234152 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 17, 1975 with the previous order, that the Senate DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Opportunity Commission for a term of 4 stand in recess until 10 o'clock tomorrow Richard E. Bell, of Maryland, to be an yea.rs. morning. Assistant Secretary of Agriculture. 0cCUPATIOi AL S .'1.FETY AND H EALTH REVIEW The motion was agreed to; and at 6:03 COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION COMMISSION p.m .• the Senate recessed until Friday, Richard E. Bell, of Maryland, to be a Mem­ Frank R. Barnako, of Pennsylvania, to be a July 18, 1975, at 10 a.m. ber of the Board of Directors of the Com· member of the Occupational Safety and modity Credit Corporation. Health Review Commission for a term expir­ ing April 27, 1981. CONFIRMATIONS EQUAL El\IPLOYl\1ENT 0PPORTU ITY COM­ MISSION (The above nominations were approved Executive nominations confirmed by subject to the nominee's commitment to Abner Woodruff Sibal, of Virginia., to be appear and t estify before any duly consti­ the Senate July 17, 1975: General Counsel of the Equal Employment tuted committee of the Senate.)

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS ALCONA MAN BATTLES CANCER the Alpena Rotary Club in 1967 and served A MAJOR REASON WHY WE ARE ON COMMUNITY AND PERSONAL as club secretary-treasurer. He has also held NOW PAYING MORE FOR FOOD LEVEL offices in the American Association of Retired People and the Hubbard Lake Sportsmens' AND WHY IT SHOULD NOT BE and Improvement Association. PERMITTED TO HAPPEN AGAIN HON. PHILIP E. RUPPE "You don't just exist in a comm,mity, you take an active part in it," is his stated OF MICHIGAN philosophy. HON. JACK F. KEMP IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Nevertheless, the decision to return to OF NEW YORK Wednesday, July 16, 1975 community life following his hospital bout TN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES With cancer in October, 1972 wa-s not easy. Mr. RUPPE. Mr. Speaker, I was re­ By his own admission, he came home Wednesday, July 16, 1975 cently heartened by an article appear­ "wrapped in gloom, ready to die." Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, everyone of ing in the Alpena News in my district, "At first I dwelt on the shock of my hav­ us wonders why the price of food has which contained the account of a North­ ing cancer and how no one could understand my problem who hadn't experienced it," he 1·isen so sharply. ern resident who is successfully strug­ recalls. "Gradually, through the outpouring This is a question for which it is well gling against cancer, and is also making of concern by friends and with the help of worth having an accurate answer. a useful contribution to the welfare of several area ministers, I regained a balance. Eliot Janeway-the noted financial his community. Mr. Elry Larsen, of Hub­ "One day it hit me. I realized I needed columnist, author, and edit-0r of the out­ bard Lake, was stricken by this dread to get back into the community. And that's standing monthly economics journal, the disease 2% years ago. Since that time, been the key-getting involved in something Economist--has authored a thoughtful he has remained active, and is for the besides myself, particularly in trying to help answer to this question. second consecutive year the chairman others. That goes an awfully long way toward helping yourself." That answer? of the Alcona County Crusade. I laud In discussing his personal situation, Lar­ That much of our higher food prices is Mr. Larsen for his spirit and hard work, sen emphasized he is not interested in pub­ attributable directly to the Federal Gov­ and commend the article to my colleagues licity for himself, but agreed to an interview ernment's one-sided-unfortunately not as an inspiration for all of u~: with hopes it might in some way help others our's too frequently-agricultural com­ ALCONA MAN BATTLES CANCER O 'f Co;,..01uNrrY 1n his position come to terms with the dis­ modities trade policies, specifically the AND PERSONAL L EVEL ease. He said education of the public about most recent Soviet wheat deal. (By Sue Williams) the disease is his main goal along with mak­ ing known to local cancer patients the help His commentary is well worth reading HUBBARD LAKE.-Elry Larsen is a quiet, available to them within their own com­ by all my colleagues, but especially by gentle, wisp of a. man who enjoys puttering munity through the Alcona Cancer Society. those on the Committee on Ways and 1n his garden, woodworking and participating Alcona's Cancer Crusade will open May 1 Means-with its jurisdiction over trade in community a.ctlvttles. His boyish, elfin, and continue for two weeks. The goal as­ policies-and the Committee on Agricul­ grin and compassion for others almost mask signed to Alcona County is $3,200. Larsen ture-with its obvious jurisdiction over the iron-like resolve of the fighter he carries notes 60 per cent of the funds raised locally :wt thin. farm policies. will stay in the Alcona community and about As Eliot Janeway points out, quit-e Larsen is presently locked in combat With 30 per cent of the remaining funds will go cancer on a community level and a personal toward cancer research. The majority of local convincingly, we have to learn-and very level. He is doing battle as Alcona Cancer funds are spent helping Alcona patients meet quickly-that the long-range interests Crusade chairman and as a Victim of cancer travel expenses to hospitals in Petoskey and of the United States are what must be of the pancreas. Ann Arbor for services they can not receive pursued in our trade and agricultural His modest assessment of this dual chal­ locally. policies, and when we permit a foreign lenge: "Cancer has taken two pokes at me Other services provided by the society in­ country-especially one as inimical to and I've decided to poke back. It's going to clude obtaining educational materials, free have to run to catch me." our way of life as the Soviet Union is­ dressing, loan closet equipment for home ca1·e to In his race against time and the disease, of patients, post operative visiting services, take clear advantage of us, we end Larsen ls ahead on all counts. He has turned rehabilitation services and ministerial co,m­ up paying the penalty for having been a post hospital prognosis of two months into seling upon request. "had." 2 Y:z years packed full of a more enriched life Officers of the Alcona society are Marshall The American farmer has been en­ for himself and others in his community. McGuire-sr, president; Helen Sharboneau, couraged to grow more in recent years. From his crusade chairmanship position vice-president; Mildren La.Forge, secretary­ When he is fortunate enough to have within the Alcona Cancer Society he has treasurer. Serving with them on the society's good weather and has a surplus, he worked to extend concern and greater com­ board of directors are: Mrs. Leslie Mllligan, forts to others suffering from cancer and to should not be penalized for it by stopping Mr. & Mrs. Henry Webb, Mrs. Rodger Wenzel, him from exporting his harvest. educate the community a.bout the improved Mr. & Mrs. Lee La.Forge and Mrs. Marshall diagnostic and treatment techniques for the McGuire-sr. They will assist Larsen in work­ But, neither should the American tax­ disease. ing with over 76 volunteer fund-raisers dur­ payer and consumer be required to sub­ The first "poke" Larsen got from cancer ing the campaign and are available at all sidize-with their dollars and with the was losing his 26-year-old daughter, Karen, times to answer inquiries about the county's effects of inflation-the purchase of to Hodgkins Disease 16 years ago. "There was cancer program. American crops by foreign entities­ no hope for her then," he reports. "But, to­ Larsen, in his second year as crusade day she would have a fifty-fifty chance." count1ies or su1Togate corporations. chairman, plans to spend the next 30 days The 1972 Soviet wheat deal illustrates A native of Manistee, Larsen sold his ''eating, sleeping a.nd dreaming the crusade" Owosso office supply and furnishings business as he travels from one end of the county how the American taxpayer can be ripped in 1967 and moved to Alpena to be near fam­ to another. He acknowledges the crusade ls off by these transactions. In that year the ily members following the death of his first one of the things that has kept him "going." Soviets bought vast tonnage of wheat be­ wife. More recently, he remarried and moved He clearly intends to return that dividend cause of their own crop failures. The to Hubba.rd Lake. by waging a successful 1975 campaign and price of these shipped grains was deter­ Participating in community activities is winning another round in his dual fight mined by the U.S. Department of Agrt­ not a new experience for Larsen. He joined against cancer. culture by setting a "target world price." July 18, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23453 The Department subsidized the differ­ The Russians know that there's no way to torial agreements i:elated to fishing rights. run Russia. without primary dependence on We've roiled over 'for Ecuador, paying her off ence between the target price and the American agriculture. Moreover, they know to commit piracy against our fleets by loan­ price that wheat dealers were asking­ that if American farm products on which ing her money for one percent interest. subsidized with Federal tax dollars. For they are critically dependent are no longer Americans are second-class because we're the Soviet wheat deal, the target world available the Russians are between the devil under the wrong flag. If you want one per­ price was set at $1.63 per bushel. At the and the deep. · cent money, you've got to become Ecua­ time of the deal, the market price was Russia has a population that can't sub­ dorian; if you are an American farmer, approximately $1.69, but the completion sist without an abundance of agricultural you've got to pay at least the prime rate­ of the shipments which took several products. They've got an animal and poultry and then some. population that's eating them out of house The devaluation of the American dollar months the market price had jumped to and home, and even they aren't dumb stands as yet the best example of how we've $2.49. The subsidy, thus, amounted to enough in these matters to feed wheat to mismanaged our foreign affairs. The theory approximately $300 million. their animals and their poultry! They've got on which we did it was that it would make Preceding these transactions, the U.S. t o give them feed grains. our exports cheaper. But, what were our Commodity Credit Corporation had ar­ There's only one place where they can exports? Stuff that the world would have ranged in May 1971 for credit to the hope to get feed grains with reliability as brought more of even if it had been marked Soviet Union for these purchases. The to supply and as to standard and on the up! Food stuffs are the best example. De­ loans were to be available for 3 years, scale that they need it. That's this country. valuation is supposed to make your imports And now, the Russians are trying to break cost more. We did it--and that brought on expiring July of 1975. Credit was ex­ our market! the oil gouge. tended for a total of $750 million, and Do you remember the headlines from a No power in the world lets the proprietary while the rate of interest on these loans couple of years a.go? First, the Russians products of its soil and subsoil be a grab bag :fluctuates according to market condi­ booked a record wheat order from America. for its competitors and enemies. Yet, that's tions, the CCC notes are lower by ap­ Then, they cancelled it. Now, we know the exactly what we have done, and now the con­ proximately one-half-percent than the Russians pretty well, and if there's one thing sumer is paying for it in the form of higher market rates. that their purchasing agents never fail to food costs. · There was another way in which the do, it's to overdo everything they start. If we had played our hand realistically, American people paid for this Soviet What the Russians have done is gamble on America could have it made-because we the futures market. They know that our would give ourselves the first crack at cheap grain deal. The shipment of large vol­ Chicago Board of Trade follows the rest of raw materials. We would also give American umes of grain overseas meant less grain the economy, and they look good buying back farmers and manufacturers a proprietary ex­ left for our own domestic consumption. cheaper commitments that they walked out port market. Instead, we have put the cattle, When demand remains relatively on at higher prices. poultry, dairy and fish economies through stable-as it did here at home-and the AMERICAN FARMERS IN THE MIDDLE the wringer. supply goes down, the classic balances Now what does this have to do with the GOVERNMENT: AMERICA 's BARGAINING AGENT of supply and demand go into effect, and price of groceries? Everything. If you think The Russian wheat deal and these other the price rises. Thus, the domestic price that American farmers are going to go out examples show. just how badly we are mis­ rise in grain as a result of this deal con­ and plant and borrow to plant on the scale playing America's hand at the poker table of tributed directly to increases in the needed to ensure us stability in the market­ the world. Whose fault is it? It's the federal place in the next three years, you've got government's. costs of foods containing wheat. another think coming. In this context, Mr. Janeway's article The only thing that government is is a You're going to see a holdback on the part bargaining agent in dealing with other coun­ is most enlightening: of farmers, a refusal to commit without in­ tries-all of whom are represented against WHAT'S WRONG WITH AMERICA'S FOOD surance-call it a price support, if you all other countries by their respective govern­ POLICIES: WHY YOU'RE PAYING MORE FOR want--unless they can make an honest dol­ ments. The difference is that our government FOOD lar for their investment. In today's economy, bargains against us. (By Eliot Janeway) with the Russians wielding such power, they The Hungarian playwright Molnar once Americans are concerned with the rapidly can't. said, " If you've got a Hungarian for a friend, escalating price of food. Most of us are ab­ On the scale of present-day farmer invest­ you don't need an enemy." Well, if you've solutely amazed at the way grocery prices ment, figuring 18 percent and a three-to-five got t his government for a bargaining agent, have gone up in the past decade, and wonder year payout, a farmer would need from a. you don't need enemies. This is a bi partisan what's wrong with the American system bare minimum of $25,000 to a half-million cri ticism. when it permits such inflation. dollars in order to get anywhere with a. new The problem is not a simple one, but part investment, even if we have enough fertilizer, You might think that this is a conspiracy. of the explanation becomes clearer if we look which we don't. However, it isn't. If it were a conspiracy, it beyond our borders-and realize that the This is the worst corkscrew whipsaw I have wouldn't be working this efficiently. You'd cost of food in this country is not being con­ seen in 40 years. By the time the whole force probably have someone like Howard Hunt trolled within the United States. Instead, it of this manipulated Russian short specula­ messing it up. Think of the problem in terms is our foreign policy that has had a disas­ tion against our grain market has played of a football game: You are facing the op­ trous effect on food prices. itself out, you're going to be looking at the posing line, and they're all cornfed. Every You can take the steel business, the auto wildest, meanest, cruelest food price spiral time that the ball is snapped, they charge/ business, the heavy equipment business­ up again in the next year you have ever Then think of your line. Instead of facing you name it. These don't need export busi­ tried to catch up with. the opposing line, it's facing the same way! ness. There's only one part of the American As if that weren't enough, take a look at The velocity of their going in the right direc­ economy structured into the rest of the some of the other events that we have let tion and yQur going in the wrong direction world: agriculture. t ake place in the past couple of years. First gets up a lot of momentum. Two-thirds of our agricultural output de­ is our sale of corn to Japan. If we put our policy sights on the proposi­ pends on exports, with a few exceptions like Let's suppose that Japan, instead of being tion that we have been subsidizing a cheap citrus. The only agricultural exports we still a bunch of islands with mountains, happened diet for the rest of the world-including our have in this country are the exports we can't to have our corn belt. Have you any idea. how enemies, competitors and creditors--at the give a.way-and, frankly, we've given away much expensive, boxed, frozen chicken we same time we are increasing the cost of food the store! would be eating? Japan wouldn't be selling in this country, we can understand just how THE GREAT RUSSIAN WHEAT DEAL us Japanese corn or soybeans, ltke what we contradictory our foreign and food policies sell to them. We would be eating fabricated. If we begin by recognizing that America. is are today. buying raffle tickets on the way Russia runs processed Ja.panees foods made, shi!)ped and Too few Americans realize that this is the its government domestically-and plays its insured by the Japanese. way it is-or that the media doesn't have hand against us-we'll clear our minds of Take a look at sugar. If the oil shortage any more notion of what it's all a.bout than the misconception that pure and simple is the big phony of this decade, what is the they do. If Americans are to regain control economic or market factors are bouncing us sugar shortage? over food prices, they first have to become around. Now, the smart thing for us to do is deal clued-in on what is going on. Once they I recently visited with Gov. Jim Exon of with Cuba-for cash. We should grab that get a peek at the cards, they then have to Nebraska, probably the most influential new sugar that has been out of this market for take a place at the table and let their voices personality in American agriculture. I told 13 years. There are lots of things you can do be heard. Otherwise, we can look forward to him that if any American operator had just with sugar-not the least of which is to use nothing more than continued food price done to our wheat, corn and soybean markets it for fuel. Sugar can be made i.nto alcohol inflation. what the Russia.us have done in this manip­ and the alcohol can be used as a fuel burn­ Mr. Speakei·, it is not solely a matter of ulation of the market, the Federal Trade er-with no environmental problems, no re­ Commission would have put him out of busi­ fineries, no five-year hangups and no big economics which we here examine. De­ ness in a week. His reply sums up the situa­ investments. terminations as to the extent and nature tion: "Yes, all we have done is say, 'thank Yet another example of our diplomacy of trade in commodities and goods with you.'" leading to disastrous food prices is our terri- the Soviet Union must have other per- 23454 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 17, 1975 spectives. One of those is an awareness dent's wa.y is the hand-wringing going on should do is water down his plan to get that foreign assistance allows the Soviets among several of his advisers, those who be­ Democratic agreement. to continue to divert their controlled re­ lieve controls are intrinsically bad yet who The President holds all the cards. The latest sources from such vital aspects of the fea.r that the absence of controls wlll have Han·is survey on the issue even shows that economy as food production and other dire effects. These voices are telling the by 46 percent to 31 percent Americans favor consumer needs to heavy industrial­ President that if controls expire on August deregulation of oil and gas produced here. 31 the price of oil products Vl·ill rise so He should send up a tough decontrol plan, which then competes with us on the sharply that the economic recovery under­ one the controllers in Congress would love world market-or arms expansion­ way will be aborted, another inflationary to reject, and let them spend their summer which threatens our own national spiral will be ignited, the general public vacations wishing they hadn't. security. will denounce Mr. Ford's free-market dog­ Alexandr Solzhenitsyn addressed him­ matism, and Congress will come back with a self to this very point in his recent ap­ controls program worse than before. REPORT OF SUBCOMMITTEE TO RE­ Given this scenario, which a number o:f pearance before the AFL-CIO at the oil company executives are also carrying VIEW LIQUID METAL FAST Americana Hotel in New York City last around in their heads, the obvious policy to BREEDER REACTOR week. He commented from the penetrat­ follow is one of gradual decontrol, letting ing comprehension of a third-party, out­ that 40 percent of the crude market that is HON. MIKE McCORMACK sider observer of what we have been fixed at $5.25 a barrel rise to the world price doing: over two or three years. If fed the price in­ OF WASHINGTON Our whole slave labor system depends on creabes a little at a time instead of all at I N THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES your (the U.S.'s) economic assistance. It is once, the public will not be vulnerable to Wednesday, July 16, 1975 American trade that allows the Soviet eco­ a demagogic stampede against the oil in­ nomy to concentrate its resources on arma­ dustry. Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, in ments and preparations for war. Remove that The scare scenario is another of those continuation of my practice of keeping trade, and the Soviet economy would be ob­ utter fantasies that occasionally get a grip this body informed of the activities of liged to devote some of those resources to on the minds of supposedly informed people the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy's feeding and clothing and housing the Rus­ (whatever happened to the petrodollar prob­ Subcommittee to Review the National sian people-something this (their) socialist lem anyway?). In fact, the price of gasoline Breeder Reactor Program, I have the fol­ economy has never been able to do. is more likely to fall than to rise after de­ lowing report. Stop sending goods. Let them stand on control. The scenario rests on the observa­ their own feet and see what happens. tion that with decontrol the price of "old" During the period June 28 through domestic crude would leap from $5.25 a bar­ July 4, 1975, the subcommittee conduct­ Whether one believes we should stop rel to $13, the world price plus the $2 tariff­ ed an onsite review of the British, French, trade with the Soviets altogether or and on the hallucination that retail prices and German breeder reactor programs. tighten it up, I think in light of this we would behave more or less in proportion. I wa-s pleased that Representatives JOHN would all agree that we should be much To begin with, since controlled oil is only B. ANDERSON, FRANK HORTON, and AN­ more careful in how we go about it and 40 percent of the total, the current aver­ age price of crude is about $10. Beyond that, DREW J. HINSHAW, and several staff mem­ certainly not subsidize it. the price of crude is a 1·e1atively minor com­ bers of the subcommittee were able to ponent of the retail cost of gasoline; a $l­ accompany me on this trip. The subcom­ DEBATE ON ANOTHER MISLABELED a-barrel increase in crude costs means a 2.5- mittee's impressions of the Western cents-a-gallon increase in gasoline prices. European breeder reactor program as ENERGY BILL So, if the total increase is passed on, lifting formulated during this trip are as fol­ the average price of crude to $13 would mean lows: an increase of 7.5 cents at the gasoline pump, HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI (or 2.5 cents if the President simultaneously IMPRESSIONS OF BREEDER REACTOR DEVELOP­ MENT IN THE UNITED KINGDOM, FRANCE AND OF ILLINOIS lifted the tariff). We doubt that this increase WEST GERMANY BY THE JOINT COMMITTEE IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES would set off riots even in Senator Jackson's offices and it is the most pessimistic possible ON ATOMIC ENERGY'S SUBCOMMITTEE TO RE­ Tuesday, July 15, 1975 prediction. An increase of 7.5 cents is the VIEW THE NATION AL BREEDER REACTOR PRO­ upper limit, the maximum. GRAM Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, as we 1. The Western European nations are continue debate on another mislabeled Actually, anyone who believes elementary economics ought to predict that decontrol unanimous in their belief that current energy energy bill, I direct the attention of the would leave the price of gasoline totally un­ sources are inadequate for future needs, that Members to a very pertinent article changed. Elementary economics teaches that both coal and uranium must be utilized which appeared in the July 11, Wall prices are set at the margin. What matters is more heavily than in the past, and that a Street Journal. not the last additional barrel necessary for breeder reactor is needed to make optimal I am amazed that such an issue that supply to equal demand. Of course, the use of uranium resources. The Liquid Metal marginal barrel of oil 1s now imported at a Fast Breeder Reactor (LMFBR) has been so vitally affects all Americans is the unanimously selected as the most promising subject of such a complete lack of eco­ cost of $13. Decontrol would not change this marginal cost, and therefore would not breeder concept and is under development nomic understanding. As we reduce our change the price of gasoline. by all the industrially advanced nations. dependence on imported oil, we must 2. The Western European nations have What would instead happen would be a re­ forward more agressively than the United stimulate experimental development of distribution of benefits Within the oil indus­ our domestic energy. This means oil, States in committing themselves to breeder try. Those participants now benefitting from demonstration plant construction programs, natural gas, coal, nuclear energy and the vagaries of the federal allocation program and have been substantially successful in this any other economically feasible element would lose their goodies, while the actual mission oriented approach. They have em­ that can be developed as an energy producers of domestic crude would gain. The phasized the construction of prototype ( dem­ Bource. removal of controls would allow the system to onstration) plants which will investigate The America:.1 free enterprise system operate more efficiently, thus tending to re­ the entire range of operating conditions us­ has produced for our citizens a standard duce prices. The extent of this tendency 1s ing existing technology, and are placing ma­ not measurable, but at least it ts no hallu­ jor reliance on gaining experience With those of living that is the envy of the world. cination. plants. You have only to look at the total man­ The sea.re scenario seems by now so in­ 3. For future reactor projects, such as the agerial economy of other countries to grained that President Ford is calllng for a French Super Phenix and German SNR-2, see that we would have to retreat if we gradual decontrol and will announce his plan Western European nations, including Italy opted for state control of our economic soon, which either the Democratic Senate and the Benelux countries, are actively co­ system. or Democratic House will be able to reject operating on the governmental and indus­ The article follows: by simple majority vote. Because liberals trial level. SNR-2, for example, will be have enough votes to do so, and oppose even PRESIDENT FOJU>'S OIL OPPORTUNITY jointly funded by industries in Germany gradual decontrol, chances are they will vote (RWE-51 % ) , Italy (ENEL-33 % ) and France With the government's authority to con­ down the President's plan and send him an (EDF-16%). trol oil prices running out on August 31 extension of his authority to impose controls. 4. Cost overruns of varying magnitudes and Congress running out on a month's We find ourselves rooting for the liberal have appeared frequently in Western Euro­ vacation beginning August 1, President Ford Democrats, because once they have turned pean breed.er programs. Although it does has a delicious opportunity to get rid of the down the President's bill he will be free to not appear possible to make a direct com­ controls to the immediate benefit of the veto the extension and end controls once parison between actual costs in constant economy. It's difficult to see how 1\1:r. Ford and for all. He can then assure his nervous dollars between Western European breeder can fall to benefit politically if he plays the advisers that any problems can be blamed reactors and those under construction or on cards he holds with bold confidence. on the Democrats' refusal to go along with order in the United States, it would appear The only problem standing in the Pres!- his gradual plan. The last thing Mr. Ford that the British and French, having ess~n- July 17, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23456 tially completed their plants before the re­ used to heat a town in this fashion as a UNITED STATES SHOULD LEARN FROM BRITAIN'S cent inflationary spiral, have encountered test of the economic and societal feasibility EXPERIENCE WITH SOCIAL MEDICINE smaller overruns and have enjoyed much of this concept. No country in the world today is exempt lower total program costs than are pro­ from problems in the financing and manage­ jected for the United States and German ment of the delivery of medical care. I am plants. aware of the problems in U.S.A. but I am 5. Funding for the demonstration plants UNITED STATES SHOULD LEARN because I lack direct personal experience of in the Western European nations is almost FROM BRITAIN'S EXPERIENCE American medicine, and secondly because af­ totally provided by their Federal govern­ WITH SOCIALIZED MEDICINE doubly disqualified to discuss them, firstly ments, although varying degrees of industrial ter two visits to U.S.A. I am so heavily preju­ invol ement were observed in the manage­ diced in favour of all things American from ment and conduct of new programs. HON. PHILIP M. CRANE Clam Chowder in Boston to Giradelli ices in 6. Various similarities and differences in OF ll,LINOIS the Flower City and rock climbing in approach were observed in the countries IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Yosemite valley that I could not be relied on visited, such as in the use of the "tank" to make an unbiased analysis. or "loop" type reactor system, in the test­ Wednesday, July 16, 1975 This is not to say that I am a candidate ing of major components in separate facili­ Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, those who for the "brain drain". My family are de­ ties vs. obtaining operating experience in scended from Kentish chiefs and so we have plants, and in the selection of fuel re­ advocate a system of nationalized medi­ seen this country come through some rough processing locations (on-site vs. off-site). cine for the United States tell us that times in the past and I certainly have no However, none of the countries claimed their the socialized medical system in Great intention of getting out now. But we do have breeder technology to be inherently bet ter Britain presents a model which we would a massive fight on our hands and I believe the than that of any other country. do well to emulate. problems in our National Health Service 7. Breeder demonstration plants in the Recently, I and a number of my col­ (N.H.S.) epitomize the problems in the U.K. and France are designed to operate at country as a whole and the way we solve the conditions more stringent than are believed leagues attended a medical meeting in London. One of those who addressed our one will be the way we solve the other. necessary for commercial plants. For the next I have been involved in British medicine generation of plants, certain parameters such group was Dr. Max Gammon. Dr. Gam­ for just over 10 years, first as a hospital doc­ as the operating temperature will likely be mon has been involved in British medi­ tor in the N.H.S. and then, for the past four reduced. cine for more than 10 years, first as a years I have led a team in the development 8. Western European nations estimate that hospital director in the National Health of proposals for an independent hospital there are likely to be 10 million tons of eco­ Service and for the past 4 years in lead­ service. nomically recoverable uranium in the world, In Britain we now have had just over 25 and are basing their breeder plans on each ing a team in the development of pro­ posals for an independent hospital serv­ years of a virtual state monopoly in medicine. nation obtaining a "fair share" of this re­ Your country may be on the verge of em­ source. ice. barking on the development of a state-run 9. The Western European nations con­ Dr. Gammon, viewing the British ex­ health service, and I suggest that it could be sider plutonium to be a national asset. The perience of more than 25 years of social­ of interest to you to know why many of us potential hazards of plutonium are univer­ ized medicine conclude::: that: believe that it is essential to develop an in­ sally recognized, and operating procedures A state-run system of delivery of health dependent system of medical care in Britain and engineered projective systems essentially ca.re should be rejected as damaging to the the same as those in place in the U.S. are today. interests of the patient, the doctor, and other I would like to begin to deal with this employed to assure safe handling of plu­ workers within the service. question by stating as a basic premise some­ tonium. 10. The Western Eul'opean countries are thing which I believe should be acceptable At the present time, there are more to protagonists of both state-run and free anxious to continue and expand technical than 500,000 people in Great Britain on cooperation and information exchange pro­ enterprise medical systems, namely that it is grams with the U.S. They stated satisfaction waiting lists for nonurgent surgical pro­ desirable that essential medical care should in the recently increased U.S. interest in this cedures, such as hip replacement for be denied to no-one by reason of their im­ area. arthritis, varicose vein operations, gall mediate or ultimate inability to pay, and as 11. The French have reported extraordinary bladder surgery-all painful but not usu­ a corollary it is desirable that no-one by success with fuel performance in Phenix to ally life-endangering conditions. More reason of expense incurred in receiving such date. They state that there has not been a care should suffer financial degradation. serious, Dr. Gammon notes: Having stated this basic premise, I would single fuel pin failure among the 20,000 Are the waiting lists for major procedures pins irradiated to 55,000 megawatt/days per like to put to you three propositions: for life-endangering conditions. The Sunday Firstly that: A state-run system of delivery ton in Phenix during almost one year of Times of June 22 reports the case of a 54· operation. They reported a high thermal of health care should be rejected as damaging year-old woman who died after waiting a to the interests of the patient, the doctor and efficiency ( 43 % ) , and an availability factor year for a heart operation. . .. of 77%, including down time for refueling. other workers within the service. 12. When panels of experts in European Socialized medicine has been bad for Secondly that: Such a service carries wider countries (e.g., Royal Commissions) are the British patient, and equally bad for political implications inimical to an orderly appointed to resolve technical matters or the morale of British doctors. Each year economy and a free society. other points of public or governmental con­ Thirdly that: Despite manifest difficulties troversa.ry, their findings are considered to more than 400 doctors leave the coun­ the best hope and the only safe way of pro­ be primary inputs into the policy making try-the product of about four of Eng­ viding good health care for all in a free process, and are generally accepted by the land's medical schools, Many of Eng­ society lies in the development of a healthily public. This is in marked contrast to the land's hospitals are more than 100 years competitive but compassionate free enter­ U.S. where the collective work of experts is old. Dr. Gammon notes that: prise system. sometimes viewed with suspicion, and the The amount of new hospital building I wm deal briefly with the empirical evi­ findings of expert panels a.re not necessarily undertaken under free enterprise in the 25 dence for the unsatisfactory nature of a. considered by some as the most effective years preceding the inception of the Health state-run system of medical care because I basis on which to form public policy. Service in 1948 (including 6 years of war) am quite sure that most of you are f-a.miliar 13. Western European experts believe that exceeded that in the 25 years from 1948 to with it and in any case, no matter how over­ the chain of events that must be hypothe­ the present day under N.H.S. whelming, such evidence can never be con­ sized for a core disruptive accident is so clusive. remote that such accidents are not credible. Dr. Gammon urges a return to the pri­ You will be aware I expect that at the pres­ Nevertheless, the reactors in these countries vate practice of medicine for the doctors ent moment we have in this country rather are constructed with the capability to con­ and patients of Great Britain. Before we mo1·e than 500,000 people on waiting lists for tain a wide range of such non-credible events. non-urgent surgical procedures, such as hip 14. Environmental and safety issues were 1n the United States decide to abandon replacements for arthritis, varicose vein op­ found to play an important part in the our own private practice of medicine, erations, gall bladder surgery-all of them development plans of the countries visited. and replace it with some form of na­ painful conditions but not life-endangering. However, the degree of public concern ex­ tional health insurance, which, in the These people will wait for treatment for pe­ pressed in each country varied, as did the long run, is simply a euphemism for na­ riods ranging from several months to several attention to particular issues. For example, tionalized medicine--we would do well to yea.rs. Those of you who have undergone sur­ the dominant concern in Germany 1s re­ carefully consider the British experience. gery will understand the meaning of thiS in ported to be the disposal of waste heat from terms of individual su1Iering and apprehen­ electric generation, both fossil and nuclear. I wish to share with my colleagues ex­ sion. The Germans are, therefore, using waste heat tracts from a speech by Dr. Max Gam­ More serious are the waiting lists for major from reactors to heat homes and offices in mon delivered at the Tower Hotel, Lon­ procedures for life-endangering conditions. the vicinity of reactors. It ls expected that by don, on June 27, 1975, and insert it into The Sunday Times of June 22nd report.s the 1985 the waste heat from one rea,ctor will be the RECORD at this time: case of a 54-year-old woman, "a priority pa- 23J56 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 17, 1975 tient" who died after waiting a year for a country 10 years or so ago the leading article victions from 20 percent to almost 90 heart operation at the University Hospital stated that "Private practice remained what of Wales. During that period this patient it ought to be, an expensive luxury for those percent in a single year. had her operation cancelled. no less than for whom time is money, or for whom indi­ While much remains to be done to pre­ three times. She eventually died at home and vidual attention is worth the cost." vent the alarming incidence of rape na­ from the description given in the newspaper The case history of the 54-year-old heart tionwide, I am encouraged by reports her end must have been hastened and tor­ patient mentioned. earlier bears witness to that medical and law enforcement per­ mented by an acute anxiety state. what happens when individual attention is sonnel are improving their methods of Turning from patients to sta.tr, deteriora­ replaced by state ca.re-when the state cares, rape prevention, of dealing with rape vic­ tion in morale in the N.H.S. has reached the nobody cares. stage at which earlier this year doctors in You are all well able to extrapolate from tims, and of effective prosecution of rap­ this country took the unprecedented step of here. But I would recommend you to read ists in our courts of law. I commend this engaging in industrial action. According to an article on page 12 of today's "Times" article to my colleagues: Department of Health and Social Security (27th June 1975) on psychiatric practice in [From the Wall Street Journal, July 14, statistics over 400 doctors leave this country the Soviet Union. And don't say it can't hap­ 1975] each year never to return-the product of pen here. or in U.S.A. People as basically not Ri\PE VICTIMS' PLIGHT GETS WIDE ATTEN­ a.bout four of our medical schools. 33 percent so very different the world over, but systems TION FROM POLICE, COURTS of all hospital medical posts are filled by are. overseas doctors, the best of whom regard What is the alternative? Here we come to (By Janice C. Simpson) this country as a staging post en route for the heart of the matter. I believe that here SAN FRANCISCO.