-25% of all insect species) • Hosts of parasitoids = virtually all terrestrial insects • Parasitoids are among the dominant natural enemies of phytophagous insects (e.g., crop pests) • Offer model systems for understanding community structure, coevolution & evolutionary diversification Distribution/frequency of parasitoids among insect orders Primary groups of parasitoids Diptera (flies) ca. 20% of parasitoids Hymenoptera (wasps) ca. 70% of parasitoids Described Family Primary hosts Diptera parasitoid sp Sciomyzidae 200? Gastropods: (snails/slugs) Nemestrinidae 300 Orth.: Acrididae Bombyliidae 5000 primarily Hym., Col., Dip. Pipunculidae 1000 Hom.:Auchenorrycha Conopidae 800 Hym:Aculeata Lep., Orth., Hom., Col., Sarcophagidae 1250? Gastropoda + others Lep., Hym., Col., Hem., Tachinidae > 8500 Dip., + many others Pyrgotidae 350 Col:Scarabaeidae Acroceridae 500 Arach.:Aranea Hym., Dip., Col., Lep., Phoridae 400?? Isop.,Diplopoda
    [Show full text]
  • Ad Hoc Referees Committee for This Issue Thomas Dirnböck
    COMITATO DI REVISIONE PER QUESTO NUMERO – Ad hoc referees committee for this issue Thomas Dirnböck Umweltbundesamt GmbH Studien & Beratung II, Spittelauer Lände 5, 1090 Wien, Austria Marco Kovac Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vecna pot 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenija Susanna Nocentini Università degli Studi di Firenze, DISTAF, Via S. Bonaventura 13, 50145 Firenze Ralf Ohlemueller Department of Biology, University of York, PO Box 373, York YO10 5YW, UK Sandro Pignatti Orto Botanico di Roma, Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, L.go Cristina di Svezia, 24, 00165 Roma Stergios Pirintsos Department of Biology, University of Crete, P.O.Box 2208, 71409 Heraklion, Greece Matthias Plattner Hintermann & Weber AG, Oeko-Logische Beratung Planung Forschung, Hauptstrasse 52, CH-4153 Reinach Basel Arne Pommerening School of Agricultural & Forest Sciences, University of Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, DU/ UK Roberto Scotti Università degli Studi di Sassari, DESA, Nuoro branch, Via C. Colombo 1, 08100 Nuoro Franz Starlinger Forstliche Bundesversuchsanstalt Wien, A 1131 Vienna, Austria Silvia Stofer Eidgenössische Forschungsanstalt für Wald, Schnee und Landschaft – WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland Norman Woodley Systematic Entomology Lab-USDA , c/o Smithsonian Institution NHB-168 , O Box 37012 Washington, DC 20013-7012 CURATORI DI QUESTO NUMERO – Editors Marco Ferretti, Bruno Petriccione, Gianfranco Fabbio, Filippo Bussotti EDITORE – Publisher C.R.A. - Istituto Sperimentale per la Selvicoltura Viale Santa Margherita, 80 – 52100 Arezzo Tel.. ++39 0575 353021; Fax. ++39 0575 353490; E-mail:[email protected] Volume 30, Supplemento 2 - 2006 LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS C.R.A.A - ISTITUTO N SPERIMENTALE N A PER LA LSELVICOLTURA I (in alphabetic order) Allegrini, M. C.
    [Show full text]
  • View the PDF File of the Tachinid Times, Issue 14
    The Tachinid Times ISSUE 14 February 2001 Jim O'Hara, editor Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Systematic Entomology Section Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre C.E.F., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0C6 Correspondence: [email protected] A couple of significant changes to The Tachinid the newsletter before the end of next January. This Times have taken place this year. Firstly, the newsletter newsletter appears first in hardcopy and then on the Web has moved to a new location: http://res2.agr.ca/ecorc/ some weeks later. isbi/tachinid/times/index.htm. Secondly, it is being produced as an Acrobat® PDF (Portable Document Format) Study on the phylogeny and diversity of Higher file for the first time. Though this format may be Diptera in the Northern Hemisphere (by H. Shima) inconvenient for some readers, it has a number of In 1999 I applied to the Japanese Government compelling advantages. It allows me to produce the (Ministry of Education, Science, Culture and Sports) for newsletter faster because there is a one-step conversion a 3-year research grant to fund an international project from a WordPerfect® file with embedded colour images under the general title, "Study on the Phylogeny and to a PDF file. Also, the result is a product that can be Diversity of Higher Diptera in the Northern Hemi- viewed on the Web (using the free Acrobat® Reader that sphere." Funding was approved in 2000 and the first is readily available online), downloaded from the Web, or meeting of the project team was held in Fukuoka at the distributed in hardcopy – each with exactly the same Biosystematics Laboratory of Kyushu University in late pagination and appearance.
