Close Combat Weapon Systems (CCWS)

MISSILES AND SPACE PROGRAMS The Army’s Integrated Air and Missile De - The ITAS features an automatic bore-sight - fense (IAMD) acquisition approach will en - ing capability, aided target tracking, embed - The Program Executive Office (PEO) sure that the materiel solutions for the ded training, BIT/BYTE and traversing unit Missiles and Space provides centralized Army’s AMD Future Force will provide the modifications. These features ensure crew management for all Army air and missile capabilities required by the warfighter. survivability through increased standoff defense and tactical missile programs as range and improved performance in the well as selected Army space programs. The Close Combat Weapon Systems battlefield environment. PEO is responsible for the full life-cycle (CCWS) The TOW weapon system, with its ex - management of assigned programs. The CCWS Project Office manages a tended-range performance, is the long- The PEO Missiles and Space reports to range of antiarmor missile and target ac - range precision heavy antitank/assault the Army Acquisition Executive and is quisition systems. Current programs in - missile of choice for the U.S. Army’s Stryker, aligned with the Aviation and Missile Life clude the Tube-launched, Optically Tracked, Bradley and ITAS-Humvee platforms, and Cycle Management Command at Redstone Wire-guided (TOW) 2, TOW 2A, TOW 2B, the U.S. Marine Corps’ Humvee, light ar - Arsenal, Ala. This materiel enterprise rela - Javelin, Improved Target Acquisition Sys - mored vehicle and AH-1W Cobra plat - tionship enhances the PEO’s ability to pro - tem (ITAS) and Improved Bradley Acquisi - forms. It also can be operated in a dis - vide the world’s finest support to our tion System (IBAS). mounted ground mode. Army, joint service, interagency, and coali - The BGM-71 TOW missile system , with The TOW weapon system entered its pro - tion warfighters and customers while con - the multimission TOW 2A, TOW 2B, TOW duction and deployment phase in 1970. tinuing the Army’s modernization. 2B Aero and TOW Bunker Buster missiles, Since then, multiple variations of the missile The portfolio of programs assigned to the is a long-range, multimission, precision-at - and launcher systems have been fielded. PEO Missiles and Space spans the full spec - tack weapon system used throughout the The obsolete TOW wire guidance link has trum of the acquisition process from system world. TOW is in service in more than 40 been replaced with a radio frequency (RF) development to acquisition, testing, pro - international armed forces and integrated guidance link that is transparent to both the duction, product improvement, fielding, on more than 15,000 ground, vehicle and gunner and all TOW platforms. All TOW sustainment and eventual retirement from helicopter platforms worldwide. TOW is missile variants with RF guidance link have the force. A number of programs are joint also the preferred heavy assault weapon been qualified, and production of TOW 2B programs developed with the other ser - system for NATO, coalition, United Nations RF, TOW Bunker Buster RF, TOW 2A RF vices. Two programs within the PEO are in - and peacekeeping operations worldwide. and TOW Practice RF missiles is ongoing. ternational cooperative development pro - The TOW 2A, TOW 2B, TOW 2B Aero and The Javelin is a shoulder-launched, fire- grams, with other countries sharing in the TOW Bunker Buster missiles can be fired and-forget, manportable, antiarmor and as - development as full partners. from all TOW launchers, ITAS, Stryker an - sault weapon system optimized for attack - In addition to specific acquisition pro - titank guided missile (ATGM) vehicles ing and destroying armored tank targets, grams, the PEO is applying a system- (modified ITAS), and Bradley fighting ve - buildings, bunkers and hovering heli - of-systems acquisition approach to meet hicles. copters. It replaced the Dragon antiarmor war fighters’ needs and obtain the desired ca - The ITAS includes a second-generation missile system and provides a medium- pabilities of the Army Air and Missile De - forward looking infrared (FLIR) that uses range multipurpose capability for infantry, fense (AMD) Future Force. This approach standard advanced dewar assembly (SADA scouts and combat engineers. The system is requires the systems to be restructured into II) technology and an eye-safe laser range- lethal against tanks with conventional, reac - components of sensors, launchers, missiles, finder. The TOW ITAS provides a highly tive armor and a variety of other targets. and Battle Management