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ADVAITA-SAADHANAA (Kanchi Maha-Swamigal's Discourses)
ADVAITA-SAADHANAA (Kanchi Maha-Swamigal’s Discourses) Acknowledgement of Source Material: Ra. Ganapthy’s ‘Deivathin Kural’ (Vol.6) in Tamil published by Vanathi Publishers, 4th edn. 1998 URL of Tamil Original: http://www.kamakoti.org/tamil/dk6-74.htm to http://www.kamakoti.org/tamil/dk6-141.htm English rendering : V. Krishnamurthy 2006 CONTENTS 1. Essence of the philosophical schools......................................................................... 1 2. Advaita is different from all these. ............................................................................. 2 3. Appears to be easy – but really, difficult .................................................................... 3 4. Moksha is by Grace of God ....................................................................................... 5 5. Takes time but effort has to be started........................................................................ 7 8. ShraddhA (Faith) Necessary..................................................................................... 12 9. Eligibility for Aatma-SAdhanA................................................................................ 14 10. Apex of Saadhanaa is only for the sannyAsi !........................................................ 17 11. Why then tell others,what is suitable only for Sannyaasis?.................................... 21 12. Two different paths for two different aspirants ...................................................... 21 13. Reason for telling every one .................................................................................. -
An Understanding of Maya: the Philosophies of Sankara, Ramanuja and Madhva
An understanding of Maya: The philosophies of Sankara, Ramanuja and Madhva Department of Religion studies Theology University of Pretoria By: John Whitehead 12083802 Supervisor: Dr M Sukdaven 2019 Declaration Declaration of Plagiarism 1. I understand what plagiarism means and I am aware of the university’s policy in this regard. 2. I declare that this Dissertation is my own work. 3. I did not make use of another student’s previous work and I submit this as my own words. 4. I did not allow anyone to copy this work with the intention of presenting it as their own work. I, John Derrick Whitehead hereby declare that the following Dissertation is my own work and that I duly recognized and listed all sources for this study. Date: 3 December 2019 Student number: u12083802 __________________________ 2 Foreword I started my MTh and was unsure of a topic to cover. I knew that Hinduism was the religion I was interested in. Dr. Sukdaven suggested that I embark on the study of the concept of Maya. Although this concept provided a challenge for me and my faith, I wish to thank Dr. Sukdaven for giving me the opportunity to cover such a deep philosophical concept in Hinduism. This concept Maya is deeper than one expects and has broaden and enlightened my mind. Even though this was a difficult theme to cover it did however, give me a clearer understanding of how the world is seen in Hinduism. 3 List of Abbreviations AD Anno Domini BC Before Christ BCE Before Common Era BS Brahmasutra Upanishad BSB Brahmasutra Upanishad with commentary of Sankara BU Brhadaranyaka Upanishad with commentary of Sankara CE Common Era EW Emperical World GB Gitabhasya of Shankara GK Gaudapada Karikas Rg Rig Veda SBH Sribhasya of Ramanuja Svet. -
Revisiting the Rationality of Reincarnation-Talk Ankur Barua