-Kate Jackson, a 29-year­ North America. we have the challenge of the last part of the old office manager for an accounting firm, Turning from people to buildings, many 20th century. lives alone here. One morning recently, a man of our hospitals a.re over 100 years old-con­ How do we co-operate without destroying crawled through a window in her apartment, verted workhouses. The amount of new hos­ our indi ,·!duality? warned that he had a knife and raped her. pital bulldfLg undertaken under free enter­ How do we care without tyrannizing? Rape is an astonishingly commonplace prise in the 25 years preceding the inception How do we meet and overcome the momen­ crime, most experts agree. Kate Jackson of the Health Service in 1948 (which in­ tum towards collectivist socialism? (that's not her real name) was one of more cluded 6 years of war) exceeded that in the We have to :find a new dynamic and here I than 50,000 reported cases last year. But if 25 years from 1948 to the present day under believe that Britain has a major part to play. all victims reported the crime, criminologists the N.H.S. We are perhaps further down the repressive say, she would likely be one of perhaps Protagonists of socialized medicine will road of state socialism than any other coun­ 500,000 cases. say that this proves nothing. All that is try in the free world. We almost certainly Kate Jackson's reaction to the rape was needed is a little more money and some will travel a little further down it before we commonplace, too. She was hesitant to call minor modifications to the basic structure. turn, but I believe that we will turn and that the police, having found them unsympathet­ I suggest to you that this argument should we will lead the way out. ic when they investigated a robbery of a be rejected; the problem is inherent in the It is going to be the struggle of our lives, store she once owned. But her anger eventu­ basic philosophy. requiring all our fortitude and all our skill ally overcame her reluctance. I would now therefore like to turn to the and something more. I would like to leave Now she is glad that she reported the theoretical basis of the case. In essence, in you with some words of the Chief Rabbi, Dr. rape. Three officers arrived quickly, urged arguing for delivery of medical ca.re by the Ja.kobovits with which I as a Christian, a her to relax and took the time to drink cof­ state as opposed to the free enterprise unit, doctor and a student of history profoundly fee and make small talk with her. Then they we are accepting one or both of two basic agree. Dr. Jakobovits said: "If there is one questioned her gently about the attack and assumptions: cardinal lesson to be taught by our history, drove her to a hospital so that proper evi­ ( 1) That the state is capable of creating it is that our physical via.billty depends on dence could be obtained. "They were being resources in excess of the aggregate gener­ our spiritual strength rather than the other human beings for a change," she recalls. ated by individuals. In the short term of way round." WOMAN AS VICTIM course it can; the state has better credit fa­ Let us get our priorities right and then, I That change is obvious across the nation. cilities than the individual or private enter­ suggest, we shall find that we are facing Early in the 1970s, feminist groups com­ prise firm and can operate the money-print­ reality. Let us face it fearlessly and with com• plained of a lack of sensitive support given ing press. But in the longer term reality passion. rape victims by medical and law-enforce­ catches up, and in this country we have ment agencies. They pointed to many in­ reached the longer term. We are touching stances where rape victims, already fright­ here on the delusion which lies at the root CONGRESSMAN HEINZ REPORTS ened and humiliated, faced inditrerence or of the inflationary disease. PROGRESS IN RAPE PREVENTION ridicule from officials investigating their If we reject this first assumption as we AND CONTROL cases. The women's groups set up telephone must, but we still question the ability or hot lines and crisis centers to provide raped fitness of free enterprise to deliver compre­ women with emotional support and counsel­ hensive medical ca.re, then we are accepting HON. H. JOHN HEINZ III ing. a second assumption, and that ls OF PENNSYLVANIA Their message hasn't been lost on public (2) That the state is better able to manage IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES officials. In the past year or so, thousands of the personal resources and deliver the re­ rape victims have encountered a more sen­ quirements of the individual than he is Wednesday, July 16, 1975 sitive response than they might have found himself; this is the central thesis of state Mr. HEINZ. Mr. Speaker, in response earlier on the part of police officers, hospi­ socialism. tal attendants, prosecuting attorneys and, I do not believe it to be true. We certainly to the frigh telling rise in the incidence of perhaps more important, state legislators. do not have the time this afternoon to go rape in this country, and the urgent need A major impetus for action has been what into this fundamental argument, but even if to develop more humane methods of as­ appears to be a dramatic nationwide increase it were true, I believe that the implications sisting victims of rape, I have introduced in rape. The Federal Bureau of Investigation of a state monopoly in medicine are so the Rape Prevention and Control Act, estimates that in 1973, the la.test year for malignant that it should be totally rejected. which has been incorporated in the which figures are available, 51,000 forcible Already in this country we are feeling rapes were reported, comps.red with 21,250 in the tightening of the bonds. A recent direc­ health revenue-sharing bill recently passed by both the House and the Senate. 1964. Preliminary 1974 reports indicate a 9% tive from the Department of Health and increase last year. Part of the increase is Social Security has instructed all hospital Because of my continuing interest in probably a result of women's growing will­ boards in this country not to employ doctors rape prevention efforts, I was very much ingness to report rapes. But experts believe it who are not prepared to perform or sanction encouraged by an article which appeared also reflects an actual rise in the incidence of abortions. Thus the state With virtual mo­ in the July 14 issue of the Wall Street rape. An FBI spokesman says rape 1s "prob­ nopoly powers is imposing conditions such Journal entitled "Rape Victims' Plight ably the most underreported crime in the that a doctor may have to choose between the Gets Wide Attention from Police, country." Many criminologists :figure that practice of his chosen profession in his own there a.re upwards of 10 rapes for every one country and the sacrifice of his conscience. Courts." that appears on police blotters. Under such circumstances both history and In that article, which follows, the au­ logic show that most of the best will go and thor details the nationwide effort to in­ FEAR IN THE NIGHT the remainder will be coerced, for how many crease sensitivity to the needs of rape The aftershock of rage, fear and shame can resist a state monopoly when their live­ victims, and to pursue the most effective that seizes most victims ls the maJor reasons lihood is at stake? methods of obtaining rape convictions. so few rapes are reported. The trauma. But perhaps even more serious ls the subtle doesn't disappear quickly, and It can some- erosion or standards affecting even those who My own county of Allegheny, which in­ times build as time goes by, as Kate Jack· are fighting to improve the service. This is cludes the city of Pittsburgh, has created son discovered. The morning after her attack well illustrated by the following quota.tlon a special rape team comprised of male she went to work. That night, she refused from a leading article ln the British Medical detectives, female investigators, and two friends' invitations to stay with them and Journal of 22nd March of this year. Refer· assistant district attorneys, which has remained in her house alone. But Miss Jack· 1·lng to a decline in private private ln this been credited with increasing rape con- son, an unusually strong person, admits, July 17, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARK 23457 "You think you're all right a.nd then find To help build as strong a ca.se as possible, nated attack on the problem. "It's not terri­ that you're not." Ten days after the attack, many prosecuting offices are emphasizing bly useful for the police to be kind and con­ Miss Jackson says she "broke down terribly," good relationships with the victlm. They ex­ elderate and then have the victim abused at and although she continually reassures plain to her how & case 1s tried and why the hospital," says Miss Gates of the Center friends that she is over the shock, she also certs.in embarrassing questions must be for Women's Polley Studies. She advocates notes that lately she ha.s begun to stutter. "I asked. They also work with !amllies to help a coalition in which all public and private never stuttered in my life," she says. Weeks them cope with both the rape and the added agencies work together. One such effort is after the attack, she still keeps the kitchen burden of a public trial. In some cities, in­ Seattle's Rape Reduction Project. light on all night. Her attacker is still at cluding Denver, prosecutors have begun to For over a year and a half, Seattle police, large, a.nd Miss Jackson often wonders if he consult psychiatrists and psychologists for the King County Prosecutor's office, Harbor­ is outside, peering through her window, assistance 1n electing "victim-sensitive" view Medical Center and Rape Relief a waiting for her to go to bed. So fa.r, she has Jurors. YWOA-sponsored crisis center, have worked resisted the temptation to move. "I'm not In spite of progress in the courts, prose­ together to provide a network of continuous about to, dammit," she says. cutors say they can only move as far as the ca.re for the city's rape victims. David Boer­ The new effort to reduce rape and mini­ law allows them. Now. in every pa.rt of the ner, the county's chief criminal deputy mize its emotional impact takes many forms. nation, legislatures are changing sexual stat­ prosecutor, emphasizes the value o! person­ In New York City, for example, a Mayor's utes to make prosecution of rapists easier al exchange between the agencies. The proj­ Task Force on Rape, formed in 1973, helped to make public agencies more sensitive to ect "took the pressure off us from doing it establish four special sex-crime squads. The the plight of victims. alone and when there's a problem, we can an squads work with the city's sex-crime anal­ In Michigan, for example, a year-long ef­ talk it out," he says. ysis unit, a center equipped with the la.test fort supported by over 3,000 women and men Mr. Boerner's office and Sgt. Yumul's unit in technologlca.l crime-detection equipment resulted in the passage of a comprehensive have worked with social workers in the sex­ and staff'ed largely with female officers who criminal sexual-conduct statute. The new ual assault center at Harborvlew to develop are on call 24 hours a. day to interview law widens the definition of force in rape simple forms for doctors to fill out as they victlm.S. cases to include threat of force. It also for­ examine rape victims. The social workers Other police departments, some with bids as irrelevant at a trial any reference to help train the lay counselors at Rape Relief. help !rom local women's groups and other a victim's pa.st sexual experience. Police officers routinely a.sk victims 1f they concerned citizens, are rewriting rape-in­ Michigan's law, effective this year, "puts would like to talk to someone from Rape Re­ vestigation guidelines and a.re holding spe­ the burden of proof on the defense," says lief. And Rape Relief feeds pollce informa­ cia.l "sensitivity-training" sessions for Jan BenDor, a representative of the Michi­ tion about rapes that women don't wish to everyone from the cop on the beat to the gan Women's Task Force, which led the report personally. The reports are anony­ head of the sex-crimes or morals det.a.ll. fight for the law. State Sen. Daniel Cooper, mous and can't be used as evidence, but they They are assigning more women officers to a Democrat from Oakland County and one ca.n help police to track down multiple these details and are forming special rape of the four senators who voted against the rapists. squads, upgrading investigation techniques final statute, worries about lts constitution­ As public agencies grow more sensitive to and trying to establish better images within ality. A recognized llbeml. sen. Oooper was rape victims, the crisis centers-the cata­ their communities. A few police academies, one of the bfil's original supporters. But he lysts for much of the current activity-are including those in New York and Massa-ehu­ says he always felt uneasy about the law's expanding their own services. Centers are setts, now offer specia.l training in rape in­ blanket prohibition of any reference to the actively recruiting volunteers from PTAs and vestigation in their curriculum. victim's past sexual history. "I understand Junior Leagues In an effort to reassure CONVICTIONS ARE RARE that the loopholes have been abused in the women formerly frightened away by the past," he says, "but now I think it's going strong feminlst image most centers pro­ "There's no doubt about it, the stereotyp­ too far the other way." ing attitudes are changing and we've come jected. Others are making an effort to reach a long way," says Sgt. Romero Yumul, head EXIT "LORD HALE" minority women, who are often the most re­ o! the Seattle police department's morals Many other state legislatures are acting luctant to report rapes. detail. Recently, his unit requested a new to abolish references to a woman's prim! Some groups now include men because interviewing room. The present space, sexual experience a.t a rape trial. California they have found that a sensitive man oan which houses the homicide, robbery and and New York recently enacted such laws, comfort some victims. In Philadelphia, the morals details, "leaves a lot to be desired," and action is pending in Ha.wall, Washing• local center spawned a new group, Men Or­ he explains. He is hoping for a brightly ton, Oregon, Delaware and Kansas. ganized Against Rape. It runs what is prob­ painted room, complete with couches, coffee Meanwhile, Alaska legislators are con­ ably the first hot-line phone service to coun­ and women's magazines. sidering a bill to require the assignment of sel husbands, fathers and boyfriends of rape Officer 1141ke Germann, a training officer women officers to rape detalls and to make victims. at the Seattle Police Academy, says that rape "sensitivity training" a mandatory seemingly callous attitudes displayed to­ pa.rt of police education. A number o! states, ward rape victims by policemen a.re "not a including Colorado, are considering abolish­ FEDERAL OVERREGULATION OF matter of intentional cruelty." Rather, he ing what ls known as the "Lord Ha.le" state­ NATION'S BUSINESSMEN says, they have in the past Just treated sex ment-a compulsory warning to the Jury by crimes like any other, abruptly questioning a judge that rape ls a charge "easily made a victim nbout intimate details of the and once made, difficult to defend." Such a HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK attack, without considering the trauma she statement, of course, tends to make convic­ had undergone or making an effort to put tion more difficult. (Lord Hale was an 18th OP OHJ:O her at ease. Officer Germann says that he Century English barrister who successfully IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES now stresses the victim's feelings in his defended a 53-year-old man charged with Wednesday, July 16, 1975 classes on investigating sexual assault. the rape of a 14-year-old. He proved the man Kate Jackson's positive experience with was medically incapable of the crime, and Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, Federal the police hasn't allayed all her fears about his closing words to the jury have become overregulation 1s an increa.s!ng threat t.o working within the system. She worries enshrined in some state crlmlna.l codes.) our Nation's businessmen. More and about the ordeal of a trial, should her assail­ Other states are mulling measures that more of the vital decislonmaking power ant be arrested. Indeed, rape cases are no­ would broaden the definition of rape. In 1s torious for their conviction difficulty. Many eight states, including Texas and Florida, shifting from business management to attorneys, shying away from all but the women's groups are focusing their attack on Washington, D.C., bureaucrats. easiest stranger-a.tta.cks-virgin-in-front-of- the last remalnlng statutes that require a No longer does management have con­ 10-wi.tnesses cases, have offered rape vic­ woman to prove rape through either a cor­ trol over many facets of the business. tims little encouragement. Overworked roborating witness or evidence o! a. struggle, Federal agencies such as OSHA, EPA, prosecutors "don't like to try cases that such as torn clothing. EEOC, CPSC, all issue reams of regula­ can't be won easily," contends Margaret WORKING IN CONCERT tions that affect the basic operation and Gates, director of the Center !or Women's Policy Studies, a Washington, D.C.-based Hospitals and medical centers, too, are profitability of the enterprise. group that conducts research on the eco­ responding to the rape problem. Major hos­ All too often these regulations are is­ nomic and legal status of women. pitals tn Philadelphia, Louisv11le, Denver and sued without regard to cost. An expendi­ There is strong evidence, however, that the Washington, D.C., give free care to rape vic­ ture of thousands of dollars may be re­ new attention rape cases are getting from tims regardless of their ablllty to pay. Bos­ quired to satisfy the whim of some bu- law-enforcement agencies is making them ton City Hospital and Boston College School 1·eaucratic agency. Although businessmen easier to prosecute. A year ago, Pennsyl­ of Nursing offer -a joint program in which 25 have a vital stake in profit and loss they vania's Allegheny County, which includes nurses have been trained to guide rape vic­ losing profit Pittsburgh, had only a 20 % conviction rate tims through the medical examination and are the freedom to make the on rape cases. Nine months after District to give them emotional support. The nurses and loss decisions. This can only lead to Attorney John J. mckton created a special make follow-up calls after the initial hospital economic disaster. rape and child-abuse team of three male de­ visit and sometimes even sit through the Following is an excellent article on the tectives, three ~emale investigators and two trial with the victim.. Federal ove1Tegulat1on problem, which assistant district att-orneys, the conviction Such progress is encouraging but many appeared in the June issue of Nation's rate jumped to almost9C~c. people concerned with rape urge a coordl- Business: 23458 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 17, 1975 WHERE 0VERREGULATION CAN LEAD approval. You can't even get started, unless By forcing it to lay off employees, the com­ government gives you the go-ahead. (An Interview with Dr. Murray L. mission not only added to unemployment, Weidenbaum) That applies to communications-radio, but hurt a group of people who find it espe­ television, cable TV, microwave transmis­ cially hard to get jobs-the handicapped. Government power to control and infl.u­ sion-as well as trucking, for example. Isn't it rare for Washington to put a com­ ence the decisions of business threatens the But it goes beyond. that, doesn't it? pany out of business and people out of W

COMPARISON OF WENNER INITIAL DECISION WITH USPS PROPOSALS IN R 74-1 (WENNER RATES IN PARENTHESES) 4TH·CLASS PHASED RATES: SPECIAL AND LIBRARY

Phased rates {cents) 1 1974-3 1975-4 1976-5 1977--6 1978-7 1979-8 1987-16

Description: Special: 18 19(24) 23(28) 25 28 30(40) ______8 9(12) 9(14) 9 10 10(20) _____ ------Libra~~~~:, pounds_ ------·------• ---=--.------: 6 7 (9) 7(11) 7 7 8 10(29) Additional pounds ______------______--~---· ______----__ -~ 3 3 (5) 3 (5) 4 4 4 5(14)

I Each phased rate step begins on July 6 of the indicated year. For example, step 4 would begin on July 6, 1975. Phasing ends in 1979 for the special 4th class rate and in 1987 for the library rate.

INCREASE IN WENNER'S ULTIMATE RATES OVER CURRENT {1974-75. STEP 3) RATES

Cents Percent Cents Percent

Special: Library! 1st pound ___ ------_____ ------_------n 120 23 38l Additional pounds------1 12 150 l:/J'~~ -pounds-----=------'-·------= 1l 363

CXXI--14'13-Part 18 23466 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 17, 1975 DEFENSE INDUSTRY AND THE felt that the point of no return would be OFFICIAL AGENCY QUESTIONNAIRE AMERICAN ECONOMY reached when,, and if, the peacetime defense EXPLANATION FORM budget equaled or surpassed actual wartime expenditures, a state that some felt could never happen. Only now it has. HON. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM The defense package presently nearing HON. EDWARD I. KOCH O? NEW YORK OF NEW YORK final passage not only exceeds the biggest IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES budgets of the Vietnamese and Korean wars JN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES but even those at the height of World War Wednesday, July 16, 1975 Wednesday, July 16, 1975 II, when more than 10 million Americans Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, a de­ were in the armed forces (2,152,000 are to­ Mr. KOCH. Mr. Speaker, Alan Westin, day). Indeed, the military obligations for the editor of the Civil Liberties Review, a pressing anomaly in the economy of the next fiscal year ($104.7 billion) are greater United States is that, even in peacetime, superb independent journal sponsored by than the cost of the entire government (in­ & we grow ever more dependent on the pro­ cluding defense) during any of the World the ACLU and John Wiley Sons, pub­ duction of war materials for our eco­ War II years. lishers, has devised an "Official Agency nomic well-being. The defense budget The most alarming aspect of this un­ Questionnaire Explanation Form" for continues to grow, and we sell ever-in­ precedented situation is that a great major­ individuals to send to a Government creasing quantities of military hardware ity of Ame1·icans are against it, yet feel agency after they receive an intrusive or helpless to do anything about it. And in uncommunicative questionnaire. to other nations-$8.3 billion in fiscal Congress, many who feel that military spend­ year 1974 alone. Aside from the moral How often is it that individuals receive ing should be cut back also are throwing up these communications from Federal implications of our emerging role as the their hands in despair. world's major supplier of the tools of war, So the juggernaut rolls on, war or no war, agencies and do not know if the request it should be evident to all that we only each year picking up more momentum as to respond to the inquiry is voluntary or make war more likely by continuing on the country increasingly depends upon this compulsory, whether the agency has legal such a course. A major stumbling block wasteful, but massive, spending, not so much authority to ask the questions and what to a change in direction is the havoc that to wage war as to sustain the economy and restraints are put on the disclosure of maintain employment. personal information divulged in the would be wreaked upon many of our most All the experts agree that comparable crucial industries, costing jobs, and sap­ questionnaire response. spending for productive domestic programs For our colleagues who are concerned ping the economic vitality of communi­ would result in a sounder and more prosper­ ties across the Nation which depend on ous economy, but no administration seems to about the right of privacy, I would like defense industries. have the will to switch. to append this "all-purpose citizen's Yet it is clear that we must change di­ All of our Presidents since Eisenhower equalizer" for individual to send to Gov­ rection. Our economy would be far have been patsies for the Pentagon, which ernment agencies. healthier if we could rechannel some of now counts on both Big Business and Big While Mr. Westin has prepared his Labor to support many of its demands, es­ questionnaire, tongue in cheek, some of the funds now flowing into military pro­ pecially at a time when it is claimed that grams and products into goods and serv­ his questions make better sense than the any cut in the defen::;e budget would worsen official questionnaires do. ices for a real peacetime economy. The tho recession. problem is one of cushioning the effect. of Once hooked on this, the addition becomes The questionnaire follows: such reform. permanent, for every year the cure will seem 0 P E'ICIAL AGENCY QUESTIONNAmE EXPLANATION It is up to the Congress to pass legisla­ n1.ore risky, although there is no reason why FORM tion to provide that cushion. The Defense it has to be. In fact, the cure (substituting (By Alan F. Westin) Economic Adjustment Act, introduced by non-defense spending) would be the reve.!·se Have you ever opened your mail to find a myself, Mr. WHALEN, and 28 cosponsors of risky if it were applied intelligently and auestionnaire from the federal, state, or local constructively. A few years ago, when we government asking you to disclose a passel of on May 14, and reintroduced today with started bringing the troops home from Viet­ information about yourself? Have you ever 5 additional cosponsors, provides an ideal nam, there were high hopes of using military felt annoyed at the way some of the questions vehicle for the discussion and shaping of savings to fund long-delayed domestic im­ intrude into your personal life? Have you such a measure. It would provide Fed­ provements. These hopes have been dashed tried to read the microscopic type in the eral assistance to industries and com­ as defense expenditures, instead of receding, "Instructions" section that explained munities for planning conversion to a have gone up almost 50 per cent over what whether you were legally required to answer nondefense-oriented economy, and fi­ they were at the peak of the Vietnamese wa·r. the questionnaire, or that it really was vol­ Moreover, the Pentagon projections call for untary? And even if it said it was "volun­ nancial and other help to workers whose another 50 per cent increase (to about $150 tary," did you find yourself wondering jobs are lost in the conversion process. billion) in the next five years. whether, if you refused to reply, the agency The bill is pending in five committees, The Pentagon, in short, is literally eating that "asked" you to return the questionnaire but no action has been taken on it in America out of house and home. An ever­ might cut off your veteran's benefits, or So­ any of them. I am hopeful that, with the larger sum goes for ships, tanks and pla.nes, cial Security checks, or revoke your driver's support of my colleagues, we can obtain while new housing lags far behind the na­ license? Have you wondered, after spending hearings on the Defense Economic Ad­ tion's needs. As Ben Franklin warned in 1784, an inordinate amount of time answering the justment Act before the end of 1975. "An army is a devouring monster." questions, what is done with the information Only a strong, determined President can you supplied? In yesterday's Washington Post, Clay­ provide relief. Harry Truman, the President If so, you are part of a large American ton Fritchey warned of the dangers in who Mr. Ford says he admires the most, club. Last year the federal government sent continuing down our present path. 1 showed how to do it. He simply set a fiat out over 156 million forms and question­ commend his column to the attention of ceiling on expenditures and ordered the mili­ naires to individuals; by the government's my colleagues: tary chiefs to make the most of it. The re­ own estimates, these took over 63 million THE "DEVOURING MONSTER" sult was the only reduced defense budget in hours to complete. There a.re no comparable all of the post-World War II years. figures for the questionnaire activity of our (By Clayton Fritchey) Despite Mr. Ford's professed concern over 50 states and 3,000 local governments, but Of all the farewell addresses of retiring inflationary expenditures, however, he is still these jurisdictions have been no less active American Presidents, only two are much giving the Pentagon carte blanche to spend in asking us for personal information. remembered, and even they are little as it see fit. Adm. Gene La Rocque (Ret.), To be sure, the government is entitled to heeded. George Washington urged his coun­ now director of the Center for Defense In­ seek out most of the essential information trymen to beware of "entangling alliances," formation, says, "Civilians are in danger of it needs in order to supply the many services and Dwight Eisenhower prophetically warned losing control of the Pentagon:• we expect of it. But so much information, so against the consuming power of the "mili· In this connection, it is not reassuring to many questions, and, sometimes, such absurd tary-industrial complex." note that prominent Pentagon figures are as­ ones? Haven't you ever wished that, some­ The World War II commander was alarmed suming the management of Ford's election how, you could grab the bureaucrat respon­ over the development of a complex that, 1f campaign. Army Secretary Howard Callaway sible for a bothersome questionnaire by the not restrained, could gaither the momen­ is to be campaign chairman; David Packard, scruff of the neck and make the government tum of an unstoppable juggernaut-beyond former Deputy Secretary of Defense, will be answer your questions before you answer the the ability of the public and the Congress to finance chairman; Robert C. Moot, former government's? cope with it any longer. comptroller of the Pentagon, and Assistant CLR Editor Alan Westin won three national Numerous economists and political think­ Defense Secretary Robert Ellsworth are also awards for his book, Privacy and Freedom, ers who shared Eisenhower's concern have being considered for campaign posts. (1967), and served for several years as chair- July 17, 1975 .EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23467 man of the ACLU's Prlv.acy Committee. From be made of it, and you have not made such such a misleading claim on your form or 1969 to 1M2 he directed. the National Acad­ full dlscl~e.. questionnaire. emy of Sctenees' study of the effect of com­ c. You have not indicated .1! my response 13. Will any other government agencies puters on privacy, coauthoring its report. 1s to be voluntary or compulsory, which have regular access to information collected Databanks in a Free Society {1972). Last denies me essential information for deter­ from this form or questionnaire? -Yes -No. year, he was a consultant to Senator Sam mining my response. If "Yes," indicate legal authority for such Ervin's Subcommittee on Constitutional Therefore. lf you wlsb to hear from me you data sharing. Rights and helped draft the federal Prtvacy will have to furnish more information before Does such data-sharing require my con­ Act of 1974. He currently serves on the Na­ I take my valuable time to respond. sent? - Yes - No. If "No," why not? tional Wiretapping Commission, a body cre­ Kindly answer only the questions in Sec­ 14. If I want to inspect the record com­ ated by Congress to review federal and state tion 1I that have been indicated by the boxes piled about me on the basis of my response, wiretapping operations under the 1968 Om­ I have checked in Section I-a. You may am I entitled to do so? - Yes - No. If "No," nibus Crime Control Act. attach additional pages with your answers, explain why not. If "Yes," detail the location Last year, Congress tried to help us all out if necessary. of the file, the procedures for inspection and a bit. It passed the Privacy Act of 1974, which (Boxes not printed). raising issues about the accuracy or com­ provided. some salutary controls over the Notice: I will hold your form or question­ pleteness of the record, and the name and government's intrusive data-collection prac­ naire until I receive your reply. See Section address of the agency official in charge of tices. Starting in late September 1975, the IV of this form for my holding procedures. such access procedures. act requires any federal agency that solicits II. 15. Will your agency supply to any private information from you to state its authority 1. If my answers are required by law, pro­ organlzation lists of names. addresses. and for doing so. to indicate if your response ls vide full citations to the relevant statute, personal characteristics of those who reply mandatory or voluntary, to explain why the executive order, or other authorization for to your form or questionnaire? - Yes - No. government wants the data. collected, to tell such compulsory response, and attach the If "Yes,'' will you obtain my permission first? how the information will be used, and to in· full text along with this answer. - Yes - No. U "No,'' and if this ls based on dlca.te what (ff anything) will happen to you 2. Are answers to all the questions legally the assumption that federal or state freedom­ if you decline to respond. required or only some of them? O All of-information laws do not require you to SO far, very good.. But the Privacy Act D Only some. If "Only some," indicate do so, cite the relevant legal provisions. really doesn't help you as much as it should.. which questions are voluntary. 16. Describe fully the administrative meas­ It covers only federal agencies, leaving the 3. If my answers a.re required by law, what ures that will be taken to guarantee the con­ questionnaires of state, county, and munic­ are the penalties or consequences should I fidentiality and security of my personal data ipal agencies unregulated. It doesn't provide refuse t.o comply? in your files, if you promise such confiden­ an independent board to which you can com­ 4. If my compliance ls voluntary, was your tiality. plain, easily and inexpensively, 1f you think decision to seek this personal information 17. If my Socia.I Security number ha.a been a federal agency is asking unjustifiably nosy from individuals reviewed by any central requested, explain why you need it, since I questions. (In fact, you must bring a.n ex­ agency or authority in the (city) (county) am ,concerned that having this number on pensive and time-consuming lawsuit if you (state) or (federal) government to insure many of my government records makes it wish to cha.llenge an agency's practices.) that this information ls not already collected easy to assemble a comprehensive dossier Furtherm.ore. a lot of the information you somewhere else, and that it ls not unduly about me. Explanation: really should have before you fill out the burdensome or intrusive to the respond­ If I am opposed to giving my Social Se­ questionnaire need not even appear on or ent?-Reviewed by Central Agency-Not Re· cui·ity number, despite your explanation, with it: Where will the data go? Who has viewed.. If "reviewed," indicate the agency would you rather I left that space blank and access to it? How can you get to see and, and specific official who ma.de the review. If returned the form to you with the other if necessary, contest what is put into any file "not reviewed," indicate why not. questions answered. or should I throw the compiled on the basis of your responses? Can 5. If my compliance ls voluntary, do you form in the wa.stebasket?-Return without the agency legally- refuse to disclose the data certify that my answers or my refusal to an­ social security number if you wish-throw if subpoenaed? The government ls required swer wlll never be used in making decisions into wastebasket. to publish this information only once a year about my access to government benefits or 18. Do you have a regular procedure for 1n the Federal Register. Now, the Federal opportunities?-Yes--Ca.nnot so certify. If either destroying the personal lnforma.tlon Register Isn't exactly the most popular or "cannot," explain why. collected by this form or questionnaire after readily accessible periodical in America. If "yes" supply name and title of person a certain period of time, or of updating it for To remedy these weaknesses in the federal in the agency ta.king responsiblllty for mak­ accuracy and timeliness 1f it ls retalned?­ Privacy Act, The Civil Liberties Review offers ing this certtlication. Ha.ve regular purging procedure-update the here its all-purpose citizen's equalizer: the informa.tion--other. Please explain. Name------­ 19. Why didn't your agency put this ex­ Official Agency Questionnah·e Explanation Title------~------Form. It's yours to tear out and send to the planatory information on your initial com­ next government agency that sends you a 6. If my compliance ls voluntary, may I munication to me, either in a letter, an in­ long, burdensome, highly intrusive question­ omit my name or other persona.1 identifl.er?­ troduction to the form or questionnaire, or naire, one which doesn't demonstrate clearly OK to return anonymously-need name or an enclosed brochure? that its questions are relevant, or that your identifier. If name ls needed, explain why. a. It would cost us some money. data will be properly safeguarded, or that 7. If compliance ls voluntary and my name b. It isn't the practice in our field.. you wlll be able to see what ls transferred ls needed., will it and any other personal c. We didn't think anyone cared. from lt to a.ny record on which you are identifier be removed from the data once the d. Po1lcles haven't been formulated yet. identified, or that you are legally obligated agency undertakes its study. or wlll the e. No one higher up t.old us to. to fill it out and return it. identifiers be preserved with my record41- f. We were just following orders. Take heart. Here's a molotov cocktail made Removed-Preserved. If ''preserved," ex­ g. All this uproar over privacy ls silly. of paper. Hurl it at your favorite bureaucrat. plain why this Is necessary. h. Other. (Write in.) Help to start a privacy revolution. 8. State fully the purposes for which this 20. Wouldn't it be a lot easier in the future information ls being gathered.. to supply such explanatory information ln OFFICIAL AGENCY QUESTIONNAIRE EXPLANATION 9. Indicate why this ls necessary to carry advance, rather than have to reply to all FORM out a lawful function of your agency. these official agency questionnaire explana­ L 10. Describe fully how the information I tion forms? Dear Inquirer: I have received your have given will be processed, used, and stored Yes; no; depends on how many others push agency's form or questionnaire dated --­ with your agency, including whether it will us on it. and relating to ---. You requested that I be used only in manual form, ln comput­ Look over your answers aga.ln. Make sure fill lt out and return 1t promptly to you. erized form, or in both. Also indicate th.at all questions you have been asked. to However, your request presents a serious whether it wm be kept in a separate file or answer a.re answered. Then be sure to read civil liberties problem. I have checked it made part of a larger file of de.ta about me. section IV. below. 11. Wlll my consent be obtained before any IV. The following a.re my procedures for a. You say that my answers are legally 'Use is made by your agency of my identffled processing this official agency questionnaire explanation form: required. But as you know ( or should know). personal data for purposes other than the only valid legal authority can compel me to ones stated above ( or in your form of ques­ I will hold your orlglna.l form or question­ disclose such personal information, and your naire until I receive your answers on this tionnaire, if 1t waa given there)? - Yes form and study their responsiveness to my communication has not provided the facts I - No. If "No.'' explain why. legal and persona.I rights. need to determine my legal llabllity to 12. If you say my persona.I data is and will comply. I will not reply to any computer-gener­ be held "'confldentla.1," does that mean you ated second or third mailings of your form or b. You say that my answers are voluntary have legal authority to withhold it from and ask for my cooperation with an important questionnaire. My memory-system for keep­ other government agencies or jurisdictions ing track of nonrespondlng agencies is tn­ government activity. But whether I cooperate that might call for lt? -Yes -No. If "Yes," falllble. depends on your discloeing how you wW hold please indicate the scope and limits of that If I do not hear from you within 30 days, my personal information and what uses will authority. If "No," explain :why you put I shall assume you are content to have me 23468 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July~11, 1975 throw away the original form or question· An American citizen is watching a naire. of building up this type of activity into one static display at a U.S. military base in that is gaining international recognition. It If I receive stern letters pressing me to an.. swer your form or questionnaire even though Asia. The platform fails, and she is se­ reflects so positively on the cultural atmos­ you have not replied to mine, I shall write verely injured by debris. After 7 years of phere of our community and it is a. great "Constitutionally Obscene Mail-Return to surgery, she is still badly scarred and un­ drawing ca.rd to our Mint Museum. I am just as enthusiastic as I can be over this program Sender" on the envelope and give it back to able to live a normal life. The military and the other aetivities in connection with the letter carrier. autho1·ities admit fault-but offer a set­ the Seminar. For your information: tlement of less than $20,000-not even If your reply to this questionnaire is un­ enough to cover the associated expenses Mr. Claud's sentiments were those of satisfactory or not forthcoming, I shall send of her care, let alone recompense her for a firm believer in the arts but also those a copy :.