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But That There Is No One-To-One Mapping Between the Semantic Role Goal and Either the Syntactic Relation of Indirect Object Or Any Oblique Relation
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 365 099 FL 021 594 AUTHOR Marlett, Stephen A. _ TITLE Goals and Indirect Objects in Seri. PUB DATE 93 NOTE 21p.; In: Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, 1993. University of North Dakota Session, Volume 37; see FL 021 593. PUB TYPE Reports Research/Technical (143) Speeches/Conference Papers (150) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC01 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Language Research; Language Typology; *Linguistic Theory; Semantics; *Structural Analysis (Linguistics); Syntax; *Tenses (Grammar); Uncommonly Taught Languages; *Verbs IDENTIFIERS *Seri ABSTRACT A number of Seri verbs display a sensitivity to whether a goal, which is a term used for recipients, adressees, etc., is singular or plural. The data presented in this paper are of typological interest. It is argued that Seri has indirect objects, but that there is no one-to-one mapping between the semantic role goal and either the syntactic relation of indirect object or any oblique relation. Data and arguments are also presented that are of theoretical interest. First, it is argued that there are verbs that govern both 3-2 Advancement and 2-3 retreat, establishing the existence of ti.., latter in human language. Second, it is proposed that a degree of simplification of the Seri grammar may be achieved by adopting a Minimality principle. This principle predicts that certain revaluations should not be expected in Seri, and permits simplification of the lexical entries of verbs. (JL) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied -
Borrowing, Sound Change and Reduplication in Iwaidja
Doubled up all over again: borrowing, sound change and reduplication in Iwaidja Nicholas Evans Department of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies Australian National University [email protected] Abstract This article examines the interactions between reduplication, sound change, and borrowing, as played out in the Iwaidja language of Cobourg Peninsula, Arnhem Land, in Northern Australia, a non-Pama-Nyungan language of the Iwaidjan family. While Iwaidja traditionally makes use of (various types of) right-reduplication, contact with two other left-reduplicating languages – one Australian (Bininj Gun-wok) and one Austronesian (Makassarese) – has led to the introduction of several (non-productive) left-reduplicating patterns. At the same time as these new patterns have been entering the language, the cumulative effect of sweeping sound changes within Iwaidja has complicated the transparency of reduplicative outputs. This has left the language with an extremely varied and complicated set of reduplication types, for some of which the analysis is no longer synchronically recoverable by children. Keywords: Australian languages, Iwaidja, language contact, directionality, Makassarese, reanalysis 1. Introduction Despite growing interest in language contact on the one hand, and reduplication on the other, there has been little research to date on how diachrony and language contact impact upon reduplicative patterns. 1 In this article I examine precisely this theme, as played out in the Iwaidja language of Cobourg Peninsula, Arnhem Land, in Northern Australia, a non-Pama-Nyungan language of the Iwaidjan family spoken by around 150 people now mostly living on and around Croker Island in the Northern Territory (see Evans 2000 for a survey of this family). -
A World Revealed by Language: a New Seri Dictionary and Unapologetic Speculations on Seri Indian Deep History
A World Revealed by Language: A New Seri Dictionary and Unapologetic Speculations on Seri Indian Deep History JIM HILLS AND DAVID YETMAN Comcáac quih Yaza quih Hant Ihíip hac: Diccionario Seri-Español- Ingles, compiled by Mary Beck Moser and Stephen A. Marlett. Illustrated by Cathy Moser Marlett. Published by Plaza y Valdés Editores, Mexico City. 947 pages. ISBN: 970–722–453–3. The philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein once mentioned that to imagine a language was to imagine a form of life (Wittgenstein 1953: 19). A comprehensive dictionary of any language exemplifies Wittgenstein’s point, but none more than the trilingual dictionary of the Seri language compiled by Mary