Command, Con - mobile, adverse weather, day-or-night capa - Javelin has been used successfully in Iraq trol, Communications, Computers and In - bility needed by early entry forces to de - and Afghanistan to defeat armored targets, telligence (BMC 4I), utilizing a standard set stroy advanced threat armor at greater bunkers and hard-to-reach targets in urban of interfaces and networks to communicate. standoff ranges in the main battle area. terrain without endangering friendly forces or noncombatants. The system has two ma - jor tactical components: a reusable com - mand launch unit (CLU) and a missile sealed in a disposable launch tube assembly. The CLU is a compact, lightweight, tar - get-acquisition device that incorporates an integrated day/second-generation thermal sight, launch controls and a gunner’s eye - piece display. The CLU allows the gunner to select two distinct attack mode trajecto - ries: direct attack or top attack. The CLU provides target engagement capability in ad verse weather and countermeasure envi - ronments. The CLU may also be used in the stand-alone mode for battlefield surveil - lance and target detection and has been ef - fective in Afghanistan and Iraq. The missile is 127 mm in diameter with a staring, imaging infrared seeker; a feature- based tracker; dual shaped-charge war - heads; dual in-line solid-propellant launch and flight motors; and the Javelin launch tube assembly, an expendable carbon fiber launch tube to house the missile and inter - BGM-71 Tube-launched, Optically Tracked, Wire-guided Missile System face with the CLU. The complete round is

304 ARMY I October 2013 described as “wooden,” as it requires no pre-use testing or maintenance. The round FIM-92 Stinger shelf life requirement is 10 years. Manportable Air The Javelin system weighs 49 pounds Defense System and its maximum range is more than 2,500 meters. Javelin’s most important technical feature is the use of fire-and-forget technology that allows the gunner to fire and im- mediately take cover. Additional special features are the top-attack and direct-fire modes (for targets under cover), advanced tandem warhead, imaging infrared seeker, target lock-on before launch and soft launch. Soft launch allows Javelin to be fired safely from enclosures and covered fighting positions, increasing gunner survivability. The time required to prepare Javelin for firing is less than 30 seconds, with a reload time of less than 20 seconds. Radar (TPQ-50), Improved Sentinel Radar manned aerial vehicles, cruise missiles, ro- Cruise Missile Defense Systems (AN/MPQ-64), Stinger-based Systems, and tary-wing aircraft and high-performance (CMDS) Integrated Fire Protection Capability In- fixed-wing aircraft. The CMDS Project Office is the central- crement 2-Intercept (IFPC2-I), a pre-major Stinger provides low-altitude defense for ized manager for the Army’s short- and defense acquisition program (MDAP). ground forces against aerial observation or medium-range air defense systems and Stinger-based Systems, Avenger and the attack by threat aircraft. Stinger missiles counterfires radars. CMDS is equipping the Manportable Air Defense System (MAN- have extensive counter-countermeasure ca- current and Future Force with an integrated PADS) provide forward area air defense. pabilities, can engage targets from any as- air and missile defense and counterfires ca- Stinger is a fire-and-forget infrared/ultravi- pect including head-on, and utilize a high- pability. Programs include Joint Land At- olet (IR/UV) missile system. Avenger is explosive, hit-to-kill warhead. tack Cruise Missile Defense Elevated Net- highly mobile and provides shoot-on-the- The AN/MPQ-64 Improved Sentinel ted Sensor System (JLENS), Firefinder move capabilities in day, night and adverse provides 360-degree air surveillance and ac- (TPQ-37), TPQ-53 Radar (which replaces weather operations. Along with Stinger, it is quisition tracking, day or night, in adverse Firefinder), Lightweight Counter Mortar designed to counter hostile, low-flying un- weather conditions and in battlefield envi-