    [Show full text]
  • Parasitism of Adult Pentatomidae by Tachinidae in Soybean in the North Central Region of the United Statespheylan
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications: Department of Entomology Entomology, Department of 2020 Parasitism of Adult Pentatomidae by Tachinidae in Soybean in the North Central Region of the United StatesPheylan Pheylan A. Anderson University of Minnesota, St. Paul Daniela T. Pezzini University of Minnesota, St. Paul Nádia M. Bueno University of Minnesota, St. Paul Christina D. DiFonzo Michigan State University, East Lansing Deborah L. Deborah University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologyfacpub Part of the Entomology Commons Anderson, Pheylan A.; Pezzini, Daniela T.; Bueno, Nádia M.; DiFonzo, Christina D.; Deborah, Deborah L.; Hunt, Thomas E.; Knodel, Janet J.; Krupke, Christian H.; McCornack, Brian P.; Philips, Christopher R.; Varenhorst, Adam J.; Wright, Robert J.; and Koch, Robert L., "Parasitism of Adult Pentatomidae by Tachinidae in Soybean in the North Central Region of the United StatesPheylan" (2020). Faculty Publications: Department of Entomology. 862. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologyfacpub/862 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Entomology, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications: Department of Entomology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Authors Pheylan A. Anderson, Daniela T. Pezzini, Nádia
    [Show full text]
  • Information on Tachinid Fauna (Diptera, Tachinidae) of the Phasiinae Subfamily in the Far East of Russia
    International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) ISSN: 2249 – 8958, Volume-9 Issue-2, December, 2019 Information on Tachinid Fauna (Diptera, Tachinidae) Of the Phasiinae Subfamily in the Far East of Russia Markova T.O., Repsh N.V., Belov A.N., Koltun G.G., Terebova S.V. Abstract: For the first time, a comparative analysis of the For example, for the Hemyda hertingi Ziegler et Shima tachinid fauna of the Phasiinae subfamily of the Russian Far species described in the Primorsky Krai in 1996 for the first East with the fauna of neighboring regions has been presented. time the data on findings in Western, Southern Siberia and The Phasiinae fauna of the Primorsky Krai (Far East of Russia) is characterized as peculiar but closest to the fauna of the Khabarovsk Krai were given. For the first time, southern part of Khabarovsk Krai, Amur Oblast and Eastern Redtenbacheria insignis Egg. for Eastern Siberia and the Siberia. The following groups of regions have been identified: Kuril Islands, Phasia barbifrons (Girschn.) for Western Southern, Western and Eastern Siberia; Amur Oblast and Siberia, and Elomya lateralis (Mg.) and Phasia hemiptera Primorsky Krai, which share many common Holarctic and (F.) were indicated.At the same time, the following species Transpalaearctic species.Special mention should be made of the have been found in the Primorsky Krai, previously known in fauna of the Khabarovsk Krai, Sakhalin Oblast, which are characterized by poor species composition and Japan (having a Russia only in the south of Khabarovsk Krai and in the subtropical appearance). Amur Oblast (Markova, 1999): Phasia aurigera (Egg.), Key words: Diptera, Tachinidae, Phasiinae, tachinid, Phasia zimini (D.-M.), Leucostoma meridianum (Rond.), Russian Far East, fauna.
    [Show full text]
  • Diptera: Oestroidea) Magdi S
    El-Hawagry Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control (2018) 28:46 Egyptian Journal of https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-018-0042-3 Biological Pest Control RESEARCH Open Access Catalogue of the Tachinidae of Egypt (Diptera: Oestroidea) Magdi S. El-Hawagry Abstract Tachinid flies are an important group of parasitoids in their larval stage, and all their hosts are of the Arthropoda, almost exclusively other insects, including important insect pests in agriculture and forestry. All known Egyptian taxa of the family Tachinidae are systematically catalogued. Synonymies, type localities, type depositories, world distributions by biogeographic realm(s) and country, Egyptian localities, and dates of collection are provided. A total of 72 tachinid species belonging to 42 genera, 15 tribes, and 4 subfamilies has been treated. Keywords: Tachinid flies, Egyptian taxa, World distribution, Egyptian localities, Dates of collection Background agriculture and forestry. They typically parasitize phytopha- Tachinidae are a large and cosmopolitan family of flies gous larvae of Lepidoptera and Coleoptera or nymphs of within the superfamily Oestroidea. It is the second largest Hemiptera and Orthoptera. Consequently, tachinid flies family in the order Diptera (Irwin et al. 2003), with some have been successfully applied in programs of biological 1500 recognized genera (O’Hara 2016) and more than control against different insect pests (Stireman et al. 2006; 8500 described species (O’Hara 2013) worldwide. How- O’Hara 2008 and Cerretti and Tschorsnig 2010). ever, the estimated true diversity of the family is probably No comprehensive taxonomic studies on the family double the number of the currently known species, mak- Tachinidae have been carried out in Egypt before.