Beck Moser and Steven Marlett. The work represents more than fifty years of research and over thirty years of living with the Seris in El Desemboque, Sonora, Mexico, in connection with the Summer Institute of Linguistics of the Wycliffe Bible Translators. The entries are in Seri, Spanish, and English, making the work of value to speakers of all three languages. The roughly six hundred Seris are already using the dictionary. Outsiders visiting them would be well advised to use it as well. The authors included Seri consultants at every step of the compilation. Seris reviewed the entries, suggesting changes and additions. Part of the dictionary’s usefulness lies in its incorporation not merely of single-word or phrase translations, but also of sentences or short paragraphs typically generated by Seris. This is critically important, since meanings are frequently so complex that a simple word-by-word translation simply will not do. As Moser and Marlett have realized, JIM HILLS is a longtime Seri hand and trader in Tucson, Arizona. -
Some Morphological Parallels Between Hokan Languages1
Mikhail Zhivlov Russian State University for the Humanities; School for Advanced Studies in the Humanities, RANEPA (Moscow); [email protected] Some morphological parallels between Hokan languages1 In this paper I present a detailed analysis of a number of morphological comparisons be- tween the branches of the hypothetical Hokan family. The following areas are considered: 1) subject person/number markers on verbs, as well as possessor person/number markers on nouns, 2) so-called ‘lexical prefixes’ denoting instrument and manner of action on verbs, 3) plural infixes, used with both nouns and verbs, and 4) verbal directional suffixes ‘hither’ and ‘thither’. It is shown that the respective morphological parallels can be better accounted for as resulting from genetic inheritance rather than from areal diffusion. Keywords: Hokan languages, Amerindian languages, historical morphology, genetic vs. areal relationship 0. The Hokan hypothesis, relating several small language families and isolates of California, was initially proposed by Dixon and Kroeber (1913) more than a hundred years ago. There is still no consensus regarding the validity of Hokan: some scholars accept the hypothesis (Kaufman 1989, 2015; Gursky 1995), while others view it with great skepticism (Campbell 1997: 290–296, Marlett 2007; cf. a more positive assessment in Golla 2011: 82–84, as well as a neutral overview in Jany 2016). My own position is that the genetic relationship between most languages usually subsumed under Hokan is highly likely, and that the existence of the Ho- kan family can be taken as a working hypothesis, subject to further proof or refutation. The goal of the present paper is to draw attention to several morphological parallels be- tween Hokan languages. -
Complex Landscape Terms in Seri Carolyn O'meara
Complex Landscape Terms in Seri Carolyn O’Meara * and Jürgen Bohnemeyer Department of Linguistics, University at Buffalo Abstract: The nominal lexicon of Seri is characterized by a prevalence of analytical descriptive terms. We explore the consequences of this typological trait in the landscape domain. The complex landscape terms of Seri classify geographic entities in terms of their material consistency and spatial properties such as shape, orientation, and merological relations. This analytical system of linguistic categorization opens up an intriguing window into the conceptualization of the landscape domain. Keywords: [Lexical Semantics, Anthropological Linguistics, Descriptive Linguistics] 1. Introduction In this article, we investigate how the Seri people of Sonora, Mexico, categorize the landscape in which they live through their language. The study of landscape classification is the proper domain of ethnophysiography, a new subfield of cognitive anthropology or ethnosemantics . Ethnosemantics studies semantic domains, primarily in the natural world, and how they are reflected cross-linguistically. Examples of such studies include Berlin and Kay’s seminal work on basic color terms (1969), Lounsbury’s study of kinship terminology (1964), and research on ethnobiological classification like Berlin, Breedlove, and Raven (1974). The overarching question in this line of research is to what extent the linguistic organization of such domains reflects the culture-specific significance and utility of phenomena of the natural world * E-mail address: [email protected] and to what extent it reflects universal principles of categorization. Ethnophysiography extends this research to the domain of geographic entities, asking what native terminologies for entities such as hills, mountain ranges, plateaus, valleys, forests, and bodies of water reveal about culture-specific and universal aspects of the conceptualization of these objects. -
