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Vespoidea: Pompilidae (Hrabalkovití)

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Vespoidea: Pompilidae (Hrabalkovití) ACTA ENTOMOLOGICA MUSEI NATIONALIS PRAGAE Published 16.xi.2007 Supplementum 11, pp. 111-131 ISSN 0231-8571 Vespoidea: Pompilidae (hrabalkovití) Jakub STRAKA Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44 Praha 2, Czech Republic; e-mail: [email protected] Abstract. Checklist of Pompilidae of the Czech Republic and Slovakia is pre- sented: 100 species are known from the Czech Republic (85 from Bohemia, 92 from Moravia), and 99 from Slovakia. Anoplius alpinobalticus Wolf, 1965 and Priocnemis fastigiata Haupt, 1934 are new species for Bohemia, Arachnospila conjungens (Kohl 1898), Arachnospila rufa (Haupt, 1927) and Dipogon mon- ticolus Wahis, 1972 are new species for Slovakia. Occurrence of the following rare species was confi rmed: Priocnemis pellipleuris Wahis, 1998, Poecilagenia rubricans (Lepeletier, 1845), Arachnospila westerlundi (Morawitz, 1893), Tachy- agetes fi licornis (Tournier, 1889), and Anoplius tenuicornis (Tournier, 1889) for the Czech Republic, Dipogon vechti Day, 1979 and Auplopus rectus (Haupt, 1926) for Bohemia, Aporus pollux (Kohl, 1888), Dicyrtomellus tingitanus (Wolf, 1966), and Priocnemis pellipleuris for Slovakia. The following species have been condi- tionally removed from the Slovak fauna until the material is revised: Priocnemis baltica Blüthgen, 1944, P. bellieri Sichel, 1860, P. diversa Junco, 1947, P. fallax Verhoeff, 1922, P. massaliensis Soyer, 1945, Arachnospila consobrina (Dahlbom, 1843), Evagetes sahlbergi (Morawitz, 1893), Anoplius tenuicornis (Tournier, 1889), and Episyron funerarium (Tournier, 1889). Majority of these species are highly unlikely to occur in Slovakia. Key words. Hymenoptera, Vespoidea, Pompilidae, checklist, new records, Czech Republic, Bohemia, Moravia, Slovakia Introduction The family Pompilidae (spider wasps) Čeleď hrabalkovití (Pompilidae) je ve comprises about 120 described genera and světě zastoupena přibližně 120 rody se zhruba about 5000 described species (WASBAUER 5000 dosud popsanými druhy (WASBAUER 1995). It is divided into three cosmopolitan 1995). Dělíme ji na tři podčeledi (Pepsi- subfamilies (Pepsinae, Pompilinae, and Cero- nae, Pompilinae a Ceropalinae), které jsou palinae), whose members can be found almost rozšířeny kosmopolitně a s jejich zástupci BOGUSCH P., STRAKA J. & KMENT P. (eds.) 2007: Annotated checklist of the Aculeata (Hymenoptera) of the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Komentovaný seznam žahadlových blanokřídlých (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) České republiky a Slovenska. 300 pp. 112 STRAKA: Vespoidea: Pompilidae (hrabalkovití) everywhere, where their hosts/prey – spiders se můžeme setkat prakticky všude, kde žijí – are present (BROTHERS & FINNAMORE 1993). jejich hostitelé/kořist – pavouci (BROTHERS & Altogether 112 species of spider wasps are FINNAMORE 1993). V České republice a na Slo- reliably known from the Czech Republic and vensku bylo dosud spolehlivě zaznamenáno Slovakia. 112 druhů hrabalek ze všech tří podčeledí. Spider wasps are frequently recorded as Fosilní hrabalky jsou nalézány poměrně compressions as well as inclusions in amber. často jak v sedimentárních horninách tak Many well-preserved fossils are known from i v jantaru. Existuje řada dobře dochovaných Eocene-Oligocene, but the oldest known nálezů z třetihor (eocén-oligocén) a nejstarší pompilid fossil was found in a 100 milion dosud nalezený zástupce této čeledi byl years old Cretaceous amber (GRIMALDI & nalezen v 100 miliónů let starém křídovém ENGEL 2005). Recent species are morphologi- jantaru (GRIMALDI & ENGEL 2005). Recentní cally uniform and there is no large difference druhy jsou do značné míry morfologicky in habitus among the representatives. Typical uniformní a zástupci jednotlivých podčeledí characters are long running legs, slender body, se nijak zásadně tvarově neliší. Typické jsou and in the majority of females long curling pro ně dlouhé kráčivé nohy, štíhlé tělo a antennae. Species of the subfamily Pepsi- samice většiny druhů mají dlouhá, zakrou- nae possess more or less visible transverse cená tykadla. Druhy podčeledi Pepsinae groove in the second metasomal sternum, mají více či méně nápadný příčný vtisk na the mesofemur is without subapical spines, druhém sternitu; střední stehna jsou svrchu and metatibia with series of scale-like teeth lysá a bez trnů, a zadní holeně většinou along the dorsal margin (sometimes missing). nesou nápadné šupinkovité hrbolky s trny. Ceropalinae possess conspicuous modifi ca- Druhy podčeledi Ceropalinae mají nápadné tions of the last visible sternum in females modifi kace na posledním viditelném sternu and similar characters in head morphology u samic a nápadně odlišnou morfologii hlavy – large labrum, antennal base and