Evolutionary Dynamics of Begomovirus Populations: Variability in Cultivated and Non-Cultivated Hosts and Their Quasispecies Nature

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Evolutionary Dynamics of Begomovirus Populations: Variability in Cultivated and Non-Cultivated Hosts and Their Quasispecies Nature ALISON TALIS MARTINS LIMA EVOLUTIONARY DYNAMICS OF BEGOMOVIRUS POPULATIONS: VARIABILITY IN CULTIVATED AND NON-CULTIVATED HOSTS AND THEIR QUASISPECIES NATURE Tese apresentada à Universidade Federal de Viçosa, como parte das exigências do Programa de Pós- Graduação em Fitopatologia, para obtenção do título de Doctor Scientiae VIÇOSA MINAS GERAIS – BRASIL 2012 Ficha catalográfica preparada pela Seção de Catalogação e Classificação da Biblioteca Central da UFV T Lima, Alison Talis Martins, 1982- L732e Evolutionary dynamics of begomovirus populations : 2012 variability in cultivated and non-cultivated hosts and their quasispecies nature / Alison Talis Martins Lima. – Viçosa, MG, 2012. ix, 182f. : il. ; (algumas col.) ; 29cm. Inclui apêndices. Orientador: Francisco Murilo Zerbini Júnior Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Inclui bibliografia. 1. Begomovírus. 2. Geminivírus. 3. Mutação (Biologia). 4. Recombinação (Genética). 5. Evolução (Biologia). I. Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Departamento de Fitopatologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fitopatologia. II. Título. CDD 22. ed. 571.9928 ALISON TALIS MARTINS LIMA EVOLUTIONARY DYNAMICS OF BEGOMOVIRUS POPULATIONS: VARIABILITY IN CULTIVATED AND NON-CULTIVATED HOSTS AND THEIR QUASISPECIES NATURE Tese apresentada à Universidade Federal de Viçosa, como parte das exigências do Programa de Pós- Graduação em Fitopatologia, para obtenção do título de Doctor Scientiae APROVADA: 28 de Agosto de 2012 Prof. Siobain Marie Deirdre Duffy Prof. Karla Suemy Clemente Yotoko Prof. Marisa Vieira de Queiroz Prof. Eduardo Seiti Gomide Mizubuti Prof. Francisco Murilo Zerbini Junior (Orientador) AGRADECIMENTOS À Deus por direcionar meus caminhos permitindo a plena realização de meus sonhos; Aos meus pais, por acreditarem nos meus sonhos e lutarem ao meu lado pela realização de cada um deles e por me ensinarem com muita sabedoria, valores que guardarei por toda a vida; Ao meu irmão, Alexandre, pela amizade e confiança; À minha noiva Gilcimara pela cumplicidade, carinho e atenção; À Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), pela oportunidade de realização deste curso; Ao Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), pela concessão da bolsa de estudo; Ao Professor Francisco Murilo Zerbini, pela oportunidade de crescimento profissional, pela valiosa orientação, dedicação e amizade durante a realização destes trabalhos; À Professora Siobain Duffy, pela amizade, dedicação e por me acolher em seu grupo de trabalho, Aos professores do DFP pela paciência, atenção e amizade; Aos meus amigos do Laboratório de Virologia Vegetal Molecular: André, Álvaro, Amanda, Antônio Wilson, César, Danizinha, Diogo, Fernanda, Jorge, Joyce, Larissa, Marcelo, Márcio, Marcos, Renan, Roberto, Sarah, Sheila, Sílvia e Tathiana. Em especial: Carol, Dani, Fabio, Gloria, pela amizade e pelo agradável ambiente de trabalho; Aos funcionários Joaquim, Fizinho, Délio e Sara pelo apoio para a realização deste trabalho e à amizade durante este tempo; Aos meus avós, que apesar de ausentes, desejaram e sonharam ao meu lado; A todos que ajudaram e apoiaram durante esses anos e contribuíram direta ou indiretamente para a realização deste trabalho. iii BIOGRAFIA ALISON TALIS MARTINS LIMA, filho de Joaquim Pereira Lima Filho e Terezinha Emiliana Martins Lima, nasceu em Ponte Nova, Minas Gerais, no dia 28 de dezembro de 1982. Em 2001 iniciou o curso de Agronomia na Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, graduando-se em março de 2007. No mesmo mês, ingressou no curso de pós-graduação em Fitopatologia em nível de mestrado na mesma universidade, submetendo-se à defesa de dissertação em julho de 2008. Em agosto de 2008, iniciou o curso de Doutorado em Fitopatologia, submetendo-se a defesa de tese em 28 de agosto de 2012. iv CONTENTS Resumo .................................................................................................................................. vi Abstract ................................................................................................................................. viii Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1. Malvaviscus yellow mosaic virus, a recombinant weed-infecting begomovirus carrying a nanovirus-like nonanucleotide and a modified stem-loop structure. ................................................................................................................................ 