October 2013 I ARMY 305 ronments of dust, smoke, aerosols and en - The AN/TPQ-37 (V) Firefinder Radar is a weapon system transported by Army com - emy countermeasures. The Improved Sen - highly mobile counterfire radar designed for mon mobile platforms, with an integrated tinel contributes to the digital battlefield by automatic first-round location of weapons set of capabilities designed to acquire, track, automatically detecting, classifying, identi - firing projectile-type rounds. The system engage and defeat rockets, artillery and fying and reporting cruise missiles, un - operates in a hostile mode by tracking en - mortar projectiles in flight. It will integrate manned aerial systems, and rotary- and emy fire; enemy fire point of origin loca - into the existing air and missile defense ar - fixed-wing threats. The system’s antiradia - tion coordinates are interfaced to a tactical chitecture. tion missile and electronic countermeasures- fire-control system that will direct counter The Counter-Rocket, Artillery, Mortar resistant performance supports air defense fire. Enemy fire impact point predictions (C-RAM) is an evolutionary, nondevelop - operations across the full spectrum of con - are used to protect soldiers and assets. The mental program initiated by the Army flict. Sentinel modernization efforts include system also tracks friendly weapons, send - Chief of Staff in response to the indirect fire the new AN/TPX-57 mode 5 IFF, a modern - ing registration and fire adjustment infor - (IDF) threat and a validated operational ized radar control terminal, and a router for mation to the fire-control center. It can also needs statement. The primary mission of increased communications flexibility and provide early warning of incoming fire and the C-RAM program is to develop, procure, information assurance. Sentinel has begun allows for the direction of counterfires field and maintain a system of systems production of 56 new radars for divisional when guarding against rocket-, artillery- (SoS) that can detect RAM launches; pro - support: 51 radars will be integrated onto a and mortar-based threats. vide localized warning to the defended new family of medium tactical vehicles The AN/TPQ-53 Radar is a highly mobile area, with sufficient time for personnel to (FMTV) platform and corresponding trail - counterfire target acquisition radar, capable take appropriate action; intercept rounds in ers. Some of the new radars will be used as of locating hostile mortar, artillery and flight, thus preventing damage to ground repair cycle floats to support a depot over - rocket fires in a clutter environment and forces or facilities; and enhance response haul capability. providing friendly artillery registration. to—and defeat of—enemy forces. The Joint Land Attack Cruise Missile The system provides surveillance against The C-RAM capability is a combination of Defense Elevated Netted Sensor System all counterfire threats at increased ranges multiservice fielded and nondevelopmental (JLENS) uses advanced sensor and net - and accuracies, including 360 degrees of item sensors, command-and-control (C2) working technologies to provide 360-de - coverage and 90-degree sector coverage. equipment, warning systems, and a modi - gree wide-area surveillance and precision The principal functions of the system are to fied U.S. Navy intercept system (land-based tracking of land attack cruise missiles. detect, track, classify and accurately deter - phalanx weapon system), with a commer - JLENS detects stressing, terrain-masked mine the point of origin and the point of cial off-the-shelf (COTS) wireless local area cruise missiles and other air-breathing impact of enemy indirect fires. network (LAN). The forward area air de - threats, permitting extended engagement The AN/TPQ-50 Lightweight Counter fense (FAAD) C2 system , also under the ranges for current air defense systems. Mortar Radar (LCMR) performs target de - management of the C-RAM program direc - A JLENS orbit consists of two systems: a tection, verification, tracking and classifica - torate, has been enhanced to integrate the fire-control radar (FCR) system and a wide- tion of enemy and friendly mortar, cannon sensors, weapons and warning systems to area surveillance radar (SuR) system. Each and rocket locations. It provides continuous provide C2 for the C-RAM SoS. C-RAM C2 system is composed of a 74-meter tethered 360-degree detection and location of indi - software correlates RAM sensor data, evalu - aerostat, a mobile mooring station, a radar rect fire-firing weapons. It is small, light - ates the threat, provides early warning, di - system, data and voice communications weight and manportable by two soldiers. rects engagements, and cues counterfire sys - equipment, a control group, and associated When a weapon is detected, the system tems and reaction forces. The C-RAM ground support equipment. JLENS is de - sends a warning message to the operator capability provides correlated air and signed to distribute surveillance, track and indicating a round is being processed. ground pictures and links units to the Army identification data contributing to the