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Apollo Revisiting the Rationality of Reincarnation-Talk Ankur Barua Faculty of Divinity, University of Cambridge A survey of the key arguments that have been developed for and against the rationality of belief in reincarnation shows that often the central dispute is not over what the ‘data’ are but how to assess the ‘data’ from specific metaphysical-hermeneutical horizons. By examining some of these arguments formulated by Hindu thinkers as well as their critiques – from the perspectives of metaphysical naturalism and Christian theology – we argue that one of the reasons why these debates remain intractable is that the ‘theory’ is underdetermined by the ‘data’, so that more than one set of the latter can be regarded as adequate explanations of the former. Keywords: Reincarnation, karma, Underdetermination A survey of the arguments for and against the doctrines of karma and reincarnation, as they are understood across the Hindu traditions, would reveal that the proponents and the critics often disagree not so much over what the ‘evidence’ is, but how to incorporate it within their wider conceptual horizons. As we will see in this essay, while one group would regard the absence of a certain kind of ‘data’ as falsifying the doctrines, this evidential gap would not be viewed by the other as a major epistemic defect. Therefore, one of the reasons why debates 1 for and against the ‘rationality’ of these doctrines continue to be intractable is, to use the vocabulary of philosophy of science, that the theory is underdetermined by the data, so that there are alternative theoretical frameworks that ‘fit’ the same set of data. -
The Aruni (Aruneyi) Upanishad Translated by Swami Madhavananda - Published by Advaita Ashram, Kolkatta
The Aruni (Aruneyi) Upanishad Translated by Swami Madhavananda - Published by Advaita Ashram, Kolkatta Om ! Let my limbs and speech, Prana, eyes, ears, vitality And all the senses grow in strength. All existence is the Brahman of the Upanishads. May I never deny Brahman, nor Brahman deny me. Let there be no denial at all: Let there be no denial at least from me. May the virtues that are proclaimed in the Upanishads be in me, Who am devoted to the Atman; may they reside in me. Om ! Let there be Peace in me ! Let there be Peace in my environment ! Let there be Peace in the forces that act on me ! ’ 1. Om. Aruna s son went to the sphere of Brahma, the Creator, and reaching there “ ” said, Lord, in what way can I relinquish work altogether ? Brahma said to him: You must give up your sons, brothers, friends, and the rest, your hair-tuft and the holy thread, your sacrifices and books regulating them, your scriptures; must give up the (seven upper) spheres entitled Bhur, Bhuvar, Svar, Mahar, Jana, Tapas, and Satya, and the (seven nether) spheres, viz., Atala, Patala, Vitala, Sutala, Rasatala, Talatala and Mahatala, together with the (whole) universe; and must take on the staff and the scanty clothing of the Sannyasin; you must renounce everything else, aye, everything else. 2. The householder, or the Brahmachari, or the Vanaprashta should commit the fires that lead to the different spheres to the fire that is in the stomach, and consign the sacred Mantra, Gayatri, to the fire that is in his own speech, should throw the holy ’ thread on the ground or into water. -
Bhagavata Purana
Bhagavata Purana The Bh āgavata Pur āṇa (Devanagari : भागवतपुराण ; also Śrīmad Bh āgavata Mah ā Pur āṇa, Śrīmad Bh āgavatam or Bh āgavata ) is one of Hinduism 's eighteen great Puranas (Mahapuranas , great histories).[1][2] Composed in Sanskrit and available in almost all Indian languages,[3] it promotes bhakti (devotion) to Krishna [4][5][6] integrating themes from the Advaita (monism) philosophy of Adi Shankara .[5][7][8] The Bhagavata Purana , like other puranas, discusses a wide range of topics including cosmology, genealogy, geography, mythology, legend, music, dance, yoga and culture.[5][9] As it begins, the forces of evil have won a war between the benevolent devas (deities) and evil asuras (demons) and now rule the universe. Truth re-emerges as Krishna, (called " Hari " and " Vasudeva " in the text) – first makes peace with the demons, understands them and then creatively defeats them, bringing back hope, justice, freedom and good – a cyclic theme that appears in many legends.[10] The Bhagavata Purana is a revered text in Vaishnavism , a Hindu tradition that reveres Vishnu.[11] The text presents a form of religion ( dharma ) that competes with that of the Vedas , wherein bhakti ultimately leads to self-knowledge, liberation ( moksha ) and bliss.[12] However the Bhagavata Purana asserts that the inner nature and outer form of Krishna is identical to the Vedas and that this is what rescues the world from the forces of evil.[13] An oft-quoted verse is used by some Krishna sects to assert that the text itself is Krishna in literary -