>f the reply or of the original ques­ of a businessman. He is senior vice presi­ tionnaire to the U.S. senate Subcommittee permanent physical damage. on Constitutional Rights, if a federal agency Once again, there can be no appeal of dent of North Carolina National Bank. is involved, or to the appropriate state legis­ the decision of the Department of De­ Widespread recognition of the Sep­ lative committee, if it is a state or local gov­ fense. tember Seminar has brought early regis­ ernment agency. I shall send additional It is such injustices this legislation tration from many museums and histori­ copies to the local and national offices of seeks to correct. cal societies of note. The September the American Civil Liberties Union. Ame1icans who are injured on Federal Seminar is held under auspices of the I also talk to my friends a.bout these mat• property here in the United States may Delhom Service League, a working arm ters, and they talk to their friends. And let's of the Mint Museum. The lecture pro­ face it-you really can't run the government make claims under the Federal Tort without our cooperation, can you? Claims Act, but Americans who are in­ gram is arranged by Miss M. Mellanay jured on Federal property overseas have Delhom, Curator of the Delhom Gallery THE CIVIL LmERTIES REVIEW, no such rights. and Institute for Study and Research in New York, N.Y., June 24, 1975. In addition, I am opposed to the basic Ceramics, and in cooperation with Mr. ;:;.epresentative EDWARD KocH, principle of the curren t system of han­ Dewey Lee Curtis, director of the Penns­ Ho1Ue of Representatives, bury Manor Forum, held in Bucks w... .,;d ·ngton, D.C. dling overseas claims. To declare such a process is just when the agency which County, Pa. .a..1EAR En: I thought you might like to have Chairman of the 1975 September Semi­ an advance copy of something I devised to may be at fault holds the hearings, in­ send to a government agency when they send terprets the law, and makes the final de­ nar is Mrs. Howard Strock; cochainnan you a form or questionnaire that ls intrusive, cision is scarcely in the American tra­ is Mrs. Robert Dalton. Jr. Mrs. Oliver uncommunicative, etc. This will. appear in dition. Shaw is president of the Delhom Service the forthcoming "Spring 1975" issue of the My proposal would simply amend the League. Civil Liberties Review, in which your corre­ Tort Claims Act to make it applicable Registration fee for the September spondence with Representative Ichord about Seminar is a 3-day package for $55-15 the HISC files will also be appearing. Bound for such claims. Under this amendment, the law of the claimant's State of resi­ lectures-or $25 for a 1-day session. Lec­ copies will be available about July 3rd. ture sessions will be held in the Pease We are hoping to get national media at­ dence would apply. If he had no official tention for this "strike back" questionnaire, State of residence, but is still a U.S. citi­ Audito1ium of Central Piedmont Com­ and to put it into very widespread use zen, the laws of the District of Columbia munity College. All lectures will be slide throughout the country, The ACLU will be would apply. illustrated. In addition to the lectures, promoting it, as will all of us self-appointed Such wording avoids application of the elaborate arrangements are being made privacy buffs. local foreign law while affording a long for luncheons, receptions and dinners for If you think well of it, and are so inclined, registrants of the seminar. An added we would very much appreciate your putting overdue right of appeal. So I urge you to take early and favor­ featm·e is intra-city bus service to all it into the Congressional Record with a suit­ events available to registrants. able explanation and a few words about the able action on this legislation. Review. Because of limited seating capacity, I hope we will be meeting again soon on registrants will be treated on a "first the privacy hustings. come, first served" basis. Registrations Sincerely, CHARLOTI'E MINT MUSEUM OF ART will close August 15. Registration forms ALAN F. WESTIN, PRESENTS A SEMINAR for lectures and social events may be ob­ Editor. tained from the September Seminar, Post Office Box 6011, Charlotte, N.C., 28207 . HON. JAMES G. MARTIN EQUAL JUSTICE ON U.S. PROPERTY OF NORTH CAROLINA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES BANGOR, MAINE LOSES COMMU - HON. WILLIAM L. ARMSTRONG Thursday, July 17, 1975 NITY LEADER OF COLORADO Mr. MARTIN. Mr. Speaker, each year IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the Charlotte Mint Museum of Art pre­ HON. WILLIAM S. COHEN sents a seminar. This September, the OF MAINE Thursday, July 17, 1975 museum will present a Seminar on Ce­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. ARMSTRONG. Mr. Speaker, today ramic Art. It is my pleasure to include I am introducing an amendment to the the news of this cultural event in today's Thursday, July 17, 191'5 Federal Tort Claims Act to remedy a RECORD. Mr. COHEN. Mr. Speaker, on July 9 longstanding injustice in American juris­ Collectors and enthusiasts of historical my home city, Bangor, Maine, lost one of prudence. pottery and porcelain find that Charlotte its most energetic community leaders, I would like to illustrate the problem is their mecca. Again in September, they Norbert X. Dowd. with a series of examples, all real. will make the annual trek to this center Norby Dowd, was was 68 years old at The wife of a Federal employee is put­ of study and research of the ceramic art. the time of his death, was a guiding ting up decorations for a club function Mr. Joseph Claud, president of the force in civic activities in Bangor for being held at a service club on a U.S. mil­ Mint Museum of Art, announces it will more than four decades. He served the itary base in Japan. She is injured when present the September Seminar on Ce­ Bangor Chamber of Commerce for 28 a stack of loosely piled building mate­ ramic Arts with an outstanding array years, from 1944 when he took over as rials falls on her. Her insm·ance does not of seven speakers, September 16, 17, and executive secretary of the chamber to cover the enormous costs to her and her 18. September 15 is described as "Monday his retirement in 1972 as executive vice husband, and they file a claim with the at the Mint,'' with the museum open president of an expanded Greater Ban­ Department of Defense. After a hearing only to registrants of the seminar that gor Chamber of Commerce. and an administrative review, her claim afternoon, followed by a reception at the In an obituary published in the Ban­ is denied by the Defense Department-­ museum hosted by its board of trustees gor Daily News, newsman Jim Byrnes DOD claims she was negligent. that evening. wrote eloquently of Norby Dowd's dedi­ There is no avenue of appeal, no re­ Mr. Claud said: cation to the city he loved: course whatsoever, except a private bill The enormous success of last year's Sep­ Dowd was a tire'less worker to make in Congress. tember seminar accentuated the strong need greater Bangor a. better place in which to July 17, 1975 EXTE SIO ~OF REMARKS live, work and play. He never gave up, and The Federal Government contributed ergy Administration already have an Indus­ during his efforts a newer Bangor emerged, to 1·etirement systems in 20 States prior try energy conserveJtion program in place. an ongoing memorial t,o thls gentleman. to 1969. The other 31 States received no This successful program, begun in 1973, con­ A battler s.tnce 1928 when he amved in This tains the following elements: ( 1) the Gov­ Bangor as the first head coach and athletic Federal assistance. contribution in ernment, with industry, sets energy conser­ director of John Baptist High School, he 20 States has been interpreted to be a vation goals; (2) industry regularly reports captured the hearts of the student body by windfall for technicians and, therefore, to Commerce and the Federal Energy Admin­ :fiahting for every year of score with referees the retired credit was reduced to 55 per­ istration regarding its progress; and (3) the a~d umpires who he thought ha d done his cent. Federal Government offers its suppo1·t arid beloved Crusaders wrong. The facts are that 75 percent of the technical expertise in helping industry "No1·by's on the field again ••. Norby's technicians covered by local retirement a~hieve the goals. Voluntary energy savings on the field again," was the chant from the systems did not have sufficient service goals of approximaely 12 percent have been t.>leaohers when the scrappy young pilot from set within 10 energy intensive industries. Holy Cross ma.robed out to ba-ttle with offi­ to give them vested interests in their To date, over one-third of this goal has been cialdom. State systems, and will, therefore, never reached. Given this level of success, a Con­ Later, when he became a sports official, he become entitled to State annuities. gressionally directed mandatory program is was respected by friends and foe for his A provision can be made in the :final not needed. :firmness, and he carried these attributes bill that will preclude any windfall in Reduction of industry energy use will be into his work for the Bangor community. those States which had a retirement sys­ a vital part of a sound energy policy, and He helped Improve and expand airline tem and 1·eceived contributions. Under efforts are well underway in this regard. En­ service t.o the area. He brought public trans­ actment of Title IV, Part B, however, will portation t.o the area and constantly fought the present 55-percent restriction, tech­ only serve to saddle the Administration with for more parking space, and consumer pro­ nicians are forced to remain in the sys­ an inherently :flawed mandatory program. tection, and better health and hospital care. tem until age 60 in order to qualify for Moreover, it will only serve to confuse the There was hardly a charity drive in the city a sufficient annuity for their sustenance. situation regarding our successful in place or nearby communities of which Dowd was After age 55 their value under a mobili­ cooperative program. Accordingly. we rec­ not in the forefront. zation situation is severely 1·educed. If ommend that Congress delete this sectiou He took much banter at soci&l and busi­ they receive 100 percent credit toward from the measure. ness functions, and gave as good a quip as retirement, many will elect to retire al­ Sincerely, he received. lowing a younger input which will vital­ ROGERS C. B. MORTON. The Greater Bangor area will sorely ize the force and assure its combat readi­ miss Norby Dowd's good-natured and ness. productive presence. It remains to us to SOYUZ-APOLLO: THE MYTH AND carry forward the good works he THE REALITY launched in our community a-s a living SECRETARY OF COMMERCE OB­ memorial to this man who gave so much JECTS TO PORTIONS OF OIL CON­ of himself to help others. SERVATION ACT HON. LARRY McDONALD His widow, Theresa, and his sons, OF GEORGIA Norbert Jr., J ames, and Shaun, have my J. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES deepest sympathy on the loss of a dear HON. JOHN RHODES Thursday, July 17, 1975 husband and father. OF ARIZONA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. Speaker, the link up in space today may Thursday, July 17, 1975 provide lots of copy for the press, but it STATEMENT IN SUPPORT OF 100 Mr. RHODES. Mr. Speaker, I have to­ will not advance the cause of human PERCENT CREDIT FOR RETffiE­ day received a letter from the Secretal'Y freedom one step. The space link up may MENT FOR NATIONAL GUARD of Commerce indicating his objections to help further the myth that the Soviets TECHNICIAN SERVICE portions of H.R. 7014, the Energy Polley are mellowing, but to those Soviet citizens and Oil Conservation Act of 1975. Spe­ who languish in the forced labor camp cifically, the Secretary is concerned with and their so-called psychiatric hospitals. HON. ROBERT G. STEPHENS, JR. the language in title IV, part B. it is a nonevent. An organization called OF GEORGIA For the information and enlightment the Committee of Concerned Scientists, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of my colleagues, I am inserting the text Inc. of New York City issued a state­ Thursday, July 17, 1975 of the letter from Secretary Morton at ment in this regard which I feel deserves this point in the RECORD: the thoughtful attention of my col­ Mr. STEPHENS. Mr. Speaker, I h1- THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE, leagues. This statement was made joint­ troduced H.R. 4019 to correct certain in­ Wa.shington, D.a. ly by Dr. Jack Cohen of the National equities in the crediting of National Hon. JOHN J. RHODES, Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. and Guard technician service in connection Minority Leader, House of Representatives, Dr. Eugene Stanley, of the Massachusetts with civil service retirement. This legis­ w ashington, D .a. Institute of Technology on July 11. The lation is designed to remove the 55-per­ DEAR JoBN: The current language of Title IV, Part B of H.R. 7014, the Energy Policy statement follows: cent limitation on credit for National and Oil Conservation Act, contains several SOYUZ-APOLLO: THE MYTH AND 'l'HE REALITY Guard technician service prior to Janu­ objectionable features. It bw-dens govern­ "Glowing newspaper and television cover­ ary 1, 1969, thereby allowing full credit ment and business with cumbersome repor-t­ age of the Apollo-Soyuz launch wlll offer for all technician service. The National ing requirements regarding fuel use. It visible evidence that the world's greatest Guard technicians are the only group orders the setting of energy use reduotion ideological and military rivals can cooperate ever brought under the Civil Service Re­ goals which are likely to increase the pres­ on p1·ograms of mutual interest. The vent ure tirement Act who have not been given sm·e for a. mandatory program; given the may create an impression of Soviet and U.S. full credit for prior service. This includes distortions and inequities created by exist­ technological equality, but far more damag­ those groups whose prior service was ing regulations, another mandatory pro­ ing would be the impression that the USSR gram will not serve om energy needs. More­ shares Westen1 concepts of scientific co­ covered by the Social Secmity Act. An over, the specification of conservation tech­ operation. inequity exists in that less than half the niques which must be used, as 01·dered in "While the astronauts link up in space, technicians who came under the Techni­ the bill, is beyond the ability of any institu­ minute details of the technology which made cian Retirement Act in 1969 had the tion and will probably discourage technical the rendezvous possible will be read by mil­ necessary 40 quarters required to assw·e innovation in this field. Part B also takes lions of people all over the world, ·but on social security benefits. Those who did little cognizance of industry's current energy earth, Soviet space scientist Aleksandr Druk have this requirement will suffer a re­ conservation efforts which have yielded sig.. is still denied permission to emigrate on the duction in social security benefits that nificant savings to date. Government rules pretext t hat his space knowledge ls 'secret'. and orders are unlikely to improve that "In space, scientific cooperation has re­ they eventually receive, because contri­ 1·ecord. sulted in clever packaging of three meals a butions ceased from both employer and Despite these significant deficiencies, Part day for the astronauts, but on earth, other employee on the day they entered the B is unnecessary for other basic reasons: the scientists subsist on a semi-starvation diet Federal retirement system in 1969. Comme1·ce Department and the Federal En- in Soviet prison camps for the 'crime' of 23470 EX':rENSIONS 6F~MARK5 ~Jicly i 7, '197'5 claiming the international human right of INCREASE MANDATORY SENTENC­ penalty can be up to 10 years. For second emlgra~on. For other scientists, incarcerated ING OF FIREARM CRIMINALS in mental institutions for displeasing the offenders the term of imprisonment can­ Soviet establishment, vitamins are replaced not be less than 5 years and up to 25 by mind-destroying drugs. HON. ROBIN L. BEARD years. In both cases, the sentence is in "Cooperation in space should be matched addition to the penalty for the under­ by cooperation on earth and as long as Soviet OF TENNESSEE lying crime. scientists cannot deal freely with Western IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES With the passage of my legislation. the Colleagues, and while Soviet abuse of science Thursday, July 17, 1975 criminal who thinks to use a firearm in and scientists increases, we can have no faith in the expectations raised by the emphasis Mr. BEARD of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, perpetrating a crime will have final no­ on detente. today I am introducing legislation which tice that this society will not have even "While we join in the celebration of increases mandatory sentencing for crim­ the slightest sympathy in a case where another step forward for man, we grieve inals who use a firearm in the commis­ violence is used. over the refusal of the USSR to take even sion of a Federal crime. Fourteen of my one step for-ward for mankind." colleagues have joined me in what I hope will be a successful effort to help combat EDUCATION APPROPRIATIONS violent crime in this Nation. THE 200-MILE FISHING ZONE My bill differs from existing law in two DRAWS CLOSER principal areas-first, it increases penal­ HON. W. HENSON MOORE ties for offenders in both cases of first OF LOUISUNA and second convictions; and second, it IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. DON YOUNG gives the Nation's Federal prosecutors Thursday, July 17, 1975 OF ALASKA the right to have the trial courts' sen­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTA'l IVES tencing reviewed if the sentencing judge Mr. MOORE. Mr. Speaker. I am com­ fails to exercise proper discretion in de­ pelled to vote against the conference re­ Thursday, July 17, 1975 termining the terms of sentencing. port on the Education Division appro­ Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. Mr. Speaker, Under the provisions of the Omnibus priations bill, H.R. 5901, as an advocate the recent incursion of the Taiwanese Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of both Federal education programs and fishing vessel Tai Chiang into the Bris­ Amendments of 1970, strict sentences the taxpayer. tol Bay red salmon fishery drastically are imposed upon felons using or posses­ A vote against this measure should not demonstrates the need for timely a.ction sing a firearm in the commission of Fed­ be construed as a vote against education on extended fisheries jurisdiction legis­ eral crimes. The 1970 amendments pro­ by anyone. It clearly is not. It is, how­ lation. vided a separate and additional penalty ever, accurate and timely to interpret my The vessel was boarded July 16 by U.S. for the mere act of carrying a firearm opposition to this specific bill on the basis officials at which time 50 metric tons- in committing a crime-specifically sep­ of fiscal responsibility and unnecessary 20,000 to 22,000-of fish were discovered arate and in addition to the sentence for Federal intervention in the conduct of on board. The catch consisted primarily the underlying crime itself. our local school systems. My vote in op­ of Bristol Bay red salmon, the same The legislation being offered here position to the conference report would species which prompt.ed Congress to today would preserve some latitude in the not have been cast in that manner had declare the Bristol Bay fishery a disaster case of first offenders. However, this dis­ the Senate and House conferees retui·ned last summer. cretion is intentionally restricted by the to the House a conference report signifi­ U.S. officials learned from questioning addition of language authorizing the cantly closer to the President's budget the captain of the Chinese ship that he United States the right to seek review of request and retained the amendment I poosessed a permit from his government sentences 1·eceived by first offenders if successfully offered on the floor to assure to operat.e a :fishery direct.ed at the Bris­ the trial court judge fails to exercise dis­ the Department of Health, Education. tol Bay salmon in the Port Moller area cretion in meting out penalties in such and Welfare would not release Federal off the coast of Alaska. cases. funds to finance forced busing of school­ U.S. State Department officials are The need to maintain discretionary children as a result of Federal court di­ aware of the serious nature of this prob­ status in sentencing a first-time offender rectives. lem and have filed a protest with the is not to imply that the individuals Mr. Speaker, a 20-percent, $1.3 billion Taiwan Embassy here in Washington. should be treated with leniency but in increase over a budget request in any An official of the Department is scheduled recognition of the state of this Nation's category of Federal spending should be to travel to Taiwan and initiate high­ penal system. In too many cases our subject to close scrutiny by any Member level discussions with the proper au­ Federal penitentiaries are breeding of Congress who wishes to state his or thorities of that nation. grounds for the schooling and training her opposition to increased taxes or def­ The Stat.e Department will further of even more determined criminals. The icit spending to the taxpayers back home explain the fact that foreign nations, conditions prevalent in many Federal and stand behind it. It is unfortunate recognizing the need to conserve this prisons force the internee to react with that this bill contains increased Federal dwindling stock, have agreed not to op­ bitterness and vengefulness on the so­ spending of that magnitude. In other erate high-seas salmon vessels in the ciety which incarcerated him. There­ terms, the final version of H.R. 5901 is North Pacific. Also, millions of dollars ! ore to confine a first off ender in every more than $560 million above the appro­ have been spent by the United Stat.es instance means there is little hope for priations for such purposes last year and to revitalize this fishery and insure its rehabilitation. more than $147 million above the amount continued viability. However, there are many cases where specified by the House in its initial pas­ Unfortunately, this incident occUITed first offender deserves imprisonment. sage of H.R. 5901 on April 16 of this year. on the high seas outside of the jurisdic­ While judges have the authority to mete In addition to this departure from rea­ tion of the Unit.ed States. For this rea­ out a sentence to these individuals, they sonable spending practices, the House­ son, we must rely on the good faith and often do not. My legislation. if adopted, Senate conferees failed to retain my cooperation of the Taiwan Government would off er remedy in the case where the amendment to section 314 of the bill. to insure prot.ection of the Bristol Bay Federal prosecutor determined that sus­ That amendment would require HEW to salmon. pension, probation or terms of sent.ence abide by sound congressional prohibi­ I have consistently stated the need to were unreasonable. This added tool would tions against forced school busing and my colleagues in the House for us to act operate in both first and second offenses. prevent that bureaucracy from using immediately on extension of our contigu­ Yet, in the case of the second offense the any interpretation of other legislation ous fisheries zone to 200 miles. If this additional penalty is truly a mandatory to release Federal funds to pay for the was done the protection of our national sentence which may not be suspended by costs of forced busing ot schoolchildren. :fisheries, made necessary by this most the court, nor may probation be granted. As a student, a teacher, an attorney, recent in a series of threats, would be My bfil provides for new terms of sen­ and as a Member of Congress, I have insured. tence. In the case of ~ first offense, the consistently advocated a strong and vital · Juiy 17, 1975 . EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23471 public education system in this Nation. tection of the trust fund from non-interstate that gasoline true that the administration's · I intend continue demonstrate my highway and va1·ious forms of public trans­ proposal would return to the general ftmd. to to portation. Further Increases in the gas tax, when advocacy of public education in the fu­ While the proposal would authorize $800 they must occur, should be related to mo1·e ture. million a year for the urban transportation energy efficient modes of transportation­ assistance program, this funding is not sub· such as mass transit 01· rails. ject to the same protection as that kept in We are not unmindfUl of the serious task T. P. O'NEILL ID AND l\L~SSACHU­ the fund for the interstate system. The com­ of fair allocations of scarce revenue, but we SETTS SUPPORT THE HIGHWAY mittee knows far better than I that the are concernd that once set-asides for trans­ TRUST FUND competition for appropriations in the general portation are ended, there is no guarantee fund is fierce, and only those programs that funds will be provided constantly in funded by trusts can be guaranteed of ade­ sufficient quantity. HON. BUD SHUSTER quate moneys. Before the concept of a trust fund is de­ If Congress is to coiitinue its support and stroyed, w ought t ri examine what wlll hap­ OF PENNSYLVANI.'\ encouragement of balanced transporta.Uon, it pen to trans Jortation without these guru-­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES should examine two courses. We should either antees. I apprecia: e the opportunity to appear be­ Thursday, July 17, 1975 expand the concept of the current highway trust fund into an overall transportation fore you to< ay, and I am anxious to work Mr. SHUSTER. Mr. Speaker, as the trust fund, or we should establish a separate further with you on the details of your debate over the highway trust ftmd de­ public transit trust fund in addition to the response to the President's proposal when velops, it is significant to note that the limited and restricted highway trust fund you begin formulating your program. proposed by the President. For unless there Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts, is that measure of protection, public trans­ Thomas P. O'Neill III, has testified be­ portation will be shortchanged. This is not fore the Subcommittee on Surface Trans­ only contrary to congrP.,,s.sional intent, but ALVARO CUNHAL: PORTUGUESE portation in support of the highway flies in the face of the public outcry for ex­ VOICE OF COMMUNIST TYRANNY trust fund. Lieutenant Governor O'Neill panded transportation services. informed us that Massachusetts is ap­ In Massachusetts for example, there are a. proximately 80 percent urban so theii< number of legitimate and well thought out HON. LARRY McDONALD support of the trust fund highlights the projects that have the support of State and local officials. These are not the major ex­ OF GEORGIA fact that urban America, as well as rural IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES America, needs the highway trust fund. pressway projects, favored in certain for­ mulas, but rante from services to improve Thursday, July 17, 1975 Following is Lieutenant Governor local bus service in small towns and rural O'Neill's testimony which I commend to areas to improvements in some of the oldest Mr. McDON~\LD of Georgia. Mr. my colleagues: and most traveled urban roads. Speaker, having learned from the exam­ T. P. O'NEILL IlI AND ?vlASSACHUSETTS SuPPOII.T P1·esently the dollar value of these projects ple of Chile that a Marxist-Leninist revo­ THE HIGHWAY TRUST FuND is well over fom· times the funding we would lution cannot h -. f'f'r.tu-e until a country's Mr. Chairman and members of the com­ receive from the Federal Government over armed forces havr· been subverted to the mittee, I appreciate the opportunity to ap­ the next five years under the current pro­ gram. If the new administration plan is Communist cause, the Portuguese Com­ pear before the committee and discuss some munists do not intend to make the same aspects of the present interstate highway adopted as proposed, there would be an even program and proposed changes in that sys­ greater discrepancy between the transporta­ mistake. tem. I hope to spend a.s much time telling tion needs and available funds. Closely allying itself with the extreme you about the needs of our State and, I a.m If we really intend to encourage urba-n left armed forces movement which trausi t through the creation of a UTAP, an staged a coup on April 24, 1974, the Por­ sure, other urban and industrialized States. urban transportation assistance program, we It : tuguese Communist Party, in direct has long been apparent that the future must insure an adequate and dependable of transportation in this country lay in the funding level. .cahoots with Moscow, has in turn re­ development of various kinds of public We of course recognize that Federal trans­ ceived support from the military for it transit-transit which would permit the portation funds are not an unlimited re­ revolutionary programs which have in­ mobility we demand while preserving our . eluded taking over all opposition press environment and protecting us from the self­ source, and we don't expect them to be. But we must face the fa.ct that if some transpor­ · and radio stations. created demands of oil consuming auto­ tation funds are held in a trust fund, and mobiles. Alvaro Cunhal, leader of the Portu­ others are subject to the normal pruning and guese Commw1ist Party, is of a type The 93d Congrses took a major step to­ paring of the appropriations process, that ward this future by passing legislation which those actiVities protected by the trust fund rather rare now-a Communist leader allowed for use of the highway trust fund Will flourish, while other transportation pro­ with the taste of a long-sought victory in from mass transit construction, as well as grams may become severely undernourished. his mouth who, feeling ultimate power for highways. It was the intent of Congress, An expanded general transportation trust within his grasp, does not deign to dis­ in passing the Interstate Transfer Amend­ fund would finance the various highway guise his intentions. ment, to encourage public transportation assistance programs as well as our Nation's tlll'ough the use of a fund which has proved Cunhal makes no secret of his con­ discretionary transit program. It would have tempt for "bow·geois democracy" as he phenomena.Uy successful in encouraging the the advantage of providing a stable source building of highways. The amendment of funding for transportation investment terms the electoral system, and the law. recognized that transportation demands dif­ without the disadvantage, inherent in both Here for the illumination of my col­ fered from area to area and changed with the present highway trust fund and the leagues is an interview with Alvaro Cun­ time. trust fund proposal of the President, of un­ hal conducted by Italian jow·nalist The highway trust fund, by proViding a duly favoring certain kinds of improve­ Oriana Fallaci. continuing dependable source of funds, ma.de ments at the expense of others. The article follows: possible the vital links between different I know that these are difficult times and areas of the Nation. there are many demands on you, as there A TALK WrrH THE COMMUNIST LEADER- While there is a need to complete that sys­ are on us in State government, to allocate "! CARE NOTHING FOR ELECTIONS, tem-except, of course, where the desires of resources. I also know that too often State HA, HA!" planners failed to consider the feelings and officials come to you with their concerns or (By Oriana Fallaci) needs of local residents-there is an equally requests, but ignore the vital and final ques­ The man who counts most in present-day strong need to fund other kinds of highway tions of financing. I will try not to do that. Portugal, the man who influences the army's construction and transportation systems. In order to fund the tra.nsportation needs power ma.chine, the man, in one sense, who This committee and the Congress are con­ of the Nation, new revenues will have to be ha.s emerged the winner, although he was sidering proposals to provide direction and raised. Given the existence of more than beaten at the elections, is Alvaro Cunha.I, the sufficient funding for a balanced transporta­ $8 billion in the present trust fund, it is Portuguese Communist party leader. It isn't tion development. The Ford administration's not clear if that need ls immediate or some­ too easy to obtain an interview with him. If proposal, while containing some admirable what in the future the existing and antici­ one succeeds, however, one has only to listen and long worked for changes, fails to fully pated rates of receipts and disbursements to him in order to grasp what is happening achieve either of those goals. indicate that the surplus may decrease very in that country, to obtain a. clear picture. Although changes in the interstate trans­ slowly. Cunhal ignores diplomacy's nebulous fer provisions of the highway trust fund will But eventually there will be a need for paths. When he opens his mouth, he says allow more fiexibllity in the draw down pro­ more revenue. Massachusetts, and most what he thinks, With blunt sincerity. Ancl visions which Massachusetts and many mem­ other States would, I believe, be willing to among the things that he thinks, that he bers of this committee have long worked for­ seriously discuss funding mechanisms. wants, that he has already partially obtained, the administration proposal removes the pro- Right now, it would seem wise to examine we find a total refusal of democratic liberties, • r 23472 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 1?', 1975 of democracy as we conceive it. The sum and tion results. Yes, I know what you're wishing center, left. We had you against us, too, rou substance of his utterances ls: Either the dic­ to retort: that the Army voted too. So what? of the international ·press-always talking of tatorship of the proletariat or else Fascism; Its votes were scattered among the various Prague, of Lisbon as of Prague ... while the the third force doesn't count, liberal Social­ political parties: The Armed Forces Move­ Vatican radio launched appeals not to vote ism is rubbish. If this attitude harms Euro­ ment wasn't competing as such. And if you for the left and the Socialists evoked the pean comrades, all the worse for them. He believe the constituent Assembly can meet speaker of civil war, of a. war with Spain if makes no mystery of his opinion. without the M.F .A., you're making a big the Communists came to power, of a Commu­ The only mystery he makes concerns his mistake. If you believe the Constituent As­ nist army coup. It was unavoidable that the own person: He refuses to state whether he sembly will be transformed into a. Parlia­ right should win. has any family or where he lived after lits ment, you're making a ridiculous mistake. It isn' t the right that won, Cunhal. It's the flight from the fo1·tress of Peniche where he No, indeed! The Constituent Assembly will Socialists that won. Nor was there any terror : was interned until 1960, for 14 years in all. (It certainly not form a legislative organ; it will You spoke wherever you liked. The election is, however, believed that he lived in Moscow certainly not become a chamber of deput ies. w as held in a correct manner. It's you, later, and married a Russian.) Paradoxically, one is I promise you. It will be a Constituent As­ that behaved incorrectly. Unlawfully, in fact . attracted to him. He is friendly, gay, impetu­ sembly and nothing more, with a limited Ah, but at this point I must explain to ous, apt at repartee and able to make one importance, nothing more. It will meet with. you what·s happening in Portugal, what we laugh even while he is u ttering t he most un­ in a well-determined political framework, have here. There's a. revolution happening, acceptable principles. Moreover, his intelll­ well-conditioned by t he agreement signed you know? There's a revolutionary process gence ls lively and sharp despite his blind w'ith the M.F.A. by the force that is not afoot , you know? Even if it is proceeding faith and a hint of naivete that cannot but represented by the M.F'.A. Because it's t he side by side with a bourgeois democratic astonish his listener. (I saw his eyes flicker M.F.A. that launched the revolution on April process t h at sometimes coincides ,vith the and his ears redden when I maliciously in­ 25, not the Socialist party. aims of 1-he revolutionary process and some­ sinuated that the Soviet Union, impatient Have I understood y011, properly? You did times cont radicts them. The solution of our with his orthodox excesses, might consider li­ not say there'd, be no parliament in Portugal? problems lies in the dynamics of revolution, quidating him.) It is hard to resist the fasci­ You've understood perfectly. I promise you whereas the bourgeois democratic process nation of his handsome, clean-shaven face t here'll be no parliament in Portugal. wants to ent rust it to the old electoral con­ imbued with faith, his blue eyes and his In that case, why hold elections at all? cepts, iu,.,oklng legality, a judicial situation snow-white hair. (Women find him likable.) Why did. you Communists take part? Why and seeking to protect it with the laws or a. It ls easy to ignore his charm, however, when spend, so much effort and money? previous regime. It refers to laws that must one reflects on how ruthless this man is, He, He, he! Maybe you have a. point there. be respected. But in the revolutionary proc­ when one remembers he doesn't believe in Maybe it would have been better if we hadn't ess, laws are made, not respected. Do you see? freedom. ta.ken pa.rt. But one can't always do what one The revolution doesn't respect old laws; it CUNHAL. Say what you like, think what you likes; one can't always follow programs. makes new ones. like: We Portuguese communists need the Everything was already planned, decided. So Perfectly right. Perfectly true. But, in that army. And we're supporting the army. We've many contradictory factors had intervened­ case, why speak of democracy? Democracy no use for a popular front with the Socialists, t hat heterogeneous Government, for in­ is pluralism; it is free thinking. It's elections a pact like the one formulated by Nenni and st ance. That large coalition of power that that must be respected. Elections in which Togllatti in 1948. We have already signed the even included the Popular Democratic party. all take part and not just the parties tol­ kind of pact we need with the M.F.A., the We Communists had indeed told the army erated by you. Armed Forces Movement. In this country it ts men that the P.P.D. shouldn't have been in­ That's yolu- opil.i.ion. It's by no means impossible to form a popular front without cluded, that the country couldn't be led to­ mine. the army. The Socialists' great mistake lies in wards Socialism by means of an extensive So I p erceive. But then, what on earth do not having understood such a simple truth, democratic coalition. But they insisted on you mean when you use the word democ­ 1n having estranged themselves from the lumping together Socialists, Communists, racy? army despite all the votes obtained. Even Social Democrats and the various trends Certainly not what you pluralists mean. now, they can't manage to grasp this fact. within the Armed Forces Movement ... We To me, d mocracy means getting rid of capi­ They refuse to acknowledge that we are en­ had warned them the elections constituted a talism, of trusts. And I'll add: In Portugal, gaged in a revolution together with the army, danger, that they were premature, that if no henceforth, there eXists no possibility for a a revolution started and led by the army. The measures were taken we'd lose them, that democracy such as the kind you have in Socialists already backed the wrong horse on one can't mix the passive vote with mili­ Western Europe. By "henceforth" I mean "no April 25. At decisive moments, we Commu­ t ancy. But we were able to prevent only the lon ger." Of course, if on April 24 we had nists have always arrived first. On March 11, regional elections. They insisted on holding been told, "You'll have a political set-up :for instance, when there was the coup at­ the one for the Constituent Assembly. like the one in France or in Italy or in Eng­ tempt, we didn't wait to see which way the Cunhal, elections provicle the only ther­ lo.nd," we'd have exclaimed: "How wonder­ wind would blow. We didn't fiddle about try­ mometer for assessing a people's will. ful, what a relief!" But things went differ­ ing to discover which group was more likely One of the thermometers. Only one. And I ently; the way events moved opened other prospects to us, a.nd you can't expect a. peo­ to win. We immediately took the responsl­ say this just to please you or, better, because billty of denouncing the counterrevolution­ if I answered "no thermometer," we'd go on ple's wishes to limit themselves or crystal­ ary danger, of condemning Spinola. And we :forever; yes, no, yes, no. But how can you lize. In other words: Your Western democ­ remained on the side of the Armed forces. speak of using a thermometer when there are racy is no longer enough for us. Your districts where people can't even read and coexistence of democratic freedoms and mo­ F ALLACI: Say what yO'U Zike, think what nopolistic power no longer interests us. We you Zike: It isn't permissible to neutralize write? Districts where propaganda ls carried wouldn't attain it even if we could. Because an4 ignore a party that represents the greater out by whispering: "If you vote hammer and sickle, the Communists will come and we don't want to. We don't want a democ­ mafonty of your people, the party that won racy like yours. We don't even wa.nt a. Social­ the election. If one doesn't accept the rules give you an injection behind your ear." What you're saying is that the people are ism, or, rather, a. dream o! Socialism, like o/ the election game. yours? Is that clear? But we Communists don't accept the rules immature, Cunhal. It's always an excuse for dictatorships. And it's exactly what the Fas­ And how! of the election game! You err in taking this In this country we need thorough, radical concept as your starting point. No, no, no: cists say. Well ••• It doesn't mean that the people transformation at the social and the eco­ I care nothing for elections. Nothing! Ha, ha! nomic level. There a.re two choices before us: It you believe it's all a question of the per­ are immature ... it means that the elec­ toral method isn't the only one. . .. either a monopoly with a strong reactionary centage of votes obtained by one party or government or the end of monopolies wit h a the other, you're laboring under a gross delu­ The truth is that you didn't expect t o lose so heavily, Cunhal. strong Communist democracy. Capitalism in sion! If you think the Socialist party with its Portugal ha.s developed in a. very individual­ 40 per cent and the Popular Party With its No, no. I knew the right would win. Hadn't I even warned the army? I expected more istic way-based on backward industry, a 27 per cent constitute the majority, you're primitive agriculture, a. poverty never I!ght ­ the victim of a misunderstanding! They votes in Lisbon, true. I expected more votes in several districts, in the South . . . but I ened by technology. Moreover, it has always aren't the majority. enjoyed the protection of the Government Are you joking, Cunhal? Or is arithmetic never deluded myself that we'd obtain the majority. Tha.t would have been an un­ establishment. It was the Fascist state itself nothing more than opinion? that promoted a trust system by its use of I'm telling you that elections have nothing, founded hope. Anti-Communist feeling ran violent repression and its enforcement of t he or very llttle, to do With the dynamics of so high that in some villages I couldn't even hold a meeting. On the walls they scribbled. miserable conditions the workers lived in. Our revolution. Whether you like it or not, wheth­ capitalism has a.Iwa.ys been an underdevel­ er the Socialists like it or not. I'm telling you " Cunha.I, if you come here, you die." The oped one, not at all to be compared with the that the election process is but a marginal agricultural electorate was very unfavorable types existing in other European count ries. complement of said dynamics. Because the to us. The election campaign was held in a There's always been an enormous di1ference Armed Forces Movement, ln this country, ls a. climate of terror in the countryside. And between the salaries of our workers and those political force. An independent force, with everywhere, the enemy to be overcome wasn't of other European workers, an abyss between its own political thinking, its polltlcal auton­ Fascism, it was the Portuguese Communist their mutual standards of living. So I'm. in­ omy, even if it isn't represented in the elec- party. We had everyone against us: right, t erested in gett ing rid of monopolies, even i! July 17, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23473 we're doing It in ra.ther a disorderly way Just Oh, how sad to think they've suffered so like last night, when they sta.rted shouting at present. Wb.a.t you see now 1n Portugal is much because of me! Oh, how mortified I that the political prisoners' cam.pa contained but the beginning. A temporary situation, 1n feel! They ha.d that possibility, and I spoiled Communists who had plotted With the fact. Don't believe that the nationalization it for them! You know what I think? If a Fascists. already achieved has followed a blueprint, a Communist party can suffer damage by events Prison camps? What next? Aren't the program. It's Just a solution to immediate taking place in another country, if it has to jails enough? How many political internees problems. Even without wanting Socialism, bear the consequences, then it means have you in Portugal today? nationalization was overdue. And here you that.