single The Integrated Fire Protection Capabil - Mission Com mand systems and the joint de - integrated air picture via link 16 and the co - ity Increment 2-Intercept (IFPC2-I) is a fense network with various forms of commu - operative engagement capability. pre-MDAP effort. It will be a ground-based nications, providing situational awareness and exchange of timely and accurate infor - mation to synchronize and optimize auto - AN/MPQ-64 Sentinel mated shape, sense, warn, intercept, respond and protect decisions. The C-RAM sense- and-warn capability is de ployed to forward operating bases (FOB) in two theaters of op - eration. C-RAM’s sense-and-warn perfor - mance has been extremely successful, pro - viding timely warning for more than 2,500 rocket and mortar attacks against C-RAM FOBs with a minimum of false warnings, saving countless lives. The C-RAM intercept capability is cred - ited with more than 175 successful inter - cepts of rockets and mortar rounds fired at high-value assets. The C-RAM intercept as - sets are undergoing reset and will be fielded to composite Indirect Fire Protection Capa - bility (IFPC) and Avenger battalions as required by the Army. Capability enhance - ments include development and deploy - ment of Ka and Ku band sensors, improved radars for detection of stressing threats, inte - gration of military spectrum communica -

306 ARMY I October 2013 tions, integration with unmanned aerial systems universal ground station and dynamic clearance of unplanned fires. The C-RAM program directorate is also the materiel developer for the accelerated improved intercept initiative (AI3), a rapid- development effort to provide an intercept capability to defeat stressing threats. AI3 is under development, with live-fire testing anticipated for the fourth quarter of fiscal year (FY) 2013. RAM Warn transitioned to an ACAT III e s n

acquisition program as an enduring capa- e f e

bility. RAM Warn is a horizontal technology D

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insertion using C-RAM warning equipment o k h to provide early, localized warning to all s maneuver brigade combat teams (BCT). It O will employ the air defense airspace man- Counter-Rocket, Artillery, Mortar system agement (ADAM) cell already resident in the BCT headquarters as the C2 element; localized or full-area warning over the defense shelter systems for all echelons, built use existing radars in the target acquisition fended area. Timely warning will enable on a baseline known as the ADAM shelter. platoon of the fires battalion as the sense el- those BCT personnel in the hazard area of The Air and Missile Defense Workstation ement; and add enhanced C2, warning de- an inbound IDF threat to seek cover or a (AMDWS) is a common defense/staff plan- vices, controllers and dedicated communi- prone position before impact, thus reducing ning and situational awareness/situational cations devices between the existing radars, casualties. understanding software tool. AMDWS is de- the ADAM cell and warning devices. Inte- The Air and Missile Defense Planning ployed with AMD units at all echelons and gration of this equipment provides a warn and Control System (AMDPCS) provides is also a component of the ADAM. The capability to BCTs for detection of threat the C2 capability for air defense artillery AMDWS performs all aspects of AMD force IDF rounds, transmission of the detection (ADA) brigades, Army air and missile de- operations. It assists in the automated de- data to the C2 element for correlation and fense commands (AAMDC), and maneu- velopment of the intelligence preparation of determination of a predicted point of im- ver BCT and joint force C2 elements such the battlefield; provides situational aware- pact, and passage of the point-of-impact as the battlefield coordination detachments ness; and is capable of planning, coordinat- information to audio and visual alarms for (BCD). AMDPCS provides various air de- ing and synchronizing the air, land, and sea