The Transformation of the Self in Mahayana Buddhism
The Transformation of the Self in Mahayana Buddhism A Theoretical Study Kurethara S. Bose Religious EXPERIENCE AT the ultimate level, it is often said, leads to a radical transformation of the self. The union with the Supreme Being, Brahman, in the Upanishads, and nirvana in Buddhism correspond to a fundamental and radical change in the way the self apprehends itself and the world. Tao in Taoism, Brahman in the Upanishads, and nir vana in Buddhism embody absolute knowledge, the true form of the self and the world. The realization of Brahman and nirvana is the tran scendence of the false understanding of the self and the world, and the realization of the true nature of the self and the world. Once the self at tains true knowledge it overcomes bondage and suffering, which afflict mundane existence, and achieves total freedom. Self and its existential condition are transformed as the conception of the self and the world are transformed. One of the most distinctive features of man is that he is a conscious being. Thought provides the basic framework by which human beings define and apprehend the world and the nature of the self. The form of thought determines the form of conceptual systems, and the form of conceptual systems shapes the form of individual and social action. Knowledge, founded upon thought, gives form, order and meaning to individual expressions. The nature of the self is defined by the concep tion of the self. For the conception of the self determines its expres sions—expressions which define the self. * A shorter version of this study was presented at the annual meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Religion at Washington, D.C., November 5-8, 1992. -
Upanishad Vahinis
Upanishad Vahini Stream of The Upanishads SATHYA SAI BABA Contents Upanishad Vahini 7 DEAR READER! 8 Preface for this Edition 9 Chapter I. The Upanishads 10 Study the Upanishads for higher spiritual wisdom 10 Develop purity of consciousness, moral awareness, and spiritual discrimination 11 Upanishads are the whisperings of God 11 God is the prophet of the universal spirituality of the Upanishads 13 Chapter II. Isavasya Upanishad 14 The spread of the Vedic wisdom 14 Renunciation is the pathway to liberation 14 Work without the desire for its fruits 15 See the Supreme Self in all beings and all beings in the Self 15 Renunciation leads to self-realization 16 To escape the cycle of birth-death, contemplate on Cosmic Divinity 16 Chapter III. Katha Upanishad 17 Nachiketas seeks everlasting Self-knowledge 17 Yama teaches Nachiketas the Atmic wisdom 18 The highest truth can be realised by all 18 The Atma is beyond the senses 18 Cut the tree of worldly illusion 19 The secret: learn and practise the singular Omkara 20 Chapter IV. Mundaka Upanishad 21 The transcendent and immanent aspects of Supreme Reality 21 Brahman is both the material and the instrumental cause of the world 21 Perform individual duties as well as public service activities 22 Om is the arrow and Brahman the target 22 Brahman is beyond rituals or asceticism 23 Chapter V. Mandukya Upanishad 24 The waking, dream, and sleep states are appearances imposed on the Atma 24 Transcend the mind and senses: Thuriya 24 AUM is the symbol of the Supreme Atmic Principle 24 Brahman is the cause of all causes, never an effect 25 Non-dualism is the Highest Truth 25 Attain the no-mind state with non-attachment and discrimination 26 Transcend all agitations and attachments 26 Cause-effect nexus is delusory ignorance 26 Transcend pulsating consciousness, which is the cause of creation 27 Chapter VI. -
The High Court of Orissa,Cuttack List of Business for the Week from Monday, the 13Th January, to Friday,The 17Th January,2020 (Except 15/01/2020)