•• I don't know. In any case. not many, not come babbling of election results, democratic • . . it isn't worth much? It may not be enough. They set them free too easily. They freedoms, liberty I worth much, but the Italian Communist arrest them and then throw them out the Is it because you don't Zike that kind of party, notwithstanding, can summon up next day. Sometimes these military are real­ talk that you've had the Socialist daily Re­ seven million votes, whereas you didn't get ly too mild. And yet, they've made a revolu­ publica suppressed? Is it because you don't even 700,000. Have you ever meditated this tion. care for freedom that you're monopolized. fact? Have you never considered the advis­ Listen, Cunha!, here one hears of nothing all the information media, from newspapers ability of making the choice Togliatti made, but revolution. What revolution? Revolutions to radio to television? of inserting yourself in the so-called bour­ occur when the people participate. Aprll 25 I haven't monopolized anything. The press geois democracy? was a coup d'etat, not a revolution. is self-managed ideologically, and I'm agree­ No, no, no, no, no, no and no! We've already By no means! If you consider the M.F.A. able. It follows Portugal's revolutionary proc­ obtained much more this way. Today there just a group of conspirators who meet one ess and ls entirely free. Of course, if the are no more private banks in Portugal and fine day to engage in a plot, it shows you workers believe some editor or staff if coun­ all the fundamental sectors have been na­ don't understand what's happened in Por­ terrevolutionary, they have every right to tionalized; agricultural reform is on the way, tugal. It wasn't a coup: We Communists said demand their removal. It's even their duty, ca.pi talism is destroyed and monopolies are so at once. It was a movement of democratic both spiritual and political. Everywhere, in about to be destroyed. And all this is ir­ forces within the army with meetings of 400 Portugal, a paper's workers may evict the reversible. Irreversible I So my answer to the officers at a time discussing ways and means paper's editor. Or refuse to print the paper Communists in Western countries, to their of changing the regime. I shouldn't even call for him. That's what happened 1n the case of complaints ls: We don't await the results of them meetings: I should call them assem­ Republica. The Socialists behaved hyster­ elections to change things and destroy the blies. And if you ask me where the people ically; they made a scandal of the affair to past. Our way is a revolution and has noth­ were during those assemblies, I'll answer that remind people they'd won the election. The ing in common with your systems. the Armed Forces Movement wouldn't have truth is that the workers rebelled because Do you believe Portugal will go been formed if the people had not already Republica published nothing but attacks Communist? started the struggle. The progressive officers against the P.C.P., libels against the P.C.P. Indeed I do! It's my aspiration, since I'm didn't fall from heaven, were not born spon­ and criticism of the revolution: They began a Communist myself. And it ls indisputable taneously like mushrooms after rain and sun­ by censoring the texts they found unfair and that Portugal, as things now stand, is moving shine. But to convince you, I must make my then revolted. They were quite right to do so. toward Socialism. The only thing I can't analysis. What if Socialist workers were to do the say, as things now stand, ls what form that Please, don't bother. same to your papers? What would yo11, say to Socialism will take. Maybe I ought to be No bother. Here it is. The last years of the them then, Cunhal? able to, seeing I'm in charge of a party by Fascist regime were difficult ones even for He, he! I'd say: You fellows .... no means defeated. But, frankly, I don't feel the dominant capitalist groups. The colonial Listen, Cunhal: One even finds you, be­ up to it. I don't know why. We Communists war absorbed 43 per cent of the national cause you're overbearing and make no secret would like to have everything, but we have resources and those groups found out sup­ of it, a tyrant who takes no pains to mask ~i3 to reckon with very complicated, very con­ porting it no longer served their purposes. tyranny. On the other hand, don't you realize tradictory reality. Our program for a Com­ Apart from everything else, it isolated them the harm you're doing to the European left munist Portugal is certainly open to amend­ from the rest of Europe and impeded their and particularly to your Communist com­ ment. We've signed a five-year pact with the economic expansion. Caetano would have to rades in other countries? Just consider the M.F.A. And we haven't the slightest inten­ revise his international policy and liberalize Spanish Communist Party. • .. tion of aligning ourselves against the army. his Government, they kept on repeating anx­ Ahl Poor Spanish Communist Party. Ah! What if the military discover they're not iously. This anxlety found a response in Poor Spanish Communists! How their plight so fond of you as you are of them, Cunhal? Spinola and other generals. Spinola. was in­ moves me, how I suffer for them! What if they transform Portugal into some­ telligent, well-prepared and had a following. Just consider the Italian Communist party thing like Peru? However, there waa also another trend with­ and the service you've done the Italian No .•. I don't think so. No, not Peru. in the army: the progressive officers. An ele­ Christian Democratic party...• But suppose it happens. mentary one, we must admit, not ideological. Ohl How sorry I am, how afflicted, navre! Well, then I'll tell you: You can exclude Few had the necessary preparation: com· Je suls na.vrel Vraiment navre! Oh! Poor the idea that in Portugal there exists a munist cells, for instance, existed among the Italian Communists! Je pleure pour les Com­ political force able to survive without the soldiers but seldom among the officers. And munlstes Italiensl I weep for all European Communist party. Or, rather: Without the the movement evolved rather as a caste than Communists, I reproach myself, I curse my­ Communists, the revolution is impossible. a democratic one. Then the officers began to self, I suffer on their behalf l Yes, I know I'm not saying this to express an opinion: hold meetings to discuss their career prob­ their complaints. They're the ones they re­ I'm saying it to state a fact. I'm not saying lems and the discussions expanded. They ma­ peat to me whenever they come here. "Why it to imply blackmail, either; I'm saying it tured. And when both trends, Spinola's that are you doing these things?" "Why don't to demonstrate that we're conscious of our only wanted the liberalization of the regime you accept some of the democratic proce­ unexpendability. The military are aware of and the progressive officers' that wanted dures?" "Why do you prevent the Christian this too and have no idea. of attempting to much more, found themselves shoulder to Democrat party ta.king pa.rt 1n the election?" proceed without us. Neither now nor in the shoulder on April 25 •.• and so on and so on and amen. What Christ­ future. . . . Cunhal stepped in and went to worlc ian Democrat party? All there existed was a However, there are some military who on the progressive officers. Until he had tiny party that had been formed a bare four don't like you. I refer to the Maoists, who them where he wanted them. weeks earlier, with a fascist at its head. A declare themselves fed up with the Portu­ That's not the way to put it. We Com­ fascist who should have been in prison since guese Communist party's influence on the munists had no contacts before April 25. Sept. 28, in fact, because he had already Revolutionary Council and the Armed We did foresee something, but we couldn't betrayed the Armed Forces Movement with Forces Movement. forecast anything for certain because we Spinola. A young reactionary party that There are certainly some Maoists con­ had no agents within the army. One can't didn't even have a Catholic base and that cealed in the army, and it 1s obvious they even say we had lots of sympathizers there. had already attempted conspiracy.••• oppose us, since they are inspired by the In fact, the new leader considered was a All that has still to be proved and, in any forces of reaction. This orientation of Maoist moderate: Costa Gomes. Spinola took Costa case, wasn't the M.D.P. (Movimento Demo­ groups is universal, the same the whole Gome's place because it was Spinola. who cratico Portugue.s, a Communist front] also world over. Their enemy isn't the middle negotiated with Caetano, and the latter de­ such a small party but recently foxmed for class, it isn't capitalism: They themselves clared he would surrender only on condi­ your convenience? have risen from the middle class, or even tion Spinola assume leadership. However, We are looking through two very different from capitalism. Their enemy is the Com­ that's not what I wanted to explain. It's the windows. Your window isn't mine. munist party. The Portuguese Maoists are fact that it's the army that overthrew the That appears obvious to me. However, I like the Italian, French or German Maoists: fascist dictatorship, but it•s the people that find it strange that you should sneer so at puppets of the reaction against the Com­ imprinted the revolutionary dynamics. :rn. your Communist brethren in another coun­ munist party. And they do constitute a fact, it's the people that assaulted police try. The Ita.Uan Communist party was strlv· danger. On the other hand, they have no headquarters and freed political prisoners. ing for the historical compromise and possibility of selztng power. All they can do I can demonstrate thts because there are you .••• 1s attempt to divide, engage in provocation. films of the events. EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 17, 1975 Revolutions are launched to give people Paul expla.ined to me that recently the tions at last yea.r"s level. Also, I woultl a better life. That doesn't seem to me to be temple had a pulpit exchange with St. have voted "aye" on rollcall No. 371, an the case in Portugal. Joachim Church of Cedarhurst, Long Is­ I'll admit it. Our economy is still dis­ amendment to H.R. 6706, which sought astrous, even after nationalization. But I land, N.Y. On Friday evening, June 6, to provide for the control of White react like an authentic revolutionary to 1975, Father Joseph J. D'Angelo was the House staffing by congressional author­ the bitter reality and have the courage to guest preacher at the temple's Sabbath ization in lieu of statutory limita.tion. oppose strikes, excessive wage claims, to re­ evening service, and on Sunday, June 8, peat that one mustn't lapse into demagogy, the temple's Rabbi Mark N. Goldman into a competition of who promises more. was the guest preacher at the service at This very morning, I've had a discussion St. Joachim Church. As a result of this NATIONAL SPEED LIMIT? with the representatives of hotel staffs. I asked them: "Do you believe you'll solve exchange, a poem was written by one of your problems by ever-increasing wage the congregants of St. Joachim Church claims? Momentarily, maybe. But what about and sent to Rabbi Goldman. It is a re­ HON. EDWIN B. FORSYTHE tomorrow? Tomorrow you'll have no more markable poem and I wish to share it OF NEW JERSEY tourists (already this year very few are with my colleagues. It follows: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES coming) and the hotels will have to close SHABAT SHALOM! down. You must make fewer demands and Thursday, July 17, 1975 I work more, produce more." Mr. FORSYTHE. Mr. Speaker, with If the Italian unions could hear you! .How can I share the rightness of this night, the Congress diligently working on ways Why should I worry about the Italian this place? unions? Truth is truth and demagogy is These are my people to come to grips with the energy prob­ demagogy. If we don't help ourselves, no­ This my community lems at hand, one basic energy conser­ body's going to help us ... Any more ques­ These my roots. vation measure, already in effect, is con­ tions? Tonight I belonged-a spiritual Jew who pro­ tinually overlooked not only by Congress Only two. The first is What aboitt NATO? fesses Christ. but also by the American driving pub­ The other day, I met the United States The words that were spoken were words I lic. There is a national speed limit of Ambassador who was here before Carlucci. knew, They were not strangers to my ears. 55 miles per hour. This reduced speed He was with some English people and they limit, possibly one of our most efficient asked me: "But how is this? You Portu­ "You shall love the Lord your God guese Communists support NATO. You really With your whole heart, energy saving measures, is constantly want to stay in it?" My answer: "Who told With your whole mind, abused and ignored. How many times you we support it, that we want to stay in With your whole soul." have we been sped past by cars travel­ it? We have merely stated that we don't "You shall love your neighbor as yourself." ing in excess of 55 miles per hour, and wish to discuss the problem for the time n frowned at by passing cars as if inter­ being. It needs to be considered in a broader Tonight was a fulfillment fering with the flow of traffic? I imagine, context: World peace, the Warsaw Pact, the Of the promised of God. all of us, much too often. cooperation of countries with different po­ Hear, O seeker after Truth, I would like to urge my colleagues to litieal regimes. Some day, we'll tackle it. The Lord your God is one. continue pressing for enforcement of the We're in no hurry. For the time being, be­ And we shall be one with You. longing to NATO doesn't present us with any Your covenant with man national speed limit, and to keep it in problems." Did not seel{ division, but unity. mind as we wrangle with energy legisla­ The second question concerns the Warsaw m tion. Of course we as Members of Con­ Pact. Is it or isn't it true that you voiced ap­ I have prayed for the day gress should set the example and adhere proval for Soviet intervention in Czechoslo­ When Christians and Jews could really live as to the speed limit as well. It is possible, vakia? brothers do; as the following article from the Oil : You want to end on that note, do you? Could ignore the differences Daily, written by Marvin Murphy indi­ E I'm sorry to appear brutal. Could rejoice in just being a part of the cates, that simply the enforcement of the ' Why "brutal"? Its entirely true that I ap­ whole; proved and supported Soviet intervention in national speed limit may conserve gaso­ Could work for good-for life-l'chaim! line and go a long way to alleviate fuel Czechoslovakia, the so-called tanks in Could see the evil-the division-and reject Prague. And there's no shame in admitting it . shortages. .it; at most, and sometimes, it's unreason­ IV The article follows: able. But such was my, our, choice, and we Last night I dreamed a strange dream. NEWSWATCH were right. In every sense: political, his­ (By Marvin Murphy) torical and cultural. And I don't care a fig for I could see the world and all its people. whatever interpretation is given it. And I'd There were people at war with each other Lessons from the Arab embargo days seem be grateful if this interview would stress this and themselves­ to have been quickly forgotten on the na­ point well. And another too. I repeat and They were evil. tion's high ways, and you can count on this conclude: Portugal will never be a country There were people striving for perfection­ Newswatcher's personal testimony for that. of democratic freedoms and monopolies. It Trying to be one with God- Cruising along at a speed of between 45 won't be a fellow-traveler of your bourgeois I was one of those. and 50 miles an hour on a six-lane divided democracies. Because we won't allow it to be. And we knew highway, he was pulled over by a frowning state policeman and asked to explain why he We might land with another fascist Portugal. If we stopped trying The world would end. was going so slow. It's a risk we have to run, although I don't Other cars whizzed by well in excess of the believe in it because I don't believe in an­ 55 mph speed limit, imposed nationwide by other fascist coup: We Communists are federal law during the embargo. equipped to prevent it, thanks to our alliance PERSONAL EXPLANATION After I explained about my car troubles, with the military. But, certainly, we shall which forced me to keep the speed down, he not have a Social Democrat Portugal. Please seemed sympathetic. I pulled over into the make that quite clear, will you? HON. JOHN BRECKINRIDGE exit lane to a.void being squeezed out by fast i.:. Never fear, Cunhal, I will. OF KENTUCKY bumper-to-bumper traffic later, I said. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES He checked my driver's license and regis­ tration, then sent me on my way with the Thursday, July 17, 1975 warning to "speed it up." SHABAT SHALOM Mr. BRECKINRIDGE. Mr. Speaker, "Where you headed?" he asked. I appreciate this opportunity to make a "On the way to a fire,'' I could have said. But I didn't. statement of personal explanation. On "Milford," I answered. HON. JOHN W. WYDLER Wednesday, July 9, 1975, due to the To­ Perhaps I should explain: OF NEW YORK bacco Subcommittee field hearings held Milford is in New Jersey farm country, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in Marion, S.C. I was forced to leave not far from Pennsylvania. Washington before the House completed The trooper shook his head-he apparently l Thursday, July 17, 1975 the business of the day. I would there­ recognized my driving traits. In Milford, we Mr. WYDLER. Mr. Speaker, recently fore like the record to show that had I slow down for squirrels, pheasant and other t' wildlife. I received a letter from Samuel Paul, been present I would have voted "nay" Speeders run the risk of colUding with ; the president of Temple Sinai of Long on rollcall No. 370, an amendment to deer. i Island, in Lawrence, N.Y. The temple is H.R. 6706, which sought to retain the Cars have to stop daily for ducks crossing l in my congressional district, and Mr. number of high level White House posi- Main Street on the way to a stream which July 17, 1tJ75 ~EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS runs tbroUgh town. They are smart enough Most recently, $1 million were taken their fundamental right to national self· to go across at the traffic Ught. but they're by the State to build an atomic bomb; determination. evidently color blind-they cross on red. yel­ one million precious dollars were taken And. yet, the Soviet Union does not low or green. It's Just a. thought • • • but maybe the out of the mouths of hungry Indians to­ conduct lt.s subversive activities alone. nation could learn a few safety lessons from ward the construction of a mllltary ma­ Communist influence has made great in­ such small town "slowpokes.'• chine. I fail to see how atomic bombs roads into Asia and Europe and con­ The triple A ought to know about this, I could be made edible, could be used to tinues to radiate throughout Latin decided. feed India's millions of starving people. America and Africa. We look with dis­ Melitta Hartung, research editor at the In addition, Mrs. Gandhi, the great may at the recent Communist gains in American Automobile Association in Falls self-appointed conscience of mankind, Portugal and the continuing erosion of Church, Va.. listened to my story and agreed civil liberties. We have already witnessed that we need to start a nationwide "slow has recently begun to lecture the United down" campaign. States on morality. And, at the same the suppression of basic human rights in Being conscious of the huge drain on en­ time, she has insisted that we make more Eastern Europe and Southeast Asia fol­ ergy supplies from "gasoline guzzlers," I aid available to her, an option that is lowing a Communist takeover and the asked for statistics on the effect of the 56 increasingly hard to swallow, increas­ institutionalization of tyranny. mph speed llmlt. ingly unacceptable to Americans. This era of detente should not obscm·e It's considera-ble, she said, though she Mrs. Gandhi does not seem to realize reality. The peoples of tht: captive na­ didn't have statistics to show how much tl:at the real test of a democracy is hard tions have been imprisoned in their lands gasoline was saved by slower speeds. The big bonus, she said. was in the num­ times. America passed the test of Water­ by the iron-fisted Communist regimes. ber of llves It saved. gate. However, the hard times in India Denied the right to emigrate, they must I checked out some of the statistics she have only resulted in the establishment also endure governmental efforts to erase gave me with the Chicago-based National of an odious dictatorship, complete with the richness of their national cultures in Safety Council. Energy-saving speed curbs mass arrests, press censorship, and re­ an assimilationist drive. Either conform reduced highway fatalities 17%. the council pression of political opponents. In short, or suffer persecution-there is no other told me. Mrs. Gandhi and her country hav~iled alternative for these captive peoples. The Here•s the two year toll, as reported by the freedom we enjoy here does not exist council: 56.800 deaths in 1973, 46.200 in 1974. the test. · Fatalities for the first four months this Therefore, I sincerely believe that the there. year are up 3%, and as the nation moves into United States should not continue to At the same time, this time of im­ the busy vacation season, figures for the next pour foreign aid into a country such as proved relations between East and West four months may go even higher. India where respect for our benevolence, should encom·age our ceaseless efforts to Even though highway speeds have started let alone our democratic ideals. seems a alleviate the plight of the captive na­ picking up. the toll for the quarter is still dream of the past. Previously, such as­ tions. It is indeed fitting for us to set 22 % below the same period of '73. aside 1 week each year in protest against One factor behind the lower death toll last sistance had been rationalized on the year was a 3 % decline in travel AAA re­ grounds that it is vital to the survival the incessant enslavement of these once ported. of the world's largest democracy. How­ sovereign nations. The Soviet dissident Conclusion: Efforts to reduce high speed ever, India is no longer the worM's larg­ Alexandr Solzhenitsyn ended hJs recent driving, coupled with President Ford•s est democracy. She is no longer a democ­ speech here with a plea: "We beg you to heavier tax on on imports-aimed at reduc­ racy at all. If Mrs. Gandhi continues to come and interfere." Let this observance ing highway travel-may not be such a bad request foreign aid, other countries, reemphasize our commitment to keep idea. those in support of her current pollcies, this issue in the forefront of our inter­ will have to satisfy her needs. It should national relations. It is ow· moral re .. no longer be up to the United States to sponsibllity to keep the cause of freedom DICTATORSHIP IN INDIA doso. alive for the captive nations. HON. LEO C. ZEFERETTI CAPTIVE NATIONS WEEK OF NEW YORK LOUISIANA DOCTORS SPEAK IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, July 17. 1975 HON. JOHN W. WYDLER HON. W. HENSON MOORE :M:r.ZEFERETTI.:M:r.Speaker,forthe OF NEW YORK OP LOUISIANA past two decades, the people or the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES United States have been repeatedly told that it is largely our responsibility to Wednesday, July 16, 1975 Thursday, July 17, 1975 pour large qualtities of foreign aid into :Mr. WYDLER. :Mr. Speaker, once :M:r. :M:OORE. :M:r. Speaker, the Louisi­ India. And, unsel:.fLshly, and often to our again, we pause to observe Captive Na­ ana State Medical Society has gone on own detriment, we have done so, despite tions Week as an expression of our con­ record in opposition to two bills pending India's own unwillingness and inability cern for the suffering of those peoples in the Senate that view rapid increases to deal with her own problems at home. deprived of their national liberty. Re­ in professional liability insurance rates Simultaneously, India has nestled ever cent events emphasize the need to keep from a Federal vantage point. Instead of closer to the Soviet Union and the Com­ the cause of freedom alive. Or else, we Federal intervention into questions asso­ munist world, following policies that op­ shall watch its demise at the hands of ciated with medical liability, Louisiana pose ours abroad and echoing theirs the oppressing forces, which are active physicians prefer to address this issue on rather than our thoughts concerning the everywhere. The Soviet satellization of a State level. world at large. And, if to compound mat­ Eastern Europe in the 1940's was just the The problem of skyrocketing increases ters even further, we have begun to wit­ beginning of the continuing Communist in such insurance premiums is acute, but ness India's new desire to openly de­ strategy for world domination. The I urge my colleagues to contact their re­ nounce the United States, to denounce tragic fall of Cambodia and South Viet­ spective State medical societies and so­ the democratic Gove1nment she once nam, despite the heroic struggle of these licit their views on State versus Federal tried to emulate. valiant peoples, violated the democratic jurisdiction over legislation relating to Internally, India's policies seem even process of government upon which this professional liability insurance before more bleak to the observer. For exam­ country was founded. making an assessment of any bills pend­ ple, time after time, India has suppressed Focusing on the Baltic States, the So­ ing in Congress. dissent by preventing a plebiscite ln viet Union is seeking to legitimate its I commend to your attention the fol­ Kashmir, suppressed disagreement In illegal occupation of these nations at the lowing language of Resolution 819 as Assam, or shot any Na.ga who dared ask Conference on Security and Cooperation adopted by the Louisiana State Medical for a free state. India invaded Goa and in Europe. We must never recognize the Society House of Delegates on May 4: has gone head in building a massive mili­ forced incorporation of the independent RESOLUTION tary machine. And, all of this has been nations of Estonia, Latvia. and Lithuania Whereas, the Louisiana. S tat e Medical So­ done at the expense of her people. by the Soviet Union in blatant denial of ciety Sa fully cognizant of the implicatiom 23476 .EXTENSIONSI OF REMARKS' July 17, 1975 and severity of the current Professional Lia­ mined by supply and demand factors, there's country, and to insist on gasoline short­ bility Insurance problem, and no wa.y profits can be too high. Whereas, physicians welcome the input of "The higher the profits the better, because age and long lines waiting to the pump. a.11 interested individuals, organizations and there is more money available to finance the I hope it is not speaking too late to public officials but do not believe that an better life in this country." urge the President to insist on a veto. appropriate approach lies in federal inter­ Stults noted an observation by journalist vention, be it therefore Eric Sevaried that the "Chief cause of prob­ Resolved, that the Louisiana State Medical lems is solutions." Society believes that solution to the current The implication, Stults said, is that un­ SCHOOL SAFETY Professional Liability Insurance problem qualified people try to solve ceraln problems, must be found at the State level, and be it or people qualified for other things are asked further to solve problems in an area they should HON. MARIO BIAGGI Resolved, that the Louisiana State Medical never attempt. OF NEW YORK Society is opposed to federal legislation which "Tom Martin, the educator who wrote would direct or interfere with solution of the 'Ma.lice in Blunderla.nd,' said our problems IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Professional Liability Insurance problem at are ca.used by the 'provocative purveyors of Thursday, July 17, 1975 the State level, and be it further panaceas,' " the banker added. Resolved, that the Louisiana State Medical As for the state of the economy, Stults 1\.1:r. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, the Sub­ Society is specifically opposed to "National said the country's major problems have bot­ committee on Elementary, Secondary, Medical Injury Compensation Insurance Act tomed out. and Vocational Education has recently of 1975" (S. 215) introduced by Senator "Our problems are mostly behind us­ addressed itself to school safety. Even a Inouye and "National Medical Malpractice what we have to do now ls fight the solu­ cursory examination of this problem Insurance and Arbitration Act of 1975" (S. tions," he said. suggests the pessimistic conclusion that 482), introduced by Sena.tor Kennedy. Stults noted that housing and autos are on their way back up, that inventory reduc­ America's public schools, particularly tion for all practical purposes has been com­ those in densely populated urban areas, ~. Consumer confidence also has seen are losing the idyllic atmosphere neces­ d t!!lll.l, and the inflation trend is favorable, sary for an effective learning experience ECONOidIC SITUATION Jed. and are acquiring the sordid aspects as­ . ~ults marveled at the abll1ty of the econ­ sociated with many of America's most omy to withstand the shock of the double­ dangerous and violent city streets. To­ HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI digit inflation, the energy crisis, an OF n.LINOIS unprecedented political upheaval, and an day's schools are nothing but the exten­ sion of the streets as far as crime is IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES all-time low in consumer confidence-all occurring in a relatively short period of time. concern€d. Thursday, July 17, 1975 "Even in this recession, the economy is The problem is multifaceted and com­ Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, as functioning to the benefit of more than 95 plex. There are no instant panaceas. On percent of our citizens," he said. "This hasn't the other hand, the lack of an obvious, the Congress plods along adding layer been given the kind of recognition it after layer to the Federal bureaucracy, deserves." easy solution is no excuse for allowing there is no doubt that an overabundance Stults had criticized a couple of decisions the problem to proceed unchecked. of regulations and Federal interference, President Ford made early in his adminis­ Two possible approaches to the prob­ working with the economic system as well tration [the pardoning of Richard Nixon and lem are available for immediate study, as the frustrating paternalism of the the amnesty otter to Viet Nam War deserters] and, hopefully, for prompt implementa­ huge Federal Government, is adversely without first consulting his advisers or mem­ tion. First, educators must cease their affecting the overall American economic bers of the Congress. complicity in the conspiracy of silence "If Ford had devised a game plan-which which envelops the issue of rampant situation. I don't think he did-I don't believe he could These points are very effectively made have done a better job of showing the nation crime in the schools. Their reluctance to by a very distinguished civic and business he was a strong decision-maker," said the report school crime is an open invi­ leader, Allen P. Stults. In the Chicago banker. tati on to further indulgence in illegal Tribune of July 11, Nick Poulos, finan­ "But since then, I think he has done an acts. Second, the predilection of many cial editor of that publication, carried excellent job; demonstrating he is a thought­ courts to draw hard and fast lines at age Mr. Stults's remarks in his column, ful statesman who does use his advisers, 16 between adult and juvenile crime must careful not to shoot from the hip, yet capa­ be reevaluated. Most heinous crimes are "Moneyscene." I am pleased to insert ble of deoisive action as in the case of the this article at this time: Mayaguez ship seizure. committed by young people under 16, MONEYSCENE-STULTS HITS GOVERNMENT "He's made great strides in building the and this disturbing fact must be the ECONOMIC TAMPERING confidence of the nation in the fa.ct it has point of departure for any new policy in (By Nick Poulos) an honest, dedicated statesman at the helm." this area. Young people under the age of "Our country is suffering from the sickness 16 are cognizant of the fact that their of an overgoverned society," Banker Allen P. crimes go unpunished, including their Stults was ruminating. violent crimes. Judicial permissiveness in "Government's tampering with the basic PRODUCTION ROLLBACKS this area, while no doubt the product of components of our economy-supply, de­ noble intentions, in fact, merely encour­ mand, and prices-was, is, and always will be ages the unhealthy and dangerous cli­ detrimental. HON. JAMES G. MARTIN mate in many American classrooms. "And every government intervention is OF NORTH CAROLINA harmful. Without exception, it hurts the Tranquility and the absence of fear are long-range economic well-being of the coun­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES not merely desirable characteristics of try." Thursday, July 17, 1975 the classroom; they are necessary ones. Stults, chairman and chief executive officer On an interim basis, school guards, or of American National Bank & Trust Company l\.1:r.1\.1:ARTIN.Mr.Speaker,Ispoketoo where possible, police officers, must be of Chicago, told his visiting interviewer that soon. placed in schools plagued by chronic ju­ most of the country's ills could be solved Yesterday after hearing the encourag­ venile violence. In the long term, how­ by simply letting the economy operate with­ ing remarks of the gentleman from ever, the preservation of peace in the out interference. Texas (Mr. KRUEGER) and the gentleman "Our markets are the most efficient ele­ classroom will be better achieved by a ments of our economy,'' Stults continued. from California (1\.1:r. REES) I was lulled voluntary acquiescence in the desirability "They properly assess and they properly into the hope that the Congress could of the open classroom and not by forced price. Price functions as the chastiser, the join with the President on a P1·ogram of compliance under the visible threat of punisher of the oversupplier. gradual deregulation of domestic oil. an officer's club. Responsibility for in­ "The economic healt h of our country is the The vote just taken today, adopting culcating in students the value of orderly key to our overall well-being, a.nd profits a.re the conference report on H.R. 4035 by behavior rests primarily with their home the barometer of economic health. a vote of 239 to 172, the House agreed to environments. "These profits are the sole source-directly or indirectly--of financing all cultural, edu­ a Senate amendment which amounts to I received a letter this week from a cational, and social activities. a price rollback. concerned parent, a Mrs. Rudolph Velky "In a free enterprise system there are no Apparently, the liberal majority is con­ from Solon, Iowa, whose son was sub­ uncontrollable monopolies. With our free tent to insist on confrontation, to in­ jected to verbal harassment and physi­ markets working so t hat prices are deter- sist on reduced production of oil in this cal assault for resisting in his school an July 17, 1975 EXTENSIO S OF REMARK 2347,7, offer of sale of drugs and for 1·eporting make their way in society. If need be then In September that all changed. My hus­ the incident to the school authorities. this ls the place for those. They are definitely band was transferred from Pea.rl Harbor sick. (my son and I lived in California whlle he Her letter sheds light on the near uni­ Now one more thing, our same 15 year old was stationed. in Hawaii) to Alameda NAS. versal concern with this unfortunate got his drivers license this spring and was We sold our home and moved to Marin phenomenon of the erosion of the at­ caught speeding. We pulled his license for 33 County as housing was (and still is) un­ mosphere in the Nation's classrooms. I days, plus the state pulled it for another 30 available in Alameda. As a member of the am including her letter in the RECORD for da.ys and he has to take a written test over military community I have become more the edification of my colleague again. He also was fined a big amount which aware of the problems that face the military Representative MARIO BIAGGI, he ls paying us back for at rate of little by fa.mily. plowing and cultivating in the field which I do not intend to list here the benefits State of New York, he dearly hates to do because it does so slow. tliat bave been eliminated over the past ten New York, N.Y. He has been a good kid other wise but he years. After all, they are gone and there is HELLO MR. REPRESENTATIVE: I read in our Cedar Rapids Gazette about your urging for needed to know how money comes from hard no sense in beating a dead horse. After sev­ a stiffer penalty for the young people. Please work and at 80° in field all day and little pay eral months of careful deliberation and after may I tell you our story: Last December my it doesn't come as easy as it goes. writing to several members of Congress re­ 15 year old son was offered drugs by another We told him he has no right to threaten garding the commissary issue, I ha.ve come boy whom years earlier had been to our others lives by driving like that or no right to the conclusion that the answers to the house to play. My son turned him into the to do it to bis own life. We told him it ls not problems of the military community lie in school officials. But, with all the good work because we hate him but because we love the Congress. You have the solution available of the school and the police the boy only him and would like to see him grow up and to you. ha.d 3 months of home tutoring and back to have a nice life that he has to do this, and We have truth in lending, more consumer school a.gain to the same bunch. In other with the realization that you many times advocates are appearing every day and Amer­ words, some judge pa,tted the boy on the ha.ve to work for nothing and take a lot of icans are becoming awa.i·e of their rights. guff from people and that he has to a.bide What I believe could stop a lot of the prob­ back and kissed him for being a 15 year old by guidelines or he won't have decent who really knew his way a.round. In the a lems that exlst for us today is for Congress country to live in and be able to even pro­ to prohibit the Services or the Pentagon or meantime, our son had his life threat-ened test about a thing let alone maybe •e~l} when the word got out, we had phone call whoever from promising things in recruiting having an auto to drive. Yes we ha.v'e.. 1:>e~fi. and re-enlistment that they have no right after phone call, his younger brother 12 years threatened to have our new home burnt even had nasty sneers to him and some tried to promise. down and many other things but we think Recently there appeared in om· magazines to beat up on him, plus I sent our 5 year old that if we do go by the guidelines and truth to Bible School the other day and he came a promotional advertisement for the Pl'oject then sooner or lat-er it will prevail. Get Ahead program whereby a person en­ home telling what some girl that apparently Enough rambling on, but please don't give had been connected with the drug kids had lists in the Army and when they get out up on this you are trying to do for a.ll the they can go to college on the O.I. Bill. Tlle to say and he asked me what it was all about. young people there are many parents that Across the road from us the young boy bas Army cannot guarantee the G.I. Bill will be will back you up, it ls just that we have not there when that person is ready to go to invited this boy whom my son turned in plus been making the noise like the donkeys a lot of the other drug kids and my son has college. Service men and women are being have. promised commissaries, exchanges, medical chores to do over there every morning. So as Thank you for taking the time out to read he walks by they yell filth, threw bolts at coverage, housing, etc. for themselves and this. their families. CAVEAT EMPTOR IS NO WAy him, and turned up the stereo so loud we Sincerely, to TO FIND A JOB. can't get sleep at night. We stopped it last Mrs. RUDOLPII c. VELKY, night, my husband went over there and told I've heard so many comments such as "The the parents that we damn well knew what Service promised us all these benefits and was going on and tha.t the harassment would now the Congress is taking them away." stop now a.nd tha... the stereo would be turned After a while, I began to think, now wait down. We think the kids have these parents CONSTITUENT LETTER OUTLINES just a minute, maybe the Service didn't afraid to do anything their selves a.nd either DECLINE OF MILITARY SERVICE have the right to promise all these benefits. we're dumb or smart but we a.re not going BENEFITS I would like to hear from you on this. to let them get to us and we're going to have some changes made. You see we happen to be people that be­ HON. JOHN L. BURTON lieve that God gave us children to take care OF CALIFORNYA DEATH OF FORMER CONGRESSMAN of and even to punish if the needs arise that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that might be the case. Children needs a LAWRENCE G. WILLIAMS guide and the parents should be a set of Thursday, July 17, 1975 those guides as muoh as school officials po­ HON. ALBERT W. JOHNSON licemen, or the courts. But ! ! ! when the Mr. JOHN L. BURTON. Mr. Speaker, judge passes the buck he is not setting this the men and women who serve in our OF PENNSYLVANIA guide and yet as a youth he also had to have country's Armed Forces are faced with IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES some good guiding or he wouldn't have been increasingly dwindling military service Monday, July 14, 1975 where he ls today and what makes him think benefits made in the name of budget cut­ that the children now are any better than he ting. Mr. JOHNSON of Pennsylvania. Mr. was, or ls it that he got to where he is The next benefit that military families Speaker, it was with great sorrow that I though corruption which in the end shows learned of the death of my dear friend. if it did in his way of handling things in his may lose is that of the base commissary. court. The loss of certain conveniences that Larry Williams. When he first came to We could ha.ve called the police on this once helped to make military life more Congress I made it a point to meet him across the road or on the telephone calls and bearable has been effectively outlined in very soon as I had received calls from the harrasment but they would do their job a letter I have received from a constitu­ members of the Pem1sylvania Association only to have it go to court to have the case ent. of Township Supervisors to immediately dismissed or the judge to pat them on the Mr. Speaker, in order that my col­ look up Larry Williams, as he was a very back again. Instead how about a work pro­ leagues may read first-hand the situation fine person, and would be a credit to the gram after school with pay of a.bout .50 an hour a.nd a. check up on the children to see that many families now face, I wish to congressional delegation of Pennsylvania. to it that they a.re not back running with insert in the RECORD a copy of this cor­ I made this ea1·ly acquaintance and the the same drug kids again and making the respondence. reports that I had received on Larry were parents being held responsible and each time The text of the letter follows: true. He was a real fine gentleman and they are caught uping the fine or making a JUNE 25, 1975. became an outstanding Congressman. He harder sentence for them until they learn Representative JOHN L. BURTON, was named a member of the Banking and the good old fashioned hard way that peo· Longworth, House Office Building, ple whom work hard and do right by God WasMngton, D.C. Currency Committee, and with his great and their country are really making it pos­ DEAR Sm: My husband has been in the knowledge of urban and suburban prob­ sible for these other creeps to live in this Navy for the last 11 years although we were lems he made a valuable contribution to country. and we really don't enjoy support­ not active in the military community until the committee and its work. ing judges or the people that do this sort of just recently. We lived about 50 miles from He knew the housing needs of his area, thing. No school teacher or adult should his ship when he was in port and we did have to have to take this abuse from kids not move with him until late last year. His the problems of banks and thrift institu­ as I really think we ha.ve institutions that being in the Navy was more of a job than a tions, and he was an expert on mass tran­ used to take ca.re of people that couldn't way of life. sit. When he spoke in committee or on 2~78 £XJ'XENSIONS OF ·REMARKS Jul~ 1 1, 19 't 5 the House floor he attracted rapt atten­ Community Mental Health Centers Act, ticipating in the Independence Day cere­ tion. is to establish the National Center for monies conducted by Argo Lodge No. 413, It is always sad when such a fine per­ the Prevention and Control of Rape, B'nai B'rith. The event was significant son is stricken at a time when he was which will undertake a national effort as it focused upon an important part of a.chieving such great success in life. Those against the crime of rape and in sup­ this Nation's heritage which we some­ are the things that are beyond our con­ port of the victim. The center, to be times too easily forget. No one who at­ trol and are, of course, hard to explain. located within the National Institute of tended could fail to be moved by the ex­ I want to join his former fellow Mem­ Mental Health, would