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Mise En Page 1 Systematic revision of the genus Isostigma Less. (Asteraceae, Coreopsideae) Guadalupe Peter Abstract Résumé PETER, G. (2009). Systematic revision of the genus Isostigma Less. (Aster- PETER, G. (2009). Révision systématique du genre Isostigma Less. (Aster- aceae, Coreopsideae). Candollea 64: 5-30. In English, English and French aceae, Coreopsideae). Candollea 64: 5-30. En anglais, résumés anglais et abstracts. français. Isostigma Less. (Asteraceae, Coreopsideae) is a South Ameri- Isostigma Less. (Asteraceae, Coreopsideae) est un genre sud- can genus, distributed in Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, américain, distribué en Argentine, au Brésil, en Bolivie, au and Uruguay. This genus has 2 subgenus (Isostigma Less. and Paraguay et en Uruguay. Ce genre comprend 2 sous-genres Microtrichon Guad. Peter) including 11 species (Isostigma acaule (Isostigma Less. et Microtrichon Guad. Peter) incluant 11 (Baker) Chodat, Isostigma brasiliense (Gardner) B. D. Jacks., espèces (Isostigma acaule (Baker) Chodat, Isostigma brasi- Isostigma cordobense Cabrera, Isostigma dissitifolium Baker, liense (Gardner) B. D. Jacks., Isostigma cordobense Cabrera, Isostigma herzogii Hassl., Isostigma hoffmannii Kuntze, Iso - Isostigma dissitifolium Baker, Isostigma herzogii Hassl., stigma molfinianum Sherff, Isostigma peucedanifolium (Spreng.) Isostigma hoffmannii Kuntze, Isostigma molfinianum Sherff, Less., Isostigma scorzonerifolium (Baker) Sherff, Isostigma sim- Isostigma peucedanifolium (Spreng.) Less., Isostigma scorzo- plicifolium Less. and Isostigma sparsifolium Guad. Peter) and nerifolium (Baker) Sherff, Isostigma simplicifolium Less. et 6 varieties. Here are described the new subgenus Microtrichon Isostigma sparsifolium Guad. Peter) et 6 variétés. Ici sont and the taxon Isostigma peucedanifolium var. strictum Guad. décrits le nouveau sous-genre Microtrichon et le taxon Peter. Three new status and combinations are made: Isostigma Isostigma peucedanifolium var. strictum Guad. Peter. Trois peucedanifolium var. crithmifolium (Less.) Guad. Peter, Isostigma lectotypes sont désignés pour les noms Isostigma hoffman- peucedanifolium var. speciosum (Less.) Guad. Peter and nii, Isostigma peucedanifolium var. crithmifolium et Isostigma Isostigma simplicifolium var. riedelii (Baker) Guad. Peter. Three scorzonerifolium. Deux néotypes sont désignés pour les noms lectotypes are designated for the names Isostigma hoffmannii, Isostigma cordobense et Isostigma simplicifolium Less. var. Isostigma peucedanifolium var. crithmifolium and Isostigma simplicifolium. Un nom (Isostigma megapotamicum (Spreng.) scorzonerifolium. Two neotypes are designated for the names Sherff) est exclu. Des cartes de distribution et des clés d’iden- Isostigma cordobense and Isostigma simplicifolium Less. var. tification sont aussi données. simplicifolium. One name (Isostigma megapotamicum (Spreng.) Sherff) is excluded. Distribution maps and identification keys are provided. Key-words ASTERACEAE – Isostigma – South America – Systematics – Taxonomy Address of the author: CURZA, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Monseñor Esandi y Ayacucho, 8500 Viedma, Argentina. Email: [email protected] Submitted on October 29, 2008. Accepted on January 13, 2009. Edited by P. Bungener ISSN: 0373-2967 Candollea 64(1): 5-30 (2009) © CONSERVATOIRE ET JARDIN BOTANIQUES DE GENÈVE 2009 6 – Candollea 64, 2009 Introduction Generic relationships The tribe Coreopsideae has 25 genera and ca. 500 species, The South American genus Isostigma Less. (Asteraceae, is cosmopolitan, with a concentration of species in America, Coreopsideae) includes 11 species distributed in Argentina, especially Mexico (BREMER, 1987; RYDING & BREMER, 1992). Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay. The genus is closely Inside the tribe, there are some large genera that are poorly related to the genus Chrysanthellum Rich. Isostigma, together delimited, such as Bidens and Coreopsis L. (KARIS & RYDING, with Chrysanthellum, Diodontium F. Muell., Glossocardia 1994; KIMBALL & CRAWFORD, 2004; MORT & al., 2008). Cass., and Trioncinia (F. Muell.) Veldkamp, form the generic RYDING & BREMER (1992) presented a cladistic study of group Chrysanthellum (RYDING & BREMER, 1992; KARIS & the Coreopsideae, and suggested that it had three groups of RYDING, 1994). This group is characterised by having alter- genera, with the status of subtribes or informal generic groups nate and/or basally rosulate leaves, Kranz syndrome, and long, (KARIS & RYDING, 1994): the Coreopsis group, the Chrysan- subulate-appendaged style branches (KARIS & RYDING, 1994). thellum group, and the Petrobium group. SHERFF (1926) considered Isostigma related to Bidens, with Taxonomic history differences only in the stigmatic branches: elongated in Isostigma was