WEEKLY LIST THE HIGH COURT OF ORISSA,CUTTACK LIST OF BUSINESS FOR THE WEEK FROM MONDAY, THE 13TH JANUARY, TO FRIDAY,THE 17TH JANUARY,2020 (EXCEPT 15/01/2020) CHIEF JUSTICE'S COURT (OLD BUILDING) 13/01/2020 AT 10:30 AM THE HON'BLE THE ACTING CHIEF JUSTICE AND THE HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE S.K.SAHOO (CRIMINAL APPLICATIONS & MOTIONS.) FRESH ADMISSION - TRANSFER OF O.A. 1. WP(C)/17012/2019 ASHOK KUMAR MISHRA M/S.RAMA KRISHNA BISOI (I.A. No.15502/19 at fl.A for V/S P.K.BAIRISAL, XXXXX transfer of O.A. No.1743/19.) SECY. TO GOVT. WORKS 2. WP(C)/20774/2019 RABINDRA KUMAR MANAS PATI (Order No. 02 dated 07.01.2019 PRADHAN S.KAR, P.DAS, S.S.PATI, H.RAY, may kindly be seen ) V/S B.PANDA STATE OF ORISSA 3. WP(C)/23443/2019 PABITRA BEHERA M/S.S.C.MEKAP (With defect.) V/S P.K.BEHERA STATE OF ODISHA 4. WP(C)/28030/2019 SUDARSAN SWAIN M/S.ER.NAGENDRA KUMAR MOHANTY (With defect.) V/S B.K.MOHANTY, B.K.MOHAPATRA, S.K.DASH STATE OF ODISHA 5. WP(C)/28860/2019 HEMALATA NAYAK M/S.SAMARENDRA MOHANTY (With defect.) V/S P.C.MOHARANA STATE OF ODISHA 6. WP(C)/28910/2019 RASHMITA HOTA M/S.SUKANTA KUMAR MISHRA (With defect.) V/S S.S.PRADHAN STATE OF ODISHA 7. WP(C)/29025/2019 ANIRUDHA PUHAN M/S.SURYA NARAYAN PATNAIK (With defect.) V/S P.MOHAPATRA, G.R.SETHY STATE OF ODISHA 8. -
Can Sri Lanka Become Climate Resilient? Adaptation Decisions: an Integrated Climate 02 – by Kanchana Wickramasinghe Information Management System
Contents For Whom the Mobile Phones Ring? Future of 41 Climate Information Delivery in Sri Lanka – by Nimesha Dissanayake and Foreword 01 Manoj Thibbotuwawa Bridging the Climate Information and 43 Green Initiatives in the Blue-Green Budget: Communication Gaps for Eİective Can Sri Lanka become Climate Resilient? Adaptation Decisions: An Integrated Climate 02 – by Kanchana Wickramasinghe Information Management System Facing Climate Change Threats: Index-based Insurance and Climate Importance of Better Information 07 Informationin Sri Lanka: Prospects for - by Athula Senaratne Community-based Rainfall Stations – by Kanchana Wickramasinghe Farmers’ Beliefs and Perceptions of Climate Smart Agriculture: Key to Ensuring Climate Variability and Change: 47 17 Food Security and Rural Livelihood in Sri Lanka Implications on Adaptation Decisions - by Manoj Thibbotuwawa - by Athula Senaratne Sri Lankan Farmers’ Traditional 50 Photo Story Knowledge and Climate Change Predictions 26 - by Dilani Hirimuthogodage Regional Consultation Workshop for an Climate Knowledge: Some Observations 52 – by K. Pasqual and D. S. Premathilake 29 Integrated Climate Information Management System Climate Information Needs of Farmers: What is in Demand? 31 –by Anita Perera and Geethika Maddumage 54 Major Community Participation Events The Climate Challenge: Bridging the 56 Research Profile: Environment, Information Gap through Innovative Natural Resources and Agriculture Climatic Information Products (CIPs) 34 –by Athula Senaratne and Kapila Premarathne Uncertainties and Scientific and Technological Challenges in Weather and Climate Forecasting 37 – by Shiromani Jayawardena Developing Climate Information Products (CIPs) for Farmers: Demand-side Challenges 39 and Necessity for Integrated Approach - by Chandrika Kularathna and Lalith Rajapaksha Foreword Climate uncertainty has become a major economic The third issue of IPS’ climate change magazine is a challenge to Sri Lanka. -
Why I Became a Hindu
Why I became a Hindu Parama Karuna Devi published by Jagannatha Vallabha Vedic Research Center Copyright © 2018 Parama Karuna Devi All rights reserved Title ID: 8916295 ISBN-13: 978-1724611147 ISBN-10: 1724611143 published by: Jagannatha Vallabha Vedic Research Center Website: www.jagannathavallabha.com Anyone wishing to submit questions, observations, objections or further information, useful in improving the contents of this book, is welcome to contact the author: E-mail: [email protected] phone: +91 (India) 94373 00906 Please note: direct contact data such as email and phone numbers may change due to events of force majeure, so please keep an eye on the updated information on the website. Table of contents Preface 7 My work 9 My experience 12 Why Hinduism is better 18 Fundamental teachings of Hinduism 21 A definition of Hinduism 29 The problem of castes 31 The importance of Bhakti 34 The need for a Guru 39 Can someone become a Hindu? 43 Historical examples 45 Hinduism in the world 52 Conversions in modern times 56 Individuals who embraced Hindu beliefs 61 Hindu revival 68 Dayananda Saraswati and Arya Samaj 73 Shraddhananda Swami 75 Sarla Bedi 75 Pandurang Shastri Athavale 75 Chattampi Swamikal 76 Narayana Guru 77 Navajyothi Sree Karunakara Guru 78 Swami Bhoomananda Tirtha 79 Ramakrishna Paramahamsa 79 Sarada Devi 80 Golap Ma 81 Rama Tirtha Swami 81 Niranjanananda Swami 81 Vireshwarananda Swami 82 Rudrananda Swami 82 Swahananda Swami 82 Narayanananda Swami 83 Vivekananda Swami and Ramakrishna Math 83 Sister Nivedita -