be responsible for periences of those honored, nor, I feel, bers of Congress in extending to his dear :financing and conducting research and fail to appreciate the fact that they rep­ wife, Margery, and the other members of demonstration programs into the causes, resented the hundreds and thousands his family, our deepest sympathy in their consequences, prevention, treatment and who have fled oppression in foreign lands great loss, and want them to know that control of rape. to find freedom and fulfillment on our we share in their grief in the passing of The center, with its repository of re­ shores. this very great person. search and information on rape preven­ Each of those honored were presented tion and treatment, would be of con­ with the Haym Salomon Freedom Medal­ siderable benefit to States and communi­ lion. Each had fled Europe during the ties in developing more effective and holocaust of the 1930's. They came to the RAPE PREVENTION AND CONTROL more humane victim-oriented procedures United States and found freedom here. for dealing with rape victims. Primary But more than that, in spite of language activity involving rape prevention, treat­ barriers, each has added significantly to Hon. Yvonne Brathwaite Burke ment, and control would still be sup­ his or her field of endeavor and OF CALIFORNIA ported by State, local, and voluntary conununity. funding sources, but the Federal Govern­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Those honored were: Mrs. Annette B. ment can and should encourage and sup­ Ludwick, artist, painter, and creator of Wednesday, July 16, 1975 port these activities by providing tech­ Jewish sculpture; Dr. Laszlo Sokoly Mrs. BURKE of California. Mr. Speak­ nical advice and :financially supporting dentist and professor; Mrs. Rita Rubin~ er, as a prime sponsor of the Rape Pre­ research and demonstration projects to stein, educator and teacher, Yiddish and vention and Control Act, I am pleased discover new and more effective means Hebrew; Rabbi Akiva Egozi, poet, writer, that the provisions of that legislation of carrying out State and local pro­ educator, principal, Hebrew Academy of are included as title III of the Health grams. I would expect that any studies Greater Washington; Dr. Edwin Shot­ Revenue Sharing and Health Services and investigations undertaken by the land, physicist and author; Dr. David Act. center would utilize the expertise of the Korn, professor, Howard University, lin­ The incidence of forcible sexual as­ various citizen groups throughout the guist, authority on Soviet Jewry. Each sault has become more and more wide­ country who have been involved in run­ of those receiving a Freedom Medallion spread over the past several decades. ninff rape crisis intervention programs gave a moving response. Mr. Herman Forcible rape is the fas test growing crime and similar projects. Taube spoke eloquently and sensitively of violence in the United States. At the Under this act, an advisory committee to those gathered in honor of this eve­ same time, it is probably one of the most will be appointed to advise, consult, and ning's presentations. underreported and least understood make recommendations on the imple­ The ceremonies were conducted by Mr. crimes in the country. According to the mentation of the programs of the center. Joseph M. Frankle, past president of uniform crime report released by the The intent of the legislation as originally Argo Lodge No. 413. I had the pleasure FBI, over 51,000 females were the victims introduced, and as stated in the com­ of being introduced by my old friend, of rape in 1973. This :figure represents a mittee report, is to appoint persons to David A. Brody, director of the Washing­ 10 percent increase over 1972 and a this committee who are particularly ton office of the Anti-Defamation League, shocking 62-percent increase over a 5- qualified and recognized leaders in the who contributed to the serious and patri­ year period, 1968-73. The increase may area of rape prevention, treatment, and otic theme of the evening with thought­ stem in part from improved reporting control. It is also specified in the legis­ ful and timely remarks. and a growing willingness on the part of lation that a majority of the members of victims to press charges despite the risks. the committee must be women. But it must also undoubtedly reflect an I would hope that promising new ap­ increase in the incidence of rape in this proaches to rape prevention treatment A CITIZEN PROTESTS THE PRES­ country. and control will be developed and put IDENT'S SNUB OF SOLZHENITSYN The reasons that rape victims either into effect as a result of the center's re­ fail or choose not to report such a savage search and demonstration program as HON. LARRY McDONALD crime of personal invasion are numerous; well as the other studies and investiga­ tions it will undertake. This legislation is OF GEORGIA some obvious, some less so. Aside from IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the personal embarrassment or trauma only a first step in moving our Nation that the victim must suffer if she carries toward a more responsible, more humane Thursday, July 17, 1975 her case into the courts, there appears to system for dealing with the perpetrators Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. be a growing sense of futility by the vic­ of this crime. By placing a higher prior­ Speaker, in conjunction with my ear­ tim toward winning her case. Only 51 ity on examining the causes and con­ lier remarks-Tuesday, July 15-in the percent of the rapes reported in 1973 were sequences of rape and seeking more ef­ CONGRESSIONAL RECORD concerning Pres­ cleared by arrest; of the adults anested, fective methods of rehabilitation, we can ident Ford's snub of Alexandr Solzhe­ 76 percent were prosecuted for this of­ move closer to discovering methods for ni~yn, I would like to offer the views of fense; of those cases prosecuted, 36 per­ preventing and controlling this heinous a private citizen which came to my at­ crime. Only then will women be able to tention when he provided me with a copy cent resulted in conviction. This means have the security and peace of mind to that forcible rape has a lower conviction move about as freely as men. of a letter he sent the President. The rate than any other crime. sentiments of Mr. Van Curler's forth­ The skyrocketing incidence of reported right views to the President on the Sol­ rapes, the inadequacy of our current an­ zhenitsyn matter I think quite adequate­ tiquated rape laws, the indignities often CONTRIBUTIONS TO AMERICA BY ly expresses the opinion held by the ma­ experienced by rape victims, and the low CITIZENS OF FOREIGN BffiTH jority of citizens in this country, as Mr. rate of rape convictions all point to the Nessen, the President's Press Secretary, need for a national rape prevention ef­ himself confirmed, and his remarks cer­ fort. HON. HAMILTON FISH, JR. tainly merit recognition: This legislation represents an attempt OF NEW YORK JULY 8, 1975. President GERALD Fono, at the national level to encourage con­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sideration of the general attitudes and White House, assumptions about rape, its· victims and Thursday, July 17~ 1915 Washington, D.O. DEAR PRESIDENT FORD: I am certain that my it.s perpetrators. The objective of the Mr. FISH. Mr. Speaker, on July 9, 1975, letter will be only one in a :flood of com­ legislation, included as part D of the I was privileged to have the honor of par- plaints you must be receiving on your recent July 17; t975 EXTENSIO OF REMARKS 23479 refusal to meet with Alexandr Solzhenitsyn, a move toward the resumption of open knowledge that they will probably slow the exiled Soviet author who many of us in hostilities. down .the productivity of Congress. The this country consider a very important indi­ greater the fragmentation of influence, the I will vote for the concurrent resolu· ha.rder it is to develop or assert internal vidual a.nd certainly someone the President I ask of this great country should have had the tion .of disapproval and my col­ leadership. And the more open the internal courtesy to at least meet with. leagues to do the same. operation, the easier it is for external groups According to Associated Press news, you to interpose their wi1:.hes at all stage of the declined to meet with the gentleman on the process . advice of Henry Kissinger because it "might .. That is, the weaker the leadership and the more the external demands, the slower upset Soviet officials and deal ,1 setback to CONGRESSIONAL REFORM detente." will go the lawmaking. If wha.t we want from I, like many Americans. are fed up with Congress is action, neither type of reform this business of soft peddling Commu­ can be viewed as a blessing," Fenno says. nism and have had enough of this so-called HON. ROMANO L. MAZZOLI He argues that, for the most part, it helps detente. It appears that this means nothing OF KENTUCKY the country that Congress is "our slow institution." That slowness, Fenno says. n1ore than surrender on every issue to the IN Tim HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Communists, and we Americans have had it. gives Congress time to "work out and re­ I am sorry for your busy schedule and hope Thursday, Jilly 17, 1975 flect a consensus view in the country," as it did, so effectively, during last year's im­ that your family dinner was worthwhile. Mr. MAZZOLI. Mr. Speaker, this Con­ However, it seems to me that Ron Nessen peachment proceedings. should be more careful with public state­ gress has been criticized as being slow­ Consensus decisions, he argues, "are likely ments as quoted in the article, "The Pres­ moving and inactive. to be regarded as fair decisions- and what ident generally likes to schedule meetings While there is some basis for these we shall be needing from our nation.al insti­ that involve substance," particularly when criticisms, the public interest may be tutions now-more than speed-a.re de­ you can find time to meet with soccer star served by a Congress which does not cisions that are felt to be fair." That conclusion might be cha.Uen.ged by Pele and all the rock music stars and beauty move hastily and instantly. queens you have recently been pictured with. those who feel that two years is a bit too In a recently published article, David long to await the emergency of a "consen­ I woul~ hope that the administration and Broder develops this thought in an in­ sus" on energy policy in Congress or the particularly the President of our country teresting· manner, and I commend this would extend an apology for this uncalled­ country. But Fenno ls not trying to give the article to the attention of my col­ lawmakers excuses for inaction. for incident. leagues. On the contrary, he asserts that the re­ Sincerely, forms put additional burdens on individual DON LD E. v ~.:,r CURLER.. \VHY CONGRESS" SLOWNESS MAY REALLY BE A POSITIVE ATTRIBUTE members of Congress--particularly in their role as educators of their own constituents. (By David Broder) With the reforms that have been passed, WASHINGTON.-The members o.f Congress he says, "more members should be willing DISAPPROVE SALE OF MISSILES are on holiday this week, attempting-at to resi4 the temptation-which seizes them TO JORDAN least one presumes-to explain to their con­ when they talk to their constituent&-to see stituents why their branch of government Congress as 'then1' instead of •we,' a.nd to seems trapped in its own sense of futility. run for Congress by running against Con­ When last seen, the House was failing to gress". HON. WILLIAM M. BRODHEAD override another presidential veto and the More should be willing, instead, to accept OF MICHIGAM Senate was still filibustering last November's their personal accountability for the per­ IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENT_<\TIVES New Hampshire senatorial election-neither formance of Congress as an institution­ of which have ~n obvious connection with and to seek, while home among their con­ Thursday, July 17, 1975 advancing the public welfare. But there is stituents, to shape the consensus that makes Mr. BRODHEAD. Mr. Speaker, I wish more to the story than that. effective congressional action possible. to protest in the strongest terms the Some helpful perspective on Congress and Fenno suggests that the press needs to do. it.a condition have come to hand, in the form much more monitoring of what congress­ proposed sale of Hawk missiles to Jor­ of an essay by Richard F. Fenno Jr. of the men tell their constituents. This week pro­ dan and I urge Members to vote for the University of Rochester. Fenno, a longtime vides a wonderful opportunity for news­ concurrent resolution disapproving the student of the legislative branch, originally paper;:. around the country to do just that. sale. presented his thoughts t-0 a Time magazine Besides the fact that the administra­ forum here. .J tion has misled the House about the size It is his belief, not smatterecl by years of and scope of the sale, I oppose it because intimate acquaintance with the institu­ it will seriously alter the balance of pow­ tion, that Congress really is the rep1·esent­ OIL PRICE DECONTROLS COULD a.tive body in Washington. It is obviously GENERATE A NEW OIL CRISIS er in the Middle East. more representative than the Supreme Court It is the considered opinion of mili­ and, he argues, more reflective "of the di­ tary and political observers that these versity of views that exists in this country" weapons will give Jordan the strength it than the single individual who claims to be HON. DOMINICK V. DANIELS needs to open a third front against Is­ president of all the people. OF NEW JERSEY rael in any new Mideast war. Far from Moreover, Fenno's proposition is that the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES congressional reforms of recent yoors have being merely a defensive weapon, the Thursday, July 17, 1975 'I Hawk and Redeye missiles would pro­ tended to enhance, not impede, that repre­ vide cover for an offensive ground strike. sentative character. Mr. DOMINICK V. DANIELS. Mr. One set of reforms has been designed to Speaker. the Subcommittee on Con­ Thus, Mr. Speaker. the United States Share power more evenly among all 535 could be in a position of supplying one members of Congress-by spreading the sumer Economics of the Joint Economic of the key ingredients which would pre­ choice comm.itt.ee assignments among junior Committee held hearings this week on cipitate a renewal of the war in that part members, by weakening the power of com­ the general economic impact of oil price of the world. mittee chairmen and other elders, and by decontrol. _ To justify this sale, as the adminis­ strengthening party caucuses. Because of the importance of .the tration has attempted to do, by saying A second stream of reforms has been de­ testimony that was presented, indicat­ that it would strengthen King Hussein signed to make the workings of Congress ing serious repercussions for the U.S. more public and hence more accessible to economy if the President's decontrol internally and reinforce Jordan's "mod­ constituents' understanding. The use of 1·e­ erate" policies, is the utmost folly. King corded teller vot,es on key amendments in plan is adopted, I would like to share a Hussein has said that one reason why the House, the opening of committee mark­ part of that testimony with my ·col­ he did not open a third front against up sessions and some conference committees leagues. Israel in 1973 was that he lacked an and party caucuses ma1·k impo1-tant steps in I believe the excellent testimony of adequate air defense system. This sale that direction. Charles L. Schultze will be particularly But there are costs and consequences for interesting to my colleagues in view of would give him just such a system. these reforms, just as there have been for Mr. Speaker, I urge Members to con­ the debate in whfoh we are engaged to· the reforms in the presidential nominating As Mr. sider this sale with the greatest caution. process and in the campaign finance laws. day on oil pricing policy. It is not only contrary to the longstand­ Fenno writes: "While the two streams of Schultze points out, the Pi·esident's de­ ing policy of friendship and support we reform may enhance the representative control plan could result in a loss of have shown toward Israel. it is actually pos-;ibilities of Congress, we should also a{:- consumer purchasing power of between 23480 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 11, 19, 5 $25 and $45 billion, and could further case of fruits and other food products with 13. Simplification of moving expense de­ result in the loss of up to 1 Y2 million long development periods, the deduction of ductions and application to the mllitary. jobs. fa.rm losses, the so-called hobby loss opera­ 14. Tax treatment of scholarships and This testimony, along with other t ions, Umiting farm deductions to related in­ fellowships (including cancellation of in­ come (perhaps only to the extent nonfarm debtedness with respect to certain student testimony developed by Chase Econo­ income exceeds some level (such as $20,000)), metric Associates, the Library of Con­ loan programs) . limiting deductions on livestock to the 15. Clarification of the tax: treatment of gress, and the committee staff, under­ amount of risk, requiring the accrual method certain disaster loan provisions. scores the need to proceed with caution of accounting for corporat ions engaged in 16. Qualified stock options. in the area of price decontrols on do­ farming, etc. 17. Alternative capital gains tax rate for mestic crude oil. While the price does c. Natural Resource - This category in­ individuals. need to rise somewhat to increase pro­ cludes limiting the .deductions for intangible 18. Holding period for short -term capital duction and discourage wasteful con­ drilling expenses and development costs on a gains. sumption, it should not be allowed to property to the amount the taxpayer has at 19. Group t ~rn1 insurance. r isk, limiting deductions from intangible C. Foreign Income rise so rapidly that it destroys whatever drllling expenses (except in the case of dry hope we have for an economic recovery. h oles) to the relat ed income, recapturing in­ 1. Per-country limitation in computing For this reason, it is essential that the tangible drilling costs deducted as ordinary foreign tax credit. House give its support to the reasonable income where the property is subsequently 2. Grossing up dividends from less devel­ 7014, S'1ld at a gain, etc. oped country corporations for purposes of price ceilings in H.R. as reported determining U.S. income and foreign tax out of the Interstate and Foreign Com­ d. Motion Picture F i lms and Si milar Prov­ credit. merce Committee. erty- This category includes limiting deduc­ tions for depreciation in motion picture 3. Application of the foreign tax credit in the case of capital gains income. films, etc., to the amount of income derived from the investments, and limiting loss 4. Treatment of foreign Income subse­ deductions to the amount of risk, etc. quently ea.i:ned where foreign losses are off­ FOR 24TH DISTRICT CONSTITUENTS e. Personal Property (Equipment) Leas­ set against U.S.-source income. 5. Deferral of income of controlled. foreign ing-This category includes limiting deduc­ subsidiaries. tions of depreciation on personal property ~(.:·-- HON. DALE MILFORD subject to a net lease to the income from the 6. Exclusion for income earned abroad by ~ OF TEXAS property, etc. U.S. citizens living or residing abroad. 7. Tax treatment of foreign trusts. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES f. Sports Teams (Player Contracts)-This f 8. Excise tax on transfers to a foreign category includes specifying the portion of business. 1• Thursday, July 17, 1975 an aggregate amount paid to purchase a : 9. Treat ment of earnings of less developed Mr. MILF'ORD. Mr. Speaker, the team or group of assets which is allocable country corporations where there is a dis­ chairman of the Ways and Means Com­ to player contracts and applying recapture rules in the case of player contracts. position of stock representing these earnings. mittee has just announced that public 10. Westeru Hemisphere trade corpora­ g. Tax Treatment of Limited Partnerships­ tions. hearings are now underway in his com­ This includes considerations involving the mittee on the first phase of a tax reform basis for non-recourse loans, requiring cer­ 11. Tax t rr> atment of U.S. possession cor ­ bill. He has further announced the par­ porations. tain kinds of limited partnerships (and joint 12. Tax deferral under DISC provisions ticular areas of our tax laws that are ventures) to be taxed as corporations, et c. (including export trade corporations). being studied. h. Prepaid Interest.- This category in­ 13. China Trade Act Corporations. In order for my constituents in the cludes requiring the use of the accural meth­ 14. Application of the 30-percent with­ 24th District of Texas to be fully aware od of accounting for prepaid interest. holding tax to dividend and interest income of the tax areas being revised, I would i. Partnership Syndication Fees-This cat­ received from the U.S. by foreign persons. egory is included to clarify the rules requir­ like to list them hereunder. ing capitalization of partnership syndica­ 15. Dividend treatment of U.S. sharehold- Mr. Speaker, one of the key platforms tion fees. ers where funds are Invested in the United in my election campaign was "tax re­ States by foreign corporations. B. Tax Simplification and Reform of Domes­ 16. Advance IRS rulings for ta.x-free ex­ form." I am pleased to see the Ways and tic Income of Individuals changes involving foreign corporations re­ Means Committee underway with these 1. Deduction of expenses attributable to lated to U.S. taxpayers. extensive hearings. business use of homes and rental of vacation 17. Tax treatment of married couples My own voters will be able to read the homes. where one spouse is a nonresident alien. topics under consideration and mail me 2. Deduction for conventions, conferences, 18. Minimum tax on foreign source their ideas and recommendations. I etc., outside the United States. income. shall, 1n turn, forward all suggestions to 3. Retirement Income credit. D. Administrative Provisions the Ways and Means Committee so that 4. Sick pay exclusion. 1. Income tax return preparers. each may be considered during the hear­ 5. Child care deduction. 2. Assessments in case of mathematical or 6. Deduction of alimony payments. clerical eITors. ings. 7. Deduction for guarantees of business The article follows: 3. Application of withholding tax provi­ paid debts t o guarantors not involved in sions. such as for Interest and dividends, cer­ LIST OF TOPICS FOK TAX REFORM PACKAGE IN business. tain gambling winnings, earnings of agricul­ FmST PHASE 8. Deduction for property t ransfer taxes tural employees, and State income taxes for A. Tax Shelters and Minimum Tax and disabllity taxes. certain government employees and military 1. Minimum Tax--This category includes 9. Simplification of itemized deductions reservists. t he consideration of the exemption level, the generally including (but not llmlted to) a 4. Disclosure of tax returns and ret urn rate of tax, the allowance of a deduction for simplification deduction in lieu of the div­ information. the regular individual or corporate Income idends received exclusion, the deduction for 5. Private let ter rulings. tax, and the possiblllty of adding other pref­ State and local taxes on gasoline and other 6. Jeopardy and termination assessments. erence items to the base of the tax or alter­ motor fuels, deduction of casualty losses be­ 7. Declaratory judgments In the case of natively the consideration of a different low a floor (e.g., 3 percent), medical expense tax-exempt organizations. version of a minimum tax. deduction below a floor (e.g., 5 percent in­ 8. Tax exempt status of condominiums and 2. Allocation of itemized deductions be­ stead of the present 3-percent floor on med­ homeowner associations. tween taxable and nontaxable income. ical expenses generally and I-percent floor 9. John Doe summons. on drugs), and deduction for certain em­ E. Deadwood Bill 3. Ta:r: Shelters Generally- ployee business expenses and expenses of a. Real Estate-This category includes de­ activity engaged In for profit below a floor Repeal and revision of obsolete, rarely u sed, preciation methods and life (including any (e.g., $200). etc., provisions. distinction for this purpose between borrow­ 10. Extension of tax tables to enable in­ P. Extension of Individual and Corporate ings and equity), recapture rules for excess dividuals to use the short 1040-A tax form Tax Reductions Provided In Tax Reduc­ depreciation, treatment of Interest and taxes for adjusted gross incomes up to $20,000. tion Act of 1975 during the construction period, limiting cer­ 11. Accumulation trusts. G. Capital Formation (Including Fast De­ tain real estate deductions to related income, 12. Limitation of the interest deduction preciation, Investment Credit, and Inte­ etc. for nonbusiness interest to a spec11led gration of Corporate and Individual Taxes) b. Farm Operations-This category includes amount where it is claimed as an itemized H. Capital Gains and Losses th e treatment of development costs in the deduction. I . Limited Technical Matters July 17, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23481 PROCEEDINGS OF THE FEDERAL A question has been raised as to the use financial arrangements for each event will be ELECTION COMMISSION of this arrangement in light of the amend­ agreed upon on an individual basis between menm to Title 18 set out in too proceeds the Democratic National Committee and the with respect t.o tbe telethon.1 Under the State Committee. Costs of the event may be HON. TOM STEED ~rms of agreement t,o be executed by par­ paid for by the State Committee or by the OF OKLAHOMA ticipating State Committees and by the Democratic National Committee, and iu Democratic National Committee, the State either case costs may be met out of the IN 'lHE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Committees assume the responsibility for op­ proceeds of the event. In at least one in­ Thursday, July 17, 1975 erating and financing state telephone centers. stance, the costs of the event are to be borne Costs of telephone installation and rental of by one or more individuals, who have un­ Mr. STEED. Mr. Speaker, for the space will be reimbursed by the Democratic 'dertaken t o host the event. The terms of benefit of those who share my interest National Committee. AJJ.y other expenses at­ agreement as to distribution of proceeds in the proceedings of the Federal Elec­ t ributable to the operation of telephone will also vary from state to state. In some tion Commission, I am again today plac­ centers will be borne by t he State com­ cases, pledge cards or envelopes will be dis­ ing into the RECORD material which they mittees. tributed at the event, with contributions to have provided. Members wishing to re­ State Committees are also, under the terms be sent directly to the Democratic National of agreement, responsible for planning and Committee. Where this is done, there will tain the entire sequence of proceedings 1mplementing at least one of two proposed usually be no charge, or a minimal charge, should also consult the RECORDS of June pre-telethon programs, designed to encour­ for admission to the event. In other cases, 2 and 25, and July 9, H, 15, and 16. age advance contributions. One of these op­ the agreement may provide for funds to be The article follows: tions is a pre-telethon telephone solicitation raised directly-through the sale of admission THE DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL CO!.llllTTEE Wn.L effort. Individuals who are contacted by tele­ tickets by the State Committee or by the SPONSOR A FUNDRAISING TELETHON phone will be requested to send contribu­ Democratic National Committee. Where either the State Committee or the Demo­ DEAR Co:r,n.a.SSIONERS: On July 26 and 27, tions to the national telethon post office box cratic National Committee has generated 1976, the Democratic National Committee number rather than to the State Commit­ will wlll sponsor a fund-raising telethon, na­ tee. Costs incurred in this connection by funds through ticket sales. there gen­ tionally televised over ABC network, for the State Committees will not be reimbursed by erally be a subsequent divlslon of the pro­ benefit of the Democratic Party. the Democratic National Committee. In lieu ceeds under the terms o! the agreement. The Democratic National Committee will The t.elethon effort has developed over the of, or in addition to, this program, Federal last several years into a. highly successful Election Campaign Aet Amendments of 1974, provide several full-time regional telethon means of raising revenues to meet the oper­ Section 591 (e) of that Title provides that the coordinators to work with State Committees ating costs of the Democratic National Com­ term "contribution" shall include the en­ 1n planning and implementing telethon pro­ dorsement of guarantee of a loan, to the ex­ grams. Ea.ch State Committee must assign mittee and of participating State Commit­ at least two individuals to work full-time tees, revenue which is generated for the most tent of the unpaid balance or a proportional part through small individual contributions. a.mount thereof, when such loan ls made on telethon activities for at lea.st a tbree­ "for the purpose of lnfl.uencing the nomina­ tnonth period. The Democratic National The arrangements for the production and Committee has also assigned se-veral mem­ financing of the telethon cont.empla.te a vari­ t ion for eleetlon, or election, of any person bers of its regular staff to work on telethon ety of entities, and require certain transfers to Federal office," or for certain other purposes. matters on a full-time or part-time basis. of funds, which are n<>t typical of the nor­ Telethon proceeds will be divided under mal operations of a. political committee. We We believe that the definition of a "con­ tribution" for purposes of Title 18, which ls a formula set out in the terms of agreement. therefore request your cooperation in estab­ Gross receipts which are directly attributable lishing guidelines for the reporting of the specifically limited to transactions entered into for the purpose of influencing the out­ to the telethon itself will first be applied to various financial transactions involved, and reimburse State Committees !or certain ex­ in responding to certain questions raised by come of a Federal election, does not apply to a loan guarantee made simply for the pur­ penses relating to the operation ot state tele­ the 1974 amendments to Title 18 of the phone centers, and !or certain other expendi­ United States Code. pose of facilitating production of the t.ele­ t hon. tures approved in advance by the Democratic TELETHON PRODUCTION If it becomes necessary for the Democratic National Committee. One-half ot telethon The actual production of the telethon National Committee to borrow money in con­ receipts remaining after appropriate reim­ show will be undertaken by the Democratic nection with the telethon, the proceeds will bursement will then be divided among the Telethon Production Committee (hereinafter be expended only for telethon purposes, and participating state committees, 1n propor­ •'Production Committee") , a not-for-profit the loan will be repaid out of telethon pro­ tion to the percentage which ea.ch state corporation organized under the laws of the ceeds. The loan proceeds will not inure to the contributed to telethon revenue. The Demo­ State of California. on May 28, 1975, solely for benefit of any candidate, and no part of the cratic National Committee will also transfer the purpose of assuming this function as an proceeds will be used in connection with any one-half ot the funI J. disaster deregulation would produce. Not freedom. Unfortunately, Solzhenitsyn's soul­ HUGHES, MEMBER OF CONGRESS, SECOND only in terms of astronomical increases in sea.ring thoughts on the deepening crisis in CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, STATE OF NEW consumer costs but in shi.fting even more raw the West have largely been ignored by our JERSEY, TO THE INTEBSTATE AND FOREIGN economic clout to a handful of oil companies news media. His words can be ignored only COMMERCE SUBCOMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT whose manner and method of doing business a.t our peril. AND INVESTIGATIONS, MONDAY, JULY 14, at home and abroad have produced scandal 1975 upon scandal. Mr. Chairman, Members of this distin- INDUSTRY CONCENTRATION guished Committee: The simultaneous fourth of July jump in NATURAL GAS CURTAILMENTS AND It's time we be candid. gasoline prices by fourteen major oil com­ ALTERNATIVES TO DEREGULA­ This Congress is in for a test or wills. panies and the disclosure of yet another TION: TESTIMONY OF THE HON­ Unless we make some hard choices be- industry-wide overcharge during the Arab oil ORABLE WilLIAM J. HUGHES tween now and this winter, there will be, by embargo are but two of the latest examples all accounts, a shortage of natural gas much of the lack of competition in the industry. more severe than last year. Projected short­ As a member of the House Judiciary Sub­ HON. ANDREW MAGUIRE ages could bring economic ruin to whole committee on Monopolies and Commercial OF NEW JERSEY communities. Law, I have called on Chairman Peter Rodino Nowhere will this shortage be more hard­ to open hearings in the immediate future into IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES felt than in the Second Congressional Dis­ not only these latest outrages, but to conduct Thursday, July 17, 1975 trict of New Jersey. Geographically, the sec­ a sweeping investigation of market manip­ ond district comprises nearly a third of the ulation and restraints on competition exer­ Mr. MAGUIRE. Mr. Speaker, on Mon­ land area of the State. It has the second cised by large vertically integrated oil com­ day, July 14, my distinguished colleague highest concentration of senior citizens any­ panies. from the State of New Jersey made an where in the country, many of whom Uve on This probe, like this subcommittee's inves­ excellent presentation before the Inter­ fixed incomes and consequently are most tigation of nonproducing reserves and reserve state and Foreign Commerce Subcom­ vulnerable to inflationary fluctuations in es­ estimates, is long overdue. It is a.lso essential mittee on Oversight and Investigations eential living costs. in developing the evidence and legislation we In three counties-Atlantic, Cumberland, may ultimately need to solve our long-term on alt.ernatives t.o the deregulation of and Salem-there are a dozen industries em­ energy goals. natural gas to assist in overcoming the ploying more than twenty one thousand Earlier this year, Mr. Chairman, my motion serious shortfalls projected for this win­ workers in glass, textiles and other proces­ was granted to intervene in an ongoing case ter and next. It is the most thoughtful sing plants which must have uninterrupt­ before the Federal Power Commission which and comprehensive statement on this ible supply of natural gas to stay 1n business. seeks to discover why some 6 ~~ trillion cubic critical issue that I have seen. TRANSCO-A SOLE SOURCE OF SUPPLY feet of natural gas which is known and dedi­ Mr. HUGHES, whose congressional dis­ cated to the interstate market is not being All these customers in South Jersey-res­ produced. trict is served solely by Transcontinental idential, commercial and industrial-are to­ One of the grilat mysteries of these pro­ Gas Pipeline Corp., has taken an tally dependent on supplies from a single ceedings is how Transco, the sole supplier of active role in the 6 months that he has interstate pipeline. natural gas oo my district, has happened to been in Congress in both congressional Transcontinental Gas Pipe Line Corpora­ become both the leading holder of nonpro­ and non.congressional proceedings seek­ tion. which historically has provided two­ ducing, proven reserves-some 2.23 trillion ing to increase supplies of natural gas. thirds of the natural gas used in New Jersey, cubic feet--while a leader among pipelines as It was a letter from Mr. HUGHES and has advised its customers that it will be un- well in projected curtailments this winter. able to fulflll 45 percent of its contract com­ Mr. Bowen, who would like to triple gas our colleague, the Honorable JAMES mitments this winter. In South Jersey, due costs to the users of South Jersey, appeared FLORIO, which directed the attention of to the requirements of industry, this trans­ on my motion as a policy witness to cite what the Interstate and Foreign Commerce lates into a curtailment projection of 53 steps he and his firm have taken to drive the Committee on Oversight and Investiga­ percent. wolves of winter from our door this year and tions t.o the postponement during the On Wednesday last, TRANSCO's Pl'esideut, next. EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 17, i975 After a few excursions around the m aypole, lines such as Transco a.re unwittingly assist­ the commission who neithe1· arrive nor de­ Mr. Bowen produced a letter. Indeed, it was ing in the concentrat ion of available new gas part wi-th industry ties. a communication of concern from t he pipe­ supplies to a handful of firms. 4. Conservation. Industry in all states, line to its producers encouraging accelerated I should like to refer the Members of this where feasible, must be required to cease production to meet the serious shortfall pro­ Committee to the test imony in October of using natural gas as boiler fuel and swi,tch jections through 1977. I would have been 1973 of John W. Wilson, then chief, Division to alternative sources such as oil and coal. grateful for just this one sh1·ed of evidence of Economic Studies, Federal Power Commis­ This most definit ely also includes producer of concern had it not been for one addit ional sion, to the Senate Judiciary Subcommittees states. fact, Mr. Chairman, the ink was st ill wet. on ...4..nt itrust and Monopoly and Administra­ 5. Lease revocat ion . The Interior Depart­ Transcontinental Gas Pipe Line Corpora­ t ive Practices and Procedm·es. ment in it s ent ire 20 year hist ory of leas­ t ion, our economic lifeline to the Gulf of T·he law of supply and demand is not at ing federal lands offshore has yet to cancel Mexico, had waited u ntil l\fay of 1975, to work in the oil and gas industry, Wilson a cancel lease for the failure of an oil com­ express its interest in accelerated production. testified, and is not likely to come into play p any t o develop the tract during the five One letter, one official communication- well considering t he ever increasing concentra­ year contract period. We have reached the after not only the FPC inquiry \Vas und erway, t ion of available new gas supplies by the point now where 777 or 52 percent of the but the investigation of this uhcommittee as giants of the indust ry. 1.,497 leases in the Gulf of Mexico are in non­ well. Eight major firms cont rol 70 percent of p rodu cing status. Th e number of producible PIPELINES AS Pr.ODU CF.RS t he a ailable known new supplies of natural shut -in leases in primary terms is 104; the "Arms-length" negotiations between pro­ gas onshore and offshore South Louisiana, number in extended term 74. This lat ter ducers and pipeline, on ce the rule, is n ow the four of which hold nearly 50 percent; the figure includes 11 oil leases; 58 gas leases; exception. Increa-singly, p ipellnes are invest­ eigh t largest firms in the Texas Gulf Coast a.nd five oil and gas leases which the industrv ing large sums with producers in the sear ch control 90 percent of available new gas not itself classifies as producible. The time has for gas and oil. In t h e last few years, the yet under cont ract t here, the four largest come for a vigorous, onsight spot check of major interstate pipelines have obtained just u nder 80 percent. the re.asons given by the operating company working interest in nearly 50 percent of fed­ I n t he combin~d fields, eight majors con­ for failure to develop these leases and, where erally leased offshore oil and ga -:; :-ales t h rou;h trol t hree-quarters of the new gas finds appropriat e, au order of cancellation for acquisition expendit ures of well over ·1 bil­ wit h the concent ration rat io around 50 per­ resale. The FPC proceedings which get un­ lion. Major oil companies, on the other hand, cen t for the four major firms. derway a.gain this week into the status of are selling and driving up the price of intra­ · Offshort in each of these areas in the nonproducing reserves in the Gulf of MeXico state gas through wholly owned pipeline sub­ federal domain, the Interior Department is as incredible as it is fascinating. Whole sidiaries. t hrough its continuing practice of accepting gas fields mysteriously disappear. Billions of When pipelines become producers im d front-end bonus bids for new leases, is con­ cubic feet of n atural gas show up on pipe­ producers become pipelines, you can bet t?at tributing to this industry concentration. line ledgers only to vanish again from pro­ prices are going up at the end of t he llne. Eight majors control t hree quarters of the ducer estimates. Reasons given for non­ This was not the intent of Congress in p ass­ market not yet under cont ract off Louisiana product ion range from the all-encompassing ing the Natural Gas Ac t. and virtually an the uncommitted gas sup­ "not economical to produce" (at what price, Transco, like many pipelines, is staking its plies off Texas. one wonders ) to my favorite explanation: f u t m·e in joint ventures with majnr oil com­ Mr. Wilson, who is now a. private energy "tool in well." panies. Offshore in t he Federal dom ain, this consultant, advises me that these ratios are 6. Utility pm·chases. In the event that in­ began in December of 1972 when the firm being enhanced with every new Interior De­ trast ate prices are not regulated in time for invested more than 57 million for a 19 to 25 part ment sale. t h is win ter, then t he proposed FPC rule percent interest in properties held with Shell ALTERNATIVES T CAPITULATION permitting u t ility companies to purchase Oil. This year, Transco gained a qu art er in­ M r. Chairman, the choice is simply not as intrastate gas at prevailing rates should be terest in a lease with Atlantic-Richfield simplistic as the Administration would have permitted on a temporary basis. This form which cost the partrers $1,125.000 as well as u s believe. Given the structure of the oil and of defacto deregulat ion is personally dis ~ a 4 percent interest in a $4 million lease wit h gas industry, deregulation will simply triple tasteful but is certainly a better choice t han Shell and a number of other joint investors. ·the costs of natural gas and inhibit this Con­ no gas at all. Furthermore, this Snbco :mittee should gress · from developing a. long-term energy For the long term: k now that Transco h as begun to advance strategy in the best interest of all consumers. 