October 2013 I ARMY 307 battle. AMDWS is the interoperability link tercept system and the sense-and-warn el - and the Patriot radar and launcher compo - for AMD forces with the Army Mission ements of an impending RAM attack. nents connected via an IFCN working in an Command systems and provides the air sit - FAAD C2’s ever-expanding mission en - integrated manner. The FY 2018 capabilities uational input to the common operational compasses the detection, acquisition and are delivered through employing the Pa - picture. identification of enemy mortar and rocket triot radar directly on the IFCN and the The Forward Area Air Defense Com - projectiles, helicopters, fixed-wing aircraft in corporation of IBCS functionality into mand and Control (FAAD C2) system con - and unmanned aerial vehicles; the distribu - ADAM cells, ADA brigade headquarters sists of common hardware, software and tion and dissemination of C2I data among and AAMDC headquarters. Future addi - communications equipment to meet the C2 the AMD units and combined arms ele - tional capabilities include incorporation of and targeting needs of ADA battalions and ments; the provision of early warning; and terminal high-altitude air defense batteries C-RAM deployments. FAAD C2 supports the alerting of supported forces. and composite IFPC/Avenger battalions the AMD mission by providing command, into the AIAMD architecture. control and intelligence (C2I) information Integrated Air and Missile Defense The IBCS EOC consists of an FMTV- to higher, adjacent and lower units. Com - (IAMD) mounted shelter that houses computing puter displays allow commanders access The IAMD Project Office manages the and communications equipment. At the to databases for the air picture, situation Army IAMD (AIAMD) program and is battery level, units will be fielded with an reports, enemy assessments and friendly uniquely structured to enable the develop - EOC and an erectable shelter. The shelter forces. The system provides an embedded ment of an overarching SoS capability with will provide the environmentally condi - training capability that will replicate those all participating ADA components func - tioned work area for the battery staff to exe - situations encountered in actual mission tioning interdependently to provide total cute their Mission Command and fire-con - operation. Evolving software capabilities operational capabilities that the individual trol tasks. At battalion level, two EOCs and are added with each new version through - element systems cannot achieve. The AIA- two shelters will be fielded to accommo - out the FAAD C2 development cycle. The MD program does this by establishing the date the larger staff and computing needs. FAAD C2 system also has the capability to AIAMD architecture and developing the EOCs are identical at all levels and will be interface with joint and NATO C2 systems. IAMD Battle Command Systems (IBCS) fielded with the full suite of common soft - To accomplish its mission, FAAD C2 is inte - Engagement Operations Center (EOC) ware. grated into and interoperates with both that provides the common Mission Com - The IFCN provides the capability for fire- the Army Mission Command systems and mand capability, the integrated fire-control control connectivity and distributed opera - AMDWS. The AMDWS is integrated in network (IFCN) capability for fire-control tions, utilizing common P&F kits that will FAAD C2-equipped battalions at the ADA connectivity and distributed operations, network-enable multiple sensor compo - battery and battalion command posts and is and the common plug and fight (P&F) kits nents, weapon components and the IBCS a product under the AMDPCS program. that network-enable multiple sensor com - EOC. The warfighter information network- The FAAD C2 engagement operations sub - ponents, weapon components and the IBCS tactical (WIN-T) radio forms the basis for system provides the joint air picture via im - EOC while significantly reducing the train - the IFCN. plementation of two-way tactical digital in - ing and logistics footprint through common The P&F kits include two primary com - formation link (TADIL)-A, -B and -J links. Mission Command across the ADA force ponents. The IFCN Relay provides the com - The FAAD C2 system is the backbone for structure. mon plug and fight functionality (B-kit), re - the C-RAM system and assists with digiti - The AIAMD acquisition strategy is to de - quired adaptation layers and the radio/ zation of the battlefield by providing air sit - liver an initial operational capability in FY transport capability to support placing the uational awareness to the supported force 2017 and a set of follow-on product and ca - respective sensor/weapon components on and alerting and cueing to C-RAM systems pability improvements in FY 2018. The FY the IFCN. The P&F A-kits, developed by and FAAD weapons. The FAAD C2 sys - 2017 capabilities are delivered through the the responsible component project offices, tems support C-RAM by receiving and cor - fielding of the IBCS EOC-based AIAMD ar - provide the unique plug and fight function - relating sensor inputs, then alerting the in - chitecture including the IBCS EOC, Sentinel ality and integration of the B-kit as needed.