first recognised by LESSING (1831), who Isostigma, and generally shorter and broadened distally in transferred Tragoceras peucedanifolium Spreng. as Isostigma Bidens. Depending on which genera were included in the dif- peucedanifolium (Spreng.) Less. Tragoceras peucedanifolium ferent cladistic analysis, the closest genera related to Isostigma was described by SPRENGEL (1826), based on Sello’s material varied. In the work of RYDING & BREMER (1992) were Glos- from the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. LESSING (1831) sogyne Cass. and Guerreroia Merr. (currently Glossocardia), described three other species in his work (Isostigma crithmi- or Chrysanthellum in the works of KARIS (1993) and KARIS & folium Less., I. simplicifolium Less., and I. speciosum Less.). RYDING (1994), or Glossogyne according to KIMBALL & CRAW- FORD GARDNER (1848) described Glossogyne brasiliensis Baker, (2004). which was subsequently transferred to Isostigma by BENTHAM & HOOKER (1873). BAKER (1884) described I. microcephalum Baker, and considered it as a synonym of Glossogyne brasilien- Key to the South American genera of Coreopsideae sis. Two other species (Isostigma dissitifolium Baker and I. stellatum Baker) and a variety (I. speciosum var. riedelii 1. Cypselae heteromorphic ............................................... 2 Baker) were described in the same work. Some species were 1a. Cypselae homomorphic................................................ 3 originally described as belonging to the genus Bidens L. in the 2. Leaves alternate .......................... Chrysanthellum Rich. “Flora Brasiliensis” (BAKER, 1884). These were later trans- 2a. Leaves opposite ............................... Heterosperma Cav. ferred to Isostigma: Bidens acaulis Baker by CHODAT (1901), 3. Inner phyllaries connate 1/3 or more............................... B. glycinifolius Baker and B. scorzonerifolius Baker by SHERFF .......................................................... Thelesperma Less. (1923, 1926). KUNTZE (1898) and MALME (1899) added other 3a. Inner phyllaries free or connate only at the base.......... 4 new species to Isostigma, I. hoffmannii Kuntze and I. foliosum Malme respectively. 4. Trees or large shrubs with entire leaves .......................... .............................................................. Narvalina Cass. CHODAT (1901), HASSLER (1909, 1916) and SHERFF (1923) 4a. Herbs, shrubs or climbers............................................. 5 described and disposed of various taxa, this culminating with the work of SHERFF (1926) which recognised 11 species in the 5. Pappus with 6-16 awns, retrorsely barbelate ................... genus. Sherff subsequently described I. molfinianum Sherff .................................. Ericentrodea S. F. Blake & Sherff (SHERFF, 1931) and the new variety I. crithmifolium var. nanum 5a. Pappus with up to 4 (-8) aristae or awns ...................... 6 Sherff (SHERFF, 1935). In 1959, CABRERA (1959) described 6. Pappus with a spinulose-hispid corona ........................... another new species: I. cordobense Cabrera. Isostigma crith- ................................................. Cyathomone S. F. Blake mifolium var. nanum and I. cordobense were considered as 6a. Pappus without corona ................................................ 7 synonyms by ARIZA-ESPINAR (2000). The latest species of Isostigma was described as I. sparsifolium Guad. Peter (PETER, 7. Leaves rosulate or alternate.......................................... 8 2006). There are several partial treatments of the genus in 7a. Leaves opposite or whorle d.......................................... 9 recent regional floras (ARIZA-ESPINAR, 1969, 2000; CABRERA, 8. Cypselae winged or with cartilaginous or spongy 1974; PETER, 2004a, 2004b, 2005). The aim of the present margins ...................................................... Coreopsis L. study is to provide anatomical data, to delimite the species and 8a. Cypselae wingless or with narrow hyaline margins to resolve nomenclatural and typification problems. ............................................................... Isostigma Less. Systematic revision of the genus Isostigma Less. (Asteraceae, Coreopsideae) – 7 9. Disc cypselae with neck. Staminal filaments The genus comprises 2 subgenera with 11 species. hirsute ........................................................ Cosmos Cav. Habit. – Perennial herbs or subshrubs; erect or ascending, 9a. Disc cypselae without neck. Staminal filaments rar ely decumbent. glabrous ...................................................................... 10 Root. – Principal axis and ramified, some species have a 10. Cypselae winged or with cartilaginous or spongy xylopodium. margins ...................................................... Coreopsis L. Stem. – Simple, or
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