16 Abstract ............................................................................................................................. 18 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 19 Material and Methods ....................................................................................................... 21 Results .............................................................................................................................. 24 Discussion ......................................................................................................................... 29 Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................... 32 References ........................................................................................................................ 32 CHAPTER 2. Synonymous site variation due to recombination explains higher begomovirus variability in non-cultivated hosts ................................................................... 46 Summary ........................................................................................................................... 49 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 50 Results .............................................................................................................................. 52 Discussion ......................................................................................................................... 58 Methods ............................................................................................................................ 64 Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................... 67 References ........................................................................................................................ 68 CHAPTER 3. The relative contribution of recombination and mutation to the quasispecies nature of begomovirus populations .................................................................. 93 Abstract ............................................................................................................................. 95 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 96 Material and Methods ....................................................................................................... 98 Results .............................................................................................................................. 101 Discussion ......................................................................................................................... 109 References ........................................................................................................................ 116 v RESUMO LIMA, Alison Talis Martins, D.Sc., Universidade Federal de Viçosa, agosto de 2012. Dinâmica evolutiva de populações de begomovírus infectando tomateiro e plantas daninhas. Orientador: Francisco Murilo Zerbini Júnior. Coorientadora: Elizabeth Pacheco Batista Fontes. A família Geminiviridae inclui vírus cujos genomas são compostos de uma ou duas moléculas de DNA fita simples circular, encapsidadas por uma única proteína estrutural em partículas icosaédricas geminadas. A família é composta pelos gêneros Mastrevirus, Curtovirus, Topocuvirus e Begomovirus, definidos com base no tipo de inseto vetor, gama de hospedeiros e organização genômica. Begomovírus (geminivírus transmitidos pela mosca- branca) são responsáveis por sérias ameaças à agricultura. No Brasil, um grande número de novas espécies de begomovírus associadas a hospedeiros cultivados e não cultivados tem sido caracterizado. Este trabalho teve como objetivos: (i) caracterizar molecularmente uma nova espécie de begomovírus infectando naturalmente plantas de Malvaviscus arboreus; (ii) estudar a dinâmica evolutiva de duas populações de begomovírus (Tomato severe rugose virus e Macroptilium yellow spot virus) infectando hospedeiros cultivados (Solanum lycopersicum e Phaseolus vulgaris) e hospedeiros não cultivados (Sida spp. e plantas daninhas leguminosas), utilizando um novo método de particionamento de variabilidade baseado em filogenia; e (iii) estudar a contribuição relativa da recombinação na dinâmica evolutiva de begomovírus de importância mundial. Para o primeiro objetivo, plantas de Malvaviscus arboreus exibindo mosaico amarelo, coletadas nos estados de São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro, foram submetidas à extração de DNA e o genoma viral foi amplificado por meio do mecanismo de amplificação por círculo rolante. A análise das sequências indicou que o vírus corresponde a uma nova espécie de begomovírus para o qual o nome Malvaviscus yellow mosaic virus (MalYMV) é proposto. Interessantemente,
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