Joint Attack Munition Systems (JAMS) The JAMS Project Office manages all Army aviation rockets and missiles. Pro - grams include the 2.75-inch Hydra 70 fam - ily of rockets, the small guided munition family, the Hellfire family of missiles and the joint air-to-ground missile (JAGM). The 2.75-inch (70 mm) Hydra 70 Rocket Family encompasses variants of the free- flight rocket that has become the standard ground-attack rocket. The design includes multiple warheads that can be used on the rocket motor. Rockets equipped with vari - ous fuzes and warhead options include: M261 tactical, M267 practice, M151 (10- pound) antipersonnel or canopy/soft bunker, M229 antipersonnel (17-pound), M274 smoke signature, M257 illumination, M264 smoke, M255A1 flechette, and M278 infrared illuminating. The Small Guided Munition Family , al - A 2.75-inch (70 mm) Hydra 70 Rocket is ﬁred from an Apache AH-64D helicopter. though not an official program of record,

308 ARMY I October 2013 provides services to all DoD and govern- ment agencies to procure the Griffin A, Grif- fin B and Viper Strike munitions. Griffin is a 34-pound semiactive laser (SAL) and global positioning system (GPS)-guided munition with three fuze settings: height of burst (HOB), point detonate and delay. Viper Strike is a 42-pound glide munition. Both munitions precisely target personnel in the open, light armor and thin-skin vehicles, reducing collateral damage. The AGM-114 Hellfire Missile Family includes the Hellfire II and Longbow Hell- fire missiles. Hellfire II is a precision-strike, SAL-guided missile. It is the principal air- to-ground weapon system for the Army’s AH-64 Apache, Kiowa Warrior and Gray Eagle, the U.S. Marine Corps’ AH-1W Su- per Cobra and Harvest Hawk fixed-wing aircraft, the U.S. Air Force’s Predator and Reaper unmanned aircraft systems, and numerous allied aircraft around the world. The Laser Hellfire II missile provides A soldier signs a Hellﬁre missile attached to a Warrior unmanned aerial vehicle. point-target precision-strike capability to defeat heavy, advanced armor, individual M/P). The AGM-114R missile will allow a millimeter wave (MMW) radar guidance hard point and nontraditional targets. Hell- pilot to select warhead fuze settings corre- instead of SAL. The MMW seeker provides fire II missiles use an SAL terminal guid- sponding to the target, reduce roll tip-off beyond-line-of-sight fire-and-forget capa- ance. The missile also includes electro-opti- issues from incorporation of inertial mea- bility and the ability to operate in adverse cal countermeasure capability, warhead surement unit (IMU) (replaces attitude weather and battlefield obscurities. improvements and an updated electronic gyro) and provide increased off-axis capa- Since 2003, U.S. servicemembers have fuze. The AGM-114R Hellfire II missile is bility beyond the current limits. fired more than 14,500 Hellfire II missiles in the single variant that replaces all other The Longbow Hellfire (AGM-114L) is combat operations. The precision capability Hellfire II missile configurations (K/N/ also a precision-strike missile, but it uses of the Hellfire missile has made it a weapon

October 2013 I ARMY 309 program adds system improvements to increase performance against evolving threats, meets user needs and enhances joint interoperability. The Joint Tactical Ground Station is a transportable information processing sys - tem that supports combatant commanders and forward-deployed forces with early warning data on ballistic missile launches.

Precision Fires Rocket and Missile Systems (PFRMS) The PFRMS Project Office manages the multiple launch rocket system (MLRS) fam - ily of launchers, which includes the M270A1, high-mobility artillery rocket sys - tem (HIMARS), and the entire suite of rock - ets and missiles for those launchers. Both launchers are capable of supporting and delivering all of the MLRS family of muni - tions (MFoM) including basic, extended- range and guided MLRS (GMLRS) rockets, as well as the Block I/IA and unitary Army M270A1 Multiple Launch Rocket System tactical missile system (ATACMS) variants. The launchers and munitions have proven of choice in overseas contingency opera - ously and operate in a severe electronic to be highly effective and reliable during tions where collateral damage effects are a countermeasures environment are signifi - combat operations. significant concern. The demonstrated per - cant improvements over previous air de - The M270A1 MLRS is a highly mobile, formance against other-than-armor targets fense systems. The combat element of the automated system that fires precision has proven Hellfire to be an adaptable, ca - Patriot missile system is the fire unit, which guided and unguided surface-to-surface pable and reliable missile suited for any consists of a phased-array radar set, an en - rockets and missiles from a tracked plat - battlefield. gagement control station (ECS), an electric form derived from the same chassis used The Joint Air-to-Ground Missile (JAGM) power plant, an antenna mast group, a com - by the Bradley fighting vehicle. The MLRS program will provide a rotary-wing, fixed- munications relay group and up to 16 re - delivers large volumes of firepower in a wing and UAS launched missile system motely located launch stations. The radar short time against critical, time-sensitive that provides line-of-sight capabilities, in - set provides all tactical functions of air - targets. From inside the cab, the crew of cluding precision point targeting (both ac - space surveillance, target detection and three can fire up to 12 MLRS/GMLRS rock - tive and passive) and fire-and-forget seeker tracking, and missile guidance and engage - ets or two ATACMS variants. The launch technologies, increased range, and increased ment support. The ECS provides the hu - platform is scheduled to be upgraded with lethality against soft and hardened moving man interface for command and control of an improved armored cab, providing crew and stationary targets. When fielded, the operations. Each launch station can be survivability enhancements and an up - JAGM will replace legacy aviation-launched equipped with four ready-to-fire PAC-2 or dated fire-control system that mitigates missiles. guidance enhancement missile (GEM) con - electronic obsolescence. The JAGM will increase the warfighter’s figuration missiles sealed in canisters that The M142 HIMARS is the newest launcher operational flexibility by effectively engag - serve as both shipping containers and variant of the MLRS family. HIMARS is a ing a variety of targets on the battlefield, in - launch tubes. highly mobile artillery rocket system offer - cluding advanced heavy and light armored The GEM, GEM+ and PAC-3 missiles pro - ing MLRS firepower on a wheeled chassis vehicles, bunkers, buildings, patrol craft, vide the Patriot missile system with an ad - and is C-130 transportable. HIMARS carries C2 vehicles, transporter/erector launchers, vanced antitactical missile capability. Part - a single six-pack of MLRS/GMLRS rockets artillery systems, and radar and air defense ner nations have deployed Patriot systems or one ATACMS missile on the Army’s stan - systems. Its multimode seeker will provide in support of their defense requirements. dard FMTV 5-ton truck. HIMARS is de - robust capability in adverse weather, day or The Patriot Advanced Capability-3 signed to launch the entire MLRS family of night, and in an obscured/countermeasure (PAC-3) missile program incorporates the munitions. Recently, the entire M142 fleet environment against stationary and mov - battle-proven PAC-3 missile, which uses was retrofitted with an increased crew pro - ing/fleeting high-value targets. hit-to-kill technology for greater lethality tection armored cab and the upgraded against theater ballistic missiles (TBMs) uni versal fire-control system. It is being Lower Tier Project Office armed with weapons of mass destruction. upgraded with long-range communica - The Lower Tier Project Office consists of The PAC-3 missile is the first opera - tions, driver’s vision enhancements and the Patriot missile system , the Patriot Ad - tionally deployed hit-to-kill weapon sys - Blue Force Tracker. During recent combat vanced Capability-3 (PAC-3) and Joint tem capable of defending against air and operations in Southwest Asia, both the Tactical Ground Station. missile defense threats. Up to 16 PAC-3 M270A1 MLRS and the M142 HIMARS The Patriot missile system provides de - missiles can be loaded per PAC-3 up - have consistently provided highly lethal fense of critical assets and maneuver forces graded launch station, increasing fire - and effective long-range precision strike belonging to corps and echelons above power and missile defense capabilities. fires in support of U.S. and coalition forces. corps against aircraft, cruise missiles and The PAC-3 missile’s primary mission is to The MLRS basic rocket and the Ex - tactical ballistic missiles. The Patriot’s fast- defend against TBMs while remaining tended-Range Multiple Launch Rocket reaction capability, high firepower, and abil - able to counter advanced cruise missiles System (ER-MLRS) are free-flight, area-fire ity to track numerous targets simultane - and aircraft. The PAC-3 missile upgrade artillery rockets carrying dual-purpose, im -

310 ARMY I October 2013 proved conventional munition (DPICM) The ATACMS Unitary Missile is a U.S. aircraft and crews at risk. Its precision accu- submunitions. The ER-GMLRS, which ex- Army requirement developed from lessons racy, the absence of potential submunition tends the 31.8-kilometer (km) range of the learned in Kosovo. It was clear that battle- duds and reduced lethal radii overcome col- basic rocket to approximately 45 km, pro- field commanders needed a weapon with lateral damage concerns. The ATACMS QRU vides longer-range rocket capability. The precise guidance and lower lethal radii to was used effectively in OIF and continues to program emerged from lessons learned minimize collateral damage. The ATACMS be highly effective in destroying high-payoff during Operation Desert Storm, in which Quick-Reaction Unitary (QRU) Missile is a targets in OEF. The ATACMS QRU evolved senior-level commanders stated a require- responsive, all-weather, long-range missile into the ATACMS 2000 variant with up- ment for greater range while applauding with a high-explosive, single-burst warhead. graded vertical impact capability to mini- the effectiveness of the basic rocket. The The ATACMS QRU is converted from a mize target altitude error. This vertical im- GMLRS DPICM provides greater accuracy, Block IA missile to the unitary configuration pact capability maximizes warhead effects in with increased overmatch capabilities and a by replacing the APAM submunitions with a complex urban and mountain terrain. reduced logistics footprint over free-flight proven unitary warhead (470-pound SLAM/ Planned modification of Block I missiles rockets. GMLRS incorporates GPS-aided in- Harpoon) and fuze. The missile has a range will replace existing submunitions with a ertial navigation systems. A second GMLRS of 270 km and provides the Army the capa- unitary warhead and air burst capability to variant is the GMLRS Unitary, which inte- bility to attack high-payoff, time-sensitive provide area weapon effects without the grates a 200-pound class unitary warhead targets without placing combat or support risk of unexploded ordnance. in place of DPICM submunitions. This rocket has a range up to 70 km and is effective against a variety of targets. The multimode warhead fuze (impact, delay and air- burst) greatly enhances its employment options in various combat environments. The GMLRS Unitary proved its effectiveness in Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and more recently in Operation Enduring Free- dom (OEF). It has become the indirect-fire weapon of choice in urban areas. The GMLRS Alternative Warhead (AW) is an enhanced, 200-pound fragmentation assembly filled with PBXN-110 high explosive. Upon detonation, the explosive accel- erates two layers of preformed tungsten fragments that are optimized to defeat the required targets. In addition, the warhead has design features to pass insensitive munitions (IM) thermal cookoff and fragment shock initiation environments. The GMLRS AW is designed to comply with DoD’s pol- icy on cluster munitions and unintended harm to civilians. GMLRS AW is in the en- gineering and manufacturing development phase, and production is expected to begin in 2016. The Army Tactical Missile System (A- TACMS) Blocks I and IA Missiles provide long-range, surface-to-surface fire support for Army deep-strike operations. Both AT- ACMS Blocks I and IA are surface-to-surface guided missile systems with antipersonnel/antimateriel (APAM) warheads contain- ing DPICM submunitions. The ATACMS with an APAM warhead attacks soft area targets at ranges well beyond the capability of existing cannons and rockets. Targets include surface-to-surface missile and multiple rocket launcher units; air defense systems; logistics elements; and command, control, and communications complexes. The AT- ACMS Block IA, with enhanced accuracy en- abled by GPS augmentation to its inertial guidance capability, has a 300-km reach. The Block IA began fielding in FY 1998, and retrofit of selected launchers to Block IA capability occurred simultaneously with missile fielding. Fired from M270A1 and HIMARS launchers, it was highly effective in OIF.