KUNINJKU PEOPLE, BUFFALO, and CONSERVATION in ARNHEM LAND: ‘IT’S a CONTRADICTION THAT FRUSTRATES US’ Jon Altman
3 KUNINJKU PEOPLE, BUFFALO, AND CONSERVATION IN ARNHEM LAND: ‘IT’S A CONTRADICTION THAT FRUSTRATES US’ Jon Altman On Tuesday 20 May 2014 I was escorting two philanthropists to rock art galleries at Dukaladjarranj on the edge of the Arnhem Land escarpment. I was there in a corporate capacity, as a direc- tor of the Karrkad-Kanjdji Trust, seeking to raise funds to assist the Djelk and Warddeken Indigenous Protected Areas (IPAs) in their work tackling the conservation challenges of maintain- ing the environmental and cultural values of 20,000 square kilometres of western Arnhem Land. We were flying low in a Robinson R44 helicopter over the Tomkinson River flood plains – Bulkay – wetlands renowned for their biodiversity. The experienced pilot, nicknamed ‘Batman’, flew very low, pointing out to my guests herds of wild buffalo and their highly visible criss-cross tracks etched in the landscape. He remarked over the intercom: ‘This is supposed to be an IPA but those feral buffalo are trashing this country, they should be eliminated, shot out like up at Warddeken’. His remarks were hardly helpful to me, but he had a point that I could not easily challenge mid-air; buffalo damage in an iconic wetland within an IPA looked bad. Later I tried to explain to the guests in a quieter setting that this was precisely why the Djelk Rangers needed the extra philanthropic support that the Karrkad-Kanjdji Trust was seeking to raise. * * * 3093 Unstable Relations.indd 54 5/10/2016 5:40 PM Kuninjku People, Buffalo, and Conservation in Arnhem Land This opening vignette highlights a contradiction that I want to explore from a variety of perspectives in this chapter – abundant populations of environmentally destructive wild buffalo roam widely in an Indigenous Protected Area (IPA) declared for its natural and cultural values of global significance, according to International Union for the Conservation of Nature criteria. -
Presentations
Presentations CHIE ADACHI AND VERONICA DOBSON community language planning within the context of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians. She has immensely New ways of learning and teaching Arrente - enjoyed working on the development of online curriculum for developing language and culture course online Central and Eastern Arrernte language and culture with elders from Central Australia. The current paper explores ideas and issues around developing curriculum for learning and teaching of an Veronica Dobson is a highly respected elder from Central Indigenous Australian language. As part of a tertiary course Australia. She has extensively worked on the documentation at the newly established Australian Centre for Indigenous and revitalisation of Central and Eastern Arrernte language Knowledges and Education (ACIKE), the Central and Eastern and culture for many years as an educator. She was involved Arrernte language and culture curriculum has been developed. with establishing the orthography of this language. She also This paper presents a story of developing new ways of has extensive ecological knowledge of the land and takes great transmitting the Arrernte knowledge by creating multimode pride and joy in teaching this knowledge to young generations of learning and teaching space and incorporating the oral as well as non-indigenous people. tradition into non-traditional mode of online teaching with the For her significant contribution and services to the community Arrernte people. as a linguist, naturalist and ecologist, Veronica was appointed This paper also addresses the issues of: a Member of Order of Australia in 2011. She is an author of many books on Central and Eastern Arrernte language, land • Approaching and negotiating protocols to protect and and culture, and a figure that many people come across once share the Arrernte knowledge; they start learning about Arrernte. -
Emotion Nouns in Australian Languages: a Case Study and Preliminary Survey