    [Show full text]
  • Natural Efficiency of Parasitism by Billaea Rhynchophorae (Blanchard) (Diptera: Tachinidae) for the Control of Rhynchophorus Palmarum (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
    March-April 2006 273 SCIENTIFIC NOTE Natural Efficiency of Parasitism by Billaea rhynchophorae (Blanchard) (Diptera: Tachinidae) for the Control of Rhynchophorus palmarum (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) JOSÉ INACIO L. MOURA1, RONALDO TOMA2, RICARDO B. SGRILLO3 AND JACQUES H.C. DELABIE4 1Estação Experimental Lemos Maia / CEPLAC, 45690-000 Una, BA, [email protected] 2Museu de Zoologia, USP, Avenida Ipiranga, 481, C. postal 42694, 04299-970 São Paulo, SP 3Seção de Métodos Quantitativos; 4Unidade de Pesquisa Associada Laboratório de Mirmecologia, Convênio UESC-CEPEC, [email protected]. CEPEC/CEPLAC, C. postal 7, 45600-000 Itabuna, BA Neotropical Entomology 35(2):273-274 (2006) Eficiência do Parasitismo Natural por Billaea rhynchophorae (Blanchard) (Diptera: Tachinidae) para o Controle de Rhynchophorus palmarum (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) RESUMO - Foi avaliada a ocorrência do parasitóide Billaea rhynchophorae (Blanchard) em larvas de Rhynchophorus palmarum (L.) em plantações das palmeiras piaçava (Attalea funifera Mart.) e dendê (Elaeis guineensis Jacquin) no Sudeste da Bahia. As porcentagens mensais de parasitismo foram determinadas durante 13 meses, entre novembro de 2000 e novembro de 2001, comparando-se o número de casulos de R. palmarum parasitados e não-parasitados. O índice médio de parasitismo foi 40%, variando de 57% em novembro de 2000 a 18% em julho de 2001. Enquanto não existe método de criação massal do parasitóide, recomenda-se uma prática simples de manejo que visa a preservar seu efeito benéfico nas plantações de palmeiras. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Attalea funifera, Elaeis guineensis, palmeira, Bursaphelenchus cocophilus, ......doença do anel vermelho ABSTRACT - The occurrence of the tachinid parasitoid Billaea rhynchophorae (Blanchard) on larvae of the palm weevil Rhynchophorus palmarum (L.) was evaluated in plantations of piassava palm (Attalea funifera Mart.) and African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacquin), in southeastern Bahia, Brazil.
    [Show full text]
  • Pinery Provincial Park
    PINERY PROVINCIAL PARK One Malaise trap was deployed at Pinery Provincial Park in 2014 (43.26987, -81.82706, 178m ASL; Figure 1). This trap collected arthropods for twenty weeks from April 30 – September 17, 2014. All 10 Malaise trap samples were processed; every other sample was analyzed using the individual specimen protocol while the second half was analyzed via bulk analysis. A total of 1894 BINs were obtained. Half of the BINs captured were flies (Diptera), followed by bees, ants and wasps (Hymenoptera), moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera), and beetles (Coleoptera; Figure 2). In total, 956 arthropod species were named, representing 29.3% of the BINs from the Figure 1. Malaise trap deployed at Pinery Provincial site (Appendix 1). All but 3 of the BINs were assigned Park in 2014. at least to family, and 63.6% were assigned to a genus (Appendix 2). Specimens collected from Pinery represent 215 different families and 743 genera. Diptera Hymenoptera Lepidoptera Coleoptera Hemiptera Trombidiformes Sarcoptiformes Psocodea Entomobryomorpha Araneae Mesostigmata Thysanoptera Blattodea Neuroptera Orthoptera Poduromorpha Julida Mecoptera Opiliones Symphypleona Trichoptera Figure 2. Taxonomy breakdown of BINs captured in the Malaise trap at Pinery. APPENDIX 1. TAXONOMY REPORT Class Order Family Genus Species Arachnida Araneae Araneidae Eustala Eustala rosae Neoscona Neoscona arabesca Clubionidae Clubiona Clubiona pygmaea Elaver Elaver excepta Dictynidae Lathys Lathys pallida Linyphiidae Ceratinops Ceratinops latus Grammonota Grammonota gigas
    [Show full text]