1. Oversight. Congressional Committee§; millions of dollars t o Texaco w that t hat firm Let us speak now of alt ernatives to capit­ and regulatory agencies must keep the pres­ might bid on new acreage iI exchange for u lat ion. sm·e and spotlight on the practices of the oil the right of the pipelin e to acquire an y gas There are short an d long term steps to and gas industry. Last winter, a public out­ .that is discovered. What is wrong with these take. cry over producer curtailments to Transco arrangements is not t he legitimate and obli­ 1. Intrastate Regulation. First and fore­ resulted in an oversight investigation of gatory pursuit of new gas sou rces on the part most, we must bring the intrastate market Transco's producers and the ultimate "dis­ of t he pipeline, but the wedding of pipeline under 1·egulation. The intrastate price bears covery" of an ex·tra 3 billion cubic feet of to producer interests. The produ cers want de­ no relation to normal supply and demand nat ural gas. A study of the extent of concen­ regulation. These joint ventm·es and com­ patterns but, rather, the extortionary four­ t ration in the oll and gas industry and its munity of interests perhaps help explain fold oil increases dictated by the Organiza­ effect on competition is long overdue. There why pipelines like Tra.nscontinental have not tion of Petroleum Exporting Countries is much sentiment in the House Subcommit­ raised a hue and cry over the failu re of pro­ (OPEC) and the btu natural gas equivalent. tee on Monopolies and Commercial Law for ducers to accelerate pr odu ction from proven, Regulating the intrastate market on a. cost such a probe. k n own reserves. plus reasonable rate of return on investment 2. OCS policies. Although revision of off­ THE CITIES SERVICE SHUT- DOWN ba is is a reasonable alternative to remov­ shore oil and leasing policies must be under­ ing all controls from this precious public re­ taken to break the dominant hold a handful This Subcommittee investigated t horough­ of oil companies have on new gas and oil ly the shut-in of six Cities services wells source. Such regulation will also put an end to t he everyday practice in the industry of supplies. This has developed, in large meas­ in t he winter of 1973- 74 which subt racted ure, due to the cash bonus bid leasing poli­ two billion cubic feet of nat ural gas from the major oil companies of making paper transactions through their vertically inte­ cies of the Interior Department which has Transco's pipeline at the worst possible time. grated market and then running to the Fed­ effectively excluded smaller independent op­ Correspondence introduced at t hese Sub­ eral Power Commission seeking an increase erators from obtaining leases or being rele­ committee hearings show that Cities Services b ased on "unrealistic" interstate pricing. To gated to the status of holding a nonoperat­ after informing Transco in early 1973 that a suggest this to an agency whose chairman ing share in a lease. As a member of the ad work over was necessary at the r ig, was ad­ and commission members publicly advocate hoc Select Committee on the Outer Cont i­ vised by way of reply t hat it really didn't deregulation might seem doomed to failure nent.al. Shelf, I intend to play an active role make any difference to the pipelin e as to from the start, however, I will attempt to in suggesting legislative changes in past OCS whether the work was performed in t he sum­ suggest a remedy for that in my thh·d recom­ lea.sing policies. mer or in the winter. It may have made little men dation. 3. FPC study. An in dept h st udy of the difference to Transco, wh ich is guaranteed a. 2. Allocation. Once under regulation, in­ Federal Power Commission's regula.tory prac­ rate of return whether on e billion or one mil­ t rastate natural gas must be allocated fairly tices to make it more 1·esponsive to today's lion cubic feet travel t hrough its pipeline, t hroughout the country through a system needs is certainly in order. Since 1969 the but in South Jersey, the absen ce of gas then t hat would share interconnecting pipelines. FPC has attempted to deregulate natural as now means an absence of jobs. 3. FPC appointments. Three vacancies cur­ gas prices a.dmlnistra.tively to the satisfac· This kind of insensitivity to the needs of rent ly exist at the FPO, including that of the tion of no one. In the process, the agency its in-users underscores the necessity of re­ Chairman who is continuing to serve until has totally frustrated the intent of Congress quiring producers and pipelines to share a replacement is appointed. We therefore in paasing the Natural Gas Act. separate quarters. h ave the unexpected pleasurable opportunity 4. Alternative soui·ces. Finally, and most to select men and women who will not bring importantly, we must conserve in the short NEW GAS--JN FEW HANDS t he industry bias t ha.t too many commis­ term and move a.way in the long term from. In assisting major on companies t o outbid sions have brought to service there In recent dependence on natural gas and oil to meet sm aller firms for new offshore oil leases, pipe- years. We need tough, public advocat es on our fu t ure energy needs. Solar energy, coal :Jiily 1 r, 19 5 ~XTENSIONS OFtJ.tEM.t\RKS (2i4-91 gasification, geothermal energy, nuclear en· American citizens who are in ·prison, not for But I can think of a reunion he would ergy and even the more exotic forms such as any crime, but because they did the duty be even happier to attend. The reunion I ocean therm.al and tidal action can provide the American government assigned to them. speak of will be the one with his beautiful the inexhaustible energy supplies we will When tho Peace Accord was signed in Paris wife, small daughter . . . and the son he need in the future. on January 31, 1973 it contained a. clause has never seen. The reunion with his parents IN SUMMARY which read, "The parties shall help each whose strength and optimism is an inspira­ other to get information a.bout those mili­ tion to us all. And the reunion with his So you see, Mr. Chairman, the choice is tary personnel and foreign civilians of the brothers and sisters and With us. We're going not merely to deregulate or not to deregulate. parties missing in action, to determine the to have the biggest "Welcome Home Harley" This, I trust, is a particularly hopeful note location and take care of the graves of the party this town has ever seen-and we surely to we consumers, which the Library of Con­ dead so as to facilitate the exhumation and hope you'll be able to attend. gress estimates will foot the $5.4 billion first repatriation of the remains, and to take We know of people who can verify that year a.nd ultimate $18 blllion annual bill any such other measures as may be required there are American men being held captive that would follow deregulation of natural to get information about those still consid­ in Indochina. We want them home where gas. ered missing in action." they belong. We want your help. We need What that would do to unemployment, our The Communist countl'ies have not begun your help. We also want you to know that balance of payments deficit, our ongoing to live up to the agreement they signed. we will leave no stone unturned, no possi­ fight against infia.tlon, and the economic re­ They have, in fact., attacked and killed many bility unexplored, and that no sacrifice is too covery of this nation, I shudder to contem­ of the groups who were searching for traces great to bring them home. We, and thousands plate. of our missing men. The assaults on these of concerned, determined people just like peaceful-and legal-searches became so in­ us will never abandon our loved ones. Our tense that our government was forced to resolve is absolute and will not be shaken A LETTER ON U.S. POW'S AND MIA'S call them off---or lose still more American by red tape, bureaucratic apathy, political lives. gamesmanship or any other obstacle. We have The government based in Hanoi said it faith that we will succeed and can only HON. MIKE McCORMACK would give us an accounting of our men pray that our captive men will be able to bear OF WASHINGTON when the American military presence was the hardships lnfiicted upon them until the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES taken from South Viet Nam-and did not. happy day comes when they a.re reunited The government based in Hanoi said it with their families. Thank you. Thursday, July 17, 1975 would give us an accounting when the Thieu Sincerely, l\fr. l\fcC()~CK:. l\fr.Speaker, each regime was no longer in power in the South­ Mrs. MARLA A. SHIRTS, and has not. Presi d ent, Southwest Washington Member of the House of r..epresentatives Congressman McCormack, we have been MIA/ POW Organization. is painfully aware that we have as yet treated With contempt, lied to and put off been unsuccessful in accounting for all by these Communist countries who won't of our POW's and MIA's. Each one of us, even live up to their own treaties and we're too, knows from personal experience that sick of it! We are disgusted with that "hu­ friends and relatives of our constituents ma.nita.rla.n" government who won't even THE NEED FOR NATIONAL INDUS­ remain in a state of anxious suffering in let its representatives speak to the Ameri­ TRIAL GROWTH AND DEVELOP- can wives, sisters, and mothers who have 1\1:ENT hopes that our Government will proceed traveled thousands of miles to attempt to to do everything within its power to communicate and to try to find out what finally determine the status of each of has happened to their men. HON. JOHN P. HAMMERSCHMIDT these men. Our own government has told us t-0 be We have all received poignant letters, patient, be patient, ••• be patient until OF ARKANSAS and I would like to take this opportunity sometimes we feel like all we get is a record­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to share one of these letterb with my col­ ing when we contact Washington. The United Thursday, July 17, 1975 leagues. I respectfully insert the letter States government, who holds the lives and fate of these men in Its grasp appears to be l\fr. HAMMERSCHMIDT. Mr. Speak­ I received from Mrs. Marla Shirts, presi­ unwilllng to demand an immediate account­ MIA/ er, it was my pleasure to have recently dent of the southwest Washington ing-in spite of the fact it has every legal been invited to attend the meeting of POW Organization of Vancouver, Wash., right to do just that. in the CONGRESSIONAL RE.CORD at this Why is it that bills that are introduced the Arkansas Basin Association, at which point: to Congress that would help find our men a number of timely and well-received JUNE 14, 1975. have such a rough go of it? Everybody seems addresses were made. The principal pur­ CONGRESSMAN McCORMACK: We appreciate to agree upon the value of such legislation, pose for the creation of the Commission the opportunity to meet with you this morn­ but after 2~ yea.rs nothing has been done! is to "foster, develop and protect the ing. We realize that your schedule is a busy Why there is so much Congressional a.pa.thy growth of navigation in the five major one and that there a.re literally scores of we don't know. Hopefully you will be able rivers of Arkansas." groups who want to talk to you throughout to explain it to us. But, those associated with and inter­ your district. Now we understand, the North Viets a.re ested in the work of the Commission are We will try to be brief and objective even demanding we rebuild their war torn coun­ also highly civic-minded and are active though this subject is a. highly emotional try-and then they Will be good enough one-since it is literally a life or death to live up to the documents they signed contributions to the community and to issue. 2 Y2 years ago and reveal the fate of the the Nation. Theil· interests actually ex­ Before a. year or so ago most of us didn't hundreds of American men who have dis­ tend into areas and problems affecting k;now ea.ch other. We are here today, as a appeared. the entire spectrum of American life. unit, because we are all vitally concerned This is not acceptable to us and we are l\fr. Bill K:ennedy, who heads the about the fate of the hundreds of American fed up With our men being used as pawns Arkansas Basin Commission, made an men (both military personnel and civilians) 1n their political games! There are over 50 men from the State of Washington who are excellent address at the recent meeting, who are missing and unaccounted for in which is highly relevant at this time in Indochina. We have every reason to believe either Missing in Action or Prisoners of that the majority of these men are allve and War---officia.lly. We look at Hanoi's record of our Nation's history, as we attempt to being held prisoner in a hostile country---or broken promises and say, "send our men grapple with such problems as energy, in­ countries. home first and then we Will talk about flation, and others. These men are not anarchists, expa.triots reconstruction." I, therefore, hasten to commend Mr. or subversives who have no love for their One of those men is from our home town Kennedy's remarks to the attention of homeland. They are American husbands, of Vancouver. His name is commander Harley my congressional colleagues, for they fathers, brothers, uncles .•. and sons. They Hall. He ls (not was) a Navy pilot and once offer great insight into these issues. Not a.re family men who served well and ably 1n flew lead With the spectacular Blue Angels a confilct wrought With confusion, contradic­ exhibition team. His parents are here today. only as a banker, but as one who holds tion, and unpopularity. Men who are this He was shot down 10 hours before the Cease a deep and abiding concern for the com­ day, right now, in captivity half-way around Fire was signed. He was seen alive and mov­ munity and the Nation, Mr. Kennedy the world because they honored their com­ ing out on the ground. Just what happened should be recognized for his clear and mitment to the government that sent them to this downed a.nd very much alive jet pilot cogent statements on the vital role that half-way a.round the world. is a mystery. We want it solved-and we industrial growth and development play We. who were strangers and now a.re friends hope you will use your influence to help us. because of our mutual dedication, are here Harley Hall graduated from Evergreen High in contributing to our national well­ to ask some qustions of our government. A school in 1955. This year his classmates are being. government which seems to be doing next to celebrating their 2oth year class reunion­ The text of .Mr. Kennedy's comments nothing to secure the release of these 1300 Without him. appears below: · 23492 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July t7, 1975 .ARKANSAS BASIN AssOCIATION TALK ON' industrial Jobs would be created. New doc­ As you know, this Admlntstratton, as have INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT tors-lawyers-merchants, etc.-more tax Administrations before it, is advocating a Good morning, ladles and gentlemen. I money to help with new streets and so on. fuel tax for vehicles traveling on the water­ consider it a real privilege to appear on the In this context its interesting to note that ways. Only recently have we seen an at­ program this morning particularly in such from 1970-1974 bank deposits in the counties tempt to place a ton mile tax on river distinguished company. along the river in Arkansas increased from traffic which would have been totally pro­ Let me visit with you first of all a.bout $1,180,000,000 to $2,088,000,000 or 175%. other hibitive. Paul Adams, Executive Director of the Arkansas Waterways Commission. In the things were involved of course-inflation for the Ai·kansas Waterways Commission, fig­ simplest of terms, this Commission was sure-but you can bet river development ured that it would increase the cost of an 8 created about eight to ten years ago with had a tremendous impact in bringing on this barge tow from the mouth of the 1·iver to one principal purpose in mind. That purpose growth. In Pine Bluff alone, there are over Pine Bluff by over $31,000. Anyone can soo as you may know is to foster, develop and sixteen industries opera.ting in our port area that that just won't work. I understand now protect the growth of navigation on the five employing 500 persons with an annual pay­ that that idea has been shelved for the major rivers of our state-the Arkansas, roll of over $4 million. Tonnage moved present and the new idea is to place a 4 cent Mississippi, White, Ouachita. and Red. The through the Pine Bluff port totaled 300,000 per gallon user tax on fuel used. I don't know Commission has no regulatory powers nor tons in 1970. Tonnage moved increased to exactly what this would do to costs-I'm does it desire any. It does have seven of the 896,000 tons by the end of 1974. sure there are people here who can tell us. most dedicated river development men you Now let's move on to the future. Where What I do know is that any increase in the could find anywhere to oversee the activities are we going from here in the development cost of barge transportation on a newly taking place on our navigable waters. All of us of industry in the Arkansas River Valley. developing river is bad. We need all the time on the Commissio11 at present are long time Well first of all, I'm an optimist. I think we can get under the most favorable of cir­ supporters of river development-believing we're going to continue to grow as our coun­ cumstances to develop this stream economi­ that with the development of a stream comes t ry grows and as the industry in our country cally and in so doing build the tax base a flow of good things, all of which add t-0 the looks for ways and means of expanding to which will make the government's invest­ prosperity of our people protection against supply the needs of their customers. ment worth while. Historically, transporta­ floods, power development, potable water, But there are some things that I'm con­ tion cost is roughly 20% of the cost of a and last but certainly not least-navigation. cerned about-that we have to watch care­ product and anything you do to run this cost It is the latter which brings us to "the fully-and take the action needed if our up or to hold it down will materially affect subject of industrial development. Arkansas, growth is to continue. the size of the market being served. It is at least Arkansans of my vintage, don't need Before I get into that, though, let me say therefore extremely necessary that we ask to be told about the need for industrial something that I think is deeply important. our congressional delegation to resist this growth. We have always been a have not That is I'm not-we're not-interested in type of charge to the maximum. state economically primarily because we were growth simply for growth's sake. We--you­ The other legal area which concerns me an agricultural state which traditionally has me-all of us are interested in growth be­ has to do with the very touchy matter of not processed its raw materials at home and cause from it comes jobs for people-taxes environmental controls. To begin with, let thus realized the full benefit of them. me say that I know of no one who dis­ with which to build schools, streets, etc., agrees with the idea of protecting our en­ Starting-a long time ago for that mat­ donations for churches, United Fund and ter-but more recently after World War II, vironment for posterity. The disagreement other community requirements. In short, eco­ comes when we begin to talk about the the state's leadership recognized the need nomic growth feeds all the other things we for industrial growth in order to attempt to degree of environmental control and its are able to do in this country. It provides impact on matters of economic importance. bring our standard of living up to a level profit for further development-it pays the commensurate with that of other states in Let me mention briefly an area of dlrect taxes to run the government-to support concern. In 1899 the Rivers and Harbors the nation. the poor and indigent-to protect the en­ At about the same time, certain men of Act was passed. Section 10 of that law re­ vironment. quires that a permit be obtained for any vision-great vision-realized the need to Let's talk about these problems. Foremost harness and control the Arkansas River work in or over the navigable waters with at the moment is the state of our economy such work inclucUng structm·es such as which over the years had done immeasur­ with all the normal peculia.rities inherent able damage to our land and our people and docks, ramps, mooring and utility crossings in such a problem plus those brought about as well as dredging. instead to put it to work to help instead of by the fuel crisis and what it will do to us. to hinder. In recent years numerous laws relating to As of the moment, the experts tell us that wild life and environment have been en­ Thus, in a few words, was begun, with the the economy under the stimulus of normal cooperation of the Co1·ps of Engineers, the acted. All of them have or can have an supply and demand and of the actions of impact on gl'Owth on the river. I have ~ multiple pm·pose plan to develop the Arkan­ t he Federal Reserve System is beginning to sas River. As in each such project cost figures my hand a copy of a public notice issued by work its way slowly back to normal. Per­ the Tulsa. District Corp of Engineers on were reached and using the formula then in haps-just perhaps-what it needs right now existence a determination was made as to its 14 May, 1975, relative to maintenance dredg­ is a darn good letting alone. Our congres­ ing planned by that organization. In this ability to pay the people in the U. S. a fair sional people need all the advice they can return on the $1,200,000,000 to be invested. Public Notice is the following statement and get on this subject and particularly, I think, I quote "This proposed dredging will be re­ Studies made showed that the project need to hear from the business community. would pay for itself over a. 100 year period viewed under the following laws:" (See at­ Also of importance to the future indus­ tached) with navigation carrying in excess of 60% of trial development of the Arkansas River and the cost. Thus there was a practical mar­ I don't know how it ls done elsewhere, but its valley is the retainage of land for in­ when the Little Rock District Corps of En­ riage between those river developers who are dustrial use. Several studies have been pushing for the completion of this dream gineers receives an application form permit made of sites along the river from its mouth on the river be it for a $100,000,000 chemi­ of a prosperous, happy, thriving river valley, to Fort Smith-sites to be used by heavy cal plant or for a duck blind, it issues a Pub­ and those people who foresaw the need for industry-that is industry which requires lic Notice requesting comments which ts industrial development to build the state's natural gas or coal-water transportation, mailed to over 360 different orgaizations and economy. rail transportation, electricity, and people. agencies. I'd stake my life that in that many The results to date, that is. from 1969 to As you would surmise, these sites are rela­ different groups somebody's always going to the present, have been little short of spec­ tively few and the communities along the have a reason to protest. tacular. Public ports are in eXistence in river should educate themselves to the Where industry is concerned, this is a most Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Little Rock, Dar­ location of these sites and ascertain what serious question because, it seems to me, we danelle and at Fort Smith. In addition, there steps if any can be ta.ken to protect their have given these people what almost are a. number of private terminals for use by use for this purpose in the futm·e. Those amounts to veto power over any project. communities not having dev~loped ports individual firms. This comes about in the following manner. should look into the possibility of building It takes a lot of planning and organization Since 1969, investments in new and ex­ a port to service the numerous smaller in­ panded industries in the Arkansas River dustry in and adjacent to the valley. Lum­ to build a plant. It takes a lot of money too. Valley which are directly or indirectly ori­ Maybe even more important it takes courage ber, fertilizer, grain, steel, coal, and many, on the part of the owners of a business to ented to water transportation amount to many other products will one day be moving about 1.6 blllion dollars. Some 10-12 thou­ put their bard earned money in a new proj­ in and out of Arkansas ports if they are not ect which, we must remember, may or ma-y sand new jobs have been created. I might already doing so. not work. And then too the timing must be add that this does not include investments Let's move on, however, to our other areas right-our economy as we all know-better of many millions of dollars in new bank of concern because I believe they are c1·ucia.l right now than ever-is subject to ups and buildings, housing projects along the river to continue economic growth in the valley. downs and plan expansions are based on an and other such investments which no doubt I wouid like to refer a.t this point to two up economy. were influenced by the economic growth la.ws either already on the books or which When your plans are delayed by protests, potential brought about by the River Pro­ a.re being requested by the Administration by hearings, and frequently by court action, gram. All of you know the economic bene­ which I think could do irreparable damage the economy has time to change-costs go fits of a. manufacturing job-that is that for to the future industrial growth on this up, as witness the Alaskan Pipeline-and 100 new industrial Job8 created 65 new non- stream. all too frequently the courage and the will JuziJ 17, 191r{ EXTE SIONS -OF REMARKS! 23493 to move ahead is gone. The result needless It is death for creativeness. Those who take camera, and only afterwards might a sane to say can be a real slow down in the poten­ a.minazine cannot even read after taking it. man find he has been judged insane and tial for growth. committed for special "treatment" which can The environmental laws and the regula­ Mr. Chernishov concluded his appeal last indefinitely. tions which flow from them a.re on the books by declaring that, In 1961 a. new set of regulations was ap­ today because our people wanted them put Although I am afraid of death, let them proved in the Soviet Union; these dealt with there. There is a very real concern in our shoot me rather than this. How loathsome, the emergency hospital treatment of men­ society about the long term potential for how sickening is the very thought that they tally ill people who are a public danger. The pollution in our air, our land, and our water. will defile and crush my soul. regulations included many dangerously am­ I share that concern as all of you do. biguous · clauses, for example: "Hypochon­ However, it is my strong, strong feeling Discussing the Soviet abuse of psychia­ driac delusional condition, causing an irreg­ that this concern must be tempered with the try, Valerie Kaye, writing in the London ular, aggressive attitude in the patient to­ realization that our life must still go on Times, points out that: wards individuals, organizations or institu­ and that while environmental laws are good In most countries of the world doctors put tions." So it would seem that someone who and necessary they should not be a.bused and the interests of their patients above the state, criticized an institution could find this being thus used to satisfy the personal interests, preserve confidentiality and generally work used to prove him mentally unbalanced. altrustic or otherwise, of the people support­ independently of government bodies. How­ The symptoms of scientist Zhores Medve­ ing them. ever, since all institutions are subservient to dey's "illness" were described as "split per­ Negative action has never built this coun­ the totalitarian nature of the Soviet Union, sonality, expressed in the need to combine try. It is the planners, dreamers and build­ medicine, especially psychiatric medicine, scientific work in the field with publicist ac­ ers who have made our free enterprise sys­ has become more and more available as a tivities, an overestimation of his own per­ tem and therefore our society the greatest political weapon. The psychiatric record of sonality, poor adaptation to the social envi­ the world has ever known. Let's not shackle a person can be examined at will by govern­ ronment and so on. Gennady Shimanov, a the builders with so many restraints that ment officials and various institutions and Christian, was told in 1969: "Everything that the will to push ahead is taken from them. can prevent someone successfully applying you just told us confirms us in the view that We here in Arkansas with a per capita for a new job, a holiday abroad and so on. illness lies at the root of your 'conversion' income 75%· of the nation's average, With It is small wonder, therefore, that the mental (1,l,~hl'istianity) ". Roy Medvedev (historian 10% unemployment, and with over $100,000,- hospital in the Soviet Union is "feared for 3-"''1 brother of Zhores Medvedev) found in 000 in Food Stamps being distributed annu­ the power it wields, persecuting individuals st-vetal psychiatric "special expert diagnoses" ally simply haven't reached the stage in our who are obviously sane but a nuisance to such symptoms of "psychiatric illness" as economic life where we can afford to turn the state. ''considers the entry of Soviet troops into away the creators of industrial wealth. Czechoslovakia to have been aggression" and It seems to me, therefore, that those of It is essential that Americans under­ "an obsessive mania for truth-seeking". us here who have been and are the develop­ stand the real nature of the Soviet Union Marina Voikhanskaya is the first psychia­ ers of this mighty stream and the land and its leaders. Wishful thinking, trist to leave the Soviet Union and talk through which it moves must speak out to whether called "peaceful coexistence" or openly in the West a.bout her experiences in reattain the balance in our society which "detente" or by some other name, will Soviet mental hospitals. She says: "I first will assure those who wish to bring industry heard of dissidents being treated in mental to us that they can do so with relative free­ not alter the harsh reality. hospitals on the BBC World Service and then dom. Thank you. I wish to share with my colleagues the I read about it in samizdat but I could not article, "The Soviet Union's Hospitals of believe it for a moment and dismissed it as Fear," by Valerie Kaye, as it appeared in hostile, anti-Soviet propaganda." Later she the London Times of June 27, 1975, and came across several people who started to insert it into the RECORD at this time: make her rethink her views about the harm­ THE SOVIET UNION'S HOSPITALS OF THE SOVIET UNION'S HOSPITALS OF FEAR less nature of psychiatry in her country. In FEAR 1970 a woman patient was referred to her (By Valerie Kaye) hospital. She was Mrs. Kondakova., a lawyer, In most countries of the world doctors put who had been married to the director of sev­ the interests of their patients above the state, eral factories in Leningrad, besides being of HON. PHILIP M. CRANE preserve confidentiality and generally work high standing in the local Party. Mrs. Konda­ OF ll,LlNOIS independently of government bodies. How­ kova was accustomed to criticizing local legal IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ever, since all institutions are subservient to corruption and did this freely whilst her hus­ the totalitarian nature of the Soviet Union, band was still alive, since his position Thursday, July 17, 1975 medicine, especially psychiatric medicine, has shielded her. One day, after his death, she Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, while the become more and more available as a political went to the post office where she sent a long United States engages in a detente policy weapon. The psychiatric record of a person telegram to Brezhnev about this corruption. with the Soviet Union, complete with can be examined at will by government offi­ Hardly had she left the post office after mail­ cials and various institutions and can pre­ ing the telegram, when she was picked up joint space ventures and increased trade, vent someone successfully applying for a new and sent to Psychiatric Hospital No. 3, where it is essential that we not forget the real job, a holiday abroad, and so on. It is small Marina Voikhanskaya helped to get her dis­ nature of the government of that wonder, therefore, that the mental hospital charged. country. in the Soviet Union is feared for the power Then Mariana Voiyha.nskaya became ac­ The Soviet Union, much like Nazi Ger­ it wields, persecuting individuals who are quainted with Yuri Ivanov when he was many, uses medicine as a weapon against obviously sane but a. nuisance to the state. transferred to her hospital. "He was a paint­ those within its society who dare to think In the Soviet Union there are two kinds o! er," said Marina, "who had been imprisoned mental hospital; The special (prison) mental since 1955 because he had been discovered for themselves and express dissident hospital of which there a.re about 12, run on smuggling his pictures abroad, so he was ac­ views. military lines, and the ordinary mental hos­ cused of spreading bourgeois art. After spend­ Many in the West, in the name of pital. In the special mental hospital, the ing 15 years in a concentration camp, he was "peaceful coexistence," would like to for­ criminally insane are interned along with placed in hospital No. 3, in a special depart­ get the reality of Soviet society. Part of those dissidents considered extremely dan­ ment for very disturbed patients. Belayev, that reality was discussed in the appeal gerous by the state. the head psychiatrist in Leningrad had him of Vassily I. Chernishov which was The advantages of committing a political put there without even examining him, and dissident to a psychiatric hospital are ma.n­ had him diagnosed as schizophrenic," Marina smuggled out of confinement. ifold. The publicity from a political case in Voikhanskaya was not even allowed to see Discussing the manner in which politi­ open court can cause the state much emba-r­ Ivanov's case history, and was cautioned not cal dissidents are incarcerated in psy­ ra.ssment which it can eschew if the sanity to become involved; later Dr. Tobok, the head chiatric hospitals, Chernishov stated of the accused is questioned by a psychiatric of her department, forbade her to visit that: report; if the accused is declared unfit to Ivanov. After he had spent one year and ten I myself have seen protesting political pris­ stand trial-and he is not legally entitled to months in mental hospitals, Ivanov was oners in mental hospitals who refuse to take be informed that he has been psychiatrically given a certificate saying that this period had food or "medicine" tied up, given injections examined or what the results of the tests been used for medical investigation. Diag­ of sulfur, after which a person is motionless are-then most of the fundamental human nosis: Sa-ne. and I have seen them forcibly fed and given rights he would have enjoyed in ordinary According to Marina Voikhanska.ya., other "treatment." A certain V. Borisov has been criminal proceedings a.re waived. He may not psychiatrists in Soviet mental hospitals protesting for two years; he is "treated" with be informed when his hearing is to take either do not realize they are treating sane aminazine, as a result of which a person loses place, so may be unable to defend himself men or are too frightened or too indifferent his individuality, his mind is dulled, his emo­ when the court is ruling on his mental fit­ to object. Dr. Semyon Glyzma.n from Kiev. tions destroyed, his memory lost. But the ness. It is not even incumbent on the au­ the only other Soviet psychiatrist to protest most terrible thing is that ... all the subtle thorities to inform him of any new charges against using .drugs on the sane, was sen­ distinctiveness of a. person is wiped away. against him. These he~ings are often held in tenced to a long term of imprisonment in a 23494 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 17, 1975 labour camp, where he 1s interned today. But this is too serious a matter for outset of the Senate Finance Committee Marina Voikhanskaya was intimidated and I hearing Monday. transferred to a geriatric unit when she was partisanship. And so suggest, in Bart­ lett's words, that if the Democrats "see The Democrats ought, at this late date, involved in the case of Victor Fainberg. She to be saying they will "damn well" get some­ met Fainberg in Leningrad during h1s brief no alternative to Ford's program. they period of freedom between Leningrad Special should summon the boldness and large­ thing done. And 1f they eee no alternative Pl'ison Hospital and Psychiatric Hospital No. to Ford's program, they should summon the ness of spirit to go along with him." boldness and largeness of spirit to go along 3. He threatened to commit suicide rather The article follows: With him. than submit to drug treatment, and only QUIT CRYING WOLF ON OIL Marina Voikhanskaya's intervention saved his life. Fainberg was later released as a re­ (By Charles Bartlett) sult of pressure on the authorities by West­ The wolf cries of the Democrats are mak­ ern public opinion, including Amnesty In­ ing it hard to get an objective look at the THE NATIONAL URBAN COALITION ternational, who were alerted by Academi­ President's proposal to decontrol the price cian Sakharov and others. From the West, he of oil from established fields. started a publicity campaign which resulted The shrlllness of these outcries is perhaps in a one-way visa for Marina Voikhanskaya; calculated to obscure the wispy nature of the HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL he wrote her letters from Israel which were Democrats' response to the energy crisis. OF NEW YORK specifically aimed at the KGB whom, he They want now to extend the present con­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES knew, would read the letters. "I will create trols for another six months, a new exercise such a stink in the world press until Marina in procrastination that will embolden the Thursday, July 17. 1975 is released", he told me, "that the campaign OPEC cartel in its autumn price revisions. Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, the Na­ for the Panovs will seem like a tea-party in More delay will be the certain mark of a tional Urban Coalition, a dynamic force comparison". Now he 1s married to Marina nation incapable of girding its loins. Voikha.nsaya and they are agitating, in Eng­ Nobody wants decontrol except the oil for change in our cities, continues to ad­ land, for Soviet authorities to allow Marina's companies, Sen. Edward Kennedy, D-Mass., vance the interests of low-income citi­ nine-year-old son, Misha, to leave the coun­ is saying; and the notion that the consumer zens, whose rights and needs have con­ try. is being delivered into the hands of an oil sistently been slighted during the current Victor Falnberg ls one of the very few conspiracy may be salable to simple people. economic crisis. The National Urban lucky onea-he ls free and has retained his But it flatly ignores the administration's offer Coalition's commitment and energy helps sanity. But what of Semyon Gluzman? And to join the Senate in writing a windfall to compensate for the limited funds now Vladlmlr Bukovsky, who collected informa­ profits tax that will frustrate corporate im­ tion on the abuse of psychiatry and made it avarice. available to those who care about available to Western Journalists? He collab­ The wolf cries also ignore Congress' oppor­ proving the conditions in America's orated on a remarkable document with tunity to redistribute some income. Under cities. I therefore call to the attention of Gluzma.n, a Manual of Psych,iatry for Polit­ the Ford proposal, revenues from the wind­ my colleagues an article from mack En­ ical Dissidents (published by Amnesty Inter­ fall profits tax, the excise tax on domestic terprise describing the current activities national in London); recently smuggled to oil, and the import fee on foreign oil will and achievements of the NUC: the West, it contains advice !or those who be recycled to the public. Ford is ready to THE NATIONAL URBAN COALITION find themselves faced with forced psychiatric reimburse families with incomes under detention. Now Bukovsky himself is seriously $13,000 more than they w111 lose from energy (By Karen De Witt) ill in Vladimir prison. price rises. They would be drawing rebates Three years ago, Martineztown, the Al­ In November, 1973, the Royal College of now if Congress had moved. buquerque, New Mexico. barrio was a marked Psychiatrists passed a resolution condemning The established fra.llty of economic fore­ town, slated to be mugged senseless by bull­ the use of psychiatry on political dissidents; casts insures a cautious reception for the dozers and wrecking crews. now they will doubtlessly be considering projections used on both sides of the issue. Eastward across the country, where the eco­ what further action to take. Now 1s the time But Ralph Nader's warning that decontrol nomic winds blow cold and hard upon New for psychiatrists outside the Soviet Union to of domestic oil will cost the average family Jersey. Newark's Bergen Street shopping dis­ raise their voices in protest, if they are truly $900 a year deserves special mention. De­ trict was decaying as a result of time and to call themselves doctors. control will mean a 7-cent rise per gallon cha.nging social patterns. of gas after three years. This ls about 10 Despite their physical separation, both percent of the present price, so Nader's communities shared a problem-a problem average family would have to be spending which has become an all too familiar trend QUIT CRYING WOLF ON OIL about $9,000 a year on energy at this point. in America's central cities, whereby neigh­ It ls, however, hard to argue with the pro­ borhoods decay, services decline, residents are jections of where this nation 1s headed under forgotten, crime increases, and local mer­ HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL present policies. Domestic production is per­ chants become unable to function, boa.rd up shops OF ILLINOIS sisting in its five-year decline. OPEC imports and move elsewhere. Then someone are up, accounting now for 37 per cent of notices the blighted area a.nd suggests urban IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES the oll supply. All consumption added be­ renewal which usually means the loss of a Thursday, July 17, 1975 tween now and 1977 will have to come f1·om distinctive neighborhood and the displace­ OPEC sources. ment of area residents who were not con­ Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, in last The shrillest wolf cries center on a "worst sulted about how the situation should be night's Washington Star the distin­ case" projection, the double trouble of a new improved. guished columnist Charles Bartlett la.id OPEC price hike which may coincide with Martlneztown and Bergen. Street, however, it out cold turkey style that this Demo­ the rise of decontrolled domestic oll. This did not become part of the typical turn of cratically controlled Congress is not act­ argues for Ford's decision to graduallze the events because, in each case. a local affiliate ing responsibility on energy matters. decontrol process over three years so its of the National Urban Coalition intervened economic impact can be balanced by fiscal in the process. Bartlett notes that the President's de­ adjustments. But It does not argue for more .. Basically," says NUC president, M. Carl control proPosal is in no way a case of delay. Holman, "there ha.s to be some organization delivering the American people into the The Democrats are digging deep into their that will intervene between low-income peo­ hands of an oil conspiracy. The Presi­ legislative bag to find ways to keep alive the ple and a bureaucratic structure to get the dent's plan includes a windfall profits tax delusion that energy is as cheap as ever. The things the low-income people really ought and rebates that tax others to the people. consumer ls promised edicts that will boll to have." Low and lower middle income families down in the end to rationing. The producer Today, Martlneztown still has the same res­ would receive more than they would lose is faced with production by edict. The Presi­ idents, but it is also paved, has well-lighted in higher energy prices. dent will simply impose a ''maximum, effi­ streets, a new high school and new housing. Moreover, they would be receiving that cient rate of production" on all fields and "Martineztown was there for decades," says set the price property by property. Holman. "The people got poor services. We money right now 1f it were not for Demo­ started dealing with nitty-grltty problems; cratic foot-dragging here on Capitol Hilt To get consumption down and production up, the nation confronts some sort of gamble. we made the schoolboard know that a new I do not believe the American people school was important. It took us three years n ca.n bet on government edicts, the benev­ are fooled by the Democrats' fulmina­ before we could get enough land collected olence of the OPEC producers, or traditional from businesses and 1ndlvldua1s who owned tions. The people see clearly who has a price incentives. Edicts don't turn tides and program and who does not. Were par­ land in the area so that we could build the OPEC is not turning soft, so the only rational school." Newark's Bergen Street ls now tree­ tisanship my principal consideration, I bet is on price incentives. The Democrats lined and its 92 storefront businesses are in would be delighted with what 1s going on, should acknowledge this simple truth. the process of being refurbished. Further­ and hope that the Democrats never do "I sure hope we can get something done," more, the city council has a task force consid­ get their act together. Chairman Russell Long, D-La., sighed at the ering the merits of urban homesteading as a July 17, i975 EXTENSIONS-OF. REMARKS 23.495 means of stabilizing the neighborhood sur­ sidered doomed, the needs of the poor and The developments, all of which were sub­ rounding the street. minority residents still living in these areas sidized in part through HUD's 236 program, Since its birth in riot-torn 1967, the Na­ was pushed to the rear as attention shifted include the San Veron apartments, (32 tional Urban Coalition, its 30 local affiliates, to Vietnam, the ecology, political scandals, units) in Mountain View, Calif., Homestead and its membership from big business, state inflation, the energy crisis and recession. Park (225 units) in Sunnyvale, Calif., Colo­ and local politics, and community groups, In such an atmosphere, Holman says the rado Park (76 units) and Aster Park (95 together have tried to act as a bundle ~f Coalition had to determine "what strong­ units) in Stanford. strength in combating urban ills. The Coali­ holds could be battened down and held onto All four housing developments are racially tion, it.self, has sought to broker changes :or so that everything wasn't washed away." mixed, and all have some units designated the inner city, using its nearly $3 million However, since the Coalition had been for the elderly. Homestead Park also bus a coffer (down about $1 million from 1~74), organized at a time when all things flowed child care center to accommodate 100 chH­ from foundations, corporations, and private from Washington, it had been organized to dren. In addition, they all serve low-inc0me individuals as leverage. exert its strength at the national level; even families, that is, families with income up to Like other organizations, the Coalition its local affiliates were envisioned largely as $3,000 for an individual, and up to $7,000 for has been stung by the economic recession, support arms for national strategies. In order families of four or more. Moderate income and reports that although labor unions and to function in the changed times when con­ falls in the category of $5,000 for an indi­ corporations have increased their support frontation and pronouncements were no long­ vidual and up to $12,000 for a family of both in total dollar contributions and in the er enough in themselves, the Coa,lition had to four or more. number of contributions, assistance from concentrate its efforts. The Stanford Mid-Peninsula Urban Coali­ foundations has declined. The Coalition re­ No longer were solutions to emanate only tion is also behind the Frenchman's Terrace ports that the effect of declining support from Washington. An economic downturn apartments, 225 units in the process of being from foundations has affected the NUC's substantially affected the private sector's in­ developed in cooperation with Stanford Uni­ unrestricted budget, as :financially pressed terests in alleviating urban problems and the versity. These apartments are the first of the foundations are increasingly emphasizing deceptive quiet of the cities eroded corporate coalition's developments that will in.:::lude specific grants for specific activities rather participation. Thus, the Coalition revamped middle-income families as well as families than providing general support funds. its program of revitalizing and stabilizing from low- and moderate-income brackets. The Coalition's total budget for 1975 is the cities in an effort to move with the times. Housing alone, though, will not ensure the survival of a neighborhood. Services such as $2,631,000 million, $2 million to be used as Its new agenda reflects its local emphasis unrestricted funds for the overall operation by concentrating its energies into housing, education and health care are critical to the viability of an area. Therefore, the Coalit ion of the organization and $631,000 is restricted health, jobs and income, and crime and per­ sonal safety. Holman says the organization also concentrates its efforts on school finance funds for special projects such as School reform through which per pupil expenditures Finance Reform and the Right to Read now ·uses a much more "comprehensive, prag­ matic" approach to solving the problems of are equalized to enhance educational oppor­ program. tunity and achievement in urban schools. The Coalition's purpose can be st ated the cities. For example, in housing, the Coalition and In health, the Coalition concentrates c,n rather simply as the effort "to enlist the re­ the problems of health service delivery an d sources, talents and energies of the private its locals have been working with the De­ partment of Housing and Urban Develop­ health manpower shortages in minority an d sector to help solve the problems of our poor areas. urban centers." And to that end it has ment (HUD) to create and initiate various methods of neighborhood stabilization. One of the things the Coalition tries to do achieved change by maintaining a relatively through its affiliates, over which Sarah Aus­ dynamic organization. But, between its be­ One of these approaches, urban home­ steading, has received considerable public tin, vice president for cities operations has ginnings and now, the natio~a~ atmosphere purview, is educate local citizens about re­ has altered significantly. Coallt1on president attention. Under the concept, which was first developed by the NUC and then put into ef­ cent shifts in the delivery of federal Iunjs. M. Carl Holman, noted that when he left The Coalition is a pa.rtnership between the the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, where fect through HUD, a low-or moderate-in­ come family takes title to an abandoned, public and private sector. he served as deputy staff director, to join Reconciling the many interests that go the organization as a vice president in 1968, foreclosed property at no cash cost and with­ out a mortgage debt. The takeover is con­ into a revitalized city sets up an arena. "The great concern was that the cities were of compromise. The National Urban Coali­ going to blow up. A lot of attention was tingent on the family improving the property at its own expense to meet specified stand­ tion has learned to wend its way with dex­ focused on the plight of urban centers." In terity. the three years of his presidency, the fears ards. The program, operating in more than 25 and attention have fallen lower than the market value of the Penn Central Railroad's cities, was first implemented in Wilmington, Del., two years ago. The NUC played another THE PADRONE-AN ITALIAN UNCLE stock. major role in the homesteading plan by set­ TOM The reasons for the disinterest are many. ting up workshops to advise low-income peo­ Government in 1967 was very different in its ple on ways and means to obtain properties. orientation from the recent thrust of "new The homesteading of more saleable housing, HON. MARIO BIAGGI federalism." Power was strongly centered in housing that is in a fairly redeem-home im­ Washington, and government officials at­ provement loans have made it difficult for OF NEW YORK tempted to design categorical programs as a owners in any income bracket to renovate IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES means of waging the "War on Poverty." From buildings as planned, dilapidated as most Thursday, July 17, 1975 the federal city, they planned to attack a were. The spiraling costs of building supplies whole range of problems that included civil and construction labor has also dampened Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, Americans rights and housing. enthusiasm of would-be venturers. of diverse ethnic backgrounds can re­ The urban upheaval made businessmen Now HUD is reconsidering the homestead­ count personal examples of discrimina­ more willing to help assuage the ills of the ing of more saleable housing, housing that cities. The country was in a state of economic tion they have been a witness to or a is in a fairly redeemable state rather than victim of. What is less frequently dis­ growth, and jobs were relatively plent iful­ totally dilapidated. If HUD establishes new though the ghetto and the barrio continued guidelines, one benefit to prospective home­ cussed though is the callous indifference to experience high unemployment rates. steaders would be obvious-the cost of costly with which many ethnic politicians have When the riots erupted, the business com­ repairs would be diminished considerably. treated citizens of their own heritage. munity was shocked into a more activist role There is no single approach to improving This unfortunate phenomenon assumes than it had ever assumed before. Business urban housing, thus, the Coalition is joint­ various forms. What remains constant, was especially ready to help once the impact venturing a demonstration project through of the disturbances started threatening to however, is the degree to which the needs which public housing is converted to con­ of American ethnic groups remain un­ shake its establishments from storefronts dominiums that would be owned by their to board rooms. present tenants at a cost level comparable answered as a result. Additionally, minorities and the poor were to their present monthly rents. The Italo-American electorate has !lot sharply vocal through activist leaders. Too The series of housing ventures which Hol­ escaped manipulation by politicians of often, though, neither those who held the man points to as the "most successful," this stripe. The following article on the power nor those who sought to 1·edress its were developed under the aegis of the Stan­ "padrone" in American politics examines imbalance found it easy to resolve their dif­ ford Mid-Peninsula Urban Coalition in this problem in some depth. I comme!ld ferences. The result was too often empty California.. rhetoric, uneasy compromises, and mutual it to my colleagues. The coalition put together a non-profit (From the Italo-American Times, April 1975] misunderstanding. housing development corporation, acquired As the ashes turned cold in the burnt out monies from banks, foundations and govern­ THE PADRONE IS ALIVE AND WELL .•• corridors of the inner cities, interest in the ment subsidies to build four housing devel­ POLITICALLY underlying reasons that led to the civil dis­ opments (428 units), some rental and some {By Phil Foglia.) ruptions waned. National politicians em­ co-operative, for low- and moderate-income All students of the Italian experience in braced benign neglect, the cities were con- families between 1970 and 1975. America are well a.ware o! the exploits (in 28496 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 17, 1975 the most literal sense) of the "padrone," the All this is not to say that our community [From the Sun, Apr. 6, 19751 to labor boss who enslaved his own people does not have some excellent individual STREETCAR .ANNlvERSARY provide for his own com.fort and that of his _ leaders. We do. But, the pa.drone syndrome cronies. These so called "labor agents" re­ has created tremendous obstacles to leader­ (By James Gasque) duced Italian immigrants to such a. lowly ship development in general. It is time now Three Baltimore groups have begun think­ level that it was possible for employers to tell for us t o be aware of these political scoun­ ing about plans !or observing this summer immlgrants that it took two or three "guin­ drels who live off the blood of our commu­ the 90th anniversary of the establishment of eas" to make one "white man," thereby justi­ nities. Think! If all our leadership is looking this country's first successful commercial f ying pitiful wages. Besides delivering up im­ out for our interests would it be possible in electric railway. Tentative plans include a m igrants on this denigrated basis, it was the a city like New York to have 4 Italo Con­ commemorative souvenir cover. job of t he pa.drone to make sure that the gressmen, 11 Italo City Councilmen, 5 !ta.lo The three groups are the Baltimore Street­ •· wops" didn't get out of line and demand State Senators, 18 State Assemblymen and car Museum, the Hampden Business Men and equal rights with ot her Americans. In re­ at least 5 commissioner level appointees and the Hampden-Woodberry Community Asso­ turn for reducing Italians to third class cit i­ still have such arrogant neglect of Italo ciation. zens, the pa.drone was rewarded handsomely problems such as tllose highlighted by the The museum probably would lend a hand as were all the slavemasters of history. It report of the Congress of Italian American with marking the anniversary no matter is a convenience for the oppressor to find Organizations. For instance, in NYC census where the first run had taken place, but and utilize "sellouts" of the order of "Uncle tracts with more than 50 % Italian popula­ participation by the Hampden groups is born Toms" and of the "pa.drone" who are of the tion, 41 % of all individuals living without of loeal pride. same background of the oppressed and can family, ( % of whom are senior citizens) were FmST USED IN 1885 assist the oppressor in his efforts. below the poverty level but only 9 % were Electric street<:ars were first used on reg­ In t ime, as Italians became more aware of receiving public assistance. ular scheduled runs on the Baltimore & their rights, and their value in the labor Is it possible this goes unnoticed by Italo Hampden Railway in August, 1885, about :rorce, t he "pa.drone system" was overthrown American politicians. Also, during the 1973- three years before the annexation move that and Ita.lo Americans became self reliant. 74 school year only 823 of 4147 Italian speak­ made Hampden a part of the city. This is not the case in the polit ical world. ing school children with moderate and se­ This transit company had begun service In politics, Ita.lo Americans, for inexplica­ vere language difficulties were receiving any nine years earlier, operating over a route ble reasons, have not yet reached the level of programmed bilingual assistance. Is it pos­ extending from Charles street and Hunting­ awareness that will allow them to rid the sys­ sible this goes unnoticed also or are we to don avenue (now 2-5th street) northward to tem of "political pa.drone" who have retarded assume this is acceptable to Italo politicians. Roland avenue and 36th sweet. the real growth of the Italo community. Further, are we to accept the discrimination Most of the dozen or so street<:ar lines of There are several different breed of politi­ in CUNY where a minimum of 25 % of the the day used horse-drawn cars, but the cal pa.dronl. The first is the elected pa.drone. student body is Italo American but only 4 % Hampden line, with its steep grades used He is the politico who is elected from dis­ of the faculty is !ta.lo. mules. tricts that are predominantly Italian. He If this ls all acceptable to Italo politicians The electric street<:ars which climbed these spends most of his time on projects or legis­ it is not acceptable to our communities. I grades included two units, passenger cars lation that is designed to win over the non­ suggest that we all take hard looks at our of the type horses pulled and a smaller car Italo segment of his district. The Italo con­ ltalo political leadership and evaluate equipped with series motors. The motor car stituency is given lip service and moving whether they are acting as pa.drone and re­ got its power from a center rail, rather than speeches on holidays and during fiestas. ducing us to second and third class citizens. from an overhead trolley system. Never, however, does he formulate a strat­ Political pa.drone must be put on notice that BACK TO ANIMALS egy to attack the problems of his !ta.lo con­ their ways are as outdated as the labor agent stituents. That would be too parochial. And, and, as the latter went, so will they go. The New Jersey engineer who came to after all, Italos are resigned to receiving no Baltimore to convert the line to electricity, help from the government and will ulti­ Leo Daft, named the little motor cars after mately vote for an Italian incumbent under men he admired. The first two bore the names any circumstances. Accordingly, this pa.drone "Morse" and "Faraday." keeps a public posture that is far removed FIRST ELECTRIC STREETCAR IN By late 1899 the Daft equipment had worn from Italo concerns so as to avoid conflicts THE WORLD out and the owners of the Hampden line with other ethnic or minority groups. He is, decided not to replace it. The line reverted in essence, a coward. to animal power until improvements in elec­ Another type of padrone is t he appointed HON. PARREN J. MITCHELL trical systems ca.me a few years later. pa.drone. He is usually an Italo American OF MARYLAND One of the prime movers of the plans who is qualified within a given area. and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESEN'I'ATIVES for observing the anniversary is Andrew T . sufficiently identifiable as an Italo American Cava.cos, Hampden businessman and stamp so as to be politically operative for the ad­ Thursday, July 17, 1975 collector who was born within a stone's ministration whi<:h he serves. The problem Mr. MITCHELL of Maryland. Mr. throw of the northern terminus of the with this appointment level padrone ls that Hampden line. Speaker, a very histo1ical event of world­ (Casting about for some distinctive way he doesn't serve Italo Americans but merely wide interest will occur during August of serves as an !ta.lo American much the same of referring to the 90th anniversary, he calls way the old labor agents did. Government this year, 1975. It is the precentennlal- this one, a "pre-centennial.") administrations, as well as corporate and 90th anniversary-of the :first electric SUGGESTS THREE COVERS institutiona,l administrations for that mat­ streetcar in the world. His idea is to arrange for three covers, ter, are careful in selecting "safe" Italos who During this period of national celebra­ each postmarked at a different postal station, will not make waves or create disturbances tion of this Nation's Bicentennial, and perhaps one at the Howard and 25th street 1n the quest for justice for his people. This as we here in the House of Representa­ end, another at the northern end and the kind of cooperation permits negligence of tives debate the fate of mass transporta­ third at the streetcar museum on Falls road. the !ta.lo community to perpetuate while tion, I think that it is :fitting that we There may be some problems deciding ex­ problems become more severe. note the 90th anniversary of the estab­ actly which day the covers should be post­ Another pa.drone is the politically ambi­ marked. tious "comer" who wants to be the number lishment of this country's :first success­ The bronze plaque unveiled 40 years ago one !ta.lo, in the city or state, to balance ful commercial electric railway. I am after the electric cars began service used every ticket or fill any position where it is more than proud to indicate that plans the date August 10. Michael R. Farrell, the advantageous to have an Italo American. for this celebration are originating in rail transit historian, does not dispute that He undercuts other Italos or plays a "spoiler" the Hampden-Woodberry neighborhood date but he cites two other possibilities. role by pitting himself against fellow Italo of Baltimore, Md.-which is a part of Writing 19 years after the event, Professor Americans thereby limiting the range of Maryland's Seventh Congressional Dis­ Daft said regular service began August 15 achievement for Italo Americans genera.Uy. and newspapers of the period say August 18. These people must be made to understand trtct which I represent here in the House. that this kind of activity is not acceptable Theref ore, I commend to my colleagues RAILWAY POST OFFICES and will no longer be tolerated. If !ta.lo an article written by Mr. James Gasque A decade after that first run by an electric politicos can't cooperate and work with other of the Baltimore Sunpapers detailing the streerear, Baltimore's postmaster S. Davies "brothers" than they don't deserve the sup­ plans to pay recognition to this moment Warfield proposed a new urban railway postal port of the community and should actively service. About two years later, on May 17, in our past and explaining the history 1897, street ra.ilwa.y post offices m.ade their be opposed. Caucuses, alliances, and coali­ behind an accomplishment. Fur­ tions of Italo leadership is what is now pres­ such appearance in Baltimore, operating over a ently needed to begin to solve the problems ther, I would like to thank Mr. Andrew 14-mile route from Curtis Bay to Arllngton. that have been neglected for so long in our T. Cavacos for bringing this matter to Other routes were added during the 32 communities a.s a result of padronism. and the my attention. years these postal ca.rs collected and dis­ vacuum or leadership created by it. The article follows: tributed pouch mall, one of the routes run- July 17, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23497 ning from Roland Park to Dundalk, passing Dr. Henry Paolucci, Professor of history Spa.in with the monarchies of Aragon and fairly close to Hampden, but, alas, not down and political theory at St. John's University, Castile. the old Hampden line. knows as much about Bagehot's work as The creation of modern Germany in 1870, When the August birthday of the electric anyone. In his War, Peace, and the Presi­ as all students of history know, was the re­ streetcar comes, it will not be greatly im­ dency there is a summary breakdown of sult of the realpolitik scheming of the le­ portant which date ls used in the postmark Bagehot's vision of national development. It gendary ott-0 von Bismarck. He minced no on cacheted covers. The anniversary is a looks something like the following: words. He announced to the world that a significant one and the covers wm be pop• I. Forced Unity-an involuntary political German nation-state would be created not ular with stamp collectors. union is imposed on a recalcitrant people by discussion, patient debate, or beneflcient through a forceful act of the will by an­ evolution, but by "Iron and Blood." The other people, or ruler. many separate German principalities of the II. Felt Unity-in time, the political union time were welded by him onto his own state becomes acceptable, and eventually natural of Prussia through the heat of war-again WALTER BAGEHOT AND IRELAND and spontaneous, for the joined peoples. an involuntary union. Bismarch knew that 1974 What the world now calls nationalism de­ if he waited until the ruling powers in the velops. separate German states became willing to III. Discursive Unity-the forced political surrender their privileges for the good of a HON. HAMILTON FISH, JR. union becomes natural and widespread unified nation, his countrymen would be enough to allow for a free exchange of subject to Russian and French domination OF NEW YORK opinion. for generations to come, if not forever. His IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Whether just or not, Bagehot tells us that determination, his act of will, forced the Thursday, July 17, 1975 every free nation has achieved the status of Hanoverians, Bavarians, Westphalians, etc. sovereignty and political independence by to become Germans. Mr. FISH. Mr. Speaker, a constituent, going through these stages. (And, of course, Perhaps Bismarck's resolve was hardened James Kevin Fitzpatrick, from Mahopac "the Iri5h have not-not entirely anyhow.) Is by the exam.pie of Abraham Lincoln who just in the 25th Congressional District, New he right? Take any country and test him. ten years earlie1· in the United States decided York, which I have the honor of repre­ Start with England. In 1066 the Normans that it would be better for brother to kill senting has written an article on Ireland under William the Basta.rd crossed the chan­ brother in a boiling stew of a. civil war than nel and defeated the Anglo-Saxons under to witness the end of his country. It mattered for The Irish People newspaper. The Harold the Fair at the Battle of Hastings. not that a substantial number of his- fellow article, which I am inserting in the The Normans won and instituted shortly countrymen wanted that disintegration to CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, I believe will as­ thereafter a rigid and repressive regime with­ take place. The North and the South were sist my colleagues in tmderstanding the in which Anglo-Saxons., Danes, and many held together in a forced union, glorified in background of the present conflict which Celts were held together through naked all American schoolbooks, by the unreserved is afflicting that nation. force. It was an involuntary union, a forced and even ruthless use of military force. Lin­ and contested union, attested to by a wealth WALTER BAGEHOT AND IRELAND 1974 coln accepted what had to be the most oner­ of English folklore. The Robin Hood legends, ous responsibility ever faced by an American (By James Kevin Fitzpatrick) for example, tell of Saxon yeoman resorting President. He accepted and initiated the What better way to understand the his­ to banditry in an attempt to thwart Norman pains, sorrows, and death of war against his torical propriety of the current military domination. Property was confiscated, the own countrymen to save the union. campaign of the Provisional IRA than to Anglo-Saxon language proscribed (we still We could go on. But the point is clear. examine the full implications of the ideas use French Norman words for food when it Modern nations did not "just happen" in the of the great 19th century champion of Eng­ is finely prepared-beef, pork-and Anglo­ spring. They were made by men of vision. llsh nationalism, Walter Bagehot? For if one Saxon for when it is still dirty and on hoof­ Some of these men acted with just cause, like of John Bull's finest flowers is used to make cow, pig), and the Anglo-Saxon style of dress Lincoln and Bismarck. They acted to hold the case for an Ireland united through physi­ and grooming subjected to l"idicule by the together a people who were already united cal force, the hackneyed British accusation conquerors. It was only hundreds of years by heritage, custom, and language. Some that a "misguided," "irrational," "Celtic na­ later, after the experience of living, fighting, were brutal conqueror of already separate tionalism" and "Irish romanticism" clouds and dying together that the internal divi­ peoples, like the English. But all nations have the vision of Irish patriots can be dismissed sions ended and a felt unity evolved. Anglo­ experienced the agony of becoming a people. out of hand. Saxons and Normans became Englishmen. Birth is a. bloody thing. Bagehot (pronounced "Ba.jut") is not men­ Later in history the English attempted, with Irish Free-state leaders then, in govern­ tioned much any longer in British intel­ less success, to repeat this process on a larger ment and out, wllo are waiting for an evolu­ lectual. journals of opinion, perhaps because scale by adding the Irish and the Scots to tion of a new Irish consciousness in the his analysis of the origins of British nation­ their planned new felt unity of Great Britain. minds of the Northern Orange community hood is too pointed a reminder of the ancient Modern political liberties, what we now are waiting for an experience that will be roots of their national unity for the residents call rights, followed. Once the internal na­ tional cohesiveness had been established truly unique in the world's history-some­ of the "sceptered isle" to handle in this pe­ thing like the world has never seen. Conor riod of internal upheaval. The last thing that firmly, the right to speak and write pretty Cruise O'Brien, for example, in advocating a. England's leaders want the "British people" much at will became feasible. "Citizens" to think about just now ls the role that mili­ (they no longer bad to be "subjects") with dual-sovereignty for Ireland. his "States of tary coercion played in uniting Anglo-Saxon, _strong national loyalties could be trusted to Ireland", is recommending that the Irish peo­ Dane, Norman and Celtic peoples into a po­ speak and write only with the best interests ple behave as no other historic people who litical unity. But modern Irish nationalists of their people in mind. The Celtic centers, valued their national independence. Appar­ would. do well to look long and hard at Ba­ naturally, could not be granted these free­ ently O'Brien's own internationalist and to gehot's Physics and Politics for therein is a doms-Ireland, and to a lesser extent Scot­ Marxist leanings make him immune the clear historical explanation of exactly what land, Cornwall and Wales-since they did lure of national integrity. The risk implicit it takes to unite a patchwork collection of not acquiesce to the new felt unity under in his advice lies in the fact that a people separate peoples into a viable nation-state. the British monarch. They had to be kept cannot be partially sovereign anymore than As the title Physics and Politics suggests, "subjects." a woman can be partially pregna.nt. Thos& Bagehot was attempting to explain, in cold, The initial temptation is to linger over nations that do not go forward in pursuit of ha.rd, objective, scientific terms, how healthy, the English experience. (For obviously what perfecting their national union are likely to free, and sovereign modern nations were built is good for the English goose ls good for the go backward away from it. It would appear and maintained. Not how they should have Irish gander.) But let us switch, even if only likely that 1f the Irish resign themselves to been built, but how they were. And he suc­ in a sketchy manner, to the history of som& a. separate English-dominated. state in the ceeds. Bagehot was English himself and of the rest of the world's nations just to north of their country it will signal a loss or proud of it, but his pen probed not only into corroborate Bagehot's case. their desire to accept the burdens of being England's national development, but to all of France experienced the same process. In the a free and independent people. And, sadly, Europe's and America's as well. ( Of course last years of the tenth century, Hugh Capet the only alternative to accepting those sweet he does not mention Ireland since, as we extended his political control out and be­ burdens in a world of nations is to allow a know, in those heady days of English Im­ yond his own feudal domains around Paris more vigorous and manly people to handle it perialism, the Irish national development was to surrounding regions of what is now for you. It would not be hysterical to suggest being forcibly repressed by England in the France. Toulouse, Aquitaine, Gascony, etc. that the alternative t.o a. free and united name of a "greater British" Isles sense of na­ were made part of a new nation, the nascent Ireland is a movement toward reunification tional unity. And Bagehot was all for that. French nation, by the broadswords of Hugh's with the mother-country, England. Bagehot was no friend of Ireland's. That is armies, an involuntary union. The French The modern Irish are faced with the test of not the point.) He searched for and found a nation-builders acted as determinedly as did nationhood. It is to their everlasting credit common denominator, a historically veri­ the Spanish in the 16th Century. Spanish that they are brooding-as Christians fiable pattern, in the development of all history, even to this day, can be told as the should-<>ver the propriety of the use of fore&. known nations out of the crazy quilt of record of the problems which followed upon ( Can anyone seriously Imagine an Arab or divided and decentralized feudal Europe. the forced union of the outlaying areas of an Israeli asking himself whether his coun- CXXI--1480-Pa.rt 18 23498 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 17, 1975 try's very existence is worth the taking of were in excess of 7 % percent. I also share i-einsw·ance commitment when and if the human life.) But the moral agony tha.t comes the administration's f ea.r that once the from being a Christian and a warrior in pur­ banks refrain from foreclosure. suit of a just cause has afflicted good men Government becomes involved in the The second title is a home purchase who have had to fight their country's wars business of providing direct interest rate assistance measure. It expands the au­ all down through history. Those who accept subsidies for a few homeowners, it is dif­ thority given the President last year to the call to arms have traditionally asked ficult to phase out these subsidies. make mortgage credit available when only that they be judged by the same stand­ A fourth reason outlined by the Presi­ housing starts are low. It extends the ards, when they a,ppear before their God, as dent in his veto message is its excessive existing Home Purchase Assistance Act El Cid, St. Joan of Arc, and the attack forces cost. H.R. 4485 would authorize up to to June 30, 1976, permits financing of at the Battle of the Bulge. $1.5 billion for emergency middle-income Correlatively, those Irish who shrug their condominiums and apartments, and sets shoulders in resignation and say "How in housing subsidies through July 1, 1976; a maximum rate of interest on tandem­ God's name can you force a million Orange­ up to $500 million for emergency mort­ plan mortgages at 7 ¥:? percent. This re­ men to become part of Ireland?" a.re ignoring gage relief payments for up to 2 years; places the 6 percent short-term and 7 history's lesson. History tells us how-by and up to $100 million for section 312 re­ percent long-term interest subsidies con­ force. To deny Irish nationalists that tool is habilitation loans for 2 years, for a grand tained in R.R. 4485, and instead finances to do nothing more noble than to claim that total of about $2.1 billion. It would add all the subsidized mortgages through the English force is somehow moral, while Irish over $1 billion to the deficit in fiscal year tandem plan. It also eliminates the $1 ,- 1s not. For, one way or another, there is going 1976 alone. Such large expenditures 000 cash incentive payments to house­ to be an imposition by force in the North to be an imposition by force in the North of would have an inflationary impact buyers. Ireland. Either English force will deny the throughout the economy. The value of The third title includes c1itically Irlsh nation its place in the family of na­ the dollar would be fw·ther eroded at needed housing rehabilitation and re­ tions, or Irish force will deny a small Eng­ home and abroad. It is essential that we pair provisions. Under this title, the lish-oriented minority the right to abort the hold down Federal spending and cut back widely supported section 312 rehabilita­ blrth of the Irish nation. The future of whenever possible. We simply cannot af­ tion loan program will be continued Ireland will be determined by what kind of ford to add another $2 billion program to through August 1976 at an authorized 11.eader emerges in the next few years; a Lin­ our already staggering Federal deficit. level of $100 million. This provision is coln, or a Petain, a. Wolfe Tone or a John The housing industry is already show­ Redmond, Conor Cruise O'Briens or the a compromise version of the provision Provos. ing signs of recovery. The added stimulus vetoed by the President. Another pro­ of the bill could only serve to touch off a vision of the bill extends by 7 months the new round of inflation and high interest time period during which certain pur­ A RESPONSIBLE RESPONSE TO rates. chasers of older inner-city housing in­ THE HOUSING CRISIS The President has also released $2 bil­ sured by FHA could apply for compen­ lion remaining from $7.75 billion author­ sation for correcting serious defects that ized by Congress in a housing bill passed were not detected at the time of pur­ HON. ROBERT W. KASTEN, JR. last year. This $2 billion would finance chase. The final provision extends sec­ OF WISCONSIN about 65,000 mortgages at a 7%,-percent tion 202 (b) of the Flood Disaster Pro­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES interest i·ate, compared with the current tection Act by 6 months the deadline on Thursday, July 17, 1975 market rate of slightly less than 9 per­ a :flood insurance program, to permit cent. financing of resales of existing housing Mr. KASTEN. Mr. Speaker, on June 24, The President's veto was motivated by in :flood plains not covered by the the President vetoed H.R. 4485, the some unwise provisions of H.R. 4485, yet program. Emergency Housing Act of 1975, and his his commitment to solving the housing I mentioned earlier that the housing veto was sustained by the Congress. It problem cooperatively with the Congress industry has begun to show signs of re­ is my opinion that this was a respon­ has been illustrated by his signing on covery. This should not, however, dim sible action, and I concur with the Pres­ July 2 the compromise bill H.R. 5398, ow· recognition of the fact that the cur­ ident in his reasons for the veto. which is similar to R.R. 8138 which I rent improvement in housing starts has First, the President expressed concern introduced. been from the lowest March on record, that the bill could not be implemented Specifically, title I of R.R. 5398 is a to the lowest April on record, to the low­ without substantial delay. This is a legit­ foreclosure relief measure to protect est May in 28 years. Unemployment in imate concern, given the current state families who face the loss of their homes the construction industry continues to of ill health of the housing industry and because of the current recession. This increase. In May, the construction un­ the immediacy of the needs of those title is virtually identical to the Presi­ employment rate was 21.8 percent, the homeowners faced with foreclosure. We dent's measure passed by the Congress highest in the post-World War II period. cannot afford to wait the months it early last month. The foreclosure relief The Housing Act of 1975 is our hope would take to put the act into effect, dis­ program will assist some 100,000 fami­ to improve this picture in the future. The couraging home building in the interim. lies who cannot meet their mortgage pay­ home purchase assistance measures con­ Second, the President thought that in ments by authorizing HUD to coinsure tained in the act will provide the :ceces­ some areas of the country inequities mortgages in default, or to make month­ sary incentive to spur a faster recovery would develop with regard to the income ly payments of up to $250 for as long as -in housing than we are presently witness­ levels of families to be assisted. The mit­ 24 months when lenders are unwilling ing. The final version of the bill that igation of these inequities is of utmost or unable to fore bear on their loans. The was signed into law will afford Federal importance since it is the working class title will authorize $1.5 billion for coin­ aid to the housing industry by attempt­ homeowner who is meant to be the aid surance contracts, and a maximum of ing to reach the roots of some of the in­ recipient of the housing bill. It seems un­ $250 million for mortgage relief loans. dustry's problems, and thus avoiding the fair that in some cases under R.R. 4485, It is estimated that the mortgage relief distortions that result from merely treat­ families with a $25,000 yearly income program will operate at negligible cost ing symptoms. The bill provides the Sec­ could qualify, while in other cases fami­ to the Federal budget since the Federal retary of HUD some flexibility in deter­ lies with a $6,000 yearly income could not funds used would be repaid when home­ mining the mix of subsidy approaches. qualify. owners are back to work. By utilizing the tandem plan, HUD will A third reason that the President ve­ This provision differs from R.R. 4485 purchase the 7¥2-percent mortgages, and toed R.R. 4485 was that subsidizing in­ in that direct assistance to the home­ thus make more money available to pri­ terest rates down to 6 percent in one of owner was the only option under the vate lenders to finance more housing. By the subsidy options would give a middle vetoed measw·e. The new bill takes into allowing some :flexibility in the programs income home buyer an excessive benefit account the fact that banks and other and operating through established mar­ at the taxpayers' expense. Interest rates lending institutions have acted with re­ ket mechanisms, the housing industry have not been as low as 6 percent in a straint during this recession, and fore- may receive the needed boost to continue decade and the 6 percent rate is far be­ closures have not risen dramatically. recovery on its own. low that needed for a strong housing Thus, it seems feasible to provide the The current flow of funds into mort­ industry. In 1973, for example, there were same protection to homeowners by agree­ gage lending institutions is helping to over 2 million starts when interest rates ing to stand behind their banks with a bring mortgage rates down. If we can July 17, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23499 control our deficit spending, and thus on their glucagon research. In addition THE "NEW COLD WAR" keep the Federal Goverment from hav­ to his post as chief of medical research (By Irving Kristo!) ing to borrow further in the private at the VA hospital, he is professor of in­ It has been very worrisome, these past money markets, these rates should con­ ternal medicine at the medical school in months, to observe the apparent Willingness tinue to come down which would also Dallas. of many State Department officials to refor­ help to alleviate our housing problems. A key factor in his work was develop­ mulate American foreign economic policy in the hope of achieving a. more amiable The Housing Act of 1975 exemplifies ment in the Dallas VA Hospital labora­ "dialog" with the so-called Third World. It these goals, and I am pleased to be in tories of a complex technique for meas­ is true that. for the moment, the Treasury full suppo1·t of it. uring minute quantities of glucagon in seems to have blocked such an effort. And the blood. it is also true that, by appointing Daniel This radioimmunoassay process, using Patrik Moynihan as Ambassador to the radioactive iodine to "tag" glucagon United Nations, Secretary Kissinger has indi­ DR. ROGER H. UNGER-HONORED molecules, has enabled other researchers cated his own awa1·eness that a candid debate may, under certain circumstances, be the to join in the study of glucagon. most appropriate form of dialog. Neverthe­ HON. OLINE. TEAGUE Helped greatly by a cooperative rabbit less, the State Department's instinctive ap­ that developed large numbers of gluca­ OF TEXAS proach to this issue has been little less than gon antibodies, the Dallas VA lab has frightening. Frightening, because any effort IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES supplied the rabbit's serum containing to create "a. new international economic Thursday, July 17, 1975 these antibodies to dozens of laboratories order," as is now being demanded in every in many nations. international forum, must entail some basic Mr. TEAGUE. Mr. Speaker, the