This item is Chapter 16 of Language, land & song: Studies in honour of Luise Hercus Editors: Peter K. Austin, Harold Koch & Jane Simpson ISBN 978-0-728-60406-3 http://www.elpublishing.org/book/language-land-and-song Emotion nouns in Australian languages: a case study and preliminary survey Maïa Ponsonnet Cite this item: Maïa Ponsonnet (2016). Emotion nouns in Australian languages: a case study and preliminary survey. In Language, land & song: Studies in honour of Luise Hercus, edited by Peter K. Austin, Harold Koch & Jane Simpson. London: EL Publishing. pp. 228-243 Link to this item: http://www.elpublishing.org/PID/2016 __________________________________________________ This electronic version first published: March 2017 © 2016 Maïa Ponsonnet ______________________________________________________ EL Publishing Open access, peer-reviewed electronic and print journals, multimedia, and monographs on documentation and support of endangered languages, including theory and practice of language documentation, language description, sociolinguistics, language policy, and language revitalisation. For more EL Publishing items, see http://www.elpublishing.org 16 Emotion nouns in Australian languages: a case study and preliminary survey Maïa Ponsonnet Dynamique du Langage, CNRS/Université Lyon 2 The University of Sydney, Centre of Excellence for the Dynamics of Language 1. Introduction Documenting emotions in Australian languages is a complicated task, not only because of caveats inherent to the privacy of this domain, but also because of additional cultural obstacles specific to the Australian context. Indeed, among Aboriginal groups, emotions are often considered too mundane or sometimes too traumatic to be discussed with strangers (Ponsonnet 2014a). However, linguists who have successfully explored emotions in Australian languages have revealed a wealth of linguistic resources (Turpin 2002; Gaby 2008; Harkins 2001; Ponsonnet 2014b). -
Ucp013-012.Pdf
INDEX* Titles of papers in bold face. Achomawi, 264, 267, 268, 283, £92, Arrow release, 120-122, 272, 334, 388. 293, 296, 299, 301, 314, 315, 320; Arrows and bullets, comparison, 373. basketry, 272. Aselepias, 281. Achomawi language, radical elements, Ash, used for bows, 106. 3-16; verb stems, secondary, 18; Astronomy, 323. suffixes, local, 19-21; pronouns, Athabascan groups, 313, 319, 326; 25-26; phonology, 28-33. bow, 336. Acknowledgments, 69. Atsugewi, 268, 293. Acorns, storage of, 282. Atsugewi language, radical elements, lAdiantum, in basketry, 273. 3-16; suffixes, local, 20; other Adolescence ceremony, girls', 306, verb and noun suffixes, 23; phon- 311-313, 314. ology, 28-33. boys', 314. Badminton, 350, 351, 355, 357, 358. African bow, 343, 384. Balsa (tule balsa, rush raft), 267, Alaskan bow, 338, 380. 268-269. Alcatraz island, 50. Bannerman, Francis, 350. Algonkin groups, 326. Barnes, bow maker, 356. Amelanchier alnifolia (serviceberry), Barton, R. F., 390. 361. Basket, "canoe," 250; as granary, Andaman islands, bow, 343, 384. 282-283. Anderson, R. A., quoted, 42, 44, 45, Basketry, complexes, 272; character- 47, 52-53. istics of, among the tribal groups, Apache bow, 340, 382; arrow, 382. 272-275; materials and tech- Apocynum cannabinum, 281. niques, 273-275; types: bottle- Archery, rounds in: English or York, neck, 273; coiled, 250, 263, 273, 123; American, 123; English, 332, 274; twined, 263, 272-273. See 351. also under names of tribes. Archery, Yahi, 104. Basketry cap, woman 's, 262-263; cap Armor, 299, 357. and hopper, 273; leggings, 262; Arrowheads, plates showing, opp. 103, moccasin, 262; traps, 248. -
Noun Phrase Constituency in Australian Languages: a Typological Study
Linguistic Typology 2016; 20(1): 25–80 Dana Louagie and Jean-Christophe Verstraete Noun phrase constituency in Australian languages: A typological study DOI 10.1515/lingty-2016-0002 Received July 14, 2015; revised December 17, 2015 Abstract: This article examines whether Australian languages generally lack clear noun phrase structures, as has sometimes been argued in the literature. We break up the notion of NP constituency into a set of concrete typological parameters, and analyse these across a sample of 100 languages, representing a significant portion of diversity on the Australian continent. We show that there is little evidence to support general ideas about the absence of NP structures, and we argue that it makes more sense to typologize languages on the basis of where and how they allow “classic” NP construal, and how this fits into the broader range of construals in the nominal domain. Keywords: Australian languages, constituency, discontinuous constituents, non- configurationality, noun phrase, phrase-marking, phrasehood, syntax, word- marking, word order 1 Introduction It has often been argued that Australian languages show unusual syntactic flexibility in the nominal domain, and may even lack clear noun phrase struc- tures altogether – e. g., in Blake (1983), Heath (1986), Harvey (2001: 112), Evans (2003a: 227–233), Campbell (2006: 57); see also McGregor (1997: 84), Cutfield (2011: 46–50), Nordlinger (2014: 237–241) for overviews and more general dis- cussion of claims to this effect. This idea is based mainly on features -
Kakadu National Park Management Plan 2007–2014 Akadu Is Aboriginal Kland
Kakadu Board of Management Kakadu National Park MANAGEMENT PLAN 2007–2014 PLAN MANAGEMENT KAKADU NATIONAL PARK MANAGEMENT PLAN 2007–2014 Design Direction Design 3888 Photos Comb-crested Jacana: Michael Nelson Magpie Goose: Greg Miles Orchid: Michael Nelson Termite mound: Michael Nelson Darter: Michael Nelson Lotus flower: Michael Nelson Fire management: Michael Nelson Tourists at Ubirr art site: Michael Nelson Paperbark trees: Michael Nelson Tourists at Ubirr lookout: Peter Wellings West Alligator Head main beach: Greg Miles 4WD at Gunlom Falls: Michael Nelson Artwork Guided walk: Emily Scheibe Ranger at rock art site: Kristina Williams Fire management: Rhiannon Compton Ranger in boat: Justin Giumelli Pandanus and tree: William Suitor Chapter Pages Photos: Ian Oswald-Jacobs Artwork Lotus flowers and birdlife (page 1): Kodi Nadji Water lily leaves on wetland (page 15): Gail Rotumah Crocodile and landscape (page 17): Curtis Yarrbar Park use – featuring Frilled lizard (page 152): Christine Marie Alangate Designed by Design Direction Printed by CanPrint on Monza Satin (100 per cent recycled stock, from plantation timber) Kakadu National Park MANAGEMENT PLAN 2007–2014 © director of national Parks 2007 iSBn: 978 06 42 55 33 94 this work is copyright. apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process, re-used or redistributed without prior written permission from the director of national Parks. any permitted reproduction must acknowledge the source of any such material reproduced and include a copy of the original copyright notice. requests and enquiries concerning reproduction and copyright should be addressed to: the assistant Secretary Parks australia north gPo Box 1260 darwin nt 0801 director of national Parks australian business number: 13051 694 963 this management Plan provides the general public and Park users/visitors with information about how the Park will be managed for the next seven years. -
Languages with Longer Words Have More Lexical Change Søren
Languages with longer words have more lexical change Søren Wichmann and Eric W. Holman 1. Introduction: Aims and data1 The findings to be presented in this paper were not anticipated, but came about as an unexpected result of looking at how the application of a version of the Levenshtein distance to word lists compares with cognate counting. We were interested in the degree to which the two correlate. The results of this investigation are intrinsically interesting and will be presented in the following section 2, but even more interesting is our finding that differ- ences between counting cognates and measuring the Levenshtein distances vary as a function of average word lengths in the word lists compared. This observation will occupy the remainder of the paper, with section 3 devoted to establishing the sta tis tical significance of the observation across language families, while section 4 establishes the significance within language groups, and section 5 discusses competing explanations. First we briefly explain the specific version of the Levenshtein distance used and the concept of cognate identification. In numerous previous papers, beginning in Holman et al. (2008a), the present authors as well as other members of the network of scholars partici- pating in the project known as ASJP (or Automated Similarity Judgment Pro gram) have applied a computer-assisted comparison of word lists in order to derive a measure of differences among languages. Our method consists in comparing pairs of words to determine the Levenshtein distance, LD, which is defined as the number of substitutions, insertions, and deletions necessary to transform one word into another.