clypeus s velkým svrchním pyskem a tykadly značně more apart than in other groups. Species of the vzdálenými od klypeu. Zástupci podčeledi subfamily Pompilinae have none of the men- Pompilinae naopak žádné takové nápadné tioned features. However, forewing venation znaky nemají. Všechny skupiny pak mají is characteristic for all subfamilies of spider charakteristickou žilnatinu předního křídla wasps (BROTHERS & FINNAMORE 1993). (BROTHERS & FINNAMORE 1993). Spider wasps live on spiders as their ec- Hrabalky loví výhradně pavouky a žijí toparsitoids, predators, or as cleptoparasites jako ektoparazitoidi, predátoři, nebo jako in nests of other pompilid species. One larva kleptoparaziti jiných druhů hrabalek, vždy always feeds on one spider prey. Ectopara- se ale jedna larva vyvíjí jen na jednom jedin- sitoid females paralyse their prey for a short ci pavouka. Samice druhů, které žijí jako term directly in the spider’s burow and do not ektoparazitoidi, kořist krátkodobě paralyzují modify it. Enliven spiders do not leave their v jejich vlastních obydlích, která nijak nemo- shelter and are usually more stationary than difi kují. Pavouci se po probuzení většinou those that are not paralysed. Pompilid larva příliš nepohybují a neopouštějí úkryt. Larva ecloses in two or three days and fastened to hrabalky se vylíhne po dvou až třech dnech the spider’s body sucks its haemolymph. In a přitisknutá na hostitelově těle pomalu Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, Supplementum 11, 2007 113 a short time the spider is killed and eaten. vysává jeho hemolymfu. Během krátké doby Behavior of predatory pompilids is not much larva pavouka zabije a zkonzumuje. Chování different from the behavioral patterns men- druhů žijících jako predátoři se příliš neliší tioned above. They are only more advanced od předchozího způsobu. Tyto druhy jsou in preparation of prey deposition (nest), where důkladnější v přípravě místa (hnízda), kde the larvae fi nish their development. Some se bude larvička vyvíjet. Některé druhy při- species prearrange the nest before the hunt- pravují hnízdní buňky předem, jiné je budují ing, some species prepare the nest after prey až po nalezení kořisti, někdy jen upravením carrying, and others only adjust the spider’s pavoukova úkrytu. Také paralýza, ochromu- shelter. These spider wasps usually use per- jící pohybové ústrojí pavouka, bývá často manent paralysation of their prey. Cleptopara- trvalá. Kleptoparazitické strategie jsou u růz- sitic spider wasps use various strategies that ných hrabalek různé a vznikly pravděpodobně probably evolved independently. Species of nezávisle. Druhy rodu Evagetes Lepeletier, the genus Evagetes Lepeletier, 1845 search 1845 vyhledávají čerstvě uzavřená hnízda for freshly closed nests of other spider wasps, jiných hrabalek, obvykle svého specifi ckého usually of their species specifi c host. The hostitele. Samice, která se prohrabala již do female excavates the cell, eats the host egg buňky s pavoukem, sežere vajíčko hostitelské and lays its own egg onto the spider. If it is hrabalky a naklade vlastní. Pokud je to nutné, necessary, the female stings the spider, and as znovu omráčí pavouka bodnutím žihadla soon as the spider is paralysed, she lays the a teprve potom na něj přilepí malé vajíčko. egg. Also the majority of Ceropales Latreille, Druhy rodu Ceropales Latreille, 1796, které 1796 species are cleptoparasites (in the Czech jsou většinou také kleptoparazitické (u nás Republic probably all), but they use a different pravděpodobně všechny), obvykle sledují strategy. Females shadow their host female samici svého hostitele, když vleče omrá- carrying a paralysed prey to the nest entrance. čeného pavouka směrem k připravenému In a while of inadvertancy to the spider, the hnízdu. Ve chvilce nepozornosti anebo když Ceropales female inserts the tip of her abdo- se hostitelská hrabalka snaží najít cestu přes men into the respiratory tract of the exposed překážku, samice rodu Ceropales vsune konec spider and lays a very small egg there. The zadečku do dýchacího otvoru odloženého deceived host wasp normally fi nishes the pavouka a naklade tam své velmi malé vajíč- carrying of the spider and the construction ko. Nic netušící hostitel pak dokončí cestu of the nest. A small larva ecloses very early obvyklým způsobem. Z vajíčka parazita se and fi rst kills the host egg, after that it starts vylíhne velice brzy drobná larva a jako první to feed normally (O’NEILL 2001). Members zabije konkurenční vajíčko hostitelského of both cleptoparasitic genera are frequently druhu (O’NEILL 2001). V České republice je observed in the Czech Republic. However, in možné se setkat s oběma zmíněnými rody. majority of spider wasp species their specifi c U většiny parazitických (ale i neparazitic- and interesting behaviour is still unknown. kých) druhů je však jejich specifi cké
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