The Reality and the Verifiability of Reincarnation
religions Article The Reality and the Verifiability of Reincarnation Ankur Barua ID Faculty of Divinity, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 9BS, UK; [email protected] Received: 31 July 2017; Accepted: 22 August 2017; Published: 24 August 2017 Abstract: We investigate the topic of reincarnation by revisiting a recent debate from the pages of the journal Philosophy East and West between Whitley Kaufman, who presents five moral objections to karma and reincarnation as an explanation for human suffering, and Monima Chadha and Nick Trakakis, who seek to respond to Kaufman’s critiques. Our discussion of four of the problems analysed in their exchange will suggest that while the rejoinders of Chadha and Trakakis to Kaufman consist of plausible logical possibilities which successfully rebut some of his criticisms, the scenarios that they sketch are grounded in specific metaphysical theses about the nature of the human person and the structure of reality. The cogency of the responses that Chadha and Trakakis formulate is integrally related to the acceptance of these metaphysical presuppositions which need to be highlighted more clearly as we seek to understand what is at stake in the dispute. Keywords: reincarnation; karma; verifiability 1. Introduction A conceptual survey of the source-texts and the extensive commentaries of classical Vedantic systems indicate that while they all point to liberation from the karmic cycles of reincarnation (sam. sara¯ ) as the highest goal of human existence, they rarely take up the reality and the dynamics of reincarnation as topics for extensive discussion. The classic debates, for instance, between Advaitins and Vi´sis.t.advaitins¯ are centred around the question of who or what seeks liberation from sam. -
Bibliography for Indian Thought
BIBLIOGRAPHY Akira, Hirakawa (1990). A History of Indian Buddhism from Sakyamuni to Early Mahayana. Translated and edited by Paul Groner. Asian Studies at Hawaii, 36. University of Hawaii Press. Barua, Benimadhab (1921; 1970). A History of Pre–Buddhistic Indian Philosophy. University of Calcutta; Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. An excellent treatment in detail. Basham (1951). History and Doctrines of the Ajivikas: A Vanished Indian Religion. London: Luzac. The only detailed treatment available. ________ (1989). The Origins and Development of Classical Hinduism. Edited and annotated by Kenneth G. Zysk. Boston: Beacon Press. An excellent treatment of the subject, especially notable for its chapter on the Bhagavad Gita. Bouquet, A.C. (1962). Hinduism. Revised edition. (First edition, 1949.) London: Hutchinson & Co. A scholarly, but readable discussion. See Basham (1989) for an updating of some of his views, though Bouquet often contains rather more detail. Buck, William, trans. (1973). Mahabharata. New York: New American Library, Inc. The Mahabharata is an Indian epic full of delightful tales, and great fun to read. Much of it is informed by the philosophy of the late and post-Upanishadic period. Chatterjee, Satischandra, and Dhirendramohan Datta (1954). An Introduction to Indian Philosophy. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. Brief, but well written and clearly thought out, and for that reason often more informative than longer treatments. Collins, Steven (1982). Selfless Persons. Cambridge University Press: 1982. Conze, Edward (1963). Buddhist Thought in India. Three Phases of Buddhist Philosophy. London: George, Allen and Unwin. Some interesting detail on the Scholastic period. ________ (1964). Buddhist Texts Through the Ages. New York: Harper and Row. ________ (1969).