Veter­ changes in our domestic economic order. ans Administration is providing high Although "Rabbit 30K" has now died, Frightening, too, because it reveals such a quality hospital and medical care to dis­ enough of his serum is retained in complete misreading by our foreign policy abled, sick, and elderly veterans in its freezers to supply researchers at the pres­ establishment of what our controversy with 171 hospitals and other medical facilities. ent rate for several more years, accord­ the "Third World" is all about, and of the One of the most important reasons why ing to Dr. Unger. political realities that lie beneath it. quality medical and hospital care is be­ Each small vial is sufficient for 1,000 In all fairness to the State Department, diagnostic tests. one must report that its interpretation of ing provided by the Veterans Adminis­ America's position in the world is not capri­ tration is its medical research programs cious or arbitrary. It is, fundamentally, the which are essential for the purpose of fashionable liberal view, to the effect that improving care and rehabilitation of dis­ UNDERDEVELOPED NATIONS VER- we have entered a new era of foreign policy abled veterans. SUS THE INDUSTRIALIZED which Newsweek has termed "The World's Successful research programs in VA New Cold War"-i.e., a war of the "poor na­ WORLD: THE "NEW COLD WAR" tions" against the "rich," a sort of interna­ Hospitals are not limited to improving tional version of the class struggle aiming medical care for veterans, but have made to redistribute wealth "equitably." And since it possible for the VA to make a contribu­ HON. DOMINICK V. DANIELS there is no liberal-chic idea. which cannot tion to American medicine which is help­ OF NEW JERSEY find some distinguished "concerned business ing mankind. An outstanding example of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES leaders" eager to subscribe to it, this is also a view that many in the business community this is the presentation of two recent Thursday, July 17, 1975 major national awards honoring Dr. sheepishly go a.long with. The Club of Rome Mr. DOMINICK V. DANIELS. Mr. and the Trilateral Commission. both sup­ Roger H. Unger of the Dallas, Tex., Vet­ ported mainly by grants from large corpora­ erans Administration Hospital and the Speaker, this morning's Wall Street tions, are very busy popularlzing this inter­ University of Texas Southwestern Med­ Journal contained an interesting and pretation of world affairs. As Professor Zbig­ ical School for his pioneering research well-written article by Irving Kristal on new Brzezinski of the Trilateral Commission, on the role of the hormone glucagon in the economic confrontation between the has put it: "The main axis of conflict at causing diabetes. developing nations and the industrial­ most international conferences today is not The most recent was the Banting ized world-a confrontation to which between the Western world and the Commu­ Medal, highest scientific honor of the some have referred as the "new cold nist world but between the advanced coun­ war''. tries and the developing countries." American Diabetes Association which Now, this statement is partly and super­ was presented to Dr. Unger at the asso­ Mr. KristoI makes some very salient ficially true-and is an excellent argument ciation's annual meeting in New York points in his article-points which in favor of having fewer such conferences, City. Earlier, he received the David should not be overlooked by those re­ most of which are only a form of political Rumbough Jr. Memorial Award for sponsible for the formulation and im­ theater in which the poor countries try to Scientific Achievement from the Juve­ plementation of U.S. foreign economic blame everyone but themselves for their nile Diabetes Foundation in Philadel­ policy. problems. The statement is also partly and In the last year, the United States and fundamentally false. The main axis of con­ phia, Pa. This award ls named for actress flict can be more accurately described as Dina Merrill's son, a diabetic, who died other developed nations have been ac­ being between liberal capitalist societies in 1973. cused of "exploiting" the economies of (ma.inly affluent) and those socletles­ Dr. Unger's :findings have a major part the so-called third world countries. In­ whether communist. socialist. or neo-fasclst in the recent broadening of the concept deed, it has been said that our pros­ (this latter category prevailing especially in of diabetes. His research indicates that perity has perpetuated their poverty. Africa)-which, whether poor or less affluent, glucagon as well as insulin malfunctions This is patently absurd. The growth of a.re opposed to liberal capitalism in prin­ to cause the disorder in which the body the U.S. economy is a credit to the re­ ciple. loses its normal ability to maintain blood sourcefulness, the talent and the energy A MATTER OF ATTITUDES sugar balance. of the American people who have con­ It is not simply a question of "world pov­ Finding a way to treat or prevent dia­ structed a market system unequaled in erty." It is much more a question of one's betes by suppressing glucagon is now a the world. Our economic growth has not attitude toward liberal political and econom­ ic systems, and towards liberal civilization 1n major goal of many researchers. preyed upon the less developed coun­ general. This explains why those "less devel­ "An avenue has been opened for in­ tries; our prosperity has not sapped oped." countries a.re always attacking the vestigation of the control of diabetes by their own potential economic vigor. United Staites and never say an unkind word an entirely new approach," Dr. Unger Irving Kristal examines some of the a.bout the Soviet Union-not exactly a poor said. factors in this important issue, including country. Nor do they show a.ny animus to­ He stressed that years of study will be the reluctance of some of these develop­ ward Saudi Arabia., now fabulously rich as required to determine whether the new ing nations to recognize basic economic the result of the exorbitant price it demands is realities-including the need to allow a for its oil from both rich and poor countries therapy, once it achieved, will help alike. Indeed, the very definition of .. the problems of blood vessel, eye, and kidney reasonable amount of time for economic Third World" entails a hostlllty toward lib­ changes that occur in many diabetics. growth. eral capitalism. Otherwise, how can one ex­ Two major scientific publications, the Mr. Speaker, I am sure that my col­ plain why Saudi Arabia., Cuban and Algeria British medical journal Lancet and the leagues will find this article of consider­ are fully-accredited members o! the club, U.S. journal Science, recently published able interest, and I include it at this whereas Israel, Taiwan, South Korea a.nd reports by Dr. Unger and his associates point in my remarks: Turkey are not? 23500 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 17, 197~ In truth, t his " new cold war" is not really their "economies do less well than they ten. In light of the President's avowed about economics at all, but about politics. ought: that the difference is of their own concern, I would like at this time to in­ At bottom, it is a conflict of political ideol­ making and no one else's, a.nd no claim on ogies. What the "Third World" is saying is anyone else a.rises in consequence." But his sert a letter from the National League not that it needs our help but that their is a lonely voice in American foreign policy of Families of American Prisoners and poverty is the fault of our capitalism-that circles. The State Department itself is very Missing in Southeast Asia to the Presi­ they are "exploited" nations while we are a much a. non-ideological institution, and dent. Bus Mills, the league's executive "guilty" people. And to the degree that the never fully appreciates the ways in which director and my good friend, has made United States officially accepts the terms of words and ideas ultimately shape world poli­ some undeniable points herein. Surely, the debate set down by the nations of the tics, and always prefers negotiation to con­ Mr. Mills suggestion that a meeting be­ "Third World," it also accepts moral respon­ frontation. It cannot get much excited over tween United States and Soviet heads of sibllity for their poverty. the principle of expropriation (without due Nations a.re poor for any one ( or any com­ compensation) of American business over­ State take place in Hanoi to achieve an bination) of three reasons: (1) history, (2) seas; it cannot see the ideological significance honorable determination of the fate of culture, and (3) misgovernment. of setting up various "world authorities" to U.S. servicemen and civilians in South­ By "history" one simply means the fact stockpile commodities and rig the interna­ east Asia is a sound one. This positive that some nations began to industrialize and tional markets so as to "help close the gap" step is, as he says, far simpler than a modernize themselves later than others, and between rich and poor nations. It cannot meeting of United States and Soviet it. ineVitably takes time for them to "catch even see the practical implications of such spacecraft. No technology is involved­ up." It need take nothing more than time, arrangements-Le., that you cannot "collec­ as the case of Japan illustrates. But it does tivize" and "plan" the international market no political axes would be ground, no take time--and any nation that claims "it economy without at the same time interven­ computer science would be needed. Only doesn't have the time" is merely asserting, ing massively in domestic market arrange­ humanitarian cooperation would be re­ with a kind of childish petulance, that it ments. quired as an ingredient, and yet such a impatiently wants the fruits of economic But what it cannot see, others can. There step would surely be the strongest, most growth now, before the growth itself has is, for instance, a whole flock of "progressive" positive one we could make. I know that been accomplished. and socialist economists in American acad­ my colleagues, in their own continued By "culture" one simply acknowledges emia who favor "a new international eco­ the fact that certain traditional ways of life, nomic order" precisely because its conse­ vigilence regarding the tragedy of our which doubtless have their own substantial quences are bound to run against the grain MIA's, will read his words with en­ Virtues, are inimical to economic develop­ of our liberal capitalist system. In effect, they thusiasm. ment. All immigrant groups to South Amer­ are trying to launch a reform movement The letter follows: ica, a potentially rich continent, quickly through the back door-the front door now NATIONAL LEAGUE OF FAMU.IES OF prosper: this has been the experience of being under critical scrutiny after our du­ AMERICAN PRISONERS AND MISS- Italians, Germans, Japanese and Jews. The bious experience with those "Great Society" ING IN SOUTHEAST ASIA, native and Hispanic populations do not programs of yesteryear. They feel that if the Washington, D.C., July 16, 1975. prosper so ea.sily-because their ways of life United States gets itself committed to the H.:m . GERALD R . FORD, are not so oriented toward the production of propriety and justice of a massive interna­ President of the United States, The W hite wealth. And does anyone doubt that if, tional redistribution of wealth and income, House, Washington, D.C. overnight, the 500 million Indians were through a "planned world economy," then DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: On the eve of the miraculously replaced by the same number there is no way it can avoid a commitment Sixt h Annual Meeting of the National League of Swiss, India would soon be numbered to a similar redistributive policy, and a simi­ of Families of American Prisoners and Miss­ among the more affluent nations? lar commitment to planning, internally. And ing in Southeast Asia, when Russia and the By "misgovernment" one simply refers, they are absolutely right. United Stat es are cooperating beautifully on among other things, to the fact that most of There is always a good case, in both prin­ t he Soyuz-Apollo Space venture, the Fami­ the poorer countries are dominated by polit­ ciple and prudence, for the more affluent be­ lies propose another joint venture. This jour­ ical regimes that are anti-liberal in their ing charitable toward the poor-even to those ney would not require the vast technical and politics and anti-capitalist in their eco­ whose poverty is largely their own fault. Nor scient ific preparation. It would not require nomics. These governments are ideologically is there any reason to expect, much less in­ t he great expense that Soyuz-Apollo does. committed to the redistribution of wealth sist on, gratitude: Such benevolence is sup­ There would not be the great concern for the and to the frustration of business enterprise posed to be its own reward. But when the safety of the participants on this venture as which creates wealth. Since the wealth they poor start "mau-mauing" their actual or po­ t here Ls for the Astronauts and Cosmonauts. wish to redistribute does not exist in their tential benefactors, when they begin vilifying The venture or journey we propose is a own countries, they have decided to redis­ them, insulting them, demanding as of right journey for Peace, a True Peace, not the kind ·tribute the wealth of the United States and what it is not their right to demand-then that resulted from the "so called Paris Peace the nations of Western Europe. And their one's sense of self-respect may properly take Agreements," but one that could bring peace rationale for doing so is that this wealth, in precedence over one's self-imposed humani­ of mind to the wives, children, parents and the first instance, derives from an "exploita­ tarian obligations. If the United States is to gain the respect of world opinion, it first has ot her relatives of the 1300 U.S. Servicemen tion" of their countries by the capitalist to demonstrate that it respects itself-its and Civilians for whom we have no account­ world. own institutions, its own way of life, the ing. This journey could bring peace of mind It is this last accusation which provides political and social philosophy that ls the to these men's Commander-in-Chief and t o the impetus for " the new cold war." It is, basis of its institutions and its way of life. t he collective conscience of the people of the on its face, absurd. The supposed exploita­ Such a sense of self-respect and self-affirma­ Unit ed States. tion derives from the fact that the poorer tion seems to be a missing element in our We propose a journey for President Ford nations export raw commodities to the in­ foreign policy. It is no wonder, therefore, that and Dr. Kissinger to depart the United States dustrialized nations. Since they have nothing we are making such a mess of the "new cold at about the same time General Secretary else to export, and since these exports Brezhnev and Premier Chou En Lai would are paid for, this is a perfectly natural and war." depart their respective capitals. They would not at all unhealthy state of affairs. For the link up in Hanoi where they would be joined better part of the 19th Century the United by Premier Pham Van Dong and perhaps by States was in exactly this condition; it was MIA IN SOUTHEAST ASIA Le Due Tho, who along with Dr. Kissinger the income from the sale of cotton, wheat, were t he chief archi tee ts of the Paris Accords. and minerals which eventually formed the These participants have been carefully basis for our industrial development. But HON. WILLIAM M. KETCHUM select ed for t his time and place; President many of the underdeveloped countries today, OF CALIFORNIA Ford-the head of our Government and Com­ having witnessed the success of the OPEC IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mander:.in-Chief of the men, Pham Van car,tel, would like the United States and Eu­ Dong-the Premier of the Democratic Re­ rope to help them establish similar cartels Thursday, July 17, 1975 public of Viet Nam, the Government that is in other commodities. To justify this de­ Mr. KETCHUM. Mr. Speaker, just last most influential in the Communist block mand that we organize international trade week, I was privileged to share with my countries in Southea.st Asia, General Secre­ to our own disadvantage, they offer various tary Brezhnev-head of Soviet Government woolly, neo-Marxist arguments to the effect colleagues in the House the text of a letter from President Ford to the daugh­ and Premier Chou En Lai-head of Chinese that their poverty is the result of our Government, these two governments hold t he prosperity. ter of an MIA father. In the letter, the key to opening the boundaries to search for AMBASSADOR MOYNIHAN' S RESPONSE President pledged himself to leave no our men. The selection of the other two, Dr. Incredibly enough, many Americans ( and stone unturned in achieving a full ac­ Kissinger and Le Due Tho as participants, is even more Europeans) seem inclined t o ap­ counting for our men missing in South­ obvious. pease rat her than repudiat e t his claim. The east Asia. I found that letter to be strong We are first to acknowledge their task sensible response has been outlined by Am­ rea.ssurance of the fact that these men would be a most difficult one, "That is t o bassador Moynihan. It is to the effect that have not been, nor will they be, forgot- achie,·e an honorable determination of t he July 17, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23501 !11,te of the U.S. Servicemen and Civilians Yet here were prosperous Yankees talking House and the Capitol revolving around in Southeast Asia." An accounting that would about bondage and slavery, as if a British the upcoming legislation (H.R. 8454) to see the (1) return of all POW's, (2) the full· bayonet were held at every American throat. lift the arms embargo against Turkey. est possible accounting, and (3) the return The simple truth is that the Americans of the remains of our dead. who formed our nation took their libe1·ties I am hopeful that Congress is not being Apparently, the chief rea.&on for the diffi· that seriously. A threat to their dreams steamrolled by these lobbying efforts into culty of the task is that this issue is humani· was as offensive as a. thrust at their persons. supporting the lifting of that embargo. tarian in nature, not scientific as si.1ch, nor Two great forces drove the Americans to I am amazed that we are being asked political as such, the solution doesn't lend revolution long before taxes and tea became to start sending arms to Turkey again. itself to computers or scientific technology an issue. The first was the kind of life they What has changed? The fact remains for solutions. It seems that mankind through. found in the New World. that they used American-supplied arm the ages has concentrated more on the sci· From the fu·st English settlers at James· in their 1974 invasion of Greece, know­ entific--of developing things and evaluating town and Plymouth to the embattled farm· accomplishments and successes in terms of ers at Concord bridge, Americans ha.d ing- full well that our laws forbid the use the scientific. Mankind, especially politicians, learned to work or starve, sink or swim, in of our military aid expect for purposes of seem ill-equipped to solve basic humani· a bountiful but dangerous wilderness. self-defense and civil disorder. And wh::it tarian issues and problems. It made them self-reliant, suspicious, and is even clearer id that since that inva­ Mr. President. we call upon you to arrange excruciatingly independent. Nobody pushed sion Turkey has made no good faith move such a. meeting in Hanoi. If you do this the Americans around without a fight. In 1775 that indicates they are seriously nego· Families will believe that you are determined the British pushed and got one. tiating on Cyprus to restore peace. Fur­ to get an honorable accounting, or that at The turning point in the developing strug. ther, we have received no assurances least you are ea,rnestly trying to do so. gle was a long war between the empires of Very truly yours, Britain and France. It ended in 1763 and left from the Turks that there would be good E. C. MILLS. the British supreme over most of the North faith negotiations even in the event that Executice D irec t or. American continent. H.R. 8454 passes. In truth, they are busily Several things happened because of this resettling Turkish citizens in Cyprus to war that started the American colonies to· expand the Turkish presence there. The ward separation. Tlle first was their own Turkish troops show no signs of dispers­ WHY A REVOLUTION? 200 YEARS perfidy. ing. And yet we are now asked to resume LATER THE ANSWER IS THE SAME Some Americans built fortunes supplying both armies at the same time. This prompted military aid to them, no strings attached. an indignant British government to tighten Recently an editorial appeared in the long-dormant trade restraints. Washington Post outlining a compromise HON. JOHN L. BURTO And, when the fighting was over, it was a proposal on the Cyprus issue by George OF CALIFORNIA whole new world. For the first time since the Ball and Cyrus Vance. As opposed to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATffE first Englishmen landed, there was no French the administration ''compromise"-the threat, no Spanish threat, no Indians stirred Thursday, July 17, 1975 Turks getting everything they want with­ up by European provocateurs. out having to do anything in return­ Mr. JOHN L. BURTON. l\llr. Speaker, The lush, virgin lands across the Appa· their suggestions form the basis of a a constituent, Mr. Claude Ury of San lachiaus beckoned to this generation of Americans like California gold did to another. workable and equitable compromise. The Francisco, has sent me an article which But British policy and the vagaries of a world thinking is in line with my own when I appeared in the San Francisco Examiner economy entering the industrial age threw introduced legislation on this matter. Aid and Chronicle on July 6, 1975. up blockades. should not be resumed until certain con­ The article, written by the A.., sociated First the British, seeking to avoid Indian ditions are met. In the case of my legis­ Press, deals with the rea on behind the trouble and to simplify administration, drew lation this would be Turkey withdrawing American Revolution, and offers a a. line down the Appalachian ridge and told the colonists not to step across it. her forces and the Turkish and Greek thumbnail sketch of the events leading Cypriots beginning serious negotiations to our Declaration of Independence. The order ran counter to the colonists' de· sire for physical freedom. It also put re· to resolve their differences. Mr. Speaker, I wish to insert thi arti­ straints on the economic prospects of Amer· Mr. Ball and Mr. Vance are willing to cle in the RECORD for the information of icans, from the biggest land speculator to the include a "face-saving" device for the my colleagues. smallest sodbuster looking for a better farm. Turks. But there must be a formula link­ The text of the article follows: And it came at a time when worldwide de­ ing Cyprus and arms to require some WHY A REVOLUTION? 200 YEAR L TER pression made the need for new opportunity progress in negotiation as a condition to ANSWER'S THE SAME greater than ever. resuming aid, or if aid is resumed, prog­ One of the hardest things the founding The depression stunned Americans and made them resentful of th1·eats to the Amer· ress must be demonstrated if aid is to fathers had to do was explain the American continue. I would prefer an approach Revolution. The answer they finally came up ican dream of security for anyone willing to with was the only one that works, even today. work for it. that requires Turkey meeting certain They were fighting !01· liberty. And there was a war debt, which the conditions initially but if this is not plau­ Two hundred years ago today-a. year in British wanted the American colonists to sible, we should at the very least put a advance of the Declaration of Independ· help pay. They also thought it was about condition on resumption of aid-if after ence--the Continental Congress issued a time they brought some order to the com­ 3 months Turkey has done nothing, then declaration explaining why they were doing merce of the newly secured empire. These efforts, in the context of deepening the aid is discontinued. such an outrageous thing as rebelling There is a principle involved here con­ against fellow Englishmen and the mightiest suspicion and resentment in America, were empire on earth. the immediate cause of the Revolutionary cerning the misuse of our military aid, "We have counted the cost of this contest war. and we should not alter that principle and find nothing so dreadful as voluntary In fact, until the fighting started in the because of blackmail or threats. slavery," wrote Thomas Jefferson, the liberal spring of 1775, British offenses against Amer· I submit this editorial for the consid­ intellectual leader of the Congress, and John ica. really were not as bad as Americans came eration of my colleagues: to think they were. Dickinson, the brilliant conservative. THE BALL-VANCE COMPROMISE ON CYPRUS "Honor, justice and humanity forbid us So the issue of the American Revolutiou tamely to surrender that freedom which we really was freedom-as each colonial Ameri.. The Cyprus issue builds toward yet an. received from our gallant ancestors, and can defined it for himself. other unhappy showdown. If arms ship­ which our innocent posterity have a right ments~mbargoed by Congress in protest to receive from us," Congress said in the over Turkey's use of American arms in Declaration of the Ca.uses and Necessities Cyprus-are not resumed promptly, Tur­ for Taking Up Arms, adopted July 6, 1775. THE BALL-VANCE COMPROMISE ON key threatens to begin squeezing the United "We cannot endure the infamy a.nd guilt of CYPRUS States out of important bases on its soil. resigning succeeding generations to that Fearing to lose the bases, and seeing Ankara's wretchedness which inevitably a.waits them, political stalemate, the administ1:ation has if we basely entail hereditary bondage upon HON. MARTIN A. RUSSO responded by supportitng the Morgan "com­ them." promise" bill. It is some compromise: the But what does it all mean? On the surface OF ILLINOIS Turks would get pretty much all the arms this overblown rhetoric is absurd. Americans IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES they want but would not have to budge, or were not an oppressed people. In fact they Thursday, July 17, 1975 even promise to budge, on Cyprus. And this were doing pretty well. Their economic op­ is being offered, mind you, when Turkey has portunities and personal libertie were Mr. RUSSO. Mr. Speaker, there is aroused Greek fears that by displacing Greek among the best in the world. much activity this week at the White Cypriots from Turkish-occupied areas and 28502 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 17, 1975 settling Turks brought in from Turkey it are shocking: First, in July 197 4, over gest that two or three times as .m.a.ny people is altering the whole demographic pattern half-57 percent-of the potential eligi­ may be qualified-perhaps as many as 58 on Cyprus. Whether the Morgan bill can bles had incomes above the poverty line; million. overcome the three to one margin by which The fact that more than 25% of the citi­ the embargo was earlier voted is uncertain. second, between 1965 and 1975, the num­ zens of the wealthiest nation on earth are Fortunately, there ls a better way. ber of Americans receiving food stamps eligible for food stamps ls not so much an It consists of the true compromise ap­ increased from one in 439 t.o one in 13; Indictment of the American economy as an proach outlined In House testimony last and third, in fiscal year 1965, the t.otal indictment of the program-a program, re­ week by George Ball and Cyrus Vance, for­ expenditw.·es for the food stamp pro­ member, that was conceived as a way of merly No. Two at State and Defense respec­ gram were $36,353,797; in fiscal year helping low-income Americans obtain a bet­ tively and both old Cyprus hands of note. 1975, they are estimated to be almost ter diet. Instead, as the Agriculture Depart­ Under their approach, American interests in $5.2 billion-an increase of 142.03 per­ ment report noted, food stamps have become Greece as well as Turkey would be served, "a major maintenance program," benefttting and the United States would establish the cent. Equally disturbing is a report by a not only those at or below the official poverty principle that American arms can be used subcommittee of the Joint Economic figure of $5,040 annual income !or a nonfarm just for the purposes for which they are Committee issued late in 1973 which family of four, but even families earning as expliclty provided-a weighty consideration stated that at the then-present growth much as $16,000. at a moment when arms exports have reached rate, one out of every four Americans The reason for this is that eligibility ls de­ the dizzying rate of $11 billion a year. To would be eligible for food stamps for at cided on the basis of net income, that is, in­ Mr. Ball and Mr. Vance, the principal need least 1 month out of the year. This come remaining after deductions for medical ls to find a formula linking Cyprus and arms: bills, education and mortgages. The Agricul­ "to require some progress in negotiation prediction is now fact. In June of this ture Department report agrees that the cur­ as a condition to resuming-or, at least, long year it was estimated that there will be rent system gives unfair advantage to higher continuing-the arms flow." The basic con­ 21.8 million participants in the program, income families, yet it still does not recom­ cept of conditioning arms deliveries on the with 57.3 million potential eligibles-a mend using a uinform percentage of gross policy questions is now well established, one 1-in-4 ratio. Income to determine eligiblllty. Thus, In Sen­ notes, In respect to other American depend­ A number of my colleagues, in the ator Buckley's words, "Some able-bodied per­ encies, such as Israel. One possibility sug­ House and the Senate, have joined me in sons who do not wish to work can get food gested by Mr. Ball and Mr. Va.nee would be cosponsoring significant food stamp re­ stamps. Persons who quit their jobs without for the President to use an existing "national reason can get food stamps. Minor children security" authority to grant Turkey up to form legislation. This measure (H.R. can get food stamps without parental con­ $50 million 1n military aid; this would pre­ 8146) if enacted, would save at least $2 sent or control." clude an up-or-down vote in the House and billion of the estimated $6.6 billion A congressional backlash appears to be set­ would give the Turks some time and reason budget for the food stamp program in ting In, however. Almost 100 Congressmen, to move in Cyprus. Another possibility would the next fiscal year. This would be ac­ led by Senator Buckley and Rep. Robert be to suspend the embargo for three months, complished mainly by closing loopholes Michel, have Introduced a bill to cut stamp also to provide Turkey a Cyprus face-saver. which permit families and individuals costs by at least $2 blllion. They have pro­ "Obviously, there are a number of variants," with relatively high incomes to qualify posed more than 40 changes, Including re­ Mr. Ball and Mr. Vance observe. stricting eligibility to people whose gross in· The value of the Ball-Vance approach, we for the program. I urge my colleagues come falls below the poverty line and in­ submit, goes beyond the considerable merit who are not cosponsors to study this creasing benefits to genuinely needy food of their proposals. For the administration, 1n legislation and give it their support. The stamp recipients by 29 % . what has been both an error of fact and an hard-working American taxpayers who The reformers have an uphill battle on error of politics, has never stopped charac­ provide the funds for this program are their hands. But if Congress doesn't draw terizing the opponents of unconditional arms being ripped off by those who abuse this the the line now, there's no telling where all shipments to Turkey as members of a "Greek well-meaning program. It is time to this will end. A good guess would be that it lobby" motivated chiefly by considerations of will end in a bureaucratic and financial ethnic polltics. In fact, some leaders of this recognize the rights and needs of our nightmare, where it seems to be heading at alleged "lobby" oppose the embargo-suspen­ constituents who are struggling to make break-neck speed. sion proposal as something already tried ends meet in this period of inflation/ (twice) and found wanting. In any event, recession without public assistance. [From the Los Angeles Times, July 14, 1975] Mr. Ball and Mr. Va.nee are plainly not mem­ Following is an editorial which ap­ END OF FOOD STAMPS PROPOSED-PROGRAM'S bers of any ethnic lobby. On the contrary, peared in the Wall Street Journal on RISK FOR ABUSE CITED BY GRAND JURY their distinguished service with respect to Friday, July 11, supporting our reform (By Wlllia.m Farr) Cyprus has been in the role of trouble-shoot­ legislation. I urge my colleagues to read ers seeking middle ground. Their reasoning Describing the federal food stamp pro­ derives from hard-earned experience. Their this fine editorial as well as an article gram for welfare recipients as both inefficient purposes-to encourage negotiation on from the Los Angeles Times for Monday, and having a "built-in high risk of criminal Cyprus, to preserve the Western Alliance, July 14, presenting the position taken abuse," the 1974-75 Los Angeles County and to a.void setting a precedent that might by the Los Angeles County grand jury Grand Jury has recommended that the pro­ encourage the aggressive use of American in support of an end to the food stamp gram be canceled. arms by grantees or purchasers-should be program altogether: The recommendation is contained In a re­ widely shared. port to be released today by Monica Micciche, (From the Wall Street Journal, July 11, chairperson of the grand jury committee 1975] that reviewed operations of the county De­ A MOTH-EATEN FISHNET partment of Public Social Services. After Cong1·ess earlier this year defeated In recommending that the Board of Super­ FOOD STAMP REFORM: GROWING President Ford's attempt to 1·educe food visors urge the federal government to "cash SUPPORT stamp benefits, the Senate unanimously di­ out" the food stamp program, the grand rected the Agriculture Department to recom­ jury said the benefits should Instead be con­ mend ways of ridding that program of non­ sollda.ted In the normal welfare program by poor participants and of tightening up on adding the amount of the food stamp bonus HON. JOHN H. ROUSSELOT other abuses. Now the report has been com­ to a recipient's welfare check. OF CALIFORNIA pleted. But instead of firm recommenda­ "It is estimated that this would save $12.3 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tions, it offers little more than a review of million in admlnistra.tive costs annually In the program and a. listing of available op­ Los Angeles County," Mrs. Micciche said. Thursday, July 17, 1975 tions. "We are aware of the argument that food Mr. ROUSSELOT. Mr. Speaker, as my Total enrollment in the foOd stamp pro­ stamps compel the poor to spend their money gram has soared during the past decade. on food rather than on alcohol and tobac­ colleagues know, the food stamp pro­ co," she added, "but our Investigation reveals gram was established t.o improve the From a cost of about $36 million and fewer than 500,000 recipients in early 1965, it now this to be untrue since there is a black living conditions of the involuntarily market in food stamps for those recipients poor. Unfortunately, the program has costs more than $5 billion a year with some who choose to abuse the program." 19.5 million recipients. A large part of this The committee report said that the major been abused and distorted, primarily recent increase ls the result of the recession, through administrative regulation, t.o in­ example of admlnistra.tive inefficiency stems o! course, but a much larger pa.rt is the re­ from a welfare applicant's having to fill out clude an increasing number of people In sult of ellglbllity laws that Sena.tor Jamer, two lengthy and complex forms, one !or wel­ higher income b1-ackets, who are not Buckley says "contain more loopholes than fare cash payments and another for the food truly In need. Statistics on the program a moth-eaten fishnet." Official forecasts sug- stamp program. July 18, 1975 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 23503 "Both of these ellglb111ty forms are lengthy, In a companion recommendation, the The grand jury also suggested ln its final involve separate ellglbillty criteria. and grand jury suggested tha.t lf the food stamp report that federal and state officials study some.times conflicting procedures," the report "is not phased out entirely" its a.dmlnlstra.­ the possibility of replacing the current wel­ stated. tion should be transferred from the Depart­ fare system with a "national program of work The report points out that the depart­ ment of Agriculture to the Department of security-to provide jobs for all able-bodied ment's own investigations show an error Health, Education and Welfare, which super­ and handicapped persons Willing to work." rate of 46% on food stamps eligibility "pri­ vises the country's vast welfare system. Elaborating on this point, the grand jury marily as a result of this un11-ecessary com­ About 700,000 persons receive food stamps 1·eport stated: plexity." in Los Angeles County. The value of food "Employment is the answer to a sound It also was voted in the report that food stamps distributed in the last year totaled economy, not welfare programs. Employment stamps are extremely vulnerable to fraudu­ $132 million, and the program in this provides a.n individual with a. sense of dig­ lent practices since they are "nearly as nego­ county had an administrative cost of $34.4 nity and self-respect whlle welfare robs the tiable as currency." million. recipient of these fundamental qualities."

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Friday, July 18, 1975 The House met at 10 o'clock a.m. The message also announced that the [Roll No. 405] The Chaplain, Rev. Edward Gardiner Senate had passed with amendments in Adams Ford, Mich. Nowak which the concurrence of the House is Alexander Forsythe O'Hara Latch, D.D., offered the following prayer: Andrews, N.C. Fountain Patman, Tex. Teach me to do Thy will, for Thou art requested, bills of the House of the fol­ Archer Fulton Pepper lowing titles: Ashley Gibbons Randall my God; Thy spirit is good; lead me into Bell Hagedorn Reuss the land of uprightness.-Psalms 143: H.R. 4073. An act to extend the Appa­ Bowen Hansen Rhodes 10. lachian Regional Development Act of 1965 Breaux Harsha Richmond O Thou who dost reveal Thyself in for an additional 2-fiscal-year period; Breckinridge Hebert Riegle R.R. 6799. An act to approve certain of the Broomfield Heckler, Mass. Risenhoover endless ways, deepen within us the sense proposed amendments to the Federal Rules Brown, Calif. Helstoski Roberts of Thy presence as we wait upon Thee of Criminal Procedure, to amend certain of Brown, Ohio Jarman Rogers in prayer. Buchanan Jenrette Rose them, and to make certain additional Chisholm Johnson, Pa.. Scheuer Thou art love and You bid us to be amendments to those Rules; Collins, Ill. Jones, N.C. Schneebell loving too. Thou art forgiving and You H.R. 7716. An act to amend the Tariff Conyers Karth Seiberling call us to be forgiving also. Thou art Schedules of the United States to suspend Corman LaFalce Sikes the duty on certain forms of zinc until the Crane Latta Solarz truth and You summon us to be truthful Danielson Long, La. Steed as well. Thou art good and Thy desire for close of June 30, 1978; Dellums Lujan Steiger, Wis. us is to be good all our days and in all H.R. 7731. An act to suspend the duty on Dent Mccollister Symms open-top hopper cars exported for repairs Diggs McDonald Thompson our ways. or alterations on or before June 30, 1975. Drinan Macdonald Udall During these trying time bless Thou Eckhardt Matsunaga Wampler our President, our Speaker, Members of The message also announced that the Esch Melcher Wiggins Congress, and all who labor with them. Senate insists upon its amendments to Eshleman Mink Wilson, Bob 6799) Fish Mosher Winn May the benedictions of Thy presence the bill (H.R. entitled "An act to Flynt Murphy, N.Y. rest upon them this day and every day. approve certain of the proposed amend­ Lead us, we pray Thee, in the paths of ments to the Federal Rules of Criminal The SPEAKER. On this rollcall 351 peace and unity for Thy name's sake. Procedure, to amend certain of them, Members have recorded their presence Amen. and to make certain additional amend­ by electronic device, a quorum. ments to those rules," requests a confer­ By unanimous consent, further pro­ ence with the House on the disagreeing ceedings under the call were dispensed THE JOURNAL votes of the two Houses thereon, and with. The SPEAKER. The Chair has exam­ appoints Mr. McCLELLAN, Mr. PHILIP A. ined the Journal of the last day's pro­ HART, Mr. ABOUREZK, Mr. HRUSKA, and ceedings and announces to the House his Mr. HUGH ScoTT, to be the conferees on PERMISSION FOR COMMITTEE ON approval thereof. the part of the Senate. APPROPRIATIONS TO FILE PRIVI­ Without objection, the Journal stands LEGED REPORT _approved. There was no objection. Mr. YATES. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani­ PERMISSION FOR COMMITTEE ON mous consent that the Committee on RULES TO FILE CERTAIN PRIVI­ Appropriations may have until midnight MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE LEGED REPORTS tonight to file a privileged report on the A message from the Senate by Mr. Mr. BOLLING. Mr. Speaker, I ask Department of the Interior and related Sparrow, one of its clerks, announced unanimous consent that the Committee agencies appropliation bill for fiscal year that the Senate had passed without on Rules may have until midnight to­ 1976, and the transition. amendment a concuuent resolution of night to file certain privileged reports. Mr. McDADE reserved all points of the House of the following title: The SPEAKER. Is there objection to order. H. Con. Res. 342. Concurrent resolution the request of the gentleman from Mis­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to authorizing the Chief of the Capitol Police souri? the request of the gentleman from Illi­ interrogatories in a civil action. nois? There was no objection. There was 110 objection. The message also announced that the Senate agrees to the rePort of the com­ mittee of conference on the disagreeing CALL OF THE HOUSE MAJORITY LEADER THOMAS P. votes of the two Houses on the amend­ O'NEILL, JR., SAYS NO WONDER ments of the Senate to the bill (H.R. Mr. MARTIN. Mr. Speaker, I make the THINGS DON'T WORK ANY MORE 5901) entitled "An act making appro­ point of order that a. quorum is not pres­ priations for the Education Division and ent. (Mr. O'NEILL asked and was given related agencies, for the fiscal year end­ The SPEAKER. Evidently a quorwn is permission to address the House for 1 ing June 30, 1976, and the period Sep­ not present. minute and to revise and extend his re­ tember 30, 1976, and for other purposes," Mr. O'NEILL. Mr. Speaker, I move a marks.> and that the Senate had agreed to the call of the House. Mr. O'NEILL. Mr. Speaker, President amendments of the House to the amend­ A call of the House was orde1·ed. Ford likes to say that programs of the ments of the Senate nwnbered 10 and The call was taken by electronic de­ New Deal and other Democratic pro­ 21, and that the Senate further insisted vice, and the following Members failed grams do not work any more. on its amendment numbered 44